Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brome--MissisquoiMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	113,913	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	103,457	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	63,116	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	52,578	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	41.0	...	...	41.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,779.12	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,915	56,340	57,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,335	8,265	8,070	14.3	14.7	14.0
0 to 4 years	4,885	2,485	2,400	4.3	4.4	4.2
5 to 9 years	5,535	2,820	2,710	4.9	5.0	4.7
10 to 14 years	5,920	2,960	2,955	5.2	5.3	5.1
15 to 64 years	65,800	32,730	33,070	57.8	58.1	57.4
15 to 19 years	4,900	2,510	2,395	4.3	4.5	4.2
20 to 24 years	4,090	2,150	1,945	3.6	3.8	3.4
25 to 29 years	4,840	2,420	2,425	4.2	4.3	4.2
30 to 34 years	5,415	2,665	2,750	4.8	4.7	4.8
35 to 39 years	6,120	3,110	3,015	5.4	5.5	5.2
40 to 44 years	6,485	3,235	3,250	5.7	5.7	5.6
45 to 49 years	6,125	3,030	3,095	5.4	5.4	5.4
50 to 54 years	6,890	3,430	3,460	6.0	6.1	6.0
55 to 59 years	9,850	4,765	5,090	8.6	8.5	8.8
60 to 64 years	11,075	5,420	5,660	9.7	9.6	9.8
65 years and over	31,780	15,345	16,435	27.9	27.2	28.5
65 to 69 years	10,135	5,065	5,070	8.9	9.0	8.8
70 to 74 years	8,765	4,370	4,400	7.7	7.8	7.6
75 to 79 years	6,055	3,030	3,025	5.3	5.4	5.3
80 to 84 years	3,335	1,605	1,735	2.9	2.8	3.0
85 years and over	3,485	1,280	2,210	3.1	2.3	3.8
85 to 89 years	2,195	845	1,355	1.9	1.5	2.4
90 to 94 years	1,025	380	645	0.9	0.7	1.1
95 to 99 years	250	55	190	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	14.7	14.0	14.3	14.7	14.0
15 to 64 years	57.8	58.1	57.4	57.8	58.1	57.4
65 years and over	27.9	27.2	28.5	27.9	27.2	28.5
85 years and over	3.1	2.3	3.8	3.1	2.3	3.8
Average age of the population	47.5	46.9	48.1	47.5	46.9	48.1
Median age of the population	52.0	51.2	52.8	52.0	51.2	52.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	52,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	33,695	...	...	64.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,900	...	...	3.6	...	...
Row house	660	...	...	1.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,675	...	...	5.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,505	...	...	23.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	450	...	...	0.9	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	650	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	52,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	18,195	...	...	34.6	...	...
2 persons	21,610	...	...	41.1	...	...
3 persons	5,465	...	...	10.4	...	...
4 persons	4,755	...	...	9.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,550	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	110,790	55,020	55,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,575	48,075	49,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	59,620	29,810	29,805	61.1	62.0	60.2
Married	32,945	16,495	16,450	33.8	34.3	33.2
Living common-law	26,675	13,310	13,360	27.3	27.7	27.0
Living common law - Never married	19,695	9,760	9,935	20.2	20.3	20.1
Living common law - Separated	245	110	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	6,020	3,115	2,905	6.2	6.5	5.9
Living common law - Widowed	715	325	395	0.7	0.7	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	37,960	18,265	19,695	38.9	38.0	39.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,365	12,815	10,555	23.9	26.7	21.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,220	610	605	1.3	1.3	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,820	3,430	4,390	8.0	7.1	8.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,550	1,400	4,150	5.7	2.9	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	21,535	...	...	64.4	...	...
3 persons	5,230	...	...	15.6	...	...
4 persons	4,520	...	...	13.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,165	...	...	6.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	29,240	...	...	87.4	...	...
Married couples	15,905	...	...	47.5	...	...
With children⁶	4,320	...	...	12.9	...	...
Without children	11,590	...	...	34.6	...	...
Common-law couples	13,335	...	...	39.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,870	...	...	17.5	...	...
Without children	7,465	...	...	22.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,215	...	...	12.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,895	...	...	8.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,320	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	110,790	55,020	55,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	88,495	44,110	44,385	79.9	80.2	79.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	58,475	29,220	29,260	52.8	53.1	52.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,215	1,315	2,895	3.8	2.4	5.2
Children⁶	25,800	13,570	12,235	23.3	24.7	21.9
In a two-parent family	19,260	10,020	9,235	17.4	18.2	16.6
In a one-parent family	6,545	3,550	2,995	5.9	6.5	5.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,295	10,910	11,390	20.1	19.8	20.4
Living alone	18,190	8,835	9,360	16.4	16.1	16.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,650	745	910	1.5	1.4	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,455	1,335	1,120	2.2	2.4	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	52,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,665	...	...	60.2	...	...
Couple-family households	27,965	...	...	53.2	...	...
With children⁶	9,675	...	...	18.4	...	...
Without children	18,290	...	...	34.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,705	...	...	7.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	455	...	...	0.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	855	...	...	1.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,275	...	...	2.4	...	...
