Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brome-Missisquoi, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	64,786	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	58,314	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	34,331	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	29,414	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	39.3	...	...	39.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,650.20	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	64,790	32,120	32,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9,855	4,910	4,940	15.2	15.3	15.1
0 to 4 years	3,025	1,510	1,515	4.7	4.7	4.6
5 to 9 years	3,295	1,670	1,635	5.1	5.2	5.0
10 to 14 years	3,535	1,735	1,795	5.5	5.4	5.5
15 to 64 years	37,870	18,945	18,925	58.5	59.0	57.9
15 to 19 years	2,965	1,510	1,450	4.6	4.7	4.4
20 to 24 years	2,455	1,270	1,180	3.8	4.0	3.6
25 to 29 years	3,040	1,530	1,510	4.7	4.8	4.6
30 to 34 years	3,285	1,640	1,645	5.1	5.1	5.0
35 to 39 years	3,665	1,865	1,795	5.7	5.8	5.5
40 to 44 years	3,900	1,960	1,935	6.0	6.1	5.9
45 to 49 years	3,540	1,760	1,785	5.5	5.5	5.5
50 to 54 years	3,785	1,885	1,895	5.8	5.9	5.8
55 to 59 years	5,345	2,625	2,720	8.2	8.2	8.3
60 to 64 years	5,900	2,890	3,010	9.1	9.0	9.2
65 years and over	17,060	8,265	8,795	26.3	25.7	26.9
65 to 69 years	5,490	2,690	2,795	8.5	8.4	8.6
70 to 74 years	4,780	2,400	2,380	7.4	7.5	7.3
75 to 79 years	3,145	1,585	1,565	4.9	4.9	4.8
80 to 84 years	1,895	905	990	2.9	2.8	3.0
85 years and over	1,755	685	1,065	2.7	2.1	3.3
85 to 89 years	1,085	490	595	1.7	1.5	1.8
90 to 94 years	515	165	350	0.8	0.5	1.1
95 to 99 years	140	30	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2	15.3	15.1	15.2	15.3	15.1
15 to 64 years	58.5	59.0	57.9	58.5	59.0	57.9
65 years and over	26.3	25.7	26.9	26.3	25.7	26.9
85 years and over	2.7	2.1	3.3	2.7	2.1	3.3
Average age of the population	46.2	45.8	46.6	46.2	45.8	46.6
Median age of the population	49.6	48.8	50.4	49.6	48.8	50.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	29,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,245	...	...	62.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,200	...	...	4.1	...	...
Row house	245	...	...	0.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,445	...	...	4.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,630	...	...	25.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	245	...	...	0.8	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	395	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	29,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,005	...	...	34.0	...	...
2 persons	11,795	...	...	40.1	...	...
3 persons	3,215	...	...	10.9	...	...
4 persons	2,865	...	...	9.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,540	...	...	5.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	63,095	31,250	31,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	54,930	27,205	27,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	33,455	16,740	16,715	60.9	61.5	60.3
Married	18,355	9,200	9,155	33.4	33.8	33.0
Living common-law	15,100	7,535	7,560	27.5	27.7	27.3
Living common law - Never married	11,420	5,665	5,750	20.8	20.8	20.7
Living common law - Separated	130	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,155	1,640	1,515	5.7	6.0	5.5
Living common law - Widowed	395	170	225	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	21,475	10,470	11,010	39.1	38.5	39.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,615	7,510	6,105	24.8	27.6	22.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	730	350	380	1.3	1.3	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,260	1,880	2,375	7.8	6.9	8.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,870	725	2,150	5.2	2.7	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,745	...	...	62.2	...	...
3 persons	3,110	...	...	16.5	...	...
4 persons	2,725	...	...	14.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,315	...	...	7.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	18,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	16,375	...	...	86.7	...	...
Married couples	8,825	...	...	46.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,570	...	...	13.6	...	...
Without children	6,265	...	...	33.2	...	...
Common-law couples	7,545	...	...	39.9	...	...
With children⁶	3,515	...	...	18.6	...	...
Without children	4,030	...	...	21.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,515	...	...	13.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,750	...	...	9.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	765	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	63,095	31,250	31,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	50,755	25,200	25,560	80.4	80.6	80.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	32,750	16,365	16,390	51.9	52.4	51.5
Parents in one-parent families	2,510	765	1,745	4.0	2.4	5.5
Children⁶	15,495	8,070	7,425	24.6	25.8	23.3
In a two-parent family	11,555	5,960	5,595	18.3	19.1	17.6
In a one-parent family	3,945	2,110	1,835	6.3	6.8	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,335	6,050	6,280	19.5	19.4	19.7
Living alone	10,000	4,855	5,145	15.8	15.5	16.2
Living with other relatives⁷	915	420	490	1.5	1.3	1.5
Living with non-relatives only	1,420	775	645	2.3	2.5	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	29,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	17,880	...	...	60.8	...	...
Couple-family households	15,680	...	...	53.3	...	...
With children⁶	5,795	...	...	19.7	...	...
