Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Berthier--MaskinongéMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	105,280	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	100,371	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	52,753	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	47,250	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	25.6	...	...	25.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4,114.68	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	105,280	53,375	51,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,450	8,385	8,060	15.6	15.7	15.5
0 to 4 years	5,015	2,580	2,435	4.8	4.8	4.7
5 to 9 years	5,680	2,865	2,810	5.4	5.4	5.4
10 to 14 years	5,755	2,940	2,810	5.5	5.5	5.4
15 to 64 years	63,010	32,190	30,820	59.8	60.3	59.4
15 to 19 years	4,480	2,335	2,150	4.3	4.4	4.1
20 to 24 years	4,045	2,135	1,910	3.8	4.0	3.7
25 to 29 years	4,955	2,525	2,430	4.7	4.7	4.7
30 to 34 years	5,685	2,835	2,855	5.4	5.3	5.5
35 to 39 years	6,195	3,190	3,000	5.9	6.0	5.8
40 to 44 years	6,475	3,345	3,125	6.2	6.3	6.0
45 to 49 years	5,600	2,915	2,685	5.3	5.5	5.2
50 to 54 years	6,510	3,275	3,235	6.2	6.1	6.2
55 to 59 years	8,970	4,520	4,445	8.5	8.5	8.6
60 to 64 years	10,095	5,100	4,995	9.6	9.6	9.6
65 years and over	25,825	12,800	13,025	24.5	24.0	25.1
65 to 69 years	8,665	4,495	4,170	8.2	8.4	8.0
70 to 74 years	6,885	3,540	3,345	6.5	6.6	6.4
75 to 79 years	4,990	2,465	2,530	4.7	4.6	4.9
80 to 84 years	2,800	1,355	1,445	2.7	2.5	2.8
85 years and over	2,480	935	1,545	2.4	1.8	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,635	660	980	1.6	1.2	1.9
90 to 94 years	650	235	420	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	175	40	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.6	15.7	15.5	15.6	15.7	15.5
15 to 64 years	59.8	60.3	59.4	59.8	60.3	59.4
65 years and over	24.5	24.0	25.1	24.5	24.0	25.1
85 years and over	2.4	1.8	3.0	2.4	1.8	3.0
Average age of the population	45.6	45.2	46.0	45.6	45.2	46.0
Median age of the population	48.8	48.4	49.6	48.8	48.4	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	47,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	36,330	...	...	76.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,360	...	...	2.9	...	...
Row house	475	...	...	1.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,195	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,015	...	...	12.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	525	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	47,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,180	...	...	32.1	...	...
2 persons	18,985	...	...	40.2	...	...
3 persons	5,825	...	...	12.3	...	...
4 persons	4,790	...	...	10.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,465	...	...	5.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	103,370	52,525	50,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	88,835	44,985	43,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,000	27,020	26,985	60.8	60.1	61.5
Married	27,055	13,570	13,485	30.5	30.2	30.8
Living common-law	26,950	13,450	13,495	30.3	29.9	30.8
Living common law - Never married	21,410	10,660	10,755	24.1	23.7	24.5
Living common law - Separated	270	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,630	2,395	2,235	5.2	5.3	5.1
Living common law - Widowed	640	260	375	0.7	0.6	0.9
Not married and not living common-law	34,830	17,970	16,860	39.2	39.9	38.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,635	13,130	9,500	25.5	29.2	21.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	980	525	455	1.1	1.2	1.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,040	2,900	3,145	6.8	6.4	7.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,175	1,410	3,765	5.8	3.1	8.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,880	...	...	60.9	...	...
3 persons	5,575	...	...	18.0	...	...
4 persons	4,535	...	...	14.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,000	...	...	6.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,560	...	...	85.7	...	...
Married couples	13,090	...	...	42.2	...	...
With children⁶	3,590	...	...	11.6	...	...
Without children	9,500	...	...	30.7	...	...
Common-law couples	13,475	...	...	43.5	...	...
With children⁶	6,765	...	...	21.8	...	...
Without children	6,705	...	...	21.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,425	...	...	14.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,100	...	...	10.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,325	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	103,370	52,530	50,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	83,375	41,730	41,645	80.7	79.4	81.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,125	26,535	26,595	51.4	50.5	52.3
Parents in one-parent families	4,430	1,325	3,105	4.3	2.5	6.1
Children⁶	25,825	13,870	11,955	25.0	26.4	23.5
In a two-parent family	19,070	10,200	8,875	18.4	19.4	17.5
In a one-parent family	6,750	3,675	3,075	6.5	7.0	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,995	10,800	9,195	19.3	20.6	18.1
Living alone	15,180	8,265	6,920	14.7	15.7	13.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,120	990	1,125	2.1	1.9	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	2,690	1,540	1,155	2.6	2.9	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	47,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,995	...	...	61.4	...	...
