Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Berthier--MaskinongéMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	108,640	55,090	53,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,990	8,695	8,305	15.6	15.8	15.5
0 to 4 years	5,180	2,680	2,500	4.8	4.9	4.7
5 to 9 years	5,860	2,965	2,900	5.4	5.4	5.4
10 to 14 years	5,950	3,050	2,905	5.5	5.5	5.4
15 to 64 years	65,230	33,295	31,940	60.0	60.4	59.6
15 to 19 years	4,650	2,420	2,230	4.3	4.4	4.2
20 to 24 years	4,220	2,220	1,995	3.9	4.0	3.7
25 to 29 years	5,195	2,645	2,550	4.8	4.8	4.8
30 to 34 years	5,870	2,930	2,940	5.4	5.3	5.5
35 to 39 years	6,380	3,280	3,105	5.9	6.0	5.8
40 to 44 years	6,695	3,465	3,235	6.2	6.3	6.0
45 to 49 years	5,820	3,030	2,790	5.4	5.5	5.2
50 to 54 years	6,735	3,375	3,355	6.2	6.1	6.3
55 to 59 years	9,265	4,665	4,595	8.5	8.5	8.6
60 to 64 years	10,410	5,260	5,150	9.6	9.5	9.6
65 years and over	26,415	13,105	13,310	24.3	23.8	24.9
65 to 69 years	8,885	4,610	4,270	8.2	8.4	8.0
70 to 74 years	7,060	3,635	3,420	6.5	6.6	6.4
75 to 79 years	5,115	2,530	2,580	4.7	4.6	4.8
80 to 84 years	2,840	1,375	1,465	2.6	2.5	2.7
85 years and over	2,515	950	1,570	2.3	1.7	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,665	670	995	1.5	1.2	1.9
90 to 94 years	655	230	425	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	180	45	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.6	15.8	15.5	15.6	15.8	15.5
15 to 64 years	60.0	60.4	59.6	60.0	60.4	59.6
65 years and over	24.3	23.8	24.9	24.3	23.8	24.9
85 years and over	2.3	1.7	2.9	2.3	1.7	2.9
Average age of the population	45.5	45.1	45.9	45.5	45.1	45.9
Median age of the population	48.8	48.0	49.2	48.8	48.0	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	48,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	37,155	...	...	76.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,560	...	...	3.2	...	...
Row house	480	...	...	1.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,325	...	...	4.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,310	...	...	13.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	330	...	...	0.7	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	525	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	48,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,600	...	...	32.0	...	...
2 persons	19,570	...	...	40.2	...	...
3 persons	6,040	...	...	12.4	...	...
4 persons	4,970	...	...	10.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,535	...	...	5.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	106,715	54,240	52,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	91,645	46,400	45,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,715	27,870	27,840	60.8	60.1	61.5
Married	27,870	13,975	13,895	30.4	30.1	30.7
Living common-law	27,845	13,895	13,945	30.4	29.9	30.8
Living common law - Never married	22,100	10,995	11,100	24.1	23.7	24.5
Living common law - Separated	280	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,810	2,490	2,320	5.2	5.4	5.1
Living common law - Widowed	655	265	385	0.7	0.6	0.9
Not married and not living common-law	35,935	18,525	17,405	39.2	39.9	38.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,435	13,560	9,875	25.6	29.2	21.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	995	535	465	1.1	1.2	1.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,215	2,985	3,235	6.8	6.4	7.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,285	1,450	3,835	5.8	3.1	8.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,480	...	...	60.8	...	...
3 persons	5,785	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	4,705	...	...	14.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,055	...	...	6.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,410	...	...	85.6	...	...
Married couples	13,490	...	...	42.1	...	...
With children⁶	3,735	...	...	11.7	...	...
Without children	9,755	...	...	30.5	...	...
Common-law couples	13,920	...	...	43.5	...	...
With children⁶	6,985	...	...	21.8	...	...
Without children	6,935	...	...	21.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,605	...	...	14.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,220	...	...	10.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,390	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	106,715	54,240	52,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	86,165	43,155	43,015	80.7	79.6	82.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,820	27,375	27,445	51.4	50.5	52.3
Parents in one-parent families	4,610	1,385	3,220	4.3	2.6	6.1
Children⁶	26,735	14,385	12,350	25.1	26.5	23.5
In a two-parent family	19,715	10,565	9,150	18.5	19.5	17.4
In a one-parent family	7,020	3,820	3,200	6.6	7.0	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,550	11,085	9,465	19.3	20.4	18.0
Living alone	15,600	8,485	7,115	14.6	15.6	13.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,190	1,015	1,170	2.1	1.9	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	2,765	1,585	1,180	2.6	2.9	2.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	48,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,945	...	...	61.5	...	...
Couple-family households	26,010	...	...	53.4	...	...