One-person households	18,195	...	...	34.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,500	46,780	47,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,105	46,135	46,960	98.5	98.6	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	35,600	40,000	44,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,135	46,145	46,990	98.6	98.6	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,800	32,000	35,600	38,800	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,100	42,325	41,770	89.0	90.5	87.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	38,000	26,000	31,600	38,000	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,985	32,845	30,135	66.7	70.2	63.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,200	27,800	32,400	37,200	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,480	37,240	40,240	82.0	79.6	84.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	12,400	13,500	13,100	12,400	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,580	5,580	4,995	11.2	11.9	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,015	13,180	11,835	26.5	28.2	24.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,500	6,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,550	46,790	47,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,285	46,195	47,085	98.7	98.7	98.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	60,900	44,880	52,800	60,900	44,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,325	46,200	47,125	98.7	98.7	98.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,520	47,680	37,480	42,520	47,680	37,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,220	42,335	41,885	89.1	90.5	87.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	55,450	37,280	46,400	55,450	37,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,005	32,805	30,200	66.6	70.1	63.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,040	52,000	37,440	45,040	52,000	37,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,320	36,950	40,370	81.8	79.0	84.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,180	12,610	13,680	13,180	12,610	13,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,725	5,620	5,105	11.3	12.0	10.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	6,200	7,460	6,800	6,200	7,460
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,700	13,085	11,610	26.1	28.0	24.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,740	7,380	8,150	7,740	7,380	8,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,550	46,790	47,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,125	15,195	12,930	29.7	32.5	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	59,200	48,800	53,600	59,200	48,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,900	78,900	59,400	69,900	78,900	59,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,550	13,000	13,550	28.1	27.8	28.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	21,400	15,700	18,000	21,400	15,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,080	33,160	23,240	28,080	33,160	23,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	83.4	73.8	79.4	83.4	73.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.6	60.7	53.5	57.6	60.7	53.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.7	16.6	26.2	20.7	16.6	26.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.8	1.5	1.2	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.9	5.5	4.6	3.9	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.4	4.5	3.9	3.4	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,505	46,785	47,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,400	645	755	1.5	1.4	1.6
With total income	93,100	46,140	46,965	98.5	98.6	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,615	2,365	3,245	6.0	5.1	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	11,650	4,540	7,115	12.5	9.8	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	16,495	7,435	9,065	17.7	16.1	19.3
$30,000 to $39,999	12,910	5,920	6,990	13.9	12.8	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	12,075	5,910	6,170	13.0	12.8	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,385	4,920	4,465	10.1	10.7	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,825	3,920	2,910	7.3	8.5	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,780	2,785	1,995	5.1	6.0	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,350	1,965	1,385	3.6	4.3	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,385	1,400	985	2.6	3.0	2.1
$100,000 and over	7,630	4,985	2,645	8.2	10.8	5.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,765	2,985	1,785	5.1	6.5	3.8
$150,000 and over	2,860	2,000	865	3.1	4.3	1.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,505	46,785	47,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,365	635	730	1.4	1.4	1.5
With after-tax income	93,135	46,150	46,985	98.6	98.6	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,350	2,590	3,760	6.8	5.6	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	12,390	4,920	7,475	13.3	10.7	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	19,085	8,625	10,460	20.5	18.7	22.3
$30,000 to $39,999	16,125	7,785	8,340	17.3	16.9	17.8
$40,000 to $49,999	13,955	7,340	6,610	15.0	15.9	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,060	5,145	3,915	9.7	11.1	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,580	3,175	2,400	6.0	6.9	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,580	2,035	1,540	3.8	4.4	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,010	1,220	790	2.2	2.6	1.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,335	825	510	1.4	1.8	1.1
$100,000 and over	3,675	2,495	1,180	3.9	5.4	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,650	1,070	580	1.8	2.3	1.2
$125,000 and over	2,030	1,430	595	2.2	3.1	1.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,505	46,785	47,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	31,515	13,935	17,580	33.3	29.8	36.8
With employment income	62,985	32,845	30,140	66.6	70.2	63.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,025	5,205	4,820	15.9	15.8	16.0
$5,000 to $9,999	5,270	2,330	2,940	8.4	7.1	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,960	3,520	4,440	12.6	10.7	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	6,790	3,165	3,625	10.8	9.6	12.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,595	3,115	3,480	10.5	9.5	11.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,165	3,225	2,945	9.8	9.8	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,795	2,785	2,005	7.6	8.5	6.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,830	2,380	1,450	6.1	7.2	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,685	1,615	1,070	4.3	4.9	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,265	1,255	1,010	3.6	3.8	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,510	905	600	2.4	2.8	2.0
$100,000 and over	5,100	3,345	1,755	8.1	10.2	5.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,140	1,320	820	3.4	4.0	2.7