Couple-family households	25,225	...	...	53.4	...	...
With children⁶	9,785	...	...	20.7	...	...
Without children	15,440	...	...	32.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,775	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	580	...	...	1.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	925	...	...	2.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,440	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	15,180	...	...	32.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	86,935	44,145	42,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,475	43,470	41,995	98.3	98.5	98.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,400	32,800	37,600	42,400	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,500	43,490	42,010	98.3	98.5	98.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200	29,800	33,600	37,200	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,665	39,035	35,630	85.9	88.4	83.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	35,600	23,600	29,600	35,600	23,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,055	30,715	26,340	65.6	69.6	61.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,600	27,400	32,800	37,600	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,055	36,615	37,440	85.2	82.9	87.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,700	11,900	13,200	12,700	11,900	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,425	6,970	5,455	14.3	15.8	12.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,880	5,280	5,520	5,880	5,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,570	12,820	10,750	27.1	29.0	25.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,500	6,500	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	86,900	44,165	42,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,395	43,500	41,895	98.3	98.5	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,280	49,880	38,480	44,280	49,880	38,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,415	43,510	41,905	98.3	98.5	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,480	41,200	33,560	37,480	41,200	33,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,590	39,010	35,580	85.8	88.3	83.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,800	30,800	37,600	43,800	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,040	30,705	26,330	65.6	69.5	61.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,520	44,320	33,880	39,520	44,320	33,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,035	36,795	37,240	85.2	83.3	87.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,220	12,540	13,880	13,220	12,540	13,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,450	7,095	5,350	14.3	16.1	12.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,820	6,570	7,150	6,820	6,570	7,150
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,860	13,070	10,785	27.5	29.6	25.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,570	7,190	8,030	7,570	7,190	8,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	86,900	44,170	42,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,940	14,510	11,430	29.9	32.9	26.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	55,600	45,600	50,800	55,600	45,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,050	61,800	50,960	57,050	61,800	50,960
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,365	12,285	12,080	28.0	27.8	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	25,200	17,000	20,600	25,200	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,040	33,120	22,900	28,040	33,120	22,900
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.2	78.8	68.0	74.2	78.8	68.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.6	62.8	55.3	59.6	62.8	55.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.9	21.3	32.1	25.9	21.3	32.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	5.0	6.6	5.7	5.0	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.3	5.4	4.8	4.3	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	86,930	44,150	42,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,465	675	790	1.7	1.5	1.8
With total income	85,470	43,475	42,000	98.3	98.5	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,390	2,150	3,235	6.3	4.9	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	11,865	4,590	7,275	13.9	10.6	17.3
$20,000 to $29,999	16,310	7,585	8,725	19.1	17.4	20.8
$30,000 to $39,999	12,390	5,925	6,465	14.5	13.6	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,445	6,000	5,445	13.4	13.8	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,750	4,720	4,035	10.2	10.9	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,995	3,650	2,340	7.0	8.4	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,185	2,725	1,460	4.9	6.3	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,025	1,875	1,155	3.5	4.3	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,895	1,200	700	2.2	2.8	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,220	3,050	1,170	4.9	7.0	2.8
$100,000 to $149,999	3,225	2,285	935	3.8	5.3	2.2
$150,000 and over	995	760	230	1.2	1.7	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	86,930	44,150	42,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,435	660	775	1.7	1.5	1.8
With after-tax income	85,500	43,490	42,010	98.4	98.5	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,850	2,295	3,555	6.8	5.3	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	12,410	4,900	7,520	14.5	11.3	17.9
$20,000 to $29,999	18,920	8,815	10,100	22.1	20.3	24.0
$30,000 to $39,999	15,415	7,875	7,540	18.0	18.1	17.9
$40,000 to $49,999	12,915	7,140	5,775	15.1	16.4	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,280	4,960	3,320	9.7	11.4	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,085	3,115	1,965	5.9	7.2	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,835	1,725	1,110	3.3	4.0	2.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,565	1,055	515	1.8	2.4	1.2
$90,000 to $99,999	845	570	275	1.0	1.3	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,380	1,040	340	1.6	2.4	0.8
$100,000 to $124,999	765	565	200	0.9	1.3	0.5
$125,000 and over	610	475	140	0.7	1.1	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	86,930	44,150	42,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,875	13,435	16,445	34.4	30.4	38.4
With employment income	57,055	30,710	26,345	65.6	69.6	61.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,630	4,060	3,570	13.4	13.2	13.6
$5,000 to $9,999	4,535	1,975	2,560	7.9	6.4	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,580	3,350	4,230	13.3	10.9	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,980	3,280	3,695	12.2	10.7	14.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,740	3,470	3,265	11.8	11.3	12.4
$40,000 to $49,999	6,050	3,215	2,835	10.6	10.5	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,855	2,855	2,000	8.5	9.3	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,565	2,325	1,240	6.2	7.6	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,735	1,835	905	4.8	6.0	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,150	1,295	850	3.8	4.2	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,305	885	425	2.3	2.9	1.6
$100,000 and over	2,935	2,165	775	5.1	7.0	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,690	1,230	465	3.0	4.0	1.8