With children⁶	10,120	...	...	20.8	...	...
Without children	15,885	...	...	32.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,935	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	605	...	...	1.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	965	...	...	2.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,470	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	15,600	...	...	32.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	89,730	45,555	44,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,210	44,855	43,350	98.3	98.5	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,800	32,800	37,600	42,800	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,235	44,875	43,360	98.3	98.5	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,600	30,000	33,600	37,600	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,225	40,370	36,860	86.1	88.6	83.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	35,600	23,800	29,800	35,600	23,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,170	31,840	27,325	65.9	69.9	61.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,000	27,600	32,800	38,000	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,295	37,695	38,595	85.0	82.7	87.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	11,800	13,200	12,600	11,800	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,820	7,190	5,625	14.3	15.8	12.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,880	5,280	5,520	5,880	5,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,395	13,230	11,165	27.2	29.0	25.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,500	6,500	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,700	45,580	44,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,135	44,890	43,250	98.3	98.5	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,520	50,120	38,680	44,520	50,120	38,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,160	44,900	43,260	98.3	98.5	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,400	33,680	37,600	41,400	33,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,120	40,305	36,815	86.0	88.4	83.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,800	44,040	31,000	37,800	44,040	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,150	31,810	27,335	65.9	69.8	61.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,400	34,040	39,600	44,400	34,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,290	37,900	38,390	85.1	83.2	87.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,200	12,530	13,860	13,200	12,530	13,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,905	7,330	5,575	14.4	16.1	12.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,820	6,550	7,160	6,820	6,550	7,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,725	13,490	11,230	27.6	29.6	25.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,580	7,180	8,060	7,580	7,180	8,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,700	45,580	44,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,930	15,070	11,865	30.0	33.1	26.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	56,000	45,600	50,800	56,000	45,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,050	61,750	51,080	57,050	61,750	51,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,285	12,705	12,585	28.2	27.9	28.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	25,400	17,200	20,600	25,400	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,160	33,240	23,080	28,160	33,240	23,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.4	78.8	68.2	74.4	78.8	68.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.7	62.8	55.6	59.7	62.8	55.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.7	21.1	31.8	25.7	21.1	31.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.1	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	5.0	6.7	5.7	5.0	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.3	5.4	4.8	4.3	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	89,730	45,555	44,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,520	690	830	1.7	1.5	1.9
With total income	88,210	44,855	43,350	98.3	98.5	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,540	2,215	3,320	6.3	4.9	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	12,135	4,690	7,455	13.8	10.4	17.2
$20,000 to $29,999	16,690	7,750	8,940	18.9	17.3	20.6
$30,000 to $39,999	12,765	6,080	6,685	14.5	13.6	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,815	6,170	5,645	13.4	13.7	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,080	4,890	4,190	10.3	10.9	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,240	3,795	2,445	7.1	8.4	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,380	2,845	1,535	5.0	6.4	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,155	1,965	1,190	3.6	4.4	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,985	1,255	730	2.2	2.8	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,425	3,205	1,220	5.0	7.1	2.8
$100,000 to $149,999	3,385	2,405	975	3.8	5.4	2.3
$150,000 and over	1,040	795	245	1.2	1.8	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	89,730	45,555	44,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,495	680	815	1.7	1.5	1.9
With after-tax income	88,235	44,875	43,360	98.3	98.5	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,020	2,370	3,650	6.8	5.3	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,710	5,005	7,705	14.4	11.1	17.8
$20,000 to $29,999	19,390	9,020	10,375	22.0	20.1	23.9
$30,000 to $39,999	15,880	8,080	7,800	18.0	18.0	18.0
$40,000 to $49,999	13,375	7,370	6,005	15.2	16.4	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,615	5,165	3,450	9.8	11.5	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,325	3,270	2,055	6.0	7.3	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,950	1,800	1,150	3.3	4.0	2.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,650	1,105	540	1.9	2.5	1.2
$90,000 to $99,999	880	600	285	1.0	1.3	0.6
$100,000 and over	1,440	1,090	350	1.6	2.4	0.8
$100,000 to $124,999	800	595	210	0.9	1.3	0.5
$125,000 and over	640	495	145	0.7	1.1	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	89,730	45,555	44,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,560	13,715	16,845	34.1	30.1	38.1
With employment income	59,170	31,840	27,325	65.9	69.9	61.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,875	4,200	3,670	13.3	13.2	13.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,670	2,030	2,635	7.9	6.4	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,840	3,470	4,370	13.3	10.9	16.0
$20,000 to $29,999	7,205	3,370	3,830	12.2	10.6	14.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,965	3,565	3,395	11.8	11.2	12.4
$40,000 to $49,999	6,285	3,325	2,960	10.6	10.4	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,045	2,960	2,085	8.5	9.3	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,755	2,455	1,300	6.3	7.7	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,860	1,910	945	4.8	6.0	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,250	1,360	890	3.8	4.3	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,365	925	440	2.3	2.9	1.6
$100,000 and over	3,065	2,260	805	5.2	7.1	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,765	1,280	490	3.0	4.0	1.8