Without children	9,885	...	...	33.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,200	...	...	7.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	260	...	...	0.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	475	...	...	1.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	720	...	...	2.4	...	...
One-person households	10,005	...	...	34.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	53,255	26,350	26,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,420	25,945	26,475	98.4	98.5	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,200	36,000	40,400	45,200	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,430	25,950	26,490	98.5	98.5	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	32,400	35,600	39,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,520	23,865	23,655	89.2	90.6	87.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	38,800	26,000	31,800	38,800	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,395	18,905	17,490	68.3	71.7	65.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,600	27,400	32,400	37,600	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	43,465	20,745	22,715	81.6	78.7	84.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	11,900	13,400	12,800	11,900	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,855	3,055	2,800	11.0	11.6	10.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,480	5,480	5,320	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,290	7,425	6,865	26.8	28.2	25.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,500	6,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	53,255	26,305	26,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,560	25,940	26,615	98.7	98.6	98.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,750	62,250	45,520	53,750	62,250	45,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,580	25,940	26,640	98.7	98.6	98.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,080	48,360	37,960	43,080	48,360	37,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,605	23,795	23,805	89.4	90.5	88.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,440	57,200	37,680	47,440	57,200	37,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,395	18,820	17,575	68.3	71.5	65.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,360	53,500	36,680	45,360	53,500	36,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	43,405	20,550	22,855	81.5	78.1	84.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,080	12,310	13,760	13,080	12,310	13,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,995	3,095	2,900	11.3	11.8	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,710	5,970	7,490	6,710	5,970	7,490
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,155	7,335	6,820	26.6	27.9	25.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,720	7,350	8,120	7,720	7,350	8,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	53,255	26,310	26,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,475	8,965	7,510	30.9	34.1	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	58,800	48,400	53,200	58,800	48,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,900	80,000	57,750	69,900	80,000	57,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,075	7,240	7,840	28.3	27.5	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	20,800	14,900	17,600	20,800	14,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,760	32,800	23,060	27,760	32,800	23,060
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	84.4	74.0	80.0	84.4	74.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.4	62.3	53.2	58.4	62.3	53.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.1	15.7	26.0	20.1	15.7	26.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.8	5.6	4.6	3.8	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.3	4.6	3.9	3.3	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	53,255	26,350	26,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	840	410	430	1.6	1.6	1.6
With total income	52,415	25,940	26,470	98.4	98.4	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,245	1,375	1,875	6.2	5.3	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	6,480	2,595	3,885	12.4	10.0	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	9,115	4,050	5,060	17.4	15.6	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,210	3,255	3,950	13.8	12.5	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,860	3,305	3,555	13.1	12.7	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,310	2,755	2,555	10.1	10.6	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,945	2,305	1,635	7.5	8.9	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,760	1,630	1,130	5.3	6.3	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,890	1,110	780	3.6	4.3	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,310	760	545	2.5	2.9	2.1
$100,000 and over	4,305	2,795	1,510	8.2	10.8	5.7
$100,000 to $149,999	2,620	1,635	990	5.0	6.3	3.7
$150,000 and over	1,685	1,160	520	3.2	4.5	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	53,255	26,350	26,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	820	405	420	1.5	1.5	1.6
With after-tax income	52,435	25,945	26,485	98.5	98.5	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,650	1,500	2,150	7.0	5.8	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	6,855	2,790	4,065	13.1	10.8	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	10,575	4,700	5,875	20.2	18.1	22.2
$30,000 to $39,999	9,050	4,300	4,755	17.3	16.6	18.0
$40,000 to $49,999	7,935	4,170	3,765	15.1	16.1	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,225	3,015	2,215	10.0	11.6	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,180	1,800	1,380	6.1	6.9	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,015	1,150	860	3.8	4.4	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,120	660	455	2.1	2.5	1.7
$90,000 to $99,999	725	450	270	1.4	1.7	1.0
$100,000 and over	2,105	1,410	695	4.0	5.4	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	905	575	335	1.7	2.2	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,195	835	365	2.3	3.2	1.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	53,255	26,350	26,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	16,860	7,440	9,420	31.7	28.2	35.0
With employment income	36,395	18,910	17,485	68.3	71.8	65.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,840	3,015	2,830	16.0	15.9	16.2
$5,000 to $9,999	3,070	1,330	1,740	8.4	7.0	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	4,560	1,975	2,580	12.5	10.4	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	3,910	1,780	2,130	10.7	9.4	12.2
$30,000 to $39,999	3,740	1,760	1,980	10.3	9.3	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	3,590	1,855	1,735	9.9	9.8	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	2,815	1,660	1,155	7.7	8.8	6.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,290	1,460	825	6.3	7.7	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,575	975	610	4.3	5.2	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,280	705	570	3.5	3.7	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	855	520	340	2.3	2.7	1.9
$100,000 and over	2,865	1,870	995	7.9	9.9	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,165	725	445	3.2	3.8	2.5