$125,000 and over	1,250	940	310	2.2	3.1	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	86,935	44,145	42,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,505	42,935	41,570	97.2	97.3	97.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	29,200	34,800	40,800	29,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,565	42,945	41,620	97.3	97.3	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	36,000	27,000	31,400	36,000	27,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,540	38,495	35,045	84.6	87.2	81.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	37,200	25,200	31,000	37,200	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,795	30,960	26,835	66.5	70.1	62.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,200	28,000	33,200	39,200	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,520	32,790	34,730	77.7	74.3	81.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,900	10,600	9,800	8,900	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,105	6,965	5,140	13.9	15.8	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	4,840	4,520	4,680	4,840	4,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	86,900	44,165	42,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,305	42,955	41,350	97.0	97.3	96.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,280	48,480	35,880	42,280	48,480	35,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,350	42,955	41,395	97.1	97.3	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,640	39,880	31,240	35,640	39,880	31,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,200	38,335	34,860	84.2	86.8	81.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,880	45,640	31,400	38,880	45,640	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,500	30,770	26,730	66.2	69.7	62.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,240	33,680	40,400	46,240	33,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,450	32,865	34,585	77.6	74.4	80.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,680	10,130	11,220	10,680	10,130	11,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,300	7,075	5,225	14.2	16.0	12.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,260	5,905	6,740	6,260	5,905	6,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	86,900	44,170	42,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,820	14,425	11,390	29.7	32.7	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	53,600	42,800	48,000	53,600	42,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,050	60,950	47,560	55,050	60,950	47,560
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,190	11,760	11,430	26.7	26.6	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	30,600	21,000	24,600	30,600	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,480	38,640	26,120	32,480	38,640	26,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.8	84.0	73.8	79.8	84.0	73.8
Employment income (%)	65.2	68.4	60.7	65.2	68.4	60.7
Government transfers (%)	20.2	16.0	26.2	20.2	16.0	26.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	47,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...	31,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	47,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,700	...	...	67,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,440	...	...	41,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,360	...	...	35,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,020	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...	98,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,100	...	...	83,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	310	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	655	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,020	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,370	...	...	7.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,955	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,985	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,725	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,500	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,295	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,195	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,785	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,310	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,140	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,565	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,240	...	...	28.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,140	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,300	...	...	7.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,190	...	...	6.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,615	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	375	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	685	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,075	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,580	...	...	7.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,320	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,480	...	...	5.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,210	...	...	6.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,875	...	...	6.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,575	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,890	...	...	10.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,230	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,795	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,355	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,610	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,985	...	...	19.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,610	...	...	9.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,320	...	...	4.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,055	...	...	4.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,875	9,805	8,070	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	37,200	29,400	33,200	37,200	29,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,400	32,800	27,800	30,400	32,800	27,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,500	...	...	98,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,100	...	...	83,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...	84,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,600	...	...	71,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,700	...	...	108,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,600	...	...	70,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,450	...	...	62,450	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,790	9,855	7,935	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,440	43,760	36,360	40,440	43,760	36,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,680	36,640	32,240	34,680	36,640	32,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	103,370	52,530	50,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,265	9,850	9,415	18.6	18.8	18.5
0 to 5 years	6,100	3,150	2,955	5.9	6.0	5.8
18 to 64 years	59,780	30,435	29,350	57.8	57.9	57.7
65 years and over	24,325	12,250	12,075	23.5	23.3	23.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,090	6,745	7,340	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,065	1,030	1,035	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	650	320	335	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,080	3,030	3,045	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,945	2,690	3,255	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.6	12.8	14.4	13.6	12.8	14.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.4	11.0	10.7	10.4	11.0
0 to 5 years (%)	10.7	10.1	11.3	10.7	10.1	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	10.0	10.4	10.2	10.0	10.4
65 years and over (%)	24.4	21.9	27.0	24.4	21.9	27.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	103,370	52,530	50,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,265	9,850	9,415	18.6	18.8	18.5
0 to 5 years	6,095	3,145	2,955	5.9	6.0	5.8
18 to 64 years	59,780	30,430	29,350	57.8	57.9	57.7
65 years and over	24,325	12,245	12,080	23.5	23.3	23.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,580	1,380	1,200	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	350	195	160	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	85	55	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,930	1,065	860	...	...	...