$125,000 and over	2,960	2,030	930	4.7	6.2	3.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,500	46,780	47,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,025	45,575	46,445	97.4	97.4	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,600	33,200	38,000	43,600	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,090	45,595	46,495	97.4	97.5	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,600	29,800	33,600	37,600	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,335	42,010	41,325	88.2	89.8	86.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,600	27,600	33,200	39,600	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,825	33,195	30,630	67.5	71.0	64.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,400	29,000	33,200	38,400	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,060	32,995	37,070	74.1	70.5	77.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,100	9,200	10,800	10,100	9,200	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,790	5,250	4,545	10.4	11.2	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,920	4,800	5,120	4,920	4,800	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,550	46,790	47,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,070	45,470	46,605	97.4	97.2	97.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,350	60,150	42,760	51,350	60,150	42,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,115	45,480	46,635	97.4	97.2	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,840	46,520	35,280	40,840	46,520	35,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,450	41,950	41,500	88.3	89.7	86.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,720	57,250	38,080	47,720	57,250	38,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,885	33,170	30,715	67.6	70.9	64.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,680	53,100	37,680	45,680	53,100	37,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,120	32,940	37,180	74.2	70.4	77.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,610	10,070	11,090	10,610	10,070	11,090
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,875	5,360	4,520	10.4	11.5	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,570	5,710	7,580	6,570	5,710	7,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,550	46,790	47,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,965	15,130	12,835	29.6	32.3	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	57,600	44,800	51,200	57,600	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,000	74,800	55,550	66,000	74,800	55,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,355	12,445	12,915	26.8	26.6	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	27,400	20,400	23,200	27,400	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,920	40,560	27,520	33,920	40,560	27,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.2	87.8	79.4	84.2	87.8	79.4
Employment income (%)	61.8	64.4	58.1	61.8	64.4	58.1
Government transfers (%)	15.8	12.1	20.7	15.8	12.1	20.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	52,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	18,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	52,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,700	...	...	93,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	18,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,480	...	...	50,480	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,280	...	...	41,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,600	...	...	116,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...	93,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	52,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	310	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	715	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,080	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,265	...	...	6.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,135	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,975	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,730	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,630	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,495	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,505	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,010	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,610	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,370	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,890	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,575	...	...	31.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,770	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,770	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,645	...	...	6.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,390	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	52,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	420	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	760	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,155	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,490	...	...	6.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,565	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,595	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,205	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,230	...	...	6.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,815	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,120	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,560	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,275	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,515	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,085	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,495	...	...	21.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,080	...	...	9.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,645	...	...	5.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,770	...	...	7.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,480	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,645	10,165	10,480	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	39,200	34,800	36,800	39,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,800	31,600	33,200	34,800	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,900	...	...	116,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,700	...	...	93,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,400	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,400	...	...	110,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,900	...	...	86,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,200	...	...	146,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,900	...	...	117,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,000	...	...	63,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,655	10,050	10,605	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,200	52,250	46,280	49,200	52,250	46,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,320	42,080	38,680	40,320	42,080	38,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	110,795	55,020	55,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,415	9,835	9,585	17.5	17.9	17.2
0 to 5 years	5,940	3,005	2,930	5.4	5.5	5.3
18 to 64 years	61,965	30,590	31,370	55.9	55.6	56.2
65 years and over	29,415	14,595	14,815	26.5	26.5	26.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,435	6,270	7,165	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,945	980	965	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	575	300	270	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,100	2,995	3,105	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,385	2,295	3,090	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.1	11.4	12.8	12.1	11.4	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	10.0	10.1	10.0	10.0	10.1
0 to 5 years (%)	9.7	10.1	9.3	9.7	10.1	9.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.8	9.9	9.9	9.8	9.9
65 years and over (%)	18.3	15.7	20.9	18.3	15.7	20.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	110,790	55,020	55,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,415	9,835	9,585	17.5	17.9	17.2
0 to 5 years	5,940	3,010	2,930	5.4	5.5	5.3
18 to 64 years	61,965	30,595	31,370	55.9	55.6	56.2
65 years and over	29,410	14,595	14,820	26.5	26.5	26.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,830	1,465	1,360	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	340	165	180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	50	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,100	1,135	970	...	...	...
