Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Boisbriand, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	28,308	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	26,884	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	11,769	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	11,425	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,022.9	...	...	1,022.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	27.67	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	28,310	13,975	14,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5,545	2,750	2,795	19.6	19.7	19.5
0 to 4 years	1,780	925	850	6.3	6.6	5.9
5 to 9 years	1,900	900	1,000	6.7	6.4	7.0
10 to 14 years	1,865	925	940	6.6	6.6	6.6
15 to 64 years	18,435	9,220	9,220	65.1	66.0	64.3
15 to 19 years	1,655	850	805	5.8	6.1	5.6
20 to 24 years	1,745	950	800	6.2	6.8	5.6
25 to 29 years	1,825	925	900	6.4	6.6	6.3
30 to 34 years	1,715	875	840	6.1	6.3	5.9
35 to 39 years	1,720	840	875	6.1	6.0	6.1
40 to 44 years	1,710	835	875	6.0	6.0	6.1
45 to 49 years	1,730	850	885	6.1	6.1	6.2
50 to 54 years	1,910	930	980	6.7	6.7	6.8
55 to 59 years	2,340	1,135	1,210	8.3	8.1	8.4
60 to 64 years	2,090	1,040	1,055	7.4	7.4	7.4
65 years and over	4,325	2,005	2,320	15.3	14.3	16.2
65 to 69 years	1,495	730	765	5.3	5.2	5.3
70 to 74 years	1,125	525	600	4.0	3.8	4.2
75 to 79 years	890	390	500	3.1	2.8	3.5
80 to 84 years	510	235	275	1.8	1.7	1.9
85 years and over	305	125	180	1.1	0.9	1.3
85 to 89 years	220	90	125	0.8	0.6	0.9
90 to 94 years	75	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
95 to 99 years	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	19.7	19.5	19.6	19.7	19.5
15 to 64 years	65.1	66.0	64.3	65.1	66.0	64.3
65 years and over	15.3	14.3	16.2	15.3	14.3	16.2
85 years and over	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.3
Average age of the population	39.6	39.0	40.2	39.6	39.0	40.2
Median age of the population	40.0	38.8	40.8	40.0	38.8	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	5,355	...	...	46.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	630	...	...	5.5	...	...
Row house	760	...	...	6.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	150	...	...	1.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,445	...	...	38.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	75	...	...	0.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,255	...	...	28.5	...	...
2 persons	3,930	...	...	34.4	...	...
3 persons	1,790	...	...	15.7	...	...
4 persons	1,520	...	...	13.3	...	...
5 or more persons	935	...	...	8.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	28,265	13,955	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	22,765	11,220	11,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	13,445	6,700	6,740	59.1	59.7	58.4
Married	7,960	3,975	3,985	35.0	35.4	34.5
Living common-law	5,485	2,730	2,750	24.1	24.3	23.8
Living common law - Never married	4,305	2,135	2,165	18.9	19.0	18.8
Living common law - Separated	65	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,025	530	500	4.5	4.7	4.3
Living common law - Widowed	95	40	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	9,320	4,525	4,795	40.9	40.3	41.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,530	3,570	2,955	28.7	31.8	25.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	340	155	180	1.5	1.4	1.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,545	550	990	6.8	4.9	8.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	910	245	665	4.0	2.2	5.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	7,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,960	...	...	49.6	...	...
3 persons	1,735	...	...	21.7	...	...
4 persons	1,485	...	...	18.6	...	...
5 or more persons	805	...	...	10.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	7,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	6,645	...	...	83.2	...	...
Married couples	3,905	...	...	48.9	...	...
With children⁶	2,080	...	...	26.0	...	...
Without children	1,820	...	...	22.8	...	...
Common-law couples	2,740	...	...	34.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,410	...	...	17.6	...	...
Without children	1,330	...	...	16.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,345	...	...	16.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	980	...	...	12.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	360	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	28,270	13,955	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	24,000	11,935	12,065	84.9	85.5	84.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	13,295	6,635	6,660	47.0	47.5	46.5
Parents in one-parent families	1,340	360	985	4.7	2.6	6.9
Children⁶	9,370	4,950	4,420	33.1	35.5	30.9
In a two-parent family	7,345	3,830	3,515	26.0	27.4	24.6
In a one-parent family	2,025	1,120	900	7.2	8.0	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,265	2,020	2,245	15.1	14.5	15.7
Living alone	3,255	1,490	1,760	11.5	10.7	12.3
Living with other relatives⁷	455	200	255	1.6	1.4	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	555	320	235	2.0	2.3	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	7,445	...	...	65.2	...	...
Couple-family households	6,285	...	...	55.0	...	...
With children⁶	3,305	...	...	28.9	...	...