65 years and over	305	120	180	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	2.0	1.7	1.8	2.0	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.4	1.7	1.1	1.4	1.7	1.1
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.5	2.9	3.2	3.5	2.9
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	103,370	52,530	50,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	65,165	32,570	32,600	63.0	62.0	64.1
In bottom decile	11,180	5,400	5,780	10.8	10.3	11.4
In second decile	14,485	7,055	7,430	14.0	13.4	14.6
In third decile	13,545	6,820	6,725	13.1	13.0	13.2
In fourth decile	13,415	6,845	6,570	13.0	13.0	12.9
In fifth decile	12,535	6,450	6,085	12.1	12.3	12.0
In top half of the distribution	38,205	19,960	18,245	37.0	38.0	35.9
In sixth decile	11,055	5,720	5,330	10.7	10.9	10.5
In seventh decile	9,910	5,165	4,745	9.6	9.8	9.3
In eighth decile	8,220	4,315	3,905	8.0	8.2	7.7
In ninth decile	5,790	3,055	2,740	5.6	5.8	5.4
In top decile	3,230	1,710	1,520	3.1	3.3	3.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	103,370	...	...	103,370	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.446	...	...	0.446	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.250	...	...	0.250	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	104,130	52,855	51,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	250	160	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
French only	76,085	37,290	38,795	73.1	70.6	75.7
English and French	27,640	15,280	12,360	26.5	28.9	24.1
Neither English nor French	155	120	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	104,130	52,855	51,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,285	645	635	1.2	1.2	1.2
French	102,355	51,900	50,450	98.3	98.2	98.4
English and French	350	190	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Neither English nor French	140	105	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	104,130	52,855	51,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	103,245	52,385	50,860	99.2	99.1	99.2
Official languages	101,875	51,580	50,300	97.8	97.6	98.1
English	1,040	500	540	1.0	0.9	1.1
French	100,835	51,080	49,755	96.8	96.6	97.0
Non-official languages	1,375	810	560	1.3	1.5	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,370	805	560	1.3	1.5	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	140	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	880	515	360	0.8	1.0	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	705	430	275	0.7	0.8	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	110	75	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	490	300	190	0.5	0.6	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	880	465	415	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and French	670	355	320	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	104,130	52,855	51,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	435	235	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
French	99,720	50,485	49,235	95.8	95.5	96.0
Non-official language	345	230	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	345	230	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	2,520	1,300	1,220	2.4	2.5	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	660	345	315	0.6	0.7	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	360	205	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	104,130	52,855	51,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	103,420	52,470	50,955	99.3	99.3	99.4
Official languages	102,880	52,135	50,750	98.8	98.6	99.0
English	810	405	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
French	102,080	51,730	50,350	98.0	97.9	98.2
Non-official languages	535	330	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	535	330	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	55	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	50	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	340	205	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	290	185	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	260	170	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	710	380	325	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	500	265	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	150	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	104,130	52,850	51,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	101,150	51,300	49,845	97.1	97.1	97.2
English	1,800	945	855	1.7	1.8	1.7
French	425	190	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	455	240	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	450	240	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	103,285	52,495	50,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	103,130	52,385	50,745	99.8	99.8	99.9
English	27,705	15,260	12,440	26.8	29.1	24.5
French	102,920	52,235	50,685	99.6	99.5	99.8
Non-official languages	3,815	1,920	1,890	3.7	3.7	3.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,805	1,915	1,890	3.7	3.6	3.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	230	135	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	215	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	215	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,005	1,535	1,475	2.9	2.9	2.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,680	1,340	1,340	2.6	2.6	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	340	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,215	1,125	1,090	2.1	2.1	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,285	52,495	50,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,910	985	930	1.8	1.9	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,760	900	860	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,045	520	530	1.0	1.0	1.0
Métis	700	380	320	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	101,375	51,515	49,865	98.2	98.1	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,285	52,495	50,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	350	195	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	102,935	52,295	50,635	99.7	99.6	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	47,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,170	...	...	74.4	...	...