65 years and over	385	170	215	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.9
0 to 5 years (%)	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.7	3.1	3.4	3.7	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	110,795	55,020	55,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	64,830	31,550	33,280	58.5	57.3	59.7
In bottom decile	10,705	5,090	5,615	9.7	9.3	10.1
In second decile	13,560	6,415	7,150	12.2	11.7	12.8
In third decile	13,900	6,750	7,155	12.5	12.3	12.8
In fourth decile	13,910	6,895	7,015	12.6	12.5	12.6
In fifth decile	12,750	6,400	6,345	11.5	11.6	11.4
In top half of the distribution	45,960	23,465	22,495	41.5	42.6	40.3
In sixth decile	11,570	5,900	5,665	10.4	10.7	10.2
In seventh decile	10,235	5,225	5,005	9.2	9.5	9.0
In eighth decile	9,170	4,665	4,505	8.3	8.5	8.1
In ninth decile	7,445	3,790	3,650	6.7	6.9	6.5
In top decile	7,555	3,885	3,670	6.8	7.1	6.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	110,790	...	...	110,790	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.354	...	...	0.354	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.490	...	...	0.490	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.299	...	...	0.299	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,210	55,500	56,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	5,285	2,685	2,600	4.7	4.8	4.6
French only	48,025	22,510	25,510	42.8	40.6	45.0
English and French	58,785	30,240	28,545	52.4	54.5	50.3
Neither English nor French	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,210	55,500	56,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	15,480	7,690	7,790	13.8	13.9	13.7
French	95,355	47,145	48,210	85.0	84.9	85.0
English and French	1,270	600	665	1.1	1.1	1.2
Neither English nor French	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,210	55,500	56,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,330	54,120	55,210	97.4	97.5	97.4
Official languages	106,805	52,865	53,935	95.2	95.3	95.1
English	13,815	6,900	6,915	12.3	12.4	12.2
French	92,980	45,960	47,020	82.9	82.8	82.9
Non-official languages	2,530	1,255	1,275	2.3	2.3	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,525	1,250	1,275	2.3	2.3	2.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,980	990	990	1.8	1.8	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	605	295	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	445	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	355	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	940	485	460	0.8	0.9	0.8
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	210	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	560	285	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,875	1,380	1,495	2.6	2.5	2.6
English and French	2,395	1,150	1,245	2.1	2.1	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,210	55,500	56,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,080	6,020	6,060	10.8	10.8	10.7
French	88,785	43,885	44,905	79.1	79.1	79.2
Non-official language	410	225	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	405	220	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	8,850	4,385	4,470	7.9	7.9	7.9
English and non-official language(s)	370	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	700	355	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	980	455	525	0.9	0.8	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,210	55,500	56,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,520	54,200	55,315	97.6	97.7	97.5
Official languages	108,700	53,780	54,915	96.9	96.9	96.8
English	14,710	7,285	7,425	13.1	13.1	13.1
French	93,990	46,495	47,495	83.8	83.8	83.8
Non-official languages	815	415	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	815	415	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	610	315	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	375	210	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	295	170	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,695	1,300	1,390	2.4	2.3	2.5
English and French	2,320	1,130	1,190	2.1	2.0	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,210	55,500	56,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	103,740	51,315	52,425	92.5	92.5	92.5
English	4,590	2,295	2,295	4.1	4.1	4.0
French	2,395	1,170	1,225	2.1	2.1	2.2
Non-official language	705	350	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	700	350	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	360	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	250	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	110,790	55,060	55,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	110,665	54,995	55,680	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	63,700	32,885	30,810	57.5	59.7	55.3
French	105,480	52,365	53,115	95.2	95.1	95.3
Non-official languages	7,485	3,445	4,040	6.8	6.3	7.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,470	3,440	4,035	6.7	6.2	7.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,680	3,090	3,580	6.0	5.6	6.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	400	185	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	390	180	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,280	610	670	1.2	1.1	1.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,030	500	535	0.9	0.9	1.0
German	950	465	485	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	215	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	160	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Scandinavian languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,095	2,330	2,765	4.6	4.2	5.0
Catalan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	695	350	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	230	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	4,340	1,960	2,385	3.9	3.6	4.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,790	55,060	55,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,045	1,025	1,015	1.8	1.9	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,930	965	965	1.7	1.8	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,275	610	660	1.2	1.1	1.2
Métis	630	340	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	108,750	54,035	54,715	98.2	98.1	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,790	55,060	55,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	230	90	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	110,555	54,970	55,590	99.8	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	52,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	36,990	...	...	70.3	...	...
Renter	15,590	...	...	29.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	52,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,885	...	...	9.3	...	...
Not condominium	47,695	...	...	90.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	52,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	5,790	...	...	11.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,035	...	...	32.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,565	...	...	35.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,060	...	...	21.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	52,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,625	...	...	27.8	...	...
5 rooms	9,800	...	...	18.6	...	...
6 rooms	6,970	...	...	13.3	...	...
7 rooms	6,640	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,545	...	...	27.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	52,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	52,335	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	52,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	51,625	...	...	98.2	...	...
Not suitable	955	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	52,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,880	...	...	22.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,195	...	...	25.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,430	...	...	12.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,700	...	...	8.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,460	...	...	6.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,270	...	...	8.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,905	...	...	7.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,740	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	52,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	49,410	...	...	94.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,170	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	52,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,805	...	...	54.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,895	...	...	43.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	880	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	52,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	920	...	...	1.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,815	...	...	9.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,230	...	...	13.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,865	...	...	15.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,445	...	...	23.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,795	...	...	22.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,955	...	...	11.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,545	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	51,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,845	...	...	86.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,035	...	...	13.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,510	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	52,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,555	...	...	20.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,530	...	...	12.4	...	...
Not suitable only	820	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,620	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	450	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	42,020	...	...	79.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,610	...	...	3.1	...	...