$125,000 and over	1,295	980	315	2.2	3.1	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	89,730	45,555	44,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,195	44,290	42,905	97.2	97.2	97.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,200	29,400	35,200	41,200	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,255	44,295	42,965	97.2	97.2	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	36,000	27,000	31,600	36,000	27,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,070	39,800	36,270	84.8	87.4	82.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	37,600	25,400	31,400	37,600	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,930	32,085	27,845	66.8	70.4	63.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,600	28,200	33,600	39,600	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,540	33,750	35,795	77.5	74.1	81.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,700	8,800	10,500	9,700	8,800	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,490	7,185	5,305	13.9	15.8	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	4,800	4,520	4,680	4,800	4,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,700	45,580	44,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,010	44,305	42,705	97.0	97.2	96.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,520	48,760	36,000	42,520	48,760	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,050	44,305	42,750	97.0	97.2	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,800	40,080	31,320	35,800	40,080	31,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,710	39,605	36,100	84.4	86.9	81.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,080	45,920	31,560	39,080	45,920	31,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,660	31,890	27,770	66.5	70.0	62.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,480	46,320	33,760	40,480	46,320	33,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,545	33,870	35,675	77.5	74.3	80.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,640	10,100	11,150	10,640	10,100	11,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,695	7,280	5,415	14.2	16.0	12.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,260	5,910	6,730	6,260	5,910	6,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,700	45,580	44,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,820	14,995	11,830	29.9	32.9	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	53,600	42,800	48,000	53,600	42,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,050	60,950	47,560	55,050	60,950	47,560
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,085	12,160	11,925	26.9	26.7	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	30,800	21,200	25,000	30,800	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,640	38,800	26,320	32,640	38,800	26,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.0	84.2	74.2	80.0	84.2	74.2
Employment income (%)	65.4	68.4	61.0	65.4	68.4	61.0
Government transfers (%)	20.0	15.8	25.9	20.0	15.8	25.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	48,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	...	...	31,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,725	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,500	...	...	80,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,800	...	...	41,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	48,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	660	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,035	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,400	...	...	7.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,990	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,040	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,780	...	...	5.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,555	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,370	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,325	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,900	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,420	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,235	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,810	...	...	28.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,340	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,450	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,315	...	...	6.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,700	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	48,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	380	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	695	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,090	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,625	...	...	7.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,370	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,545	...	...	5.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,295	...	...	6.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,955	...	...	6.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,655	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,045	...	...	10.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,370	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,915	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,460	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,720	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,385	...	...	19.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,810	...	...	9.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,420	...	...	5.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,155	...	...	4.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,360	10,065	8,295	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	37,600	29,800	33,600	37,600	29,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	33,200	28,000	30,600	33,200	28,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,900	...	...	98,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,300	...	...	85,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,800	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,700	...	...	108,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,100	...	...	71,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,700	...	...	62,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,280	10,100	8,180	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,760	44,080	36,720	40,760	44,080	36,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,880	36,880	32,480	34,880	36,880	32,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	106,715	54,240	52,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,910	10,210	9,705	18.7	18.8	18.5
0 to 5 years	6,300	3,270	3,030	5.9	6.0	5.8
18 to 64 years	61,900	31,480	30,420	58.0	58.0	58.0
65 years and over	24,905	12,550	12,350	23.3	23.1	23.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,325	6,860	7,465	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,105	1,050	1,055	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	665	325	345	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,205	3,090	3,115	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,015	2,720	3,295	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.4	12.6	14.2	13.4	12.6	14.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.6	10.3	10.9	10.6	10.3	10.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.0	11.4	10.6	10.0	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.2	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	24.2	21.7	26.7	24.2	21.7	26.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	106,715	54,240	52,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,910	10,210	9,705	18.7	18.8	18.5
0 to 5 years	6,300	3,270	3,030	5.9	6.0	5.8
18 to 64 years	61,900	31,480	30,420	58.0	58.0	58.0
65 years and over	24,905	12,550	12,350	23.3	23.1	23.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,615	1,400	1,220	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	355	195	160	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	55	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,950	1,080	875	...	...	...