Renter	12,090	...	...	25.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	47,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,005	...	...	4.2	...	...
Not condominium	45,260	...	...	95.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	47,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	5,015	...	...	10.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,170	...	...	34.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,215	...	...	34.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,790	...	...	20.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	47,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,430	...	...	26.3	...	...
5 rooms	9,025	...	...	19.1	...	...
6 rooms	7,500	...	...	15.9	...	...
7 rooms	6,040	...	...	12.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,270	...	...	26.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	47,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,080	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	47,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,340	...	...	98.0	...	...
Not suitable	920	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	47,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,575	...	...	24.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,155	...	...	27.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,370	...	...	13.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,475	...	...	11.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,075	...	...	4.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,150	...	...	6.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,535	...	...	5.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,930	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	47,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,355	...	...	93.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,910	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	47,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,240	...	...	55.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,190	...	...	42.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	830	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	47,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	950	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,160	...	...	10.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,105	...	...	15.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,020	...	...	14.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,065	...	...	23.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,860	...	...	20.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,835	...	...	10.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,275	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	46,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	41,260	...	...	88.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,280	...	...	11.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,890	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	47,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,525	...	...	18.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,820	...	...	10.2	...	...
Not suitable only	760	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,370	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	415	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	38,735	...	...	82.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,150	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,600	...	...	3.5	...	...
Not in core need	44,555	...	...	96.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,655	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.8	...	...	57.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	765	...	...	765	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	888	...	...	888	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	220,000	...	...	220,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	244,400	...	...	244,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,015	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.1	...	...	21.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	655	...	...	655	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	699	...	...	699	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	103,290	52,495	50,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,975	980	995	1.9	1.9	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,965	980	980	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,720	860	860	1.7	1.6	1.7
Métis single ancestry	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,350	1,190	1,160	2.3	2.3	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,350	1,190	1,155	2.3	2.3	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,185	1,115	1,070	2.1	2.1	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	98,960	50,320	48,640	95.8	95.9	95.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	103,285	52,495	50,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	102,245	51,895	50,355	99.0	98.9	99.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,065	9,680	9,380	18.5	18.4	18.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,185	42,210	40,975	80.5	80.4	80.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,035	600	440	1.0	1.1	0.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	103,285	52,495	50,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	100,795	51,125	49,670	97.6	97.4	97.8
Immigrants⁸¹	1,960	1,020	940	1.9	1.9	1.9
Before 1980	545	300	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
1980 to 1990	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
2001 to 2010	475	275	200	0.5	0.5	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	500	235	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
2011 to 2015	245	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
2016 to 2021	255	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	530	350	180	0.5	0.7	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,960	1,020	940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	255	130	130	13.0	12.7	13.8
5 to 14 years	305	145	165	15.6	14.2	17.6
15 to 24 years	385	200	190	19.6	19.6	20.2
25 to 44 years	840	455	385	42.9	44.6	41.0
45 years and over	160	90	75	8.2	8.8	8.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,960	1,020	940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	450	215	240	23.0	21.1	25.5
Brazil	20	10	0	1.0	1.0	0.0
Colombia	75	40	35	3.8	3.9	3.7
El Salvador	15	10	0	0.8	1.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	100	45	55	5.1	4.4	5.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	10	15	1.3	1.0	1.6
Peru	20	15	0	1.0	1.5	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	90	30	60	4.6	2.9	6.4
Other places of birth in Americas	105	55	50	5.4	5.4	5.3
Europe	1,010	575	435	51.5	56.4	46.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	550	310	240	28.1	30.4	25.5
Germany	30	15	15	1.5	1.5	1.6
Greece	35	30	10	1.8	2.9	1.1