$125,000 and over	1,700	1,145	555	4.7	6.1	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	53,255	26,350	26,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,755	25,595	26,155	97.2	97.1	97.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	33,600	38,000	44,000	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,785	25,605	26,180	97.2	97.2	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	30,200	33,600	38,000	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,000	23,635	23,370	88.3	89.7	86.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,400	27,600	33,600	40,400	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,735	19,005	17,730	69.0	72.1	65.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,200	28,400	33,200	39,200	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,260	18,325	20,935	73.7	69.5	77.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,800	10,700	9,800	8,800	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,345	2,790	2,555	10.0	10.6	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	4,800	5,200	4,960	4,800	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	53,255	26,305	26,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,870	25,505	26,365	97.4	97.0	97.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,700	60,100	43,560	51,700	60,100	43,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,905	25,520	26,385	97.5	97.0	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,080	46,480	35,880	41,080	46,480	35,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,170	23,525	23,645	88.6	89.4	87.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,120	57,550	38,680	48,120	57,550	38,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,875	18,965	17,910	69.2	72.1	66.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,400	53,450	36,880	45,400	53,450	36,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,430	18,405	21,030	74.0	70.0	78.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,470	9,730	11,130	10,470	9,730	11,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,415	2,845	2,575	10.2	10.8	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,660	5,640	7,790	6,660	5,640	7,790
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	53,255	26,310	26,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,395	8,930	7,465	30.8	33.9	27.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	57,200	43,600	50,400	57,200	43,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,800	73,900	53,800	64,800	73,900	53,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,390	6,885	7,505	27.0	26.2	27.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	27,000	20,000	22,800	27,000	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,240	39,760	27,200	33,240	39,760	27,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.6	88.4	79.6	84.6	88.4	79.6
Employment income (%)	62.4	66.2	57.5	62.4	66.2	57.5
Government transfers (%)	15.4	11.7	20.4	15.4	11.7	20.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	29,410	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	19,410	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	29,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,100	...	...	96,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,100	...	...	52,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,280	...	...	42,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	19,400	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,800	...	...	118,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...	94,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	29,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	165	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	405	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	580	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,740	...	...	5.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,185	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,100	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,455	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,435	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,395	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,530	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,300	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,060	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,865	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,660	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,390	...	...	31.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,270	...	...	11.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,095	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,100	...	...	7.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,920	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	29,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	235	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	420	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	615	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,875	...	...	6.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,415	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,435	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,720	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,750	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,580	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,940	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,570	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,395	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,015	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,760	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,525	...	...	22.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,850	...	...	9.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,520	...	...	5.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,155	...	...	7.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	18,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,425	5,630	5,790	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,000	35,200	37,200	40,000	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	35,200	31,800	33,600	35,200	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	18,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,900	...	...	118,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...	94,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...	113,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,500	...	...	88,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,400	...	...	117,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,250	...	...	63,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,470	5,595	5,875	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,960	53,050	48,960	50,960	53,050	48,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,440	42,680	40,280	41,440	42,680	40,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	63,095	31,250	31,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,700	5,845	5,855	18.5	18.7	18.4
0 to 5 years	3,645	1,820	1,825	5.8	5.8	5.7
18 to 64 years	35,440	17,515	17,920	56.2	56.0	56.3
65 years and over	15,960	7,890	8,065	25.3	25.2	25.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,490	3,505	3,990	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,195	620	580	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	380	210	175	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,470	1,680	1,790	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,825	1,205	1,620	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.9	11.2	12.5	11.9	11.2	12.5
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.6	9.8	10.2	10.6	9.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.5	11.6	9.4	10.5	11.6	9.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.6	10.0	9.8	9.6	10.0
65 years and over (%)	17.7	15.2	20.1	17.7	15.2	20.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	63,095	31,250	31,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,700	5,845	5,855	18.5	18.7	18.4
0 to 5 years	3,640	1,820	1,820	5.8	5.8	5.7
18 to 64 years	35,435	17,520	17,920	56.2	56.1	56.3
65 years and over	15,960	7,890	8,070	25.3	25.2	25.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,595	840	760	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	195	105	95	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	60	30	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,175	630	545	...	...	...