Without children	2,985	...	...	26.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,160	...	...	10.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	180	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	220	...	...	1.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	290	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	3,255	...	...	28.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	22,725	11,210	11,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,185	10,965	11,225	97.6	97.8	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	48,000	40,400	44,000	48,000	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,195	10,970	11,225	97.7	97.9	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	41,600	36,000	38,800	41,600	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,525	10,355	10,170	90.3	92.4	88.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,600	29,600	35,600	41,600	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,315	8,990	8,325	76.2	80.2	72.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,600	32,400	36,800	41,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,785	8,310	9,475	78.3	74.1	82.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	9,500	12,000	10,800	9,500	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,780	1,345	1,435	12.2	12.0	12.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,280	6,000	5,680	5,280	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,300	3,920	3,385	32.1	35.0	29.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,500	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	22,725	11,190	11,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,170	10,915	11,265	97.6	97.5	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,100	60,700	47,760	54,100	60,700	47,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,185	10,920	11,265	97.6	97.6	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,240	48,160	40,440	44,240	48,160	40,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,415	10,320	10,095	89.8	92.2	87.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,480	55,350	39,440	47,480	55,350	39,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,320	9,005	8,315	76.2	80.5	72.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,520	52,350	40,240	46,520	52,350	40,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,700	8,220	9,485	77.9	73.5	82.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,020	11,050	14,740	13,020	11,050	14,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,770	1,350	1,420	12.2	12.1	12.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,490	6,105	8,810	7,490	6,105	8,810
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,275	3,860	3,415	32.0	34.5	29.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,930	7,460	8,460	7,930	7,460	8,460
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	22,720	11,190	11,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,915	4,335	3,580	34.8	38.7	31.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	67,000	54,800	62,000	67,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,200	76,600	62,350	70,200	76,600	62,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,335	3,545	3,795	32.3	31.7	32.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	21,800	17,200	19,600	21,800	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,240	33,440	25,320	29,240	33,440	25,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	86.2	74.0	80.8	86.2	74.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.2	71.2	62.2	67.2	71.2	62.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	13.7	26.0	19.2	13.7	26.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.3	2.3	1.7	1.3	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.8	6.3	5.5	4.8	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.4	5.4	4.8	4.4	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	22,725	11,210	11,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	535	245	295	2.4	2.2	2.6
With total income	22,185	10,960	11,220	97.6	97.8	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,340	600	740	6.0	5.5	6.6
$10,000 to $19,999	2,460	1,065	1,395	11.1	9.7	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	3,285	1,435	1,850	14.8	13.1	16.5
$30,000 to $39,999	2,890	1,315	1,575	13.0	12.0	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	2,815	1,325	1,490	12.7	12.1	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	2,315	1,130	1,180	10.4	10.3	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,740	930	815	7.8	8.5	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,360	735	620	6.1	6.7	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,125	605	525	5.1	5.5	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	775	425	345	3.5	3.9	3.1
$100,000 and over	2,095	1,400	690	9.4	12.8	6.1
$100,000 to $149,999	1,510	960	555	6.8	8.8	4.9
$150,000 and over	580	445	140	2.6	4.1	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	22,725	11,210	11,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	530	240	285	2.3	2.1	2.5
With after-tax income	22,195	10,965	11,225	97.7	97.8	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,435	635	805	6.5	5.8	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	2,610	1,135	1,475	11.8	10.4	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	3,910	1,725	2,180	17.6	15.7	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	3,675	1,720	1,955	16.6	15.7	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	3,345	1,685	1,655	15.1	15.4	14.7
$50,000 to $59,999	2,415	1,305	1,110	10.9	11.9	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,730	915	815	7.8	8.3	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,110	600	515	5.0	5.5	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	675	385	290	3.0	3.5	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	425	275	150	1.9	2.5	1.3
$100,000 and over	860	590	275	3.9	5.4	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	495	320	175	2.2	2.9	1.6
$125,000 and over	365	270	95	1.6	2.5	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	22,725	11,210	11,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	5,405	2,215	3,190	23.8	19.8	27.7
With employment income	17,320	8,995	8,320	76.2	80.2	72.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,160	1,180	980	12.5	13.1	11.8
$5,000 to $9,999	1,450	655	795	8.4	7.3	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	2,335	1,065	1,265	13.5	11.8	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	1,625	710	910	9.4	7.9	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	1,630	755	880	9.4	8.4	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	1,645	800	845	9.5	8.9	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	1,365	710	660	7.9	7.9	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,175	665	505	6.8	7.4	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	955	540	410	5.5	6.0	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	850	470	380	4.9	5.2	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	540	325	220	3.1	3.6	2.6
$100,000 and over	1,590	1,125	465	9.2	12.5	5.6
$100,000 to $124,999	770	515	260	4.4	5.7	3.1
$125,000 and over	820	610	210	4.7	6.8	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	22,725	11,210	11,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,555	10,640	10,915	94.9	94.9	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	47,600	38,400	42,400	47,600	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,575	10,640	10,935	94.9	94.9	95.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,800	34,000	37,200	40,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,025	10,130	9,895	88.1	90.4	85.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,400	31,400	37,600	44,400	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,110	8,880	8,230	75.3	79.2	71.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,400	34,400	38,800	44,400	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,690	6,995	8,695	69.0	62.4	75.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	4,280	8,500	6,600	4,280	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,375	1,130	1,240	10.5	10.1	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,600	4,000	5,480	4,600	4,000	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	22,725	11,190	11,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,475	10,540	10,930	94.5	94.2	94.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,350	60,550	44,440	52,350	60,550	44,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,490	10,540	10,945	94.6	94.2	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,360	47,400	37,520	42,360	47,400	37,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,990	10,080	9,915	88.0	90.1	86.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,760	58,050	39,280	48,760	58,050	39,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,160	8,830	8,330	75.5	78.9	72.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,720	54,700	40,360	47,720	54,700	40,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,530	6,795	8,735	68.3	60.7	75.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,660	7,880	11,040	9,660	7,880	11,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,405	1,195	1,220	10.6	10.7	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,910	5,310	8,480	6,910	5,310	8,480
