Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Blainville, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	59,819	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	56,863	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	22,859	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	22,424	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,088.2	...	...	1,088.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	54.97	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	59,815	29,425	30,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,010	5,590	5,420	18.4	19.0	17.8
0 to 4 years	2,760	1,390	1,370	4.6	4.7	4.5
5 to 9 years	3,705	1,905	1,800	6.2	6.5	5.9
10 to 14 years	4,540	2,295	2,250	7.6	7.8	7.4
15 to 64 years	40,005	19,765	20,240	66.9	67.2	66.6
15 to 19 years	4,500	2,365	2,130	7.5	8.0	7.0
20 to 24 years	3,515	1,755	1,755	5.9	6.0	5.8
25 to 29 years	2,880	1,450	1,430	4.8	4.9	4.7
30 to 34 years	2,910	1,390	1,520	4.9	4.7	5.0
35 to 39 years	3,425	1,600	1,825	5.7	5.4	6.0
40 to 44 years	4,255	2,010	2,245	7.1	6.8	7.4
45 to 49 years	4,865	2,350	2,510	8.1	8.0	8.3
50 to 54 years	4,835	2,390	2,445	8.1	8.1	8.0
55 to 59 years	4,935	2,490	2,445	8.3	8.5	8.0
60 to 64 years	3,885	1,955	1,930	6.5	6.6	6.3
65 years and over	8,805	4,070	4,735	14.7	13.8	15.6
65 to 69 years	2,920	1,365	1,555	4.9	4.6	5.1
70 to 74 years	2,350	1,105	1,250	3.9	3.8	4.1
75 to 79 years	1,745	805	940	2.9	2.7	3.1
80 to 84 years	975	440	535	1.6	1.5	1.8
85 years and over	805	355	455	1.3	1.2	1.5
85 to 89 years	590	270	320	1.0	0.9	1.1
90 to 94 years	170	70	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
95 to 99 years	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.4	19.0	17.8	18.4	19.0	17.8
15 to 64 years	66.9	67.2	66.6	66.9	67.2	66.6
65 years and over	14.7	13.8	15.6	14.7	13.8	15.6
85 years and over	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.5
Average age of the population	40.1	39.5	40.7	40.1	39.5	40.7
Median age of the population	42.0	41.2	42.4	42.0	41.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	22,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	14,405	...	...	64.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,200	...	...	5.4	...	...
Row house	280	...	...	1.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,470	...	...	6.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,685	...	...	20.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	285	...	...	1.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	85	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	22,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,855	...	...	21.6	...	...
2 persons	7,615	...	...	34.0	...	...
3 persons	3,745	...	...	16.7	...	...
4 persons	4,160	...	...	18.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,050	...	...	9.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	59,005	29,065	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	48,810	23,835	24,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	30,040	15,005	15,035	61.5	63.0	60.2
Married	17,440	8,710	8,730	35.7	36.5	34.9
Living common-law	12,600	6,300	6,305	25.8	26.4	25.2
Living common law - Never married	9,940	4,935	5,005	20.4	20.7	20.0
Living common law - Separated	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	2,335	1,215	1,120	4.8	5.1	4.5
Living common law - Widowed	210	95	115	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	18,770	8,825	9,945	38.5	37.0	39.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,675	7,195	6,475	28.0	30.2	25.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	535	240	300	1.1	1.0	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,690	970	1,720	5.5	4.1	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,870	420	1,450	3.8	1.8	5.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	7,925	...	...	45.5	...	...
3 persons	3,695	...	...	21.2	...	...
4 persons	4,165	...	...	23.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,660	...	...	9.5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	14,820	...	...	85.0	...	...
Married couples	8,530	...	...	48.9	...	...
With children⁶	4,720	...	...	27.1	...	...
Without children	3,810	...	...	21.9	...	...
Common-law couples	6,290	...	...	36.1	...	...
With children⁶	3,635	...	...	20.8	...	...
Without children	2,655	...	...	15.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,620	...	...	15.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,895	...	...	10.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	720	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	59,010	29,065	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	52,315	26,035	26,280	88.7	89.6	87.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	29,635	14,800	14,835	50.2	50.9	49.5
Parents in one-parent families	2,615	725	1,895	4.4	2.5	6.3
Children⁶	20,060	10,505	9,555	34.0	36.1	31.9
In a two-parent family	15,970	8,300	7,665	27.1	28.6	25.6
In a one-parent family	4,090	2,200	1,885	6.9	7.6	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,695	3,035	3,660	11.3	10.4	12.2
Living alone	4,855	2,135	2,720	8.2	7.3	9.1
Living with other relatives⁷	980	395	585	1.7	1.4	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	860	500	355	1.5	1.7	1.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	22,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,100	...	...	71.8	...	...
Couple-family households	13,825	...	...	61.6	...	...
With children⁶	7,815	...	...	34.8	...	...
Without children	6,010	...	...	26.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,280	...	...	10.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	515	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	460	...	...	2.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	410	...	...	1.8	...	...