65 years and over	220	110	115	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.7	2.4	2.5	2.7	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.6	3.1	3.3	3.6	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	63,095	31,250	31,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	36,960	17,840	19,125	58.6	57.1	60.1
In bottom decile	6,025	2,885	3,140	9.5	9.2	9.9
In second decile	7,545	3,525	4,025	12.0	11.3	12.6
In third decile	8,090	3,900	4,195	12.8	12.5	13.2
In fourth decile	7,980	3,895	4,085	12.6	12.5	12.8
In fifth decile	7,315	3,640	3,675	11.6	11.6	11.5
In top half of the distribution	26,135	13,410	12,720	41.4	42.9	39.9
In sixth decile	6,625	3,430	3,190	10.5	11.0	10.0
In seventh decile	5,910	3,040	2,870	9.4	9.7	9.0
In eighth decile	5,160	2,625	2,540	8.2	8.4	8.0
In ninth decile	4,130	2,100	2,030	6.5	6.7	6.4
In top decile	4,305	2,220	2,090	6.8	7.1	6.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	63,095	...	...	63,095	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.357	...	...	0.357	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.491	...	...	0.491	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.301	...	...	0.301	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	63,560	31,435	32,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	3,860	1,965	1,890	6.1	6.3	5.9
French only	24,725	11,675	13,050	38.9	37.1	40.6
English and French	34,895	17,740	17,155	54.9	56.4	53.4
Neither English nor French	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	63,560	31,435	32,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	11,005	5,440	5,570	17.3	17.3	17.3
French	51,650	25,565	26,085	81.3	81.3	81.2
English and French	825	390	440	1.3	1.2	1.4
Neither English nor French	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	63,560	31,435	32,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,685	30,525	31,160	97.1	97.1	97.0
Official languages	60,200	29,790	30,410	94.7	94.8	94.7
English	9,885	4,915	4,970	15.6	15.6	15.5
French	50,310	24,875	25,435	79.2	79.1	79.2
Non-official languages	1,490	735	755	2.3	2.3	2.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,485	730	755	2.3	2.3	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,165	580	585	1.8	1.8	1.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	185	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	165	80	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	395	175	220	0.6	0.6	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	285	130	160	0.4	0.4	0.5
German	230	105	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	25	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	535	280	255	0.8	0.9	0.8
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	100	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	335	170	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,880	915	965	3.0	2.9	3.0
English and French	1,585	765	820	2.5	2.4	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	63,560	31,435	32,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,775	4,360	4,415	13.8	13.9	13.7
French	47,565	23,570	23,990	74.8	75.0	74.7
Non-official language	225	130	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	225	125	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	5,775	2,820	2,955	9.1	9.0	9.2
English and non-official language(s)	245	110	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	390	195	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	565	240	325	0.9	0.8	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	63,560	31,435	32,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,765	30,585	31,185	97.2	97.3	97.1
Official languages	61,295	30,340	30,955	96.4	96.5	96.4
English	10,600	5,210	5,395	16.7	16.6	16.8
French	50,695	25,130	25,565	79.8	79.9	79.6
Non-official languages	475	245	225	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	470	245	225	0.7	0.8	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	350	185	165	0.6	0.6	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	235	135	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	195	115	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,795	855	940	2.8	2.7	2.9
English and French	1,565	750	810	2.5	2.4	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	63,560	31,435	32,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	58,230	28,855	29,375	91.6	91.8	91.4
English	2,825	1,410	1,420	4.4	4.5	4.4
French	1,655	790	865	2.6	2.5	2.7
Non-official language	405	190	215	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	400	190	215	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and French	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	175	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	175	65	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	63,095	31,250	31,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	62,995	31,190	31,805	99.8	99.8	99.9
English	38,615	19,725	18,890	61.2	63.1	59.3
French	59,165	29,260	29,905	93.8	93.6	93.9
Non-official languages	4,500	2,055	2,445	7.1	6.6	7.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,490	2,055	2,435	7.1	6.6	7.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,025	1,830	2,190	6.4	5.9	6.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	250	115	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	240	110	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	795	365	435	1.3	1.2	1.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	645	300	340	1.0	1.0	1.1
German	585	280	305	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	105	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	55	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Scandinavian languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,025	1,370	1,650	4.8	4.4	5.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	400	205	200	0.6	0.7	0.6
Portuguese	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,605	1,155	1,450	4.1	3.7	4.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	63,095	31,250	31,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,145	580	575	1.8	1.9	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,085	535	550	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	720	360	365	1.1	1.2	1.1
Métis	335	170	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	61,950	30,680	31,270	98.2	98.2	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	63,095	31,250	31,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	62,990	31,200	31,785	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	29,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	20,195	...	...	68.7	...	...
Renter	9,225	...	...	31.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	29,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,620	...	...	8.9	...	...
Not condominium	26,795	...	...	91.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	29,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,040	...	...	10.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,105	...	...	31.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,665	...	...	36.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,535	...	...	22.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	29,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,765	...	...	26.4	...	...
5 rooms	5,585	...	...	19.0	...	...
6 rooms	3,825	...	...	13.0	...	...
7 rooms	3,765	...	...	12.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,475	...	...	28.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	29,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	29,305	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	110	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	29,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	28,920	...	...	98.3	...	...
Not suitable	490	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	29,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,140	...	...	24.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,565	...	...	25.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,275	...	...	11.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,150	...	...	7.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,600	...	...	5.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,225	...	...	7.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,210	...	...	7.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,255	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	29,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	27,515	...	...	93.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,905	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	29,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	16,080	...	...	54.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	12,815	...	...	43.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	515	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	29,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	610	...	...	2.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,870	...	...	9.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,390	...	...	14.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,345	...	...	14.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,775	...	...	23.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,370	...	...	21.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,160	...	...	10.7	...	...
85 years and over	905	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	28,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,015	...	...	86.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,875	...	...	13.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,550	...	...	12.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	29,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,905	...	...	20.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,555	...	...	12.1	...	...