Not in core need	49,750	...	...	96.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	36,425	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.1	...	...	57.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,047	...	...	1,047	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	392,800	...	...	392,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,515	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.0	...	...	23.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	700	...	...	700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	776	...	...	776	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	110,795	55,065	55,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,625	745	875	1.5	1.4	1.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,620	740	875	1.5	1.3	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,390	630	755	1.3	1.1	1.4
Métis single ancestry	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,540	1,725	1,815	3.2	3.1	3.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,515	1,710	1,810	3.2	3.1	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,240	1,535	1,705	2.9	2.8	3.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255	160	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	105,625	52,595	53,035	95.3	95.5	95.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	110,795	55,065	55,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	109,260	54,285	54,970	98.6	98.6	98.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,205	9,870	9,335	17.3	17.9	16.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	90,050	44,420	45,635	81.3	80.7	81.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,535	780	755	1.4	1.4	1.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	110,795	55,065	55,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	105,160	52,290	52,865	94.9	95.0	94.9
Immigrants⁸¹	5,220	2,525	2,690	4.7	4.6	4.8
Before 1980	1,995	1,035	960	1.8	1.9	1.7
1980 to 1990	650	295	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
1991 to 2000	690	330	365	0.6	0.6	0.7
2001 to 2010	895	395	495	0.8	0.7	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	985	470	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
2011 to 2015	570	260	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
2016 to 2021	415	210	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	415	245	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,225	2,525	2,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	650	345	305	12.4	13.7	11.3
5 to 14 years	870	410	455	16.7	16.2	16.9
15 to 24 years	1,030	470	565	19.7	18.6	21.0
25 to 44 years	2,280	1,110	1,170	43.6	44.0	43.4
45 years and over	385	190	200	7.4	7.5	7.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,225	2,525	2,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,105	485	625	21.1	19.2	23.2
Brazil	25	0	25	0.5	0.0	0.9
Colombia	70	30	45	1.3	1.2	1.7
El Salvador	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	45	25	25	0.9	1.0	0.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	90	45	40	1.7	1.8	1.5
Peru	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	580	250	330	11.1	9.9	12.2
Other places of birth in Americas	235	105	125	4.5	4.2	4.6
Europe	3,270	1,670	1,605	62.6	66.1	59.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
France	1,515	825	690	29.0	32.7	25.6
Germany	240	100	145	4.6	4.0	5.4
Greece	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hungary	25	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.7
Italy	165	95	70	3.2	3.8	2.6
Netherlands	55	20	35	1.1	0.8	1.3
Poland	55	15	40	1.1	0.6	1.5
Portugal	80	45	40	1.5	1.8	1.5
Romania	45	15	25	0.9	0.6	0.9
Russian Federation	35	15	20	0.7	0.6	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	280	150	125	5.4	5.9	4.6
Other places of birth in Europe	715	350	360	13.7	13.9	13.4
Africa	385	205	175	7.4	8.1	6.5
Algeria	45	25	25	0.9	1.0	0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	30	25	1.0	1.2	0.9
Egypt	45	35	0	0.9	1.4	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	65	35	35	1.2	1.4	1.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	150	80	70	2.9	3.2	2.6
Asia	425	135	285	8.1	5.3	10.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	0	25	0.6	0.0	0.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	15	15	0.6	0.6	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	15	10	0.4	0.6	0.4
China⁹⁰	115	35	75	2.2	1.4	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Philippines	60	10	50	1.1	0.4	1.9
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	100	25	75	1.9	1.0	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	35	30	10	0.7	1.2	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	415	215	200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	140	65	80	33.7	30.2	40.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	10	0	2.4	4.7	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	10	0	3.6	4.7	0.0
United States of America	50	15	35	12.0	7.0	17.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	30	15	10.8	14.0	7.5
Europe	160	110	50	38.6	51.2	25.0
France	140	100	40	33.7	46.5	20.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	2.4	0.0	5.0
Africa	50	25	30	12.0	11.6	15.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15	3.6	0.0	7.5
Asia	50	10	45	12.0	4.7	22.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	3.6	0.0	5.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	10	4.8	0.0	5.0
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	0	3.6	4.7	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	2.4	4.7	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	110,790	55,060	55,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,370	3,110	3,260	5.7	5.6	5.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,265	3,095	3,165	5.7	5.6	5.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	98,160	48,855	49,300	88.6	88.7	88.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,230	1,495	1,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,830	925	905	56.7	61.9	52.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,070	650	415	33.1	43.5	24.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	760	270	485	23.5	18.1	28.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,195	480	720	37.0	32.1	41.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	180	80	100	5.6	5.4	5.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	15	10	0.6	1.0	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,230	1,495	1,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	85	40	45	2.6	2.7	2.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	550	355	195	17.0	23.7	11.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	120	60	65	3.7	4.0	3.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	195	100	95	6.0	6.7	5.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	85	25	60	2.6	1.7	3.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,190	915	1,275	67.8	61.2	73.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	110,790	55,060	55,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,010	950	1,065	1.8	1.7	1.9
South Asian	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	270	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Black	615	310	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Filipino	90	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	155	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	415	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	145	35	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	108,780	54,110	54,665	98.2	98.3	98.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	110,790	55,060	55,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	39,000	19,325	19,680	35.2	35.1	35.3