One-person households	4,855	...	...	21.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	48,010	23,480	24,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,635	22,820	23,810	97.1	97.2	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	56,000	42,000	48,000	56,000	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,640	22,825	23,815	97.1	97.2	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	46,800	37,200	41,600	46,800	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	43,915	21,855	22,060	91.5	93.1	89.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	50,800	32,400	40,400	50,800	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,175	19,005	18,170	77.4	80.9	74.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	51,600	35,600	42,800	51,600	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,745	15,805	19,940	74.5	67.3	81.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,500	10,200	9,500	8,500	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,980	2,390	2,590	10.4	10.2	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,400	5,720	5,480	5,400	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,595	7,495	7,100	30.4	31.9	28.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	48,010	23,485	24,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,645	22,815	23,830	97.2	97.1	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,700	73,800	52,150	62,700	73,800	52,150
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,660	22,825	23,835	97.2	97.2	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	56,000	42,680	49,200	56,000	42,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,000	21,855	22,145	91.6	93.1	90.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,300	69,600	45,160	57,300	69,600	45,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,175	18,935	18,245	77.4	80.6	74.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,550	67,300	45,440	56,550	67,300	45,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,795	15,875	19,915	74.6	67.6	81.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,320	10,260	12,170	11,320	10,260	12,170
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,950	2,380	2,570	10.3	10.1	10.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,130	5,795	8,370	7,130	5,795	8,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,620	7,445	7,175	30.5	31.7	29.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,660	7,180	8,150	7,660	7,180	8,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	48,010	23,485	24,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,430	9,960	8,465	38.4	42.4	34.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	79,000	61,200	70,000	79,000	61,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,400	97,400	69,200	84,400	97,400	69,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,075	7,060	8,010	31.4	30.1	32.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	22,200	16,800	19,000	22,200	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,200	37,960	27,080	32,200	37,960	27,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.2	90.4	80.4	86.2	90.4	80.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.8	75.6	66.8	71.8	75.6	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.8	9.7	19.5	13.8	9.7	19.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.7	1.2	0.8	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.3	3.5	5.5	4.3	3.5	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.2	4.7	3.8	3.2	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	48,010	23,480	24,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,380	660	720	2.9	2.8	2.9
With total income	46,630	22,820	23,810	97.1	97.2	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,495	1,565	1,930	7.5	6.9	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680	1,775	2,910	10.0	7.8	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,075	2,490	3,590	13.0	10.9	15.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,020	2,100	2,915	10.8	9.2	12.2
$40,000 to $49,999	5,085	2,250	2,835	10.9	9.9	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,555	2,100	2,460	9.8	9.2	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,590	1,840	1,755	7.7	8.1	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,905	1,595	1,315	6.2	7.0	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,635	1,390	1,245	5.7	6.1	5.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,920	1,100	815	4.1	4.8	3.4
$100,000 and over	6,675	4,640	2,040	14.3	20.3	8.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,150	2,780	1,375	8.9	12.2	5.8
$150,000 and over	2,520	1,855	660	5.4	8.1	2.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	48,010	23,480	24,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,370	655	715	2.9	2.8	2.9
With after-tax income	46,640	22,825	23,815	97.1	97.2	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,780	1,655	2,130	8.1	7.3	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	5,015	1,925	3,085	10.8	8.4	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	7,135	2,935	4,195	15.3	12.9	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,400	2,810	3,590	13.7	12.3	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	6,315	2,975	3,345	13.5	13.0	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,090	2,640	2,450	10.9	11.6	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,910	2,090	1,815	8.4	9.2	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,830	1,580	1,255	6.1	6.9	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,835	1,155	675	3.9	5.1	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,145	750	390	2.5	3.3	1.6
$100,000 and over	3,195	2,315	880	6.9	10.1	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,525	1,065	455	3.3	4.7	1.9
$125,000 and over	1,670	1,245	420	3.6	5.5	1.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	48,010	23,480	24,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	10,835	4,480	6,360	22.6	19.1	25.9
With employment income	37,175	19,005	18,170	77.4	80.9	74.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,575	2,385	2,195	12.3	12.5	12.1
$5,000 to $9,999	2,975	1,270	1,705	8.0	6.7	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	4,240	1,800	2,440	11.4	9.5	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	3,110	1,285	1,825	8.4	6.8	10.0
$30,000 to $39,999	2,855	1,220	1,635	7.7	6.4	9.0
$40,000 to $49,999	3,015	1,340	1,680	8.1	7.1	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,905	1,435	1,470	7.8	7.6	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,390	1,285	1,110	6.4	6.8	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,180	1,175	1,010	5.9	6.2	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,105	1,100	1,000	5.7	5.8	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,415	880	540	3.8	4.6	3.0
$100,000 and over	5,405	3,845	1,555	14.5	20.2	8.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,305	1,580	730	6.2	8.3	4.0
$125,000 and over	3,100	2,270	830	8.3	11.9	4.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	48,010	23,480	24,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,490	22,180	23,305	94.8	94.5	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	56,000	40,000	46,800	56,000	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,515	22,190	23,325	94.8	94.5	95.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,800	35,200	40,800	46,800	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,005	21,390	21,615	89.6	91.1	88.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	53,600	34,800	42,800	53,600	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,955	18,800	18,150	77.0	80.1	74.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	54,000	37,200	44,000	54,000	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,025	12,890	18,140	64.6	54.9	74.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	3,960	6,700	5,520	3,960	6,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,375	2,150	2,220	9.1	9.2	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,600	4,040	5,320	4,600	4,040	5,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	48,010	23,485	24,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,490	22,185	23,300	94.8	94.5	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,100	73,800	48,960	61,100	73,800	48,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,505	22,190	23,315	94.8	94.5	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,680	55,850	39,920	47,680	55,850	39,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,090	21,405	21,680	89.8	91.1	88.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,400	71,900	45,000	58,400	71,900	45,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,865	18,720	18,145	76.8	79.7	74.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,350	68,500	45,880	57,350	68,500	45,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,265	13,045	18,220	65.1	55.5	74.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	7,520	9,040	8,400	7,520	9,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,320	2,140	2,175	9.0	9.1	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,870	5,230	8,480	6,870	5,230	8,480
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	48,010	23,485	24,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,285	9,865	8,415	38.1	42.0	34.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	77,500	57,600	67,500	77,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,800	94,300	65,000	80,800	94,300	65,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,295	6,765	7,530	29.8	28.8	30.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	27,600	21,200	23,600	27,600	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,240	43,880	31,280	37,240	43,880	31,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.6	94.0	85.6	90.6	94.0	85.6