65 years and over	310	125	185	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.9	1.6	1.8	1.9	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.4	1.7	1.2	1.4	1.7	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.4	2.9	3.2	3.4	2.9
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	106,715	54,235	52,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	66,890	33,425	33,465	62.7	61.6	63.8
In bottom decile	11,380	5,490	5,885	10.7	10.1	11.2
In second decile	14,785	7,195	7,590	13.9	13.3	14.5
In third decile	13,960	7,020	6,940	13.1	12.9	13.2
In fourth decile	13,765	7,025	6,745	12.9	13.0	12.9
In fifth decile	13,000	6,695	6,305	12.2	12.3	12.0
In top half of the distribution	39,825	20,815	19,010	37.3	38.4	36.2
In sixth decile	11,495	5,955	5,540	10.8	11.0	10.6
In seventh decile	10,290	5,360	4,930	9.6	9.9	9.4
In eighth decile	8,565	4,495	4,070	8.0	8.3	7.8
In ninth decile	6,060	3,200	2,870	5.7	5.9	5.5
In top decile	3,410	1,805	1,605	3.2	3.3	3.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	106,715	...	...	106,715	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.444	...	...	0.444	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.250	...	...	0.250	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	107,475	54,565	52,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	250	160	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
French only	78,275	38,360	39,915	72.8	70.3	75.4
English and French	28,795	15,920	12,870	26.8	29.2	24.3
Neither English nor French	155	115	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	107,475	54,565	52,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,315	660	650	1.2	1.2	1.2
French	105,655	53,585	52,065	98.3	98.2	98.4
English and French	365	200	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Neither English nor French	140	110	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	107,475	54,565	52,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,555	54,080	52,470	99.1	99.1	99.2
Official languages	105,100	53,230	51,870	97.8	97.6	98.0
English	1,070	510	555	1.0	0.9	1.0
French	104,035	52,715	51,315	96.8	96.6	97.0
Non-official languages	1,450	850	605	1.3	1.6	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,450	850	600	1.3	1.6	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	145	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	930	540	385	0.9	1.0	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	740	450	295	0.7	0.8	0.6
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	110	75	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	505	305	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	925	485	435	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	705	370	330	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	107,475	54,565	52,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	445	235	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
French	102,895	52,110	50,790	95.7	95.5	96.0
Non-official language	360	240	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	360	240	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	2,610	1,350	1,260	2.4	2.5	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	695	360	335	0.6	0.7	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	375	210	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	107,475	54,565	52,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,740	54,165	52,575	99.3	99.3	99.4
Official languages	106,180	53,820	52,355	98.8	98.6	99.0
English	825	420	405	0.8	0.8	0.8
French	105,350	53,405	51,950	98.0	97.9	98.2
Non-official languages	560	345	215	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	560	345	215	0.5	0.6	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	50	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	45	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	350	215	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	305	190	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	265	170	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	740	400	340	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	520	275	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	107,475	54,565	52,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	104,380	52,950	51,430	97.1	97.0	97.2
English	1,870	985	885	1.7	1.8	1.7
French	435	200	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	475	250	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	470	250	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	106,630	54,205	52,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	106,470	54,095	52,380	99.8	99.8	99.9
English	28,855	15,880	12,980	27.1	29.3	24.8
French	106,255	53,945	52,310	99.6	99.5	99.8
Non-official languages	4,000	1,990	2,010	3.8	3.7	3.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,985	1,985	2,005	3.7	3.7	3.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	245	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	230	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	230	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	230	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	145	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,140	1,585	1,560	2.9	2.9	3.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	180	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,795	1,385	1,415	2.6	2.6	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	360	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	260	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,300	1,150	1,150	2.2	2.1	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,630	54,205	52,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,960	995	970	1.8	1.8	1.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,805	900	900	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,080	520	565	1.0	1.0	1.1
Métis	710	380	330	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	104,670	53,210	51,460	98.2	98.2	98.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,630	54,205	52,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	360	200	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,270	54,010	52,260	99.7	99.6	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	36,320	...	...	74.5	...	...
Renter	12,410	...	...	25.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,285	...	...	4.7	...	...
Not condominium	46,445	...	...	95.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	5,120	...	...	10.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,685	...	...	34.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,740	...	...	34.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,105	...	...	20.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,815	...	...	26.3	...	...
5 rooms	9,325	...	...	19.1	...	...
6 rooms	7,675	...	...	15.8	...	...
7 rooms	6,255	...	...	12.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,665	...	...	26.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,545	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,755	...	...	98.0	...	...
Not suitable	975	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,760	...	...	24.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,445	...	...	27.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,680	...	...	13.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,840	...	...	12.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,145	...	...	4.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,220	...	...	6.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,670	...	...	5.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,975	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	45,760	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,970	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,005	...	...	55.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,855	...	...	42.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	870	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	975	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,370	...	...	11.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,385	...	...	15.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,250	...	...	14.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,440	...	...	23.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,105	...	...	20.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,915	...	...	10.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,285	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	48,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,535	...	...	88.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,475	...	...	11.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,075	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,830	...	...	18.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,015	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not suitable only	810	...	...	1.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,430	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	410	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	39,895	...	...	81.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	47,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,660	...	...	3.5	...	...