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	22,720	11,190	11,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,855	4,295	3,560	34.6	38.4	30.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	65,000	50,800	58,800	65,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,300	74,700	58,400	67,300	74,700	58,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,900	3,305	3,590	30.4	29.5	31.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	30,200	20,200	23,800	30,200	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,160	41,440	29,360	35,160	41,440	29,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	91.6	80.2	86.6	91.6	80.2
Employment income (%)	72.8	75.6	69.2	72.8	75.6	69.2
Government transfers (%)	13.4	8.4	19.8	13.4	8.4	19.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.0	2.1	1.5	1.0	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	11,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,255	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	8,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	11,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,900	...	...	85,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,080	...	...	45,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	8,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,300	...	...	124,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	105	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	430	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	335	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	320	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	395	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	450	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	490	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	855	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	895	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	760	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	775	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	675	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,785	...	...	41.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,540	...	...	13.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,035	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,265	...	...	11.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	945	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	65	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	120	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	470	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	410	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	425	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	530	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	555	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	545	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,085	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	995	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	925	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	875	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	805	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,505	...	...	30.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,430	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	880	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,200	...	...	10.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,280	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,810	1,815	1,995	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	47,600	39,600	43,600	47,600	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	40,800	35,600	38,000	40,800	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,900	...	...	124,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,300	...	...	102,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,600	...	...	107,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,900	...	...	86,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,200	...	...	152,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,100	...	...	125,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,280	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,820	1,810	2,010	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,100	60,050	48,720	54,100	60,050	48,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,800	47,520	40,400	43,800	47,520	40,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	28,265	13,960	14,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,540	3,250	3,290	23.1	23.3	23.0
0 to 5 years	2,170	1,100	1,065	7.7	7.9	7.4
18 to 64 years	17,430	8,710	8,720	61.7	62.4	61.0
65 years and over	4,300	1,995	2,300	15.2	14.3	16.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,055	860	1,190	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	455	210	245	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	75	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,015	470	545	...	...	...
65 years and over	580	185	395	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.3	6.2	8.3	7.3	6.2	8.3
0 to 17 years (%)	7.0	6.5	7.6	7.0	6.5	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	7.6	6.8	8.4	7.6	6.8	8.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	5.4	6.3	5.8	5.4	6.3
65 years and over (%)	13.5	9.3	17.2	13.5	9.3	17.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	28,270	13,955	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,540	3,250	3,290	23.1	23.3	23.0
0 to 5 years	2,175	1,105	1,070	7.7	7.9	7.5
18 to 64 years	17,430	8,710	8,720	61.7	62.4	60.9
65 years and over	4,295	2,000	2,300	15.2	14.3	16.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	980	440	540	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	215	105	110	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	55	30	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	595	280	310	...	...	...
65 years and over	170	55	115	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.2	3.8	3.5	3.2	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.2	3.2	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.8	2.4	2.6	2.8	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.4	3.2	3.6
65 years and over (%)	3.9	2.7	5.0	3.9	2.7	5.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	28,265	13,955	14,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	14,385	6,835	7,545	50.9	49.0	52.7
In bottom decile	1,655	710	940	5.9	5.1	6.6
In second decile	2,460	1,140	1,320	8.7	8.2	9.2
In third decile	3,280	1,575	1,705	11.6	11.3	11.9
In fourth decile	3,520	1,730	1,795	12.5	12.4	12.5
In fifth decile	3,470	1,685	1,780	12.3	12.1	12.4
In top half of the distribution	13,880	7,120	6,760	49.1	51.0	47.3
In sixth decile	3,325	1,675	1,650	11.8	12.0	11.5
In seventh decile	3,130	1,610	1,520	11.1	11.5	10.6
In eighth decile	2,815	1,440	1,375	10.0	10.3	9.6
In ninth decile	2,515	1,270	1,250	8.9	9.1	8.7
In top decile	2,095	1,125	970	7.4	8.1	6.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	28,270	...	...	28,270	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.432	...	...	0.432	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	28,280	13,965	14,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	2,285	1,215	1,070	8.1	8.7	7.5
French only	10,545	4,710	5,835	37.3	33.7	40.8
English and French	14,795	7,720	7,075	52.3	55.3	49.4
Neither English nor French	650	320	330	2.3	2.3	2.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	28,280	13,965	14,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,665	1,910	1,760	13.0	13.7	12.3
French	22,805	11,170	11,635	80.6	80.0	81.3
English and French	1,175	575	595	4.2	4.1	4.2
Neither English nor French	635	310	325	2.2	2.2	2.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	28,280	13,965	14,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	27,190	13,410	13,785	96.1	96.0	96.3
Official languages	22,110	10,885	11,225	78.2	77.9	78.4
English	1,425	740	690	5.0	5.3	4.8
French	20,685	10,150	10,535	73.1	72.7	73.6
Non-official languages	5,080	2,525	2,555	18.0	18.1	17.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,080	2,525	2,555	18.0	18.1	17.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	810	420	390	2.9	3.0	2.7
Berber languages	80	50	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kabyle	75	40	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamazight	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	725	370	355	2.6	2.6	2.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	595	310	290	2.1	2.2	2.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	130	70	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	90	40	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	115	55	65	0.4	0.4	0.5
Haitian Creole	95	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,695	1,840	1,855	13.1	13.2	13.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	90	40	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Balto-Slavic languages	150	65	90	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	150	65	90	0.5	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	75	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,995	1,010	990	7.1	7.2	6.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,990	1,005	980	7.0	7.2	6.8
German	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	1,975	1,000	975	7.0	7.2	6.8
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	130	70	60	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	225	110	105	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	65	35	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	80	75	0.6	0.6	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	140	75	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	75	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian Persian	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,105	540	560	3.9	3.9	3.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	95	60	0.5	0.7	0.4