Not suitable only	435	...	...	1.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,565	...	...	5.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	295	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	23,510	...	...	79.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	28,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	725	...	...	2.5	...	...
Not in core need	27,840	...	...	97.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,750	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.0	...	...	57.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.0	...	...	1.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	302,000	...	...	302,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	407,600	...	...	407,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,170	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.3	...	...	7.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.7	...	...	21.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	715	...	...	715	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	788	...	...	788	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	63,095	31,255	31,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	845	375	470	1.3	1.2	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	845	375	470	1.3	1.2	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	700	305	395	1.1	1.0	1.2
Métis single ancestry	110	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,095	995	1,100	3.3	3.2	3.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,090	990	1,100	3.3	3.2	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,950	900	1,055	3.1	2.9	3.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	115	85	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	60,155	29,885	30,270	95.3	95.6	95.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	63,095	31,255	31,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	62,195	30,810	31,380	98.6	98.6	98.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,530	5,865	5,665	18.3	18.8	17.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	50,660	24,950	25,715	80.3	79.8	80.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	905	440	465	1.4	1.4	1.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	63,095	31,255	31,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	59,840	29,705	30,140	94.8	95.0	94.6
Immigrants⁸¹	2,990	1,390	1,600	4.7	4.4	5.0
Before 1980	1,230	595	635	1.9	1.9	2.0
1980 to 1990	390	185	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
1991 to 2000	355	165	190	0.6	0.5	0.6
2001 to 2010	490	205	285	0.8	0.7	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	520	240	280	0.8	0.8	0.9
2011 to 2015	285	120	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
2016 to 2021	240	120	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	270	155	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,990	1,390	1,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	375	185	185	12.5	13.3	11.6
5 to 14 years	545	245	300	18.2	17.6	18.8
15 to 24 years	600	225	370	20.1	16.2	23.1
25 to 44 years	1,285	640	640	43.0	46.0	40.0
45 years and over	190	85	100	6.4	6.1	6.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,990	1,390	1,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	655	285	375	21.9	20.5	23.4
Brazil	25	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.3
Colombia	35	20	15	1.2	1.4	0.9
El Salvador	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	40	25	15	1.3	1.8	0.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	45	40	10	1.5	2.9	0.6
Peru	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	370	145	225	12.4	10.4	14.1
Other places of birth in Americas	110	45	65	3.7	3.2	4.1
Europe	1,865	915	950	62.4	65.8	59.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	790	420	365	26.4	30.2	22.8
Germany	155	60	90	5.2	4.3	5.6
Greece	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	100	45	55	3.3	3.2	3.4
Netherlands	45	15	30	1.5	1.1	1.9
Poland	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	0.9
Portugal	55	25	25	1.8	1.8	1.6
Romania	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	215	115	100	7.2	8.3	6.3
Other places of birth in Europe	425	200	225	14.2	14.4	14.1
Africa	185	95	90	6.2	6.8	5.6
Algeria	35	20	15	1.2	1.4	0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	20	0	0.8	1.4	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	10	20	0.8	0.7	1.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	70	35	35	2.3	2.5	2.2
Asia	260	85	175	8.7	6.1	10.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	25	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	10	10	0.5	0.7	0.6
China⁹⁰	70	25	50	2.3	1.8	3.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Philippines	35	10	30	1.2	0.7	1.9
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	10	35	1.7	0.7	2.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	20	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	240	120	120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	95	40	55	39.6	33.3	45.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	0	30	14.6	0.0	25.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	25	10	14.6	20.8	8.3
Europe	75	55	20	31.3	45.8	16.7
France	60	45	20	25.0	37.5	16.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	35	15	20	14.6	12.5	16.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15	6.3	0.0	12.5
Asia	35	10	30	14.6	8.3	25.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	6.3	0.0	8.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	4.2	0.0	8.3
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	63,095	31,250	31,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,600	1,700	1,905	5.7	5.4	6.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,980	1,965	2,010	6.3	6.3	6.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	55,515	27,585	27,930	88.0	88.3	87.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,760	795	965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	970	460	510	55.1	57.9	52.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	575	335	240	32.7	42.1	24.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	400	130	270	22.7	16.4	28.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	665	280	390	37.8	35.2	40.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	110	45	60	6.3	5.7	6.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,760	795	965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	15	20	2.0	1.9	2.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	330	225	110	18.8	28.3	11.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85	45	35	4.8	5.7	3.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	105	50	55	6.0	6.3	5.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	20	45	4.0	2.5	4.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,140	440	700	64.8	55.3	72.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	63,095	31,250	31,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,190	580	615	1.9	1.9	1.9
South Asian	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese	175	80	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black	340	175	160	0.5	0.6	0.5
Filipino	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	240	125	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	90	20	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	61,900	30,670	31,230	98.1	98.1	98.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	63,095	31,255	31,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	21,080	10,450	10,635	33.4	33.4	33.4