Not in core need	45,950	...	...	96.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,800	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.2	...	...	58.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	770	...	...	770	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	895	...	...	895	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	220,000	...	...	220,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	246,800	...	...	246,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,330	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.1	...	...	21.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	660	...	...	660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	704	...	...	704	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	106,630	54,205	52,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,025	985	1,040	1.9	1.8	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,015	980	1,030	1.9	1.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,765	865	905	1.7	1.6	1.7
Métis single ancestry	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,420	1,240	1,185	2.3	2.3	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,420	1,240	1,180	2.3	2.3	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,255	1,165	1,090	2.1	2.1	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	102,180	51,980	50,205	95.8	95.9	95.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	106,630	54,205	52,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	105,560	53,595	51,965	99.0	98.9	99.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,695	10,035	9,660	18.5	18.5	18.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	85,865	43,570	42,305	80.5	80.4	80.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,070	610	465	1.0	1.1	0.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	106,630	54,205	52,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,015	52,785	51,230	97.5	97.4	97.7
Immigrants⁸¹	2,075	1,065	1,010	1.9	2.0	1.9
Before 1980	560	310	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
1980 to 1990	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	275	135	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
2001 to 2010	505	280	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	520	235	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
2011 to 2015	255	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
2016 to 2021	260	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	540	355	185	0.5	0.7	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,075	1,065	1,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	265	135	130	12.8	12.7	12.9
5 to 14 years	320	145	175	15.4	13.6	17.3
15 to 24 years	425	220	205	20.5	20.7	20.3
25 to 44 years	880	465	415	42.4	43.7	41.1
45 years and over	180	100	85	8.7	9.4	8.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,075	1,065	1,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	480	220	260	23.1	20.7	25.7
Brazil	15	10	10	0.7	0.9	1.0
Colombia	75	45	30	3.6	4.2	3.0
El Salvador	15	10	10	0.7	0.9	1.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	105	45	60	5.1	4.2	5.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	10	15	1.2	0.9	1.5
Peru	20	15	10	1.0	1.4	1.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	90	35	60	4.3	3.3	5.9
Other places of birth in Americas	130	65	65	6.3	6.1	6.4
Europe	1,055	590	460	50.8	55.4	45.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	560	320	245	27.0	30.0	24.3
Germany	30	15	20	1.4	1.4	2.0
Greece	45	35	10	2.2	3.3	1.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Italy	90	60	30	4.3	5.6	3.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	10	20	1.2	0.9	2.0
Portugal	55	30	30	2.7	2.8	3.0
Romania	25	15	10	1.2	1.4	1.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	10	1.0	0.9	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	175	85	85	8.4	8.0	8.4
Africa	355	170	185	17.1	16.0	18.3
Algeria	45	30	20	2.2	2.8	2.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	1.0	0.9	1.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	80	40	35	3.9	3.8	3.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	205	90	115	9.9	8.5	11.4
Asia	185	85	100	8.9	8.0	9.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	10	0	1.0	0.9	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	15	1.2	0.0	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	10	20	1.4	0.9	2.0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	10	45	2.7	0.9	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	265	130	130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	90	40	50	34.0	30.8	38.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	10	10	7.5	7.7	7.7
Haiti	15	10	10	5.7	7.7	7.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	0	3.8	0.0	0.0
United States of America	20	10	10	7.5	7.7	7.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	7.5	7.7	7.7
Europe	75	50	20	28.3	38.5	15.4
France	25	25	0	9.4	19.2	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	5.7	7.7	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	15	7.5	7.7	11.5
Africa	75	40	40	28.3	30.8	30.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	3.8	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	15	10	9.4	11.5	7.7
Asia	20	0	20	7.5	0.0	15.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	20	7.5	0.0	15.4
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	106,630	54,205	52,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,880	1,515	1,360	2.7	2.8	2.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,680	1,275	1,410	2.5	2.4	2.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	101,070	51,415	49,650	94.8	94.9	94.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,520	755	760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	645	355	290	42.4	47.0	38.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	345	225	120	22.7	29.8	15.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	305	130	170	20.1	17.2	22.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	615	260	350	40.5	34.4	46.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	245	125	120	16.1	16.6	15.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	15	0	1.6	2.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,520	755	760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	155	85	70	10.2	11.3	9.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	240	140	100	15.8	18.5	13.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	25	15	15	1.6	2.0	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	80	40	40	5.3	5.3	5.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,000	475	530	65.8	62.9	69.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	106,630	54,205	52,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,935	945	995	1.8	1.7	1.9
South Asian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese	85	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black	875	395	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