Portuguese	175	70	110	0.6	0.5	0.8
Romanian	130	65	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	635	310	325	2.2	2.2	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	170	75	95	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lao	160	75	90	0.6	0.5	0.6
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,090	560	530	3.9	4.0	3.7
English and French	455	230	220	1.6	1.6	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	195	105	90	0.7	0.8	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	295	140	150	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	55	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	28,280	13,965	14,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,160	590	565	4.1	4.2	3.9
French	19,765	9,715	10,050	69.9	69.6	70.2
Non-official language	2,585	1,290	1,285	9.1	9.2	9.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,585	1,290	1,285	9.1	9.2	9.0
English and French	1,705	870	830	6.0	6.2	5.8
English and non-official language(s)	735	365	365	2.6	2.6	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	1,335	610	725	4.7	4.4	5.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	925	470	450	3.3	3.4	3.1
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	28,280	13,965	14,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	27,025	13,340	13,685	95.6	95.5	95.6
Official languages	23,400	11,540	11,860	82.7	82.6	82.9
English	1,845	930	910	6.5	6.7	6.4
French	21,560	10,605	10,950	76.2	75.9	76.5
Non-official languages	3,625	1,805	1,820	12.8	12.9	12.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,625	1,805	1,820	12.8	12.9	12.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	445	225	215	1.6	1.6	1.5
Berber languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	420	210	205	1.5	1.5	1.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	280	140	140	1.0	1.0	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	140	70	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,870	1,430	1,445	10.1	10.2	10.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	105	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	100	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Russian	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,965	995	965	6.9	7.1	6.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,965	995	965	6.9	7.1	6.7
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	1,965	1,000	970	6.9	7.2	6.8
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	145	75	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	45	20	20	0.2	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	105	55	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	95	50	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	550	255	300	1.9	1.8	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	100	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	385	185	200	1.4	1.3	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	60	65	0.4	0.4	0.5
Lao	125	60	65	0.4	0.4	0.5
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,255	620	630	4.4	4.4	4.4
English and French	530	270	260	1.9	1.9	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	185	80	100	0.7	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	410	210	205	1.4	1.5	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	55	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	28,280	13,965	14,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	24,505	12,095	12,405	86.7	86.6	86.7
English	1,385	725	660	4.9	5.2	4.6
French	750	345	410	2.7	2.5	2.9
Non-official language	970	450	520	3.4	3.2	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	970	450	520	3.4	3.2	3.6
English and French	195	95	95	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	250	130	120	0.9	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	150	85	70	0.5	0.6	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	28,265	13,955	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	27,645	13,625	14,025	97.8	97.6	98.0
English	17,065	8,965	8,105	60.4	64.2	56.6
French	25,370	12,465	12,905	89.8	89.3	90.2
Non-official languages	7,120	3,465	3,660	25.2	24.8	25.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,120	3,465	3,660	25.2	24.8	25.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,425	730	695	5.0	5.2	4.9
Berber languages	130	70	55	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kabyle	125	60	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,380	700	680	4.9	5.0	4.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,030	510	515	3.6	3.7	3.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	345	190	160	1.2	1.4	1.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	65	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vietnamese	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	310	160	150	1.1	1.1	1.0
Haitian Creole	275	135	140	1.0	1.0	1.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,070	2,450	2,620	17.9	17.6	18.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	175	70	105	0.6	0.5	0.7
Balto-Slavic languages	275	135	140	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	265	130	135	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	210	110	100	0.7	0.8	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,360	1,150	1,215	8.3	8.2	8.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,355	1,150	1,210	8.3	8.2	8.5
German	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	2,300	1,120	1,180	8.1	8.0	8.2
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	190	100	90	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indo-Iranian languages	295	150	145	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	110	55	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	185	100	85	0.7	0.7	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	165	85	80	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dari	105	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iranian Persian	50	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,895	905	990	6.7	6.5	6.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	345	195	155	1.2	1.4	1.1
Portuguese	180	90	90	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	185	95	90	0.7	0.7	0.6
Spanish	1,260	560	695	4.5	4.0	4.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	50	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	40	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	165	65	100	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lao	155	65	95	0.5	0.5	0.7
Thai	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	110	55	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	55	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	28,265	13,955	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	380	175	205	1.3	1.3	1.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	320	145	175	1.1	1.0	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	205	90	120	0.7	0.6	0.8
Métis	120	60	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	27,885	13,785	14,105	98.7	98.8	98.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	28,265	13,955	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	80	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	28,190	13,935	14,255	99.7	99.9	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	7,365	...	...	64.5	...	...
Renter	4,055	...	...	35.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,940	...	...	17.0	...	...
Not condominium	9,485	...	...	83.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	35	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	1,040	...	...	9.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,465	...	...	30.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,125	...	...	36.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,760	...	...	24.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,390	...	...	29.7	...	...
5 rooms	1,870	...	...	16.4	...	...
6 rooms	1,340	...	...	11.7	...	...
7 rooms	1,535	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,290	...	...	28.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	11,225	...	...	98.2	...	...
More than one person per room	200	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	11,035	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	395	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	550	...	...	4.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,515	...	...	30.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,615	...	...	22.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,365	...	...	20.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	415	...	...	3.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	440	...	...	3.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	395	...	...	3.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,135	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	10,920	...	...	95.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	505	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,780	...	...	50.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,400	...	...	47.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	250	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	270	...	...	2.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,640	...	...	14.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,865	...	...	16.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,170	...	...	19.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,650	...	...	23.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,670	...	...	14.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	920	...	...	8.1	...	...