Employment income (%)	76.0	78.2	73.0	76.0	78.2	73.0
Government transfers (%)	9.5	6.0	14.4	9.5	6.0	14.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.1	0.7	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	22,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,855	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	48,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	17,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	22,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	102,300	...	...	102,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,920	...	...	46,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	17,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	150,600	...	...	150,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,700	...	...	117,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	22,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	100	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	175	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	515	...	...	2.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	465	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	430	...	...	1.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	590	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	715	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	630	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,470	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,390	...	...	6.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,310	...	...	5.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,350	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,330	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,820	...	...	52.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,945	...	...	13.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,300	...	...	10.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,105	...	...	13.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,470	...	...	15.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	22,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	105	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	105	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	185	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	570	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	580	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	590	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	795	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	850	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	900	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,760	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,685	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,695	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,695	...	...	7.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,555	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,290	...	...	41.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,140	...	...	14.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,260	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,885	...	...	17.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,000	...	...	159,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,710	2,635	3,075	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	52,800	42,800	46,400	52,800	42,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	44,000	37,600	40,000	44,000	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	150,800	...	...	150,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,700	...	...	117,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,100	...	...	122,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,200	...	...	96,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	189,000	...	...	189,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,600	...	...	145,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,900	...	...	96,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,675	2,590	3,085	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,750	64,900	48,080	55,750	64,900	48,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,440	51,250	40,520	45,440	51,250	40,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	59,005	29,065	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,680	7,010	6,665	23.2	24.1	22.3
0 to 5 years	3,440	1,750	1,690	5.8	6.0	5.6
18 to 64 years	37,225	18,255	18,970	63.1	62.8	63.4
65 years and over	8,105	3,805	4,300	13.7	13.1	14.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,030	1,300	1,735	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	700	350	350	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	170	80	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,470	655	815	...	...	...
65 years and over	860	295	570	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.1	4.5	5.8	5.1	4.5	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.1	5.0	5.2	5.1	5.0	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	4.4	5.5	5.0	4.4	5.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	3.6	4.3	4.0	3.6	4.3
65 years and over (%)	10.6	7.8	13.3	10.6	7.8	13.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	59,010	29,065	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,680	7,010	6,665	23.2	24.1	22.3
0 to 5 years	3,440	1,750	1,690	5.8	6.0	5.6
18 to 64 years	37,225	18,250	18,975	63.1	62.8	63.4
65 years and over	8,105	3,800	4,305	13.7	13.1	14.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,480	690	790	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	340	170	175	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	70	30	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	890	445	450	...	...	...
65 years and over	250	80	170	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	1.9	2.2	2.0	1.9	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
65 years and over (%)	3.1	2.1	3.9	3.1	2.1	3.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	59,005	29,065	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	22,690	10,675	12,015	38.5	36.7	40.1
In bottom decile	2,450	1,085	1,365	4.2	3.7	4.6
In second decile	3,695	1,650	2,050	6.3	5.7	6.8
In third decile	4,835	2,240	2,595	8.2	7.7	8.7
In fourth decile	5,485	2,665	2,820	9.3	9.2	9.4
In fifth decile	6,230	3,040	3,185	10.6	10.5	10.6
In top half of the distribution	36,315	18,390	17,925	61.5	63.3	59.9
In sixth decile	6,710	3,415	3,295	11.4	11.7	11.0
In seventh decile	7,080	3,560	3,525	12.0	12.2	11.8
In eighth decile	7,380	3,710	3,670	12.5	12.8	12.3
In ninth decile	7,365	3,740	3,625	12.5	12.9	12.1
In top decile	7,780	3,965	3,815	13.2	13.6	12.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	59,010	...	...	59,010	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.319	...	...	0.319	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.406	...	...	0.406	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	59,115	29,110	30,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	915	495	420	1.5	1.7	1.4
French only	23,435	10,500	12,935	39.6	36.1	43.1
English and French	34,465	18,005	16,460	58.3	61.9	54.9
Neither English nor French	300	110	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	59,115	29,110	30,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,985	2,080	1,910	6.7	7.1	6.4
French	52,910	25,895	27,010	89.5	89.0	90.0
English and French	1,940	1,035	900	3.3	3.6	3.0
Neither English nor French	280	95	185	0.5	0.3	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	59,115	29,110	30,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,100	28,085	29,015	96.6	96.5	96.7
Official languages	51,000	25,095	25,905	86.3	86.2	86.3
English	2,430	1,285	1,145	4.1	4.4	3.8
French	48,570	23,810	24,765	82.2	81.8	82.5
Non-official languages	6,100	2,995	3,110	10.3	10.3	10.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,095	2,990	3,105	10.3	10.3	10.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,500	760	745	2.5	2.6	2.5
Berber languages	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamazight	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,380	695	685	2.3	2.4	2.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,380	695	680	2.3	2.4	2.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	70	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	90	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	245	120	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	215	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,540	1,750	1,790	6.0	6.0	6.0
Albanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	120	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	390	180	210	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	385	175	210	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	240	115	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	140	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	405	205	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	285	140	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	255	125	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	90	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,420	1,185	1,230	4.1	4.1	4.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	445	240	205	0.8	0.8	0.7
Portuguese	565	270	290	1.0	0.9	1.0
Romanian	390	185	210	0.7	0.6	0.7
Spanish	1,015	490	525	1.7	1.7	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	285	125	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	280	125	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	240	105	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,015	1,025	990	3.4	3.5	3.3