Filipino	65	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	420	250	165	0.4	0.5	0.3
Southeast Asian	150	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	104,695	53,260	51,430	98.2	98.3	98.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	106,630	54,210	52,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	45,085	22,535	22,545	42.3	41.6	43.0
English	980	530	450	0.9	1.0	0.9
Irish	3,220	1,625	1,600	3.0	3.0	3.1
Scottish	1,200	550	655	1.1	1.0	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	23,035	11,910	11,130	21.6	22.0	21.2
German	840	410	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese	85	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italian	1,555	805	750	1.5	1.5	1.4
Indian (India)	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	18,600	9,575	9,025	17.4	17.7	17.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Filipino	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	9,990	5,085	4,900	9.4	9.4	9.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,220	1,155	1,065	2.1	2.1	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,010	1,040	965	1.9	1.9	1.8
Métis	395	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,070	540	530	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	680	320	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Spanish	405	200	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Acadian	1,255	560	695	1.2	1.0	1.3
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jewish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,520	795	720	1.4	1.5	1.4
Danish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	480	235	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	655	285	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
Haitian	275	125	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	160	115	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	270	130	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	330	205	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	70	65	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	125	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	250	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	200	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	106,630	54,205	52,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	79,845	40,160	39,680	74.9	74.1	75.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,875	2,445	2,435	4.6	4.5	4.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baptist	235	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	73,500	36,990	36,505	68.9	68.2	69.6
Christian Orthodox	115	85	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	390	170	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	580	280	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hindu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	280	160	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	225	135	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	26,160	13,690	12,470	24.5	25.3	23.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	105,575	53,665	51,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	95,060	48,480	46,575	90.0	90.3	89.7
Movers	10,515	5,185	5,330	10.0	9.7	10.3
Non-migrants	3,825	1,910	1,915	3.6	3.6	3.7
Migrants	6,690	3,280	3,410	6.3	6.1	6.6
Internal migrants	6,530	3,175	3,350	6.2	5.9	6.5
Intraprovincial migrants	6,445	3,140	3,305	6.1	5.9	6.4
Interprovincial migrants	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	160	105	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	101,535	51,550	49,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,395	34,020	32,375	65.4	66.0	64.8
Movers	35,135	17,530	17,605	34.6	34.0	35.2
Non-migrants	9,175	4,505	4,670	9.0	8.7	9.3
Migrants	25,965	13,030	12,935	25.6	25.3	25.9
Internal migrants	25,275	12,635	12,640	24.9	24.5	25.3
Intraprovincial migrants	25,075	12,535	12,540	24.7	24.3	25.1
Interprovincial migrants	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	690	390	300	0.7	0.8	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,700	45,575	44,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,580	14,555	11,025	28.5	31.9	25.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	64,120	31,020	33,100	71.5	68.1	75.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,970	28,420	27,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,795	7,895	4,905	22.9	27.8	17.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,180	20,530	22,645	77.1	72.2	82.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,700	45,575	44,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,285	12,055	10,230	24.8	26.5	23.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,315	10,230	11,085	23.8	22.4	25.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,095	23,290	22,810	51.4	51.1	51.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,140	19,200	16,940	40.3	42.1	38.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,595	12,620	6,980	21.8	27.7	15.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,435	7,455	5,980	15.0	16.4	13.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,160	5,165	1,000	6.9	11.3	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,055	5,670	8,385	15.7	12.4	19.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,485	910	1,570	2.8	2.0	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,960	4,090	5,870	11.1	9.0	13.3
Bachelor's degree	7,155	2,800	4,355	8.0	6.1	9.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	705	315	385	0.8	0.7	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	250	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	1,680	755	925	1.9	1.7	2.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,975	28,425	27,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,430	6,175	4,255	18.6	21.7	15.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,375	5,645	5,730	20.3	19.9	20.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,170	16,605	17,560	61.0	58.4	63.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,625	13,815	12,805	47.6	48.6	46.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,805	9,195	5,605	26.4	32.3	20.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,270	5,410	4,860	18.3	19.0	17.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,530	3,785	745	8.1	13.3	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,150	4,015	6,135	18.1	14.1	22.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,665	600	1,065	3.0	2.1	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,545	2,790	4,755	13.5	9.8	17.3
Bachelor's degree	5,465	1,945	3,520	9.8	6.8	12.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	495	205	290	0.9	0.7	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	90	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,275	500	770	2.3	1.8	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,700	45,580	44,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,605	22,285	21,315	48.6	48.9	48.3
Education	3,805	800	3,000	4.2	1.8	6.8