85 years and over	245	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	11,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,495	...	...	83.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,900	...	...	16.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,790	...	...	15.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,625	...	...	23.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,755	...	...	15.4	...	...
Not suitable only	335	...	...	2.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	370	...	...	3.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	8,800	...	...	77.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	11,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	680	...	...	6.0	...	...
Not in core need	10,605	...	...	94.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,365	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.7	...	...	66.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...	1,310	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,314	...	...	1,314	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	417,600	...	...	417,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,060	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.1	...	...	29.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.4	...	...	13.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,082	...	...	1,082	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	28,270	13,960	14,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	255	125	135	0.9	0.9	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	255	125	135	0.9	0.9	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	230	105	125	0.8	0.8	0.9
Métis single ancestry	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	480	240	240	1.7	1.7	1.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	480	240	240	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	445	225	220	1.6	1.6	1.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	27,535	13,595	13,940	97.4	97.4	97.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	28,265	13,960	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	27,425	13,450	13,970	97.0	96.3	97.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,435	3,170	3,270	22.8	22.7	22.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	20,985	10,280	10,705	74.2	73.6	74.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	845	510	335	3.0	3.7	2.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	28,265	13,960	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	24,805	12,170	12,635	87.8	87.2	88.3
Immigrants⁸¹	3,310	1,695	1,610	11.7	12.1	11.3
Before 1980	450	215	235	1.6	1.5	1.6
1980 to 1990	460	185	270	1.6	1.3	1.9
1991 to 2000	555	300	260	2.0	2.1	1.8
2001 to 2010	905	480	430	3.2	3.4	3.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	935	520	415	3.3	3.7	2.9
2011 to 2015	585	325	265	2.1	2.3	1.9
2016 to 2021	350	200	155	1.2	1.4	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	155	90	65	0.5	0.6	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,310	1,695	1,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	420	215	200	12.7	12.7	12.4
5 to 14 years	670	350	320	20.2	20.6	19.9
15 to 24 years	730	400	335	22.1	23.6	20.8
25 to 44 years	1,330	650	685	40.2	38.3	42.5
45 years and over	155	80	70	4.7	4.7	4.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,310	1,695	1,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	915	520	400	27.6	30.7	24.8
Brazil	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Colombia	75	25	50	2.3	1.5	3.1
El Salvador	50	25	30	1.5	1.5	1.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	185	80	105	5.6	4.7	6.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	70	30	35	2.1	1.8	2.2
Peru	15	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	320	240	85	9.7	14.2	5.3
Other places of birth in Americas	195	115	80	5.9	6.8	5.0
Europe	765	415	355	23.1	24.5	22.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	215	110	105	6.5	6.5	6.5
Germany	15	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.6
Greece	50	30	15	1.5	1.8	0.9
Hungary	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	25	0	1.1	1.5	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	85	50	40	2.6	2.9	2.5
Romania	115	55	65	3.5	3.2	4.0
Russian Federation	25	10	15	0.8	0.6	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	15	10	0.8	0.9	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	15	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	125	85	45	3.8	5.0	2.8
Africa	710	380	335	21.5	22.4	20.8
Algeria	220	115	105	6.6	6.8	6.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	15	15	0.9	0.9	0.9
Egypt	60	35	25	1.8	2.1	1.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	245	125	115	7.4	7.4	7.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	155	85	70	4.7	5.0	4.3
Asia	905	385	525	27.3	22.7	32.6
Afghanistan	70	25	45	2.1	1.5	2.8
Iran⁸⁸	50	25	20	1.5	1.5	1.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	225	125	100	6.8	7.4	6.2
Syria⁸⁹	45	20	25	1.4	1.2	1.6
Turkey	55	30	30	1.7	1.8	1.9
China⁹⁰	25	20	10	0.8	1.2	0.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.9
Bangladesh	30	10	20	0.9	0.6	1.2
India	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pakistan	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	320	105	215	9.7	6.2	13.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	350	200	155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	100	65	35	28.6	32.5	22.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	40	0	11.4	20.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	15	11.4	10.0	9.7
Europe	45	25	20	12.9	12.5	12.9
France	15	10	10	4.3	5.0	6.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	2.9	0.0	6.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	2.9	0.0	6.5
Africa	85	55	30	24.3	27.5	19.4
Algeria	15	15	10	4.3	7.5	6.5
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	20	0	7.1	10.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	10	5.7	5.0	6.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	2.9	0.0	0.0
Asia	130	60	70	37.1	30.0	45.2
Afghanistan	10	0	0	2.9	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	2.9	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	10	2.9	5.0	6.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	20	10	7.1	10.0	6.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	10	4.3	0.0	6.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	4.3	0.0	9.7
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	28,265	13,955	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,630	1,870	1,760	12.8	13.4	12.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,475	2,190	2,280	15.8	15.7	15.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	20,165	9,900	10,265	71.3	70.9	71.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,860	1,485	1,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,430	775	655	50.0	52.2	47.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	575	355	215	20.1	23.9	15.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	855	415	440	29.9	27.9	32.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	890	450	440	31.1	30.3	32.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	500	250	250	17.5	16.8	18.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	10	20	1.0	0.7	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,860	1,485	1,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	205	115	90	7.2	7.7	6.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	145	85	60	5.1	5.7	4.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	175	160	25	6.1	10.8	1.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	110	60	50	3.8	4.0	3.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,195	1,065	1,135	76.7	71.7	82.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	28,265	13,955	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,165	1,575	1,585	11.2	11.3	11.1
South Asian	185	90	90	0.7	0.6	0.6