Hungary	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Italy	95	55	30	4.8	5.4	3.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	20	1.5	1.0	2.1
Portugal	50	30	20	2.6	2.9	2.1
Romania	20	15	10	1.0	1.5	1.1
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	0	1.3	1.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	155	80	70	7.9	7.8	7.4
Africa	340	165	180	17.3	16.2	19.1
Algeria	50	25	20	2.6	2.5	2.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	1.0	1.0	1.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	75	40	35	3.8	3.9	3.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	195	85	110	9.9	8.3	11.7
Asia	160	75	85	8.2	7.4	9.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	15	1.0	0.0	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	10	15	1.5	1.0	1.6
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	10	40	2.3	1.0	4.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	250	130	120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	95	45	45	38.0	34.6	37.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	10	10	10.0	7.7	8.3
Haiti	15	0	0	6.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	25	10	15	10.0	7.7	12.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	8.0	7.7	8.3
Europe	65	50	10	26.0	38.5	8.3
France	30	25	0	12.0	19.2	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	6.0	7.7	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	0	6.0	7.7	0.0
Africa	75	35	35	30.0	26.9	29.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	4.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	15	10	10.0	11.5	8.3
Asia	20	0	20	8.0	0.0	16.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	20	8.0	0.0	16.7
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	103,285	52,495	50,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,745	1,465	1,275	2.7	2.8	2.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,525	1,195	1,330	2.4	2.3	2.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	98,020	49,835	48,185	94.9	94.9	94.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,415	720	695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	575	325	250	40.6	45.1	36.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	315	200	115	22.3	27.8	16.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	260	125	140	18.4	17.4	20.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	580	250	325	41.0	34.7	46.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	235	125	115	16.6	17.4	16.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	20	0	1.4	2.8	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,415	720	695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	140	75	60	9.9	10.4	8.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	225	140	90	15.9	19.4	12.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	25	15	10	1.8	2.1	1.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	75	35	40	5.3	4.9	5.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	10	1.1	1.4	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	930	450	480	65.7	62.5	69.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	103,285	52,495	50,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,830	905	920	1.8	1.7	1.8
South Asian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black	850	390	465	0.8	0.7	0.9
Filipino	65	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab	160	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	385	240	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
Southeast Asian	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	101,455	51,590	49,870	98.2	98.3	98.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	103,285	52,495	50,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	43,780	21,885	21,900	42.4	41.7	43.1
English	910	480	430	0.9	0.9	0.8
Irish	3,090	1,540	1,545	3.0	2.9	3.0
Scottish	1,160	525	635	1.1	1.0	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,335	11,500	10,840	21.6	21.9	21.3
German	790	380	410	0.8	0.7	0.8
Chinese	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italian	1,460	765	690	1.4	1.5	1.4
Indian (India)	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	215	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	17,970	9,245	8,725	17.4	17.6	17.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Filipino	80	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	9,760	4,970	4,790	9.4	9.5	9.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,075	1,080	985	2.0	2.1	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,910	1,000	915	1.8	1.9	1.8
Métis	390	185	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,060	530	530	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	650	305	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
Spanish	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Acadian	1,225	540	685	1.2	1.0	1.3
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	165	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jewish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	170	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanese	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,475	770	700	1.4	1.5	1.4
Danish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	480	240	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	605	265	340	0.6	0.5	0.7
Haitian	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	165	110	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	265	130	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazilian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	325	200	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	75	65	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	130	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	230	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	103,285	52,495	50,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	77,620	39,065	38,555	75.2	74.4	75.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,670	2,340	2,325	4.5	4.5	4.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baptist	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	71,550	36,020	35,530	69.3	68.6	69.9
Christian Orthodox	105	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	380	165	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	555	280	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hindu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	265	155	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	215	130	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	25,075	13,090	11,985	24.3	24.9	23.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	102,275	51,990	50,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	92,050	46,940	45,105	90.0	90.3	89.7
Movers	10,230	5,045	5,175	10.0	9.7	10.3
Non-migrants	3,740	1,855	1,885	3.7	3.6	3.7
Migrants	6,490	3,195	3,300	6.3	6.1	6.6
Internal migrants	6,325	3,085	3,240	6.2	5.9	6.4
Intraprovincial migrants	6,245	3,055	3,195	6.1	5.9	6.4
Interprovincial migrants	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	165	105	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	98,370	49,945	48,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,365	32,965	31,400	65.4	66.0	64.8