English and French	970	505	460	1.6	1.7	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	175	95	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	630	300	330	1.1	1.0	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	59,115	29,110	30,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,010	1,055	955	3.4	3.6	3.2
French	46,780	22,945	23,830	79.1	78.8	79.4
Non-official language	1,430	700	730	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,430	700	730	2.4	2.4	2.4
English and French	3,945	1,990	1,960	6.7	6.8	6.5
English and non-official language(s)	555	275	275	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	2,485	1,205	1,275	4.2	4.1	4.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,830	905	925	3.1	3.1	3.1
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	59,115	29,110	30,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	56,895	28,015	28,880	96.2	96.2	96.3
Official languages	54,080	26,645	27,435	91.5	91.5	91.4
English	3,350	1,735	1,620	5.7	6.0	5.4
French	50,730	24,915	25,810	85.8	85.6	86.0
Non-official languages	2,815	1,370	1,445	4.8	4.7	4.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,810	1,370	1,445	4.8	4.7	4.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	630	310	320	1.1	1.1	1.1
Berber languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	590	290	300	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	590	290	300	1.0	1.0	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,685	825	860	2.9	2.8	2.9
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	215	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	215	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	155	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	300	150	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	200	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	180	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,080	525	555	1.8	1.8	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	210	100	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	235	115	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	580	285	295	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	225	105	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	225	105	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	100	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,220	1,095	1,130	3.8	3.8	3.8
English and French	1,105	545	560	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	745	370	375	1.3	1.3	1.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	210	100	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	59,115	29,110	30,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	51,995	25,565	26,425	88.0	87.8	88.1
English	2,565	1,290	1,275	4.3	4.4	4.2
French	1,545	785	765	2.6	2.7	2.5
Non-official language	1,610	785	825	2.7	2.7	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,610	785	825	2.7	2.7	2.7
English and French	320	155	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	605	310	295	1.0	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	345	155	185	0.6	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	59,005	29,065	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	58,655	28,935	29,725	99.4	99.6	99.3
English	35,405	18,550	16,855	60.0	63.8	56.3
French	57,680	28,425	29,255	97.8	97.8	97.7
Non-official languages	10,820	5,215	5,600	18.3	17.9	18.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,820	5,215	5,600	18.3	17.9	18.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,505	1,275	1,225	4.2	4.4	4.1
Berber languages	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,440	1,240	1,195	4.1	4.3	4.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,410	1,230	1,180	4.1	4.2	3.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	250	105	150	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	120	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Vietnamese	130	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	620	275	345	1.1	0.9	1.2
Haitian Creole	590	255	335	1.0	0.9	1.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,640	3,230	3,410	11.3	11.1	11.4
Albanian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	170	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Balto-Slavic languages	565	265	300	1.0	0.9	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	565	260	300	1.0	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	395	180	215	0.7	0.6	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	225	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	210	95	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
German	210	95	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	210	120	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	530	255	280	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	215	115	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	320	145	180	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	295	125	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
Dari	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	225	90	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,165	2,515	2,645	8.8	8.7	8.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,095	585	505	1.9	2.0	1.7
Portuguese	840	410	430	1.4	1.4	1.4
Romanian	510	230	280	0.9	0.8	0.9
Spanish	3,055	1,450	1,605	5.2	5.0	5.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	280	125	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	425	190	230	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	425	190	230	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	330	150	180	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	59,005	29,070	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	735	360	375	1.2	1.2	1.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	650	310	335	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	395	175	210	0.7	0.6	0.7
Métis	240	125	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	58,270	28,705	29,565	98.8	98.7	98.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	59,005	29,070	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	195	105	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	58,810	28,965	29,850	99.7	99.6	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	22,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	17,430	...	...	77.7	...	...
Renter	4,995	...	...	22.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	22,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,955	...	...	13.2	...	...
Not condominium	19,470	...	...	86.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	22,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	1,675	...	...	7.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,135	...	...	22.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,025	...	...	35.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,560	...	...	33.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	22,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,800	...	...	21.4	...	...
5 rooms	3,125	...	...	13.9	...	...
6 rooms	2,375	...	...	10.6	...	...
7 rooms	2,860	...	...	12.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,260	...	...	41.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	22,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	22,285	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	140	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	22,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	21,930	...	...	97.8	...	...
Not suitable	495	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	22,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	720	...	...	3.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,490	...	...	15.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,210	...	...	14.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,865	...	...	21.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,370	...	...	15.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,775	...	...	12.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,090	...	...	9.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,900	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	22,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	21,710	...	...	96.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	715	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	22,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	9,895	...	...	44.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,955	...	...	53.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	575	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	22,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	260	...	...	1.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,460	...	...	11.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,115	...	...	18.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,460	...	...	24.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,100	...	...	22.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,080	...	...	13.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,685	...	...	7.5	...	...
85 years and over	275	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	22,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	19,425	...	...	86.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,970	...	...	13.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,725	...	...	12.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	22,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,020	...	...	17.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,860	...	...	12.8	...	...
Not suitable only	420	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	585	...	...	2.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	18,405	...	...	82.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	22,150	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	695	...	...	3.1	...	...