English	3,400	1,655	1,745	5.4	5.3	5.5
Irish	5,510	2,515	2,995	8.7	8.0	9.4
Scottish	3,000	1,465	1,535	4.8	4.7	4.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	18,135	9,080	9,060	28.7	29.1	28.5
German	1,805	860	945	2.9	2.8	3.0
Chinese	215	95	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italian	1,430	700	730	2.3	2.2	2.3
Indian (India)	135	50	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukrainian	195	70	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Dutch	465	220	250	0.7	0.7	0.8
Polish	555	230	325	0.9	0.7	1.0
Québécois	7,300	3,655	3,645	11.6	11.7	11.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	675	330	340	1.1	1.1	1.1
Filipino	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	4,535	2,215	2,325	7.2	7.1	7.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,045	1,055	990	3.2	3.4	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,365	635	730	2.2	2.0	2.3
Métis	240	145	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	880	470	410	1.4	1.5	1.3
Russian	160	50	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Norwegian	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Welsh	260	100	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Portuguese	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	775	365	410	1.2	1.2	1.3
Spanish	400	175	225	0.6	0.6	0.7
Swedish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	110	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Acadian	530	250	285	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jewish	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	150	80	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lebanese	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	560	275	285	0.9	0.9	0.9
Danish	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	170	60	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	120	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belgian	745	390	355	1.2	1.2	1.1
Haitian	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	160	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	515	255	260	0.8	0.8	0.8
Finnish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigerian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	225	90	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	165	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	275	115	160	0.4	0.4	0.5
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	155	80	85	0.2	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	110	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	155	50	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	63,095	31,250	31,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	41,255	20,015	21,240	65.4	64.0	66.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,975	985	985	3.1	3.2	3.1
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,640	740	900	2.6	2.4	2.8
Baptist	160	65	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catholic	34,680	16,860	17,820	55.0	54.0	56.0
Christian Orthodox	160	75	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	335	155	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	865	420	450	1.4	1.3	1.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,235	620	620	2.0	2.0	1.9
Hindu	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	125	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	185	75	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	21,250	10,960	10,295	33.7	35.1	32.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	62,460	30,930	31,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	54,265	26,965	27,295	86.9	87.2	86.6
Movers	8,200	3,960	4,240	13.1	12.8	13.4
Non-migrants	2,685	1,290	1,400	4.3	4.2	4.4
Migrants	5,515	2,675	2,840	8.8	8.6	9.0
Internal migrants	5,340	2,560	2,775	8.5	8.3	8.8
Intraprovincial migrants	5,195	2,500	2,695	8.3	8.1	8.5
Interprovincial migrants	145	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
External migrants	175	110	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	60,050	29,740	30,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	34,535	17,385	17,155	57.5	58.5	56.6
Movers	25,515	12,360	13,155	42.5	41.6	43.4
Non-migrants	6,625	3,155	3,470	11.0	10.6	11.4
Migrants	18,890	9,205	9,685	31.5	31.0	32.0
Internal migrants	18,295	8,900	9,395	30.5	29.9	31.0
Intraprovincial migrants	17,765	8,670	9,095	29.6	29.2	30.0
Interprovincial migrants	530	230	295	0.9	0.8	1.0
External migrants	595	305	290	1.0	1.0	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,255	26,305	26,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,415	6,635	4,780	21.4	25.2	17.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,840	19,670	22,165	78.6	74.8	82.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,950	15,605	16,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,850	3,045	1,800	15.2	19.5	11.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	27,105	12,560	14,545	84.8	80.5	89.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,255	26,310	26,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,125	5,695	4,430	19.0	21.6	16.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,830	6,115	6,715	24.1	23.2	24.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,300	14,505	15,800	56.9	55.1	58.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,075	9,595	9,480	35.8	36.5	35.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,515	5,110	3,405	16.0	19.4	12.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,305	3,340	2,965	11.8	12.7	11.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,210	1,770	440	4.1	6.7	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,790	3,735	5,055	16.5	14.2	18.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,765	750	1,015	3.3	2.9	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,225	4,910	6,315	21.1	18.7	23.4
Bachelor's degree	7,220	3,135	4,085	13.6	11.9	15.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,020	375	645	1.9	1.4	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	435	225	210	0.8	0.9	0.8
Master's degree	2,155	960	1,195	4.0	3.6	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400	220	180	0.8	0.8	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,950	15,605	16,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,045	2,455	1,590	12.7	15.7	9.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,930	3,455	3,470	21.7	22.1	21.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,980	9,695	11,285	65.7	62.1	69.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,215	6,615	6,600	41.4	42.4	40.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,215	3,680	2,540	19.5	23.6	15.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,635	2,395	2,245	14.5	15.3	13.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,575	1,285	295	4.9	8.2	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,975	2,520	3,455	18.7	16.1	21.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,025	415	610	3.2	2.7	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,760	3,080	4,685	24.3	19.7	28.7
Bachelor's degree	5,020	2,020	3,005	15.7	12.9	18.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	630	195	435	2.0	1.2	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	295	110	185	0.9	0.7	1.1