English	5,065	2,515	2,555	4.6	4.6	4.6
Irish	8,375	3,990	4,385	7.6	7.2	7.9
Scottish	4,260	2,075	2,185	3.8	3.8	3.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	31,515	15,805	15,710	28.4	28.7	28.2
German	2,655	1,290	1,365	2.4	2.3	2.4
Chinese	315	130	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italian	2,335	1,165	1,170	2.1	2.1	2.1
Indian (India)	235	80	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
Ukrainian	350	155	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	660	305	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Polish	785	350	435	0.7	0.6	0.8
Québécois	12,845	6,480	6,365	11.6	11.8	11.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,000	485	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Filipino	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	8,965	4,405	4,555	8.1	8.0	8.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,065	1,605	1,460	2.8	2.9	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,185	1,000	1,185	2.0	1.8	2.1
Métis	480	280	195	0.4	0.5	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,415	725	685	1.3	1.3	1.2
Russian	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norwegian	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	360	150	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	295	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
American	1,130	575	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
Spanish	625	285	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swedish	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	185	65	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Acadian	970	460	510	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	205	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,315	685	625	1.2	1.2	1.1
Danish	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	470	205	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	1,210	635	575	1.1	1.2	1.0
Haitian	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	715	345	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Finnish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	85	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	260	140	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombian	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	45	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	435	225	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	475	215	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	220	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Norman	235	80	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	110,790	55,065	55,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	75,225	36,690	38,535	67.9	66.6	69.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,030	2,080	1,950	3.6	3.8	3.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,160	1,005	1,160	1.9	1.8	2.1
Baptist	300	135	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catholic	64,525	31,410	33,120	58.2	57.0	59.4
Christian Orthodox	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	470	210	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,155	545	605	1.0	1.0	1.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,965	1,015	950	1.8	1.8	1.7
Hindu	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Muslim	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	275	110	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	34,660	17,950	16,710	31.3	32.6	30.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	109,835	54,580	55,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	96,035	47,915	48,125	87.4	87.8	87.1
Movers	13,800	6,665	7,135	12.6	12.2	12.9
Non-migrants	4,785	2,260	2,520	4.4	4.1	4.6
Migrants	9,015	4,400	4,615	8.2	8.1	8.4
Internal migrants	8,765	4,255	4,510	8.0	7.8	8.2
Intraprovincial migrants	8,545	4,145	4,400	7.8	7.6	8.0
Interprovincial migrants	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	245	150	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,910	52,550	53,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	61,720	31,050	30,680	58.3	59.1	57.5
Movers	44,180	21,500	22,680	41.7	40.9	42.5
Non-migrants	12,160	5,825	6,330	11.5	11.1	11.9
Migrants	32,025	15,675	16,350	30.2	29.8	30.6
Internal migrants	30,990	15,150	15,835	29.3	28.8	29.7
Intraprovincial migrants	30,080	14,710	15,365	28.4	28.0	28.8
Interprovincial migrants	915	440	475	0.9	0.8	0.9
External migrants	1,030	520	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,550	46,790	47,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,400	11,750	8,660	21.6	25.1	18.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,145	35,045	39,105	78.4	74.9	81.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,115	27,385	28,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,685	5,385	3,300	15.5	19.7	11.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,430	22,000	25,430	84.5	80.3	88.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,550	46,790	47,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,085	10,015	8,075	19.1	21.4	16.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,880	10,310	11,575	23.1	22.0	24.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,585	26,470	28,115	57.7	56.6	58.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,460	17,500	16,960	36.4	37.4	35.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,065	9,710	6,360	17.0	20.8	13.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,510	6,060	5,450	12.2	13.0	11.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,555	3,650	900	4.8	7.8	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,230	6,535	8,695	16.1	14.0	18.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,170	1,260	1,910	3.4	2.7	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,120	8,970	11,150	21.3	19.2	23.3
Bachelor's degree	12,580	5,535	7,045	13.3	11.8	14.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,715	660	1,055	1.8	1.4	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	725	385	340	0.8	0.8	0.7
Master's degree	4,350	1,960	2,395	4.6	4.2	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	750	435	315	0.8	0.9	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,115	27,390	28,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,250	4,330	2,925	12.9	15.8	10.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,435	5,585	5,845	20.4	20.4	20.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,425	17,465	19,960	66.7	63.8	69.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,625	11,945	11,675	42.1	43.6	40.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,675	6,970	4,705	20.8	25.4	16.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,475	4,365	4,105	15.1	15.9	14.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,200	2,600	600	5.7	9.5	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,185	4,275	5,905	18.2	15.6	20.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,765	700	1,070	3.1	2.6	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,805	5,520	8,285	24.6	20.2	28.8
Bachelor's degree	8,820	3,610	5,210	15.7	13.2	18.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,045	310	740	1.9	1.1	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480	185	290	0.9	0.7	1.0