Movers	34,005	16,980	17,020	34.6	34.0	35.1
Non-migrants	8,985	4,400	4,585	9.1	8.8	9.5
Migrants	25,020	12,580	12,440	25.4	25.2	25.7
Internal migrants	24,345	12,195	12,150	24.7	24.4	25.1
Intraprovincial migrants	24,150	12,095	12,055	24.6	24.2	24.9
Interprovincial migrants	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	675	385	290	0.7	0.8	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,900	44,170	42,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	24,925	14,180	10,750	28.7	32.1	25.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,975	29,990	31,990	71.3	67.9	74.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,070	27,505	26,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,440	7,695	4,740	23.0	28.0	17.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,630	19,810	21,820	77.0	72.0	82.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,900	44,165	42,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,740	11,770	9,970	25.0	26.7	23.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,605	9,875	10,725	23.7	22.4	25.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,555	22,520	22,040	51.3	51.0	51.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,890	18,545	16,345	40.1	42.0	38.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,980	12,200	6,785	21.8	27.6	15.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,045	7,240	5,805	15.0	16.4	13.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,935	4,955	975	6.8	11.2	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,520	5,480	8,040	15.6	12.4	18.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,390	870	1,520	2.8	2.0	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,670	3,975	5,695	11.1	9.0	13.3
Bachelor's degree	6,955	2,715	4,240	8.0	6.1	9.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	680	310	370	0.8	0.7	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	135	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	1,620	730	890	1.9	1.7	2.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,070	27,505	26,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,135	6,025	4,105	18.7	21.9	15.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,930	5,405	5,520	20.2	19.7	20.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,000	16,070	16,935	61.0	58.4	63.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,680	13,345	12,335	47.5	48.5	46.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,340	8,895	5,445	26.5	32.3	20.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,970	5,245	4,725	18.4	19.1	17.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,370	3,645	720	8.1	13.3	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,755	3,880	5,880	18.0	14.1	22.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,585	570	1,015	2.9	2.1	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,325	2,725	4,600	13.5	9.9	17.3
Bachelor's degree	5,310	1,900	3,415	9.8	6.9	12.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	475	200	270	0.9	0.7	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,240	500	745	2.3	1.8	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	86,905	44,165	42,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,340	21,645	20,695	48.7	49.0	48.4
Education	3,695	775	2,920	4.3	1.8	6.8
13. Education	3,695	775	2,920	4.3	1.8	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,415	635	780	1.6	1.4	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	240	165	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,175	465	705	1.4	1.1	1.6
Humanities	1,740	710	1,030	2.0	1.6	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	215	30	185	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	910	360	545	1.0	0.8	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	120	95	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	235	85	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,005	755	2,250	3.5	1.7	5.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	125	265	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	925	55	865	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	450	145	300	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	10	110	0.1	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	655	140	515	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	450	270	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Business, management and public administration	8,545	2,310	6,240	9.8	5.2	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	470	95	370	0.5	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,070	2,215	5,855	9.3	5.0	13.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	995	600	390	1.1	1.4	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	325	170	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	95	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	235	180	55	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	965	620	345	1.1	1.4	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	790	560	230	0.9	1.3	0.5
25. Library science	115	25	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,540	11,775	760	14.4	26.7	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	765	635	135	0.9	1.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,040	1,835	205	2.3	4.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,500	3,410	90	4.0	7.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,450	3,350	100	4.0	7.6	0.2
48. Precision production	2,595	2,455	140	3.0	5.6	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,840	1,130	710	2.1	2.6	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,410	810	600	1.6	1.8	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	430	315	110	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	5,480	815	4,670	6.3	1.8	10.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	370	150	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,025	615	4,415	5.8	1.4	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,335	2,395	1,945	5.0	5.4	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,245	545	1,700	2.6	1.2	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	705	575	135	0.8	1.3	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,375	1,260	110	1.6	2.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,070	27,505	26,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,065	11,440	9,625	39.0	41.6	36.2
Education	2,315	470	1,845	4.3	1.7	6.9
13. Education	2,315	470	1,845	4.3	1.7	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,060	440	620	2.0	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	120	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	865	320	550	1.6	1.2	2.1
Humanities	1,070	420	650	2.0	1.5	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	150	25	120	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	570	250	320	1.1	0.9	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	160	45	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,405	560	1,840	4.4	2.0	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	100	235	0.6	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	750	35	715	1.4	0.1	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	350	100	250	0.6	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	535	95	435	1.0	0.3	1.6