Not in core need	21,455	...	...	96.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,425	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	70.8	...	...	70.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.4	...	...	1.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,410	...	...	1,410	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,492	...	...	1,492	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	420,000	...	...	420,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	488,800	...	...	488,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,995	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.5	...	...	27.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,133	...	...	1,133	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	59,005	29,065	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	540	240	300	0.9	0.8	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	540	240	300	0.9	0.8	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	465	205	255	0.8	0.7	0.9
Métis single ancestry	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,155	530	625	2.0	1.8	2.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,155	530	625	2.0	1.8	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,065	490	575	1.8	1.7	1.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	57,310	28,295	29,015	97.1	97.4	96.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	59,010	29,065	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	57,490	28,355	29,135	97.4	97.6	97.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,450	6,915	6,535	22.8	23.8	21.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	44,040	21,435	22,600	74.6	73.7	75.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,515	710	805	2.6	2.4	2.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	59,010	29,065	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	51,880	25,565	26,315	87.9	88.0	87.9
Immigrants⁸¹	6,915	3,395	3,520	11.7	11.7	11.8
Before 1980	950	500	450	1.6	1.7	1.5
1980 to 1990	785	420	355	1.3	1.4	1.2
1991 to 2000	1,050	515	535	1.8	1.8	1.8
2001 to 2010	2,250	1,055	1,190	3.8	3.6	4.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,880	895	985	3.2	3.1	3.3
2011 to 2015	1,115	540	570	1.9	1.9	1.9
2016 to 2021	775	360	415	1.3	1.2	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	215	110	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,915	3,400	3,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	750	400	350	10.8	11.8	9.9
5 to 14 years	1,435	730	705	20.8	21.5	20.0
15 to 24 years	1,120	550	570	16.2	16.2	16.2
25 to 44 years	3,265	1,570	1,690	47.2	46.2	48.0
45 years and over	345	145	200	5.0	4.3	5.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,915	3,400	3,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,390	675	715	20.1	19.9	20.3
Brazil	85	55	30	1.2	1.6	0.9
Colombia	205	80	120	3.0	2.4	3.4
El Salvador	65	30	35	0.9	0.9	1.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	355	170	180	5.1	5.0	5.1
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Mexico	155	75	85	2.2	2.2	2.4
Peru	80	35	45	1.2	1.0	1.3
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	110	55	55	1.6	1.6	1.6
Other places of birth in Americas	325	170	155	4.7	5.0	4.4
Europe	2,010	1,015	990	29.1	29.9	28.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	565	315	255	8.2	9.3	7.2
Germany	35	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.6
Greece	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	175	105	70	2.5	3.1	2.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	40	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.7
Portugal	345	170	175	5.0	5.0	5.0
Romania	265	115	150	3.8	3.4	4.3
Russian Federation	70	35	35	1.0	1.0	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	95	35	55	1.4	1.0	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	350	180	170	5.1	5.3	4.8
Africa	1,715	840	875	24.8	24.7	24.9
Algeria	275	135	140	4.0	4.0	4.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	90	50	45	1.3	1.5	1.3
Egypt	170	85	85	2.5	2.5	2.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	640	315	330	9.3	9.3	9.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	535	255	275	7.7	7.5	7.8
Asia	1,790	850	940	25.9	25.0	26.7
Afghanistan	70	35	30	1.0	1.0	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	160	70	95	2.3	2.1	2.7
Iraq	45	20	25	0.7	0.6	0.7
Lebanon	435	255	180	6.3	7.5	5.1
Syria⁸⁹	150	60	85	2.2	1.8	2.4
Turkey	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
China⁹⁰	250	100	145	3.6	2.9	4.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.6
Taiwan	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Philippines	75	20	55	1.1	0.6	1.6
Viet Nam	140	60	80	2.0	1.8	2.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	80	40	40	1.2	1.2	1.1
Pakistan	75	50	25	1.1	1.5	0.7
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	250	120	130	3.6	3.5	3.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	770	355	415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	160	75	80	20.8	21.1	19.3
Brazil	25	20	0	3.2	5.6	0.0
Colombia	30	10	20	3.9	2.8	4.8
Haiti	25	15	15	3.2	4.2	3.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	15	15	3.2	4.2	3.6
United States of America	15	10	0	1.9	2.8	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	20	2.6	0.0	4.8
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	0	1.9	2.8	0.0
Europe	130	65	60	16.9	18.3	14.5
France	90	45	45	11.7	12.7	10.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	10	3.2	4.2	2.4
Africa	105	45	55	13.6	12.7	13.3
Algeria	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	25	15	15	3.2	4.2	3.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	20	10	3.9	5.6	2.4
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	1.9	0.0	2.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	15	2.6	2.8	3.6
Asia	375	160	220	48.7	45.1	53.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	95	35	55	12.3	9.9	13.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	1.9	2.8	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	45	30	20	5.8	8.5	4.8
Iraq	25	15	15	3.2	4.2	3.6
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15	2.6	2.8	3.6
Lebanon	55	20	35	7.1	5.6	8.4
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	2.6	0.0	4.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	60	15	45	7.8	4.2	10.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	15	0	2.6	4.2	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	59,005	29,070	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,610	3,720	3,890	12.9	12.8	13.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,595	3,270	3,325	11.2	11.2	11.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	44,805	22,075	22,730	75.9	75.9	75.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,965	2,895	3,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,570	1,875	1,690	59.8	64.8	55.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,480	995	485	24.8	34.4	15.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,090	885	1,210	35.0	30.6	39.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,470	550	920	24.6	19.0	30.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	850	435	415	14.2	15.0	13.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	75	30	45	1.3	1.0	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,965	2,895	3,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	505	265	240	8.5	9.2	7.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	460	250	215	7.7	8.6	7.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	145	120	25	2.4	4.1	0.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	250	135	120	4.2	4.7	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	20	15	0.5	0.7	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,570	2,110	2,465	76.6	72.9	80.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	59,005	29,070	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,240	3,405	3,830	12.3	11.7	12.8
South Asian	335	165	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese	525	200	330	0.9	0.7	1.1
Black	1,970	935	1,035	3.3	3.2	3.5
Filipino	90	20	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab	2,145	1,060	1,080	3.6	3.6	3.6
Latin American	1,020	515	505	1.7	1.8	1.7
Southeast Asian	555	265	290	0.9	0.9	1.0
West Asian	280	100	180	0.5	0.3	0.6
Korean	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	51,770	25,655	26,110	87.7	88.3	87.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	59,010	29,065	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	19,835	9,750	10,080	33.6	33.5	33.7