Master's degree	1,575	655	920	4.9	4.2	5.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	245	105	145	0.8	0.7	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,250	26,310	26,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,955	11,805	11,150	43.1	44.9	41.4
Education	2,360	565	1,795	4.4	2.1	6.7
13. Education	2,360	565	1,795	4.4	2.1	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,260	440	820	2.4	1.7	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,160	375	780	2.2	1.4	2.9
Humanities	1,770	715	1,055	3.3	2.7	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	235	60	170	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	870	350	515	1.6	1.3	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	120	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	235	65	170	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,965	975	1,985	5.6	3.7	7.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	385	90	300	0.7	0.3	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	530	40	490	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	590	235	350	1.1	0.9	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	440	115	320	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	920	485	440	1.7	1.8	1.6
Business, management and public administration	6,515	2,425	4,095	12.2	9.2	15.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	345	65	280	0.6	0.2	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,170	2,360	3,810	11.6	9.0	14.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	880	480	405	1.7	1.8	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	330	135	195	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	125	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	205	145	60	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	745	490	255	1.4	1.9	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	585	430	155	1.1	1.6	0.6
25. Library science	90	10	75	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,085	5,515	575	11.4	21.0	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	280	185	100	0.5	0.7	0.4
14. Engineering	895	745	150	1.7	2.8	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,135	975	160	2.1	3.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,415	1,355	60	2.7	5.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,230	1,195	35	2.3	4.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,130	1,060	60	2.1	4.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,375	760	610	2.6	2.9	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,090	590	495	2.0	2.2	1.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	285	170	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	3,880	820	3,065	7.3	3.1	11.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	145	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,445	605	2,835	6.5	2.3	10.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,445	1,310	1,130	4.6	5.0	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,375	405	970	2.6	1.5	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	435	365	75	0.8	1.4	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	605	525	85	1.1	2.0	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	31,950	15,605	16,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,970	5,910	5,060	34.3	37.9	30.9
Education	1,350	320	1,030	4.2	2.1	6.3
13. Education	1,350	320	1,030	4.2	2.1	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	935	315	620	2.9	2.0	3.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	40	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	860	275	585	2.7	1.8	3.6
Humanities	960	395	565	3.0	2.5	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130	35	100	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	220	260	1.5	1.4	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	150	35	120	0.5	0.2	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,140	590	1,550	6.7	3.8	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	320	60	260	1.0	0.4	1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	440	35	410	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	340	115	225	1.1	0.7	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	330	70	260	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	645	300	345	2.0	1.9	2.1
Business, management and public administration	4,470	1,495	2,980	14.0	9.6	18.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	30	175	0.6	0.2	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,260	1,460	2,805	13.3	9.4	17.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	575	305	275	1.8	2.0	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	235	85	150	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	75	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	155	100	60	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	535	380	155	1.7	2.4	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	450	345	110	1.4	2.2	0.7
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,390	3,890	500	13.7	24.9	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	175	100	80	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	680	545	145	2.1	3.5	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	845	715	135	2.6	4.6	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	990	945	45	3.1	6.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	860	830	30	2.7	5.3	0.2
48. Precision production	830	770	60	2.6	4.9	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,070	535	530	3.3	3.4	3.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	860	430	430	2.7	2.8	2.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	205	105	100	0.6	0.7	0.6
Health and related fields	2,715	485	2,230	8.5	3.1	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240	115	120	0.8	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,380	330	2,045	7.4	2.1	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	30	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,825	980	840	5.7	6.3	5.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	975	275	700	3.1	1.8	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	380	305	65	1.2	2.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	460	385	70	1.4	2.5	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	31,950	15,605	16,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,970	5,910	5,060	34.3	37.9	30.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	20,980	9,690	11,290	65.7	62.1	69.1
Location of study inside Canada	20,035	9,195	10,835	62.7	58.9	66.3
Same as province or territory of residence	19,350	8,880	10,470	60.6	56.9	64.0
Different than province or territory of residence	680	315	365	2.1	2.0	2.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	945	495	450	3.0	3.2	2.8
Americas	290	145	145	0.9	0.9	0.9
United States of America	185	95	95	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mexico	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	515	275	240	1.6	1.8	1.5
Belgium	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
France	350	205	145	1.1	1.3	0.9
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asia	60	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	53,255	26,310	26,945	...	...	...
In the labour force	32,190	16,660	15,535	...	...	...