Master's degree	3,005	1,195	1,810	5.4	4.4	6.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	455	215	235	0.8	0.8	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,545	46,795	47,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,970	20,325	19,650	42.3	43.4	41.1
Education	4,315	1,150	3,165	4.6	2.5	6.6
13. Education	4,315	1,150	3,165	4.6	2.5	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,190	835	1,355	2.3	1.8	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	220	155	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,975	680	1,295	2.1	1.5	2.7
Humanities	3,025	1,200	1,820	3.2	2.6	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	400	110	290	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,495	600	895	1.6	1.3	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	125	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	215	130	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	440	115	330	0.5	0.2	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,255	1,695	3,560	5.6	3.6	7.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	710	165	540	0.8	0.4	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	940	85	860	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,060	395	670	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	25	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	855	210	645	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,485	810	675	1.6	1.7	1.4
Business, management and public administration	11,940	4,415	7,525	12.6	9.4	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	635	110	530	0.7	0.2	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,290	4,295	6,995	11.9	9.2	14.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,590	860	730	1.7	1.8	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	575	255	320	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	360	210	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	375	280	100	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,315	830	490	1.4	1.8	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,045	720	325	1.1	1.5	0.7
25. Library science	160	25	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	75	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,570	10,560	1,005	12.2	22.6	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	500	325	175	0.5	0.7	0.4
14. Engineering	1,780	1,500	280	1.9	3.2	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,100	1,805	290	2.2	3.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,805	2,715	90	3.0	5.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,315	2,255	60	2.4	4.8	0.1
48. Precision production	2,070	1,965	105	2.2	4.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,055	1,100	950	2.2	2.4	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,595	840	755	1.7	1.8	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	465	265	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	7,005	1,470	5,540	7.4	3.1	11.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	535	295	240	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,235	1,050	5,185	6.6	2.2	10.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	230	120	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,285	2,345	1,940	4.5	5.0	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,380	700	1,670	2.5	1.5	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	840	715	130	0.9	1.5	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,040	910	135	1.1	1.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,115	27,385	28,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,690	9,915	8,775	33.3	36.2	30.5
Education	2,415	560	1,850	4.3	2.0	6.4
13. Education	2,415	560	1,850	4.3	2.0	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,635	610	1,025	2.9	2.2	3.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	105	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,470	500	970	2.6	1.8	3.4
Humanities	1,620	610	1,010	2.9	2.2	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	205	45	160	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	830	345	485	1.5	1.3	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	270	60	210	0.5	0.2	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,720	970	2,745	6.6	3.5	9.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	590	115	470	1.1	0.4	1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	765	50	720	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	650	175	470	1.2	0.6	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	600	120	480	1.1	0.4	1.7
45. Social sciences	985	495	490	1.8	1.8	1.7
Business, management and public administration	8,150	2,710	5,440	14.5	9.9	18.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	390	50	340	0.7	0.2	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,755	2,660	5,095	13.8	9.7	17.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,000	525	480	1.8	1.9	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	410	170	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	115	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	275	190	85	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	950	625	325	1.7	2.3	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	815	560	255	1.5	2.0	0.9
25. Library science	70	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,350	7,480	870	14.9	27.3	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	310	180	130	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	1,370	1,110	260	2.4	4.1	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,540	1,285	250	2.7	4.7	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,975	1,900	75	3.5	6.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,610	1,565	45	2.9	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,545	1,445	100	2.8	5.3	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,585	785	795	2.8	2.9	2.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,220	600	620	2.2	2.2	2.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	360	185	180	0.6	0.7	0.6
Health and related fields	4,740	855	3,890	8.4	3.1	13.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	385	185	195	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,200	610	3,595	7.5	2.2	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	55	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,220	1,725	1,500	5.7	6.3	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,740	485	1,260	3.1	1.8	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	690	570	120	1.2	2.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	775	655	120	1.4	2.4	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,115	27,385	28,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,690	9,915	8,775	33.3	36.2	30.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,430	17,470	19,960	66.7	63.8	69.5
Location of study inside Canada	35,695	16,575	19,120	63.6	60.5	66.6
Same as province or territory of residence	34,640	16,080	18,550	61.7	58.7	64.6
Different than province or territory of residence	1,060	490	565	1.9	1.8	2.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,730	895	840	3.1	3.3	2.9
Americas	440	225	210	0.8	0.8	0.7
United States of America	290	160	130	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mexico	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,055	535	515	1.9	2.0	1.8
Belgium	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
France	710	400	310	1.3	1.5	1.1
Germany	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	105	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,550	46,790	47,760	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,495	28,755	26,740	...	...	...