English	885	425	460	1.5	1.5	1.5
Irish	2,785	1,370	1,415	4.7	4.7	4.7
Scottish	1,235	640	600	2.1	2.2	2.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,715	6,770	6,945	23.2	23.3	23.2
German	800	350	450	1.4	1.2	1.5
Chinese	625	265	360	1.1	0.9	1.2
Italian	3,075	1,510	1,565	5.2	5.2	5.2
Indian (India)	160	70	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ukrainian	265	140	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
Dutch	135	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Polish	385	180	205	0.7	0.6	0.7
Québécois	6,880	3,380	3,505	11.7	11.6	11.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	240	100	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
Filipino	110	35	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
French Canadian	4,045	2,010	2,035	6.9	6.9	6.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,125	530	600	1.9	1.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	730	350	380	1.2	1.2	1.3
Métis	150	55	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	740	420	320	1.3	1.4	1.1
Russian	280	145	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	1,165	595	570	2.0	2.0	1.9
American	290	105	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
Spanish	820	450	370	1.4	1.5	1.2
Swedish	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	465	175	290	0.8	0.6	1.0
Pakistani	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	240	105	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Punjabi	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	190	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	775	375	400	1.3	1.3	1.3
Greek	460	245	210	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jamaican	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	365	160	205	0.6	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	740	400	340	1.3	1.4	1.1
Iranian	235	85	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	445	245	200	0.8	0.8	0.7
Danish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	120	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belgian	405	210	195	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	975	460	515	1.7	1.6	1.7
Hindu	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	250	125	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	230	110	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	110	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	315	170	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	150	55	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	240	110	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
Moroccan	710	350	365	1.2	1.2	1.2
Czech	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	310	160	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
Guyanese	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	235	105	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Brazilian	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	215	125	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Slovak	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	150	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Congolese	150	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	215	85	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Berber	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	175	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guatemalan	45	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	140	75	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	120	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	115	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	180	80	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norman	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamileke	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	59,005	29,070	29,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	260	115	140	0.4	0.4	0.5
Christian	39,475	19,150	20,325	66.9	65.9	67.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,695	1,850	1,845	6.3	6.4	6.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baptist	155	65	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catholic	33,820	16,315	17,500	57.3	56.1	58.5
Christian Orthodox	1,105	545	560	1.9	1.9	1.9
Jehovah's Witness	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	320	180	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Hindu	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	2,455	1,185	1,270	4.2	4.1	4.2
Sikh	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	95	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	16,545	8,500	8,045	28.0	29.2	26.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	58,555	28,815	29,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	52,505	25,910	26,595	89.7	89.9	89.4
Movers	6,050	2,900	3,145	10.3	10.1	10.6
Non-migrants	1,960	965	995	3.3	3.3	3.3
Migrants	4,090	1,935	2,155	7.0	6.7	7.2
Internal migrants	3,995	1,910	2,080	6.8	6.6	7.0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,855	1,855	2,000	6.6	6.4	6.7
Interprovincial migrants	135	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
External migrants	100	20	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	56,245	27,635	28,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	35,190	17,505	17,685	62.6	63.3	61.8
Movers	21,055	10,130	10,925	37.4	36.7	38.2
Non-migrants	4,380	2,120	2,255	7.8	7.7	7.9
Migrants	16,680	8,010	8,670	29.7	29.0	30.3
Internal migrants	15,915	7,690	8,225	28.3	27.8	28.7
Intraprovincial migrants	15,565	7,520	8,045	27.7	27.2	28.1
Interprovincial migrants	345	170	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
External migrants	765	320	445	1.4	1.2	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	48,010	23,485	24,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,915	4,300	3,610	16.5	18.3	14.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	40,100	19,180	20,920	83.5	81.7	85.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,945	15,645	16,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,100	1,825	1,275	9.7	11.7	7.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,850	13,825	15,020	90.3	88.4	92.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	48,010	23,480	24,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,035	3,690	3,350	14.7	15.7	13.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,715	5,160	5,555	22.3	22.0	22.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,255	14,630	15,625	63.0	62.3	63.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,590	9,345	9,245	38.7	39.8	37.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,900	4,230	2,675	14.4	18.0	10.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,855	2,575	2,280	10.1	11.0	9.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,045	1,650	395	4.3	7.0	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,465	4,280	5,185	19.7	18.2	21.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,225	840	1,385	4.6	3.6	5.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,665	5,285	6,375	24.3	22.5	26.0
Bachelor's degree	7,820	3,490	4,330	16.3	14.9	17.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,125	470	655	2.3	2.0	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	405	165	240	0.8	0.7	1.0
Master's degree	2,020	975	1,045	4.2	4.2	4.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	295	185	115	0.6	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,945	15,645	16,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,480	1,435	1,045	7.8	9.2	6.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,215	2,635	2,580	16.3	16.8	15.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,245	11,575	12,670	75.9	74.0	77.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,060	7,025	7,035	44.0	44.9	43.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,515	3,310	2,210	17.3	21.2	13.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,875	2,005	1,870	12.1	12.8	11.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,640	1,300	335	5.1	8.3	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,795	3,080	3,715	21.3	19.7	22.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,750	640	1,110	5.5	4.1	6.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,185	4,550	5,635	31.9	29.1	34.6
Bachelor's degree	6,735	2,995	3,740	21.1	19.1	22.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	965	370	590	3.0	2.4	3.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	370	150	220	1.2	1.0	1.3