Employed	30,445	15,715	14,730	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,745	940	805	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	21,060	9,655	11,410	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.4	63.3	57.7	60.4	63.3	57.7
Employment rate	57.2	59.7	54.7	57.2	59.7	54.7
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.6	5.2	5.4	5.6	5.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	53,250	26,310	26,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	20,380	9,300	11,080	38.3	35.3	41.1
Worked	32,875	17,010	15,865	61.7	64.7	58.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	17,005	9,315	7,685	31.9	35.4	28.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,875	7,695	8,180	29.8	29.2	30.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	42.2	40.9	41.6	42.2	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	32,190	16,655	15,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	395	195	195	1.2	1.2	1.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	31,795	16,455	15,340	98.8	98.8	98.8
Employee	25,895	13,145	12,745	80.4	78.9	82.1
Permanent position	21,600	11,145	10,460	67.1	66.9	67.4
Temporary position	4,290	2,000	2,285	13.3	12.0	14.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,210	465	750	3.8	2.8	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,080	1,540	1,540	9.6	9.2	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,905	3,310	2,590	18.3	19.9	16.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	32,190	16,655	15,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	395	195	195	1.2	1.2	1.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	31,795	16,455	15,340	98.8	98.8	98.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	890	640	250	2.8	3.8	1.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,475	1,315	3,160	13.9	7.9	20.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,740	1,225	520	5.4	7.4	3.3
3 Health occupations	2,370	425	1,945	7.4	2.6	12.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,655	1,050	2,605	11.4	6.3	16.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	985	425	560	3.1	2.6	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	7,495	3,140	4,350	23.3	18.9	28.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,060	5,460	600	18.8	32.8	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,710	1,205	505	5.3	7.2	3.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,415	1,570	845	7.5	9.4	5.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	32,190	16,655	15,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	395	195	195	1.2	1.2	1.3
All industries¹⁹¹	31,795	16,455	15,340	98.8	98.8	98.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,770	1,095	680	5.5	6.6	4.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	75	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
22 Utilities	175	140	40	0.5	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	2,410	2,145	265	7.5	12.9	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	5,125	3,435	1,690	15.9	20.6	10.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,130	710	420	3.5	4.3	2.7
44-45 Retail trade	3,505	1,530	1,975	10.9	9.2	12.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,160	855	305	3.6	5.1	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	350	195	155	1.1	1.2	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	745	265	480	2.3	1.6	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	395	225	165	1.2	1.4	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,220	1,125	1,095	6.9	6.8	7.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,240	735	500	3.9	4.4	3.2
61 Educational services	1,945	570	1,380	6.0	3.4	8.9
62 Health care and social assistance	3,805	620	3,185	11.8	3.7	20.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	990	480	510	3.1	2.9	3.3
72 Accommodation and food services	1,710	725	980	5.3	4.4	6.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,520	710	810	4.7	4.3	5.2
91 Public administration	1,510	820	690	4.7	4.9	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	35,065	18,090	16,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,625	1,435	1,190	7.5	7.9	7.0
French	21,165	11,005	10,155	60.4	60.8	59.8
Non-official language	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	10,960	5,455	5,495	31.3	30.2	32.4
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	95	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	105	90	0.6	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	35,065	18,090	16,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	33,165	17,200	15,965	94.6	95.1	94.1
Official languages	33,140	17,185	15,955	94.5	95.0	94.0
English	4,605	2,495	2,110	13.1	13.8	12.4
French	28,535	14,685	13,845	81.4	81.2	81.6
Non-official languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,900	885	1,010	5.4	4.9	5.9
English and French	1,865	870	995	5.3	4.8	5.9
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	35,065	18,090	16,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	25,650	13,320	12,325	73.1	73.6	72.6
English	7,215	3,590	3,630	20.6	19.8	21.4
French	1,940	1,035	905	5.5	5.7	5.3
Non-official language	125	75	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	75	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	30,450	15,720	14,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,655	2,655	2,995	18.6	16.9	20.3
Worked outside Canada	90	60	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	3,520	2,585	930	11.6	16.4	6.3
Usual place of work	21,185	10,410	10,770	69.6	66.2	73.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,180	10,410	10,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,660	3,460	4,195	36.2	33.2	39.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,495	3,085	3,410	30.7	29.6	31.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,990	3,835	3,160	33.0	36.8	29.3
Commute to a different province or territory	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	24,700	12,995	11,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	22,655	12,040	10,610	91.7	92.7	90.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,405	11,410	9,990	86.7	87.8	85.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,250	625	625	5.1	4.8	5.3
Public transit	150	60	90	0.6	0.5	0.8
Walked	1,375	590	785	5.6	4.5	6.7
Bicycle	190	145	50	0.8	1.1	0.4
Other method	330	160	170	1.3	1.2	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	24,700	12,995	11,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,485	4,550	4,935	38.4	35.0	42.2
15 to 29 minutes	8,095	4,145	3,955	32.8	31.9	33.8
30 to 44 minutes	4,035	2,320	1,710	16.3	17.9	14.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,480	870	615	6.0	6.7	5.3
60 minutes and over	1,605	1,110	490	6.5	8.5	4.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	24,700	12,995	11,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,595	1,185	405	6.5	9.1	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,035	3,420	1,615	20.4	26.3	13.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,675	3,815	3,860	31.1	29.4	33.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,825	1,850	2,975	19.5	14.2	25.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,165	775	1,390	8.8	6.0	11.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,400	1,950	1,455	13.8	15.0	12.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	11,910	5,955	5,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,820	1,415	1,405	23.7	23.8	23.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,090	4,540	4,550	76.3	76.2	76.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,665	4,340	4,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,085	1,060	1,025	24.1	24.4	23.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,515	765	750	17.5	17.6	17.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	570	295	280	6.6	6.8	6.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,580	3,280	3,305	75.9	75.6	76.3

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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