Employed	52,085	26,940	25,145	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,415	1,815	1,600	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	39,055	18,035	21,020	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.7	61.5	56.0	58.7	61.5	56.0
Employment rate	55.1	57.6	52.6	55.1	57.6	52.6
Unemployment rate	6.2	6.3	6.0	6.2	6.3	6.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,545	46,795	47,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	37,630	17,235	20,395	39.8	36.8	42.7
Worked	56,915	29,555	27,365	60.2	63.2	57.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,020	15,775	13,245	30.7	33.7	27.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,900	13,785	14,115	29.5	29.5	29.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	41.8	40.9	41.4	41.8	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,500	28,755	26,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	395	445	1.5	1.4	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	54,655	28,360	26,290	98.5	98.6	98.3
Employee	44,815	22,765	22,050	80.7	79.2	82.5
Permanent position	37,470	19,285	18,185	67.5	67.1	68.0
Temporary position	7,345	3,485	3,865	13.2	12.1	14.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,040	760	1,280	3.7	2.6	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,310	2,725	2,580	9.6	9.5	9.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,840	5,595	4,245	17.7	19.5	15.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,500	28,755	26,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	395	445	1.5	1.4	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	54,655	28,360	26,290	98.5	98.6	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,560	1,105	450	2.8	3.8	1.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,205	2,365	5,845	14.8	8.2	21.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,235	2,290	950	5.8	8.0	3.6
3 Health occupations	4,250	745	3,505	7.7	2.6	13.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,960	1,755	4,205	10.7	6.1	15.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,700	805	900	3.1	2.8	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	13,320	5,700	7,615	24.0	19.8	28.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,325	9,375	955	18.6	32.6	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,445	1,785	665	4.4	6.2	2.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,650	2,440	1,205	6.6	8.5	4.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,500	28,755	26,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	395	445	1.5	1.4	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	54,655	28,360	26,290	98.5	98.6	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,335	1,455	880	4.2	5.1	3.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	100	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	285	220	70	0.5	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	4,485	3,955	535	8.1	13.8	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	8,225	5,605	2,620	14.8	19.5	9.8
41 Wholesale trade	1,765	1,145	615	3.2	4.0	2.3
44-45 Retail trade	6,285	2,815	3,475	11.3	9.8	13.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,945	1,455	490	3.5	5.1	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	725	425	295	1.3	1.5	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,315	510	805	2.4	1.8	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	780	465	310	1.4	1.6	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,965	2,010	1,960	7.1	7.0	7.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,290	1,290	1,000	4.1	4.5	3.7
61 Educational services	3,460	1,045	2,415	6.2	3.6	9.0
62 Health care and social assistance	6,650	1,100	5,545	12.0	3.8	20.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,620	820	805	2.9	2.9	3.0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,135	1,355	1,785	5.6	4.7	6.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,580	1,195	1,385	4.6	4.2	5.2
91 Public administration	2,680	1,390	1,285	4.8	4.8	4.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	60,460	31,345	29,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,560	1,990	1,575	5.9	6.3	5.4
French	39,230	20,330	18,895	64.9	64.9	64.9
Non-official language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	17,130	8,730	8,400	28.3	27.9	28.8
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	335	185	150	0.6	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	60,460	31,345	29,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,635	29,945	27,695	95.3	95.5	95.1
Official languages	57,580	29,915	27,665	95.2	95.4	95.0
English	6,500	3,580	2,920	10.8	11.4	10.0
French	51,080	26,335	24,745	84.5	84.0	85.0
Non-official languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,825	1,400	1,425	4.7	4.5	4.9
English and French	2,740	1,360	1,375	4.5	4.3	4.7
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	60,460	31,345	29,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	45,565	23,700	21,870	75.4	75.6	75.1
English	11,620	5,885	5,740	19.2	18.8	19.7
French	2,865	1,540	1,325	4.7	4.9	4.6
Non-official language	170	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	170	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	150	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	52,080	26,940	25,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,870	4,625	5,245	19.0	17.2	20.9
Worked outside Canada	185	105	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
No fixed workplace address	6,015	4,440	1,580	11.5	16.5	6.3
Usual place of work	36,020	17,765	18,250	69.2	65.9	72.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,020	17,765	18,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,580	6,160	7,420	37.7	34.7	40.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,090	4,380	4,710	25.2	24.7	25.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,290	7,180	6,105	36.9	40.4	33.5
Commute to a different province or territory	55	45	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,035	22,205	19,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	38,635	20,580	18,055	91.9	92.7	91.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,475	19,510	16,970	86.8	87.9	85.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,160	1,070	1,090	5.1	4.8	5.5
Public transit	225	105	120	0.5	0.5	0.6
Walked	2,295	1,015	1,285	5.5	4.6	6.5
Bicycle	290	225	65	0.7	1.0	0.3
Other method	585	285	305	1.4	1.3	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,035	22,205	19,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,940	7,775	8,160	37.9	35.0	41.1
15 to 29 minutes	13,195	6,850	6,345	31.4	30.8	32.0
30 to 44 minutes	7,780	4,335	3,445	18.5	19.5	17.4
45 to 59 minutes	2,430	1,395	1,035	5.8	6.3	5.2
60 minutes and over	2,695	1,850	845	6.4	8.3	4.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,035	22,205	19,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,625	1,990	625	6.2	9.0	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,485	5,750	2,735	20.2	25.9	13.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,355	6,745	6,615	31.8	30.4	33.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,355	3,290	5,065	19.9	14.8	25.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,645	1,315	2,335	8.7	5.9	11.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,570	3,115	2,450	13.3	14.0	12.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,765	10,015	9,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,265	2,155	2,105	21.6	21.5	21.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,500	7,860	7,640	78.4	78.5	78.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,550	7,375	7,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,210	1,640	1,570	22.1	22.2	21.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,330	1,180	1,145	16.0	16.0	15.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	885	460	425	6.1	6.2	5.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,340	5,735	5,610	77.9	77.8	78.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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