Chinese	110	40	65	0.4	0.3	0.5
Black	780	390	380	2.8	2.8	2.7
Filipino	65	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Arab	880	455	430	3.1	3.3	3.0
Latin American	525	255	275	1.9	1.8	1.9
Southeast Asian	315	145	175	1.1	1.0	1.2
West Asian	190	90	105	0.7	0.6	0.7
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	80	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	25,105	12,380	12,720	88.8	88.7	88.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	28,265	13,955	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,615	4,260	4,355	30.5	30.5	30.4
English	480	260	220	1.7	1.9	1.5
Irish	1,215	595	615	4.3	4.3	4.3
Scottish	445	220	225	1.6	1.6	1.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,010	2,970	3,040	21.3	21.3	21.2
German	460	230	230	1.6	1.6	1.6
Chinese	180	75	100	0.6	0.5	0.7
Italian	1,275	640	635	4.5	4.6	4.4
Indian (India)	60	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	95	50	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Dutch	85	50	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Polish	230	125	110	0.8	0.9	0.8
Québécois	3,320	1,585	1,735	11.7	11.4	12.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Filipino	75	50	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
French Canadian	1,890	890	1,000	6.7	6.4	7.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	280	135	140	1.0	1.0	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	345	165	180	1.2	1.2	1.3
Métis	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	390	220	170	1.4	1.6	1.2
Russian	95	30	65	0.3	0.2	0.5
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	285	140	155	1.0	1.0	1.1
American	250	130	120	0.9	0.9	0.8
Spanish	245	115	135	0.9	0.8	0.9
Swedish	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	1,000	495	495	3.5	3.5	3.5
Acadian	270	125	145	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pakistani	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	75	30	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jewish	1,610	770	840	5.7	5.5	5.9
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	265	135	135	0.9	1.0	0.9
Greek	320	185	140	1.1	1.3	1.0
Jamaican	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	230	90	145	0.8	0.6	1.0
Lebanese	415	215	200	1.5	1.5	1.4
Iranian	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	215	100	115	0.8	0.7	0.8
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	100	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	155	60	90	0.5	0.4	0.6
Haitian	450	215	235	1.6	1.5	1.6
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	115	60	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Egyptian	105	50	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	80	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	80	30	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Moroccan	400	215	180	1.4	1.5	1.3
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	110	45	65	0.4	0.3	0.5
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	220	100	120	0.8	0.7	0.8
Brazilian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	235	100	135	0.8	0.7	0.9
Slovak	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	85	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquin	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chilean	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	65	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	145	75	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber	95	50	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mohawk	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	65	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	180	85	95	0.6	0.6	0.7
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	100	45	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	60	50	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	60	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Norman	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	28,265	13,960	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	255	105	145	0.9	0.8	1.0
Christian	17,170	8,255	8,920	60.7	59.1	62.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,545	750	795	5.5	5.4	5.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baptist	120	55	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	14,480	6,965	7,510	51.2	49.9	52.5
Christian Orthodox	590	315	280	2.1	2.3	2.0
Jehovah's Witness	75	15	55	0.3	0.1	0.4
Latter Day Saints	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	70	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	215	90	120	0.8	0.6	0.8
Hindu	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	2,565	1,240	1,330	9.1	8.9	9.3
Muslim	1,160	575	580	4.1	4.1	4.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	6,975	3,715	3,255	24.7	26.6	22.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	27,925	13,775	14,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	24,680	12,235	12,450	88.4	88.8	88.0
Movers	3,245	1,545	1,700	11.6	11.2	12.0
Non-migrants	990	435	555	3.5	3.2	3.9
Migrants	2,255	1,110	1,140	8.1	8.1	8.1
Internal migrants	2,175	1,065	1,115	7.8	7.7	7.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,135	1,060	1,075	7.6	7.7	7.6
Interprovincial migrants	45	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.2
External migrants	75	45	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	26,510	12,965	13,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	15,785	7,795	7,990	59.5	60.1	59.0
Movers	10,725	5,175	5,550	40.5	39.9	41.0
Non-migrants	2,280	1,100	1,180	8.6	8.5	8.7
Migrants	8,445	4,075	4,370	31.9	31.4	32.3
Internal migrants	8,040	3,835	4,200	30.3	29.6	31.0
Intraprovincial migrants	7,950	3,805	4,145	30.0	29.3	30.6
Interprovincial migrants	90	30	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
External migrants	405	235	165	1.5	1.8	1.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,725	11,190	11,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,640	2,450	2,190	20.4	21.9	19.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	18,085	8,740	9,350	79.6	78.1	81.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,035	7,440	7,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,155	1,230	930	14.3	16.5	12.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,880	6,215	6,670	85.7	83.5	87.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,725	11,185	11,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,190	2,180	2,010	18.4	19.5	17.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,390	2,685	2,705	23.7	24.0	23.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,150	6,330	6,820	57.9	56.6	59.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,870	4,550	4,325	39.0	40.7	37.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,610	2,220	1,390	15.9	19.8	12.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,510	1,340	1,170	11.0	12.0	10.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,100	875	220	4.8	7.8	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,380	1,955	2,425	19.3	17.5	21.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	885	375	510	3.9	3.4	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,275	1,780	2,495	18.8	15.9	21.6
Bachelor's degree	3,105	1,270	1,830	13.7	11.4	15.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	370	160	200	1.6	1.4	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	15	80	0.4	0.1	0.7
Master's degree	670	305	365	2.9	2.7	3.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,040	7,440	7,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,820	1,035	780	12.1	13.9	10.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,850	1,555	1,295	18.9	20.9	17.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,370	4,845	5,520	68.9	65.1	72.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,650	3,345	3,310	44.2	45.0	43.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,850	1,670	1,185	18.9	22.4	15.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,990	985	1,010	13.2	13.2	13.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	860	690	175	5.7	9.3	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,155	1,410	1,745	21.0	19.0	23.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	650	270	380	4.3	3.6	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,715	1,500	2,215	24.7	20.2	29.1