Master's degree	1,845	870	975	5.8	5.6	6.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	265	160	105	0.8	1.0	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	48,010	23,480	24,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,755	8,850	8,905	37.0	37.7	36.3
Education	2,160	425	1,740	4.5	1.8	7.1
13. Education	2,160	425	1,740	4.5	1.8	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	935	400	540	1.9	1.7	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	75	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	830	320	505	1.7	1.4	2.1
Humanities	1,455	500	955	3.0	2.1	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	30	110	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	85	10	75	0.2	0.0	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	940	375	565	2.0	1.6	2.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	80	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	160	25	130	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,690	785	1,900	5.6	3.3	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	95	260	0.7	0.4	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	560	25	530	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	540	220	320	1.1	0.9	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	440	90	350	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	715	340	370	1.5	1.4	1.5
Business, management and public administration	8,330	3,390	4,935	17.4	14.4	20.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	280	35	250	0.6	0.1	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,035	3,350	4,680	16.7	14.3	19.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,250	645	605	2.6	2.7	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385	150	230	0.8	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	135	75	0.4	0.6	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	310	120	190	0.6	0.5	0.8
40. Physical sciences	295	210	80	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,240	955	285	2.6	4.1	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,065	850	215	2.2	3.6	0.9
25. Library science	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	50	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,135	5,455	680	12.8	23.2	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	230	120	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
14. Engineering	1,450	1,140	310	3.0	4.9	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,220	1,060	160	2.5	4.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,450	1,410	40	3.0	6.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,260	1,230	30	2.6	5.2	0.1
48. Precision production	530	500	30	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	355	185	170	0.7	0.8	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	250	105	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	80	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	3,345	670	2,680	7.0	2.9	10.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	190	100	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,025	505	2,520	6.3	2.2	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,360	1,230	1,130	4.9	5.2	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	960	165	800	2.0	0.7	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	720	500	220	1.5	2.1	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	660	555	110	1.4	2.4	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	31,940	15,645	16,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,700	4,075	3,625	24.1	26.0	22.2
Education	1,695	305	1,390	5.3	1.9	8.5
13. Education	1,695	305	1,390	5.3	1.9	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	735	310	425	2.3	2.0	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	70	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	635	240	395	2.0	1.5	2.4
Humanities	875	300	575	2.7	1.9	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	30	100	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	80	10	70	0.3	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	465	190	275	1.5	1.2	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	55	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	120	20	100	0.4	0.1	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,165	605	1,560	6.8	3.9	9.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	75	200	0.9	0.5	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	510	25	485	1.6	0.2	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	395	150	245	1.2	1.0	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	0	45	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	330	55	275	1.0	0.4	1.7
45. Social sciences	590	295	295	1.8	1.9	1.8
Business, management and public administration	6,915	2,700	4,215	21.6	17.3	25.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	235	20	210	0.7	0.1	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,675	2,670	4,005	20.9	17.1	24.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	750	415	340	2.3	2.7	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	325	135	185	1.0	0.9	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	70	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	240	175	70	0.8	1.1	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	25	30	0.1	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,075	820	255	3.4	5.2	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	945	750	195	3.0	4.8	1.2
25. Library science	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,020	4,410	615	15.7	28.2	3.8
04. Architecture and related services	185	95	90	0.6	0.6	0.6
14. Engineering	1,330	1,045	285	4.2	6.7	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	960	815	145	3.0	5.2	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,130	1,095	40	3.5	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,015	990	25	3.2	6.3	0.2
48. Precision production	390	375	15	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	320	165	155	1.0	1.1	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	220	95	120	0.7	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	70	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	2,735	535	2,200	8.6	3.4	13.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	165	85	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,450	395	2,055	7.7	2.5	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	55	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,945	1,000	945	6.1	6.4	5.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	785	125	665	2.5	0.8	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	595	415	180	1.9	2.7	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	560	460	100	1.8	2.9	0.6
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	31,940	15,645	16,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,700	4,075	3,625	24.1	26.0	22.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	24,240	11,575	12,670	75.9	74.0	77.8
Location of study inside Canada	22,085	10,490	11,600	69.1	67.1	71.2
Same as province or territory of residence	21,655	10,245	11,410	67.8	65.5	70.0
Different than province or territory of residence	430	245	190	1.3	1.6	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,155	1,080	1,075	6.7	6.9	6.6
Americas	435	210	220	1.4	1.3	1.4
United States of America	120	75	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
Mexico	60	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	75	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	815	465	350	2.6	3.0	2.1
Belgium	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
France	380	250	135	1.2	1.6	0.8
Germany	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	90	50	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	115	50	60	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian Federation	45	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ukraine	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	470	220	250	1.5	1.4	1.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	110	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Morocco	145	80	65	0.5	0.5	0.4
Tunisia	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	80	35	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	430	180	245	1.3	1.2	1.5
Iran⁸⁸	60	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	95	55	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	150	65	90	0.5	0.4	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	48,010	23,480	24,530	...	...	...
In the labour force	33,995	17,330	16,660	...	...	...