13. Education	3,805	800	3,000	4.2	1.8	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,455	650	805	1.6	1.4	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	240	165	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,220	485	730	1.4	1.1	1.7
Humanities	1,840	745	1,095	2.1	1.6	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	225	30	190	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	975	385	595	1.1	0.8	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	125	95	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	245	85	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,130	810	2,320	3.5	1.8	5.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	405	125	280	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	970	65	905	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	485	180	300	0.5	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	10	120	0.1	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	665	145	520	0.7	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	455	270	190	0.5	0.6	0.4
Business, management and public administration	8,865	2,385	6,480	9.9	5.2	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	500	95	405	0.6	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,360	2,285	6,070	9.3	5.0	13.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,020	620	400	1.1	1.4	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	325	175	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	105	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	230	175	50	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,010	640	370	1.1	1.4	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	820	580	245	0.9	1.3	0.6
25. Library science	130	30	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,950	12,175	780	14.4	26.7	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	780	645	135	0.9	1.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,110	1,900	205	2.4	4.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,645	3,545	95	4.1	7.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,570	3,475	100	4.0	7.6	0.2
48. Precision production	2,660	2,515	145	3.0	5.5	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,850	1,135	720	2.1	2.5	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,420	815	605	1.6	1.8	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	425	320	110	0.5	0.7	0.2
Health and related fields	5,660	840	4,820	6.3	1.8	10.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	375	150	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,200	640	4,555	5.8	1.4	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,515	2,495	2,020	5.0	5.5	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,325	565	1,760	2.6	1.2	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	740	600	145	0.8	1.3	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,435	1,315	115	1.6	2.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,970	28,420	27,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,805	11,820	9,990	39.0	41.6	36.3
Education	2,410	490	1,925	4.3	1.7	7.0
13. Education	2,410	490	1,925	4.3	1.7	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,085	450	640	1.9	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	125	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	895	325	565	1.6	1.1	2.1
Humanities	1,130	435	695	2.0	1.5	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	155	25	130	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	610	255	350	1.1	0.9	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	70	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	170	45	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,485	570	1,910	4.4	2.0	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	350	105	250	0.6	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	790	35	755	1.4	0.1	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	360	105	250	0.6	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	0	75	0.1	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	540	105	435	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	360	225	135	0.6	0.8	0.5
Business, management and public administration	6,705	1,670	5,035	12.0	5.9	18.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	415	70	345	0.7	0.2	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,285	1,600	4,685	11.2	5.6	17.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	620	375	245	1.1	1.3	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255	125	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	160	110	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	815	525	290	1.5	1.8	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	700	490	210	1.3	1.7	0.8
25. Library science	95	15	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,450	8,750	700	16.9	30.8	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	145	70	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
14. Engineering	600	475	125	1.1	1.7	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,510	1,320	195	2.7	4.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,635	2,555	85	4.7	9.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,600	2,510	95	4.6	8.8	0.3
48. Precision production	1,955	1,825	135	3.5	6.4	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,465	820	645	2.6	2.9	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,130	585	545	2.0	2.1	2.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	330	230	100	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	4,460	640	3,820	8.0	2.3	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	285	105	180	0.5	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,115	510	3,605	7.4	1.8	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,545	1,885	1,660	6.3	6.6	6.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,845	390	1,455	3.3	1.4	5.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	570	460	110	1.0	1.6	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,120	1,025	95	2.0	3.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,970	28,420	27,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,805	11,820	9,990	39.0	41.6	36.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,170	16,605	17,565	61.1	58.4	63.8
Location of study inside Canada	33,475	16,205	17,265	59.8	57.0	62.7
Same as province or territory of residence	33,230	16,045	17,190	59.4	56.5	62.4
Different than province or territory of residence	240	165	75	0.4	0.6	0.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	695	395	295	1.2	1.4	1.1
Americas	135	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
United States of America	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Europe	350	205	145	0.6	0.7	0.5
Belgium	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	220	125	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Germany	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	125	75	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,700	45,575	44,125	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,550	28,515	25,035	...	...	...