Bachelor's degree	2,695	1,080	1,615	17.9	14.5	21.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	295	110	180	2.0	1.5	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	10	70	0.6	0.1	0.9
Master's degree	605	265	340	4.0	3.6	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	25	10	0.3	0.3	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	22,725	11,190	11,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,575	4,860	4,715	42.1	43.4	40.9
Education	885	180	705	3.9	1.6	6.1
13. Education	885	180	705	3.9	1.6	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	455	195	260	2.0	1.7	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	35	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	405	160	245	1.8	1.4	2.1
Humanities	640	195	440	2.8	1.7	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	0	80	0.4	0.0	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	395	120	270	1.7	1.1	2.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	45	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	20	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,060	260	790	4.7	2.3	6.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	25	115	0.7	0.2	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	275	25	255	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	175	70	100	0.8	0.6	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	205	45	160	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	230	90	140	1.0	0.8	1.2
Business, management and public administration	3,405	1,320	2,085	15.0	11.8	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	155	35	125	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,245	1,285	1,960	14.3	11.5	17.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	500	245	255	2.2	2.2	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	135	40	105	0.6	0.4	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	45	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	110	65	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
40. Physical sciences	120	80	40	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	625	450	180	2.8	4.0	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	545	405	140	2.4	3.6	1.2
25. Library science	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,935	2,650	285	12.9	23.7	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	95	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	550	475	80	2.4	4.2	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	620	550	70	2.7	4.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	700	660	40	3.1	5.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	630	590	40	2.8	5.3	0.3
48. Precision production	345	335	10	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	165	75	90	0.7	0.7	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	135	45	90	0.6	0.4	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Health and related fields	1,530	205	1,320	6.7	1.8	11.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90	35	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,405	165	1,235	6.2	1.5	10.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	955	550	410	4.2	4.9	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	485	155	330	2.1	1.4	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	275	220	50	1.2	2.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	185	170	20	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,035	7,440	7,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,670	2,590	2,080	31.1	34.8	27.4
Education	700	145	555	4.7	1.9	7.3
13. Education	700	145	555	4.7	1.9	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	325	130	200	2.2	1.7	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	295	105	190	2.0	1.4	2.5
Humanities	430	135	295	2.9	1.8	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	0	65	0.5	0.0	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	245	75	165	1.6	1.0	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
54. History	35	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	890	210	680	5.9	2.8	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	25	110	0.9	0.3	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	235	20	215	1.6	0.3	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	140	50	90	0.9	0.7	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	175	35	140	1.2	0.5	1.8
45. Social sciences	185	70	110	1.2	0.9	1.4
Business, management and public administration	2,750	1,030	1,715	18.3	13.8	22.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	120	30	95	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,625	1,005	1,620	17.5	13.5	21.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	335	145	180	2.2	1.9	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	135	40	95	0.9	0.5	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
40. Physical sciences	100	65	35	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	485	330	155	3.2	4.4	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	425	305	120	2.8	4.1	1.6
25. Library science	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,345	2,080	265	15.6	28.0	3.5
04. Architecture and related services	85	40	35	0.6	0.5	0.5
14. Engineering	505	430	80	3.4	5.8	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	490	420	70	3.3	5.6	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	555	520	30	3.7	7.0	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	435	395	40	2.9	5.3	0.5
48. Precision production	270	270	10	1.8	3.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	130	60	70	0.9	0.8	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	115	45	70	0.8	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Health and related fields	1,230	175	1,050	8.2	2.4	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	35	45	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,115	130	985	7.4	1.7	13.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	745	390	360	5.0	5.2	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	390	105	285	2.6	1.4	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	210	160	45	1.4	2.2	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	115	15	0.9	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	15,035	7,440	7,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,670	2,590	2,080	31.1	34.8	27.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,365	4,850	5,520	68.9	65.2	72.6
Location of study inside Canada	9,445	4,395	5,055	62.8	59.1	66.5
Same as province or territory of residence	9,300	4,330	4,965	61.9	58.2	65.3
Different than province or territory of residence	150	60	90	1.0	0.8	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	920	450	470	6.1	6.0	6.2
Americas	220	110	115	1.5	1.5	1.5
United States of America	45	35	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Mexico	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Cuba	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Europe	280	155	130	1.9	2.1	1.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	95	70	35	0.6	0.9	0.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	55	30	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Africa	225	110	115	1.5	1.5	1.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	90	45	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
Morocco	90	40	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Tunisia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Asia	190	80	110	1.3	1.1	1.4
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	60	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	22,725	11,185	11,535	...	...	...
In the labour force	15,520	8,015	7,510	...	...	...