Employed	32,095	16,380	15,715	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,900	945	950	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	14,015	6,150	7,865	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.8	73.8	67.9	70.8	73.8	67.9
Employment rate	66.9	69.8	64.1	66.9	69.8	64.1
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.5	5.7	5.6	5.5	5.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	48,010	23,480	24,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	13,380	5,715	7,670	27.9	24.3	31.3
Worked	34,630	17,770	16,860	72.1	75.7	68.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	18,860	10,280	8,580	39.3	43.8	35.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,770	7,490	8,280	32.8	31.9	33.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.7	41.1	41.9	42.7	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	33,990	17,330	16,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	470	250	220	1.4	1.4	1.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	33,525	17,080	16,445	98.6	98.6	98.7
Employee	28,560	14,035	14,530	84.0	81.0	87.2
Permanent position	24,340	12,220	12,120	71.6	70.5	72.7
Temporary position	4,220	1,810	2,405	12.4	10.4	14.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,225	445	790	3.6	2.6	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,990	1,370	1,625	8.8	7.9	9.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,965	3,050	1,920	14.6	17.6	11.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	33,990	17,330	16,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	470	250	220	1.4	1.4	1.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	33,525	17,080	16,445	98.6	98.6	98.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,090	855	235	3.2	4.9	1.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,535	2,075	4,455	19.2	12.0	26.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,950	2,300	645	8.7	13.3	3.9
3 Health occupations	2,785	555	2,230	8.2	3.2	13.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,220	1,140	3,085	12.4	6.6	18.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,005	490	510	3.0	2.8	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	8,490	4,065	4,420	25.0	23.5	26.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,935	4,540	400	14.5	26.2	2.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	235	170	65	0.7	1.0	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,290	895	400	3.8	5.2	2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	33,990	17,330	16,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	470	250	220	1.4	1.4	1.3
All industries¹⁹¹	33,525	17,080	16,445	98.6	98.6	98.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	105	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	60	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	365	255	110	1.1	1.5	0.7
23 Construction	2,760	2,275	480	8.1	13.1	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	3,920	2,660	1,255	11.5	15.3	7.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,430	910	525	4.2	5.3	3.2
44-45 Retail trade	4,660	2,310	2,355	13.7	13.3	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,435	1,050	385	4.2	6.1	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	650	445	210	1.9	2.6	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,455	655	800	4.3	3.8	4.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	630	325	305	1.9	1.9	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,935	1,595	1,340	8.6	9.2	8.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,160	735	425	3.4	4.2	2.6
61 Educational services	2,515	610	1,910	7.4	3.5	11.5
62 Health care and social assistance	4,470	790	3,685	13.2	4.6	22.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	525	240	280	1.5	1.4	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	1,315	575	735	3.9	3.3	4.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,175	550	620	3.5	3.2	3.7
91 Public administration	1,910	945	965	5.6	5.5	5.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	36,460	18,605	17,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,215	680	535	3.3	3.7	3.0
French	23,435	11,340	12,095	64.3	61.0	67.7
Non-official language	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	11,355	6,360	4,995	31.1	34.2	28.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	275	130	140	0.8	0.7	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	36,460	18,605	17,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	34,465	17,490	16,975	94.5	94.0	95.1
Official languages	34,390	17,455	16,935	94.3	93.8	94.8
English	3,150	1,810	1,340	8.6	9.7	7.5
French	31,240	15,645	15,595	85.7	84.1	87.3
Non-official languages	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,995	1,115	880	5.5	6.0	4.9
English and French	1,930	1,065	865	5.3	5.7	4.8
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	36,460	18,605	17,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	26,600	13,105	13,500	73.0	70.4	75.6
English	7,650	4,245	3,405	21.0	22.8	19.1
French	1,860	1,085	770	5.1	5.8	4.3
Non-official language	140	65	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	140	65	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	32,095	16,380	15,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,455	3,645	3,810	23.2	22.3	24.2
Worked outside Canada	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	3,495	2,565	935	10.9	15.7	5.9
Usual place of work	21,105	10,140	10,970	65.8	61.9	69.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,105	10,140	10,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,705	1,990	2,710	22.3	19.6	24.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,435	1,395	2,040	16.3	13.8	18.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,925	6,730	6,195	61.2	66.4	56.5
Commute to a different province or territory	45	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	24,605	12,700	11,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	22,525	11,795	10,735	91.5	92.9	90.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,470	11,385	10,085	87.3	89.6	84.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,055	410	650	4.3	3.2	5.5
Public transit	1,050	465	590	4.3	3.7	5.0
Walked	525	175	345	2.1	1.4	2.9
Bicycle	165	115	45	0.7	0.9	0.4
Other method	330	150	180	1.3	1.2	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	24,605	12,700	11,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,995	2,600	3,400	24.4	20.5	28.6
15 to 29 minutes	8,900	4,390	4,510	36.2	34.6	37.9
30 to 44 minutes	5,435	3,225	2,215	22.1	25.4	18.6
45 to 59 minutes	2,180	1,235	940	8.9	9.7	7.9
60 minutes and over	2,085	1,250	840	8.5	9.8	7.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	24,605	12,700	11,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,470	1,945	525	10.0	15.3	4.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,405	2,715	1,685	17.9	21.4	14.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,665	2,960	3,705	27.1	23.3	31.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,715	1,995	2,720	19.2	15.7	22.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,790	1,210	1,580	11.3	9.5	13.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,560	1,870	1,690	14.5	14.7	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	13,985	7,175	6,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,135	1,130	1,010	15.3	15.7	14.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,850	6,045	5,805	84.7	84.3	85.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,990	5,650	5,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,710	925	785	15.6	16.4	14.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,155	635	520	10.5	11.2	9.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550	285	265	5.0	5.0	5.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,285	4,730	4,555	84.5	83.7	85.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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