Employed	50,275	26,675	23,600	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,275	1,845	1,435	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	36,150	17,060	19,090	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.7	62.6	56.7	59.7	62.6	56.7
Employment rate	56.0	58.5	53.5	56.0	58.5	53.5
Unemployment rate	6.1	6.5	5.7	6.1	6.5	5.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,700	45,580	44,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,525	16,680	18,850	39.6	36.6	42.7
Worked	54,170	28,895	25,270	60.4	63.4	57.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,650	15,525	12,125	30.8	34.1	27.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,525	13,375	13,150	29.6	29.3	29.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.8	41.1	41.5	41.8	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,550	28,515	25,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	405	500	1.7	1.4	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,645	28,110	24,535	98.3	98.6	98.0
Employee	45,430	23,655	21,775	84.8	83.0	87.0
Permanent position	38,385	20,025	18,360	71.7	70.2	73.3
Temporary position	7,045	3,630	3,410	13.2	12.7	13.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,925	885	1,045	3.6	3.1	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,120	2,745	2,375	9.6	9.6	9.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,220	4,455	2,755	13.5	15.6	11.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,550	28,515	25,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	405	500	1.7	1.4	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,645	28,110	24,535	98.3	98.6	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	915	625	290	1.7	2.2	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,260	1,870	5,390	13.6	6.6	21.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,210	1,650	565	4.1	5.8	2.3
3 Health occupations	4,080	640	3,435	7.6	2.2	13.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,470	1,370	4,105	10.2	4.8	16.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,120	540	580	2.1	1.9	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	12,275	4,915	7,365	22.9	17.2	29.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,620	11,605	1,015	23.6	40.7	4.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,250	1,715	535	4.2	6.0	2.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,440	3,190	1,255	8.3	11.2	5.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,550	28,515	25,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	405	500	1.7	1.4	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	52,645	28,110	24,535	98.3	98.6	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,495	1,715	775	4.7	6.0	3.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	235	210	15	0.4	0.7	0.1
22 Utilities	325	265	65	0.6	0.9	0.3
23 Construction	5,690	4,985	705	10.6	17.5	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	7,730	5,570	2,160	14.4	19.5	8.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,615	1,135	480	3.0	4.0	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	6,455	2,770	3,685	12.1	9.7	14.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,595	2,035	560	4.8	7.1	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	610	355	260	1.1	1.2	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,165	390	775	2.2	1.4	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	545	290	255	1.0	1.0	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,155	1,010	1,145	4.0	3.5	4.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,785	1,135	645	3.3	4.0	2.6
61 Educational services	3,380	800	2,580	6.3	2.8	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	7,140	1,225	5,910	13.3	4.3	23.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	665	400	270	1.2	1.4	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,905	1,185	1,725	5.4	4.2	6.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,835	1,445	1,390	5.3	5.1	5.6
91 Public administration	2,290	1,175	1,115	4.3	4.1	4.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,455	30,660	26,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	400	265	130	0.7	0.9	0.5
French	51,625	27,165	24,455	89.9	88.6	91.3
Non-official language	95	85	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	85	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
English and French	5,015	2,975	2,040	8.7	9.7	7.6
English and non-official language(s)	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,455	30,660	26,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	56,735	30,255	26,485	98.7	98.7	98.8
Official languages	56,610	30,150	26,455	98.5	98.3	98.7
English	1,010	625	385	1.8	2.0	1.4
French	55,595	29,530	26,070	96.8	96.3	97.3
Non-official languages	130	100	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	130	100	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	105	100	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	90	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	90	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	720	410	310	1.3	1.3	1.2
English and French	645	370	270	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,455	30,660	26,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	52,825	27,925	24,905	91.9	91.1	92.9
English	3,835	2,290	1,545	6.7	7.5	5.8
French	575	335	240	1.0	1.1	0.9
Non-official language	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,275	26,675	23,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,110	3,320	3,790	14.1	12.4	16.1
Worked outside Canada	85	80	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,835	5,305	1,530	13.6	19.9	6.5
Usual place of work	36,245	17,975	18,275	72.1	67.4	77.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,245	17,975	18,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,975	5,150	5,825	30.3	28.7	31.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,285	3,575	3,710	20.1	19.9	20.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	17,945	9,215	8,725	49.5	51.3	47.7
Commute to a different province or territory	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,085	23,280	19,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	40,370	21,960	18,415	93.7	94.3	93.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	38,490	21,050	17,445	89.3	90.4	88.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,880	915	965	4.4	3.9	4.9
Public transit	285	140	145	0.7	0.6	0.7
Walked	1,680	775	905	3.9	3.3	4.6
Bicycle	180	120	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Other method	570	290	280	1.3	1.2	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,085	23,280	19,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,100	6,565	6,540	30.4	28.2	33.0
15 to 29 minutes	14,675	7,085	7,590	34.1	30.4	38.3
30 to 44 minutes	8,650	4,985	3,665	20.1	21.4	18.5
45 to 59 minutes	3,010	1,940	1,075	7.0	8.3	5.4
60 minutes and over	3,640	2,710	935	8.4	11.6	4.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,085	23,280	19,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,095	3,220	875	9.5	13.8	4.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,605	5,665	2,940	20.0	24.3	14.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,135	6,285	6,850	30.5	27.0	34.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,245	2,750	4,490	16.8	11.8	22.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,170	1,215	1,955	7.4	5.2	9.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,835	4,150	2,690	15.9	17.8	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,205	10,360	9,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,530	750	775	7.6	7.2	7.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,680	9,610	9,075	92.5	92.8	92.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,660	7,480	7,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,155	555	600	7.9	7.4	8.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	735	335	400	5.0	4.5	5.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	425	220	200	2.9	2.9	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,505	6,925	6,580	92.1	92.6	91.6

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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