Employed	14,435	7,475	6,970	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,085	545	540	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	7,205	3,175	4,025	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.3	71.7	65.1	68.3	71.7	65.1
Employment rate	63.5	66.8	60.4	63.5	66.8	60.4
Unemployment rate	7.0	6.8	7.2	7.0	6.8	7.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	22,725	11,190	11,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,025	3,045	3,980	30.9	27.2	34.5
Worked	15,700	8,145	7,555	69.1	72.8	65.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,075	4,445	3,635	35.5	39.7	31.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,625	3,705	3,925	33.6	33.1	34.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.1	40.9	41.5	42.1	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	15,525	8,015	7,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	100	125	1.4	1.2	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	15,300	7,915	7,380	98.6	98.8	98.3
Employee	13,555	6,860	6,700	87.3	85.6	89.2
Permanent position	11,610	5,940	5,670	74.8	74.1	75.5
Temporary position	1,945	915	1,030	12.5	11.4	13.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	640	250	390	4.1	3.1	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,305	670	640	8.4	8.4	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,740	1,055	685	11.2	13.2	9.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	15,525	8,015	7,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	100	125	1.4	1.2	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	15,300	7,915	7,380	98.6	98.8	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	340	250	90	2.2	3.1	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,915	945	1,970	18.8	11.8	26.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,195	970	225	7.7	12.1	3.0
3 Health occupations	1,060	130	930	6.8	1.6	12.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,820	500	1,325	11.7	6.2	17.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	510	265	250	3.3	3.3	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	3,940	1,795	2,145	25.4	22.4	28.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,635	2,410	220	17.0	30.1	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	165	135	40	1.1	1.7	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	715	525	190	4.6	6.6	2.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	15,525	8,015	7,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	100	125	1.4	1.2	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	15,300	7,915	7,380	98.6	98.8	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	80	55	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	55	35	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
22 Utilities	150	105	45	1.0	1.3	0.6
23 Construction	1,385	1,160	230	8.9	14.5	3.1
31-33 Manufacturing	1,955	1,355	605	12.6	16.9	8.1
41 Wholesale trade	785	450	335	5.1	5.6	4.5
44-45 Retail trade	2,010	930	1,080	12.9	11.6	14.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	850	595	250	5.5	7.4	3.3
51 Information and cultural industries	235	170	70	1.5	2.1	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	590	280	315	3.8	3.5	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	230	135	95	1.5	1.7	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,085	600	485	7.0	7.5	6.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	585	370	215	3.8	4.6	2.9
61 Educational services	1,275	350	930	8.2	4.4	12.4
62 Health care and social assistance	1,880	325	1,550	12.1	4.1	20.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	175	85	85	1.1	1.1	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	725	340	380	4.7	4.2	5.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	540	250	285	3.5	3.1	3.8
91 Public administration	685	315	375	4.4	3.9	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	16,710	8,625	8,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	885	500	380	5.3	5.8	4.7
French	10,460	5,210	5,250	62.6	60.4	65.0
Non-official language	215	115	100	1.3	1.3	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	215	115	100	1.3	1.3	1.2
English and French	4,765	2,585	2,180	28.5	30.0	27.0
English and non-official language(s)	205	110	90	1.2	1.3	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	85	60	0.9	1.0	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	16,710	8,625	8,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	15,845	8,160	7,685	94.8	94.6	95.1
Official languages	15,490	7,970	7,520	92.7	92.4	93.1
English	1,760	990	770	10.5	11.5	9.5
French	13,730	6,980	6,750	82.2	80.9	83.5
Non-official languages	355	190	165	2.1	2.2	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	355	190	165	2.1	2.2	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	330	175	150	2.0	2.0	1.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	310	170	145	1.9	2.0	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	310	170	145	1.9	2.0	1.8
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	310	170	145	1.9	2.0	1.8
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	865	465	395	5.2	5.4	4.9
English and French	830	445	385	5.0	5.2	4.8
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	16,710	8,625	8,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	12,380	6,275	6,105	74.1	72.8	75.6
English	3,335	1,800	1,535	20.0	20.9	19.0
French	755	420	340	4.5	4.9	4.2
Non-official language	135	70	65	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	135	70	65	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	14,435	7,475	6,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,735	1,350	1,390	18.9	18.1	19.9
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,755	1,320	435	12.2	17.7	6.2
Usual place of work	9,925	4,790	5,135	68.8	64.1	73.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,930	4,785	5,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,115	1,005	1,115	21.3	21.0	21.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,225	475	750	12.3	9.9	14.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,565	3,300	3,270	66.1	69.0	63.6
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	11,680	6,110	5,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	10,625	5,630	4,990	91.0	92.1	89.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	10,010	5,370	4,640	85.7	87.9	83.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	610	265	350	5.2	4.3	6.3
Public transit	325	135	190	2.8	2.2	3.4
Walked	470	180	290	4.0	2.9	5.2
Bicycle	45	35	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	220	120	95	1.9	2.0	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	11,680	6,110	5,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,925	1,300	1,630	25.0	21.3	29.2
15 to 29 minutes	4,660	2,360	2,300	39.9	38.6	41.3
30 to 44 minutes	2,500	1,485	1,015	21.4	24.3	18.2
45 to 59 minutes	890	550	335	7.6	9.0	6.0
60 minutes and over	700	410	290	6.0	6.7	5.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	11,680	6,110	5,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,165	955	210	10.0	15.6	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,170	1,290	880	18.6	21.1	15.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,985	1,340	1,645	25.6	21.9	29.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,085	775	1,305	17.9	12.7	23.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,430	630	800	12.2	10.3	14.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,850	1,120	730	15.8	18.3	13.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,670	3,325	3,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,595	790	805	23.9	23.8	24.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,070	2,535	2,535	76.0	76.2	75.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,745	2,335	2,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,120	545	575	23.6	23.3	23.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	770	365	405	16.2	15.6	16.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	355	185	170	7.5	7.9	7.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,625	1,790	1,835	76.4	76.7	76.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

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Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table