45. Social sciences	355	225	130	0.7	0.8	0.5
Business, management and public administration	6,440	1,610	4,825	11.9	5.9	18.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	390	70	315	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,050	1,540	4,505	11.2	5.6	17.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	610	365	245	1.1	1.3	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255	125	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	160	115	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	775	505	270	1.4	1.8	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	670	475	195	1.2	1.7	0.7
25. Library science	80	15	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,145	8,460	685	16.9	30.8	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	145	65	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
14. Engineering	590	465	125	1.1	1.7	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,455	1,265	190	2.7	4.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,540	2,465	75	4.7	9.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,505	2,410	95	4.6	8.8	0.4
48. Precision production	1,910	1,785	130	3.5	6.5	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,455	820	640	2.7	3.0	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,125	585	540	2.1	2.1	2.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	330	230	100	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	4,330	620	3,705	8.0	2.3	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	280	105	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,985	485	3,500	7.4	1.8	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,410	1,805	1,605	6.3	6.6	6.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,775	370	1,405	3.3	1.3	5.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	545	440	105	1.0	1.6	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,080	985	95	2.0	3.6	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,070	27,505	26,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,065	11,440	9,625	39.0	41.6	36.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,005	16,070	16,935	61.0	58.4	63.8
Location of study inside Canada	32,335	15,680	16,650	59.8	57.0	62.7
Same as province or territory of residence	32,090	15,515	16,570	59.3	56.4	62.4
Different than province or territory of residence	240	165	75	0.4	0.6	0.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	675	390	285	1.2	1.4	1.1
Americas	130	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
United States of America	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Europe	345	195	145	0.6	0.7	0.5
Belgium	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	220	125	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
Germany	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	125	75	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	86,900	44,165	42,740	...	...	...
In the labour force	51,560	27,495	24,065	...	...	...
Employed	48,370	25,700	22,670	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,190	1,790	1,395	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,340	16,675	18,665	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.3	62.3	56.3	59.3	62.3	56.3
Employment rate	55.7	58.2	53.0	55.7	58.2	53.0
Unemployment rate	6.2	6.5	5.8	6.2	6.5	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	86,905	44,165	42,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,720	16,295	18,425	40.0	36.9	43.1
Worked	52,185	27,875	24,310	60.0	63.1	56.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,615	14,940	11,675	30.6	33.8	27.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,570	12,935	12,635	29.4	29.3	29.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.8	41.1	41.5	41.8	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,565	27,490	24,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	885	390	490	1.7	1.4	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,675	27,105	23,575	98.3	98.6	97.9
Employee	43,720	22,815	20,905	84.8	83.0	86.9
Permanent position	36,905	19,295	17,605	71.6	70.2	73.1
Temporary position	6,820	3,520	3,300	13.2	12.8	13.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,880	860	1,020	3.6	3.1	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,940	2,660	2,275	9.6	9.7	9.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,955	4,285	2,670	13.5	15.6	11.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,565	27,490	24,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	885	390	490	1.7	1.4	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,675	27,105	23,575	98.3	98.6	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	840	580	260	1.6	2.1	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,925	1,790	5,140	13.4	6.5	21.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,135	1,580	555	4.1	5.7	2.3
3 Health occupations	3,930	610	3,320	7.6	2.2	13.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,235	1,320	3,915	10.2	4.8	16.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,085	520	560	2.1	1.9	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	11,790	4,690	7,095	22.9	17.1	29.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,175	11,205	965	23.6	40.8	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,215	1,685	530	4.3	6.1	2.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,345	3,115	1,230	8.4	11.3	5.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,565	27,490	24,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	885	390	490	1.7	1.4	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	50,675	27,105	23,575	98.3	98.6	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,455	1,685	775	4.8	6.1	3.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	225	205	20	0.4	0.7	0.1
22 Utilities	320	255	65	0.6	0.9	0.3
23 Construction	5,420	4,770	645	10.5	17.4	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	7,570	5,440	2,130	14.7	19.8	8.8
41 Wholesale trade	1,540	1,090	450	3.0	4.0	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	6,165	2,635	3,530	12.0	9.6	14.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,510	1,980	525	4.9	7.2	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	590	345	245	1.1	1.3	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,135	385	750	2.2	1.4	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	495	260	235	1.0	0.9	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,065	955	1,105	4.0	3.5	4.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,695	1,095	600	3.3	4.0	2.5
61 Educational services	3,260	785	2,475	6.3	2.9	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	6,805	1,165	5,640	13.2	4.2	23.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	655	395	260	1.3	1.4	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,815	1,140	1,675	5.5	4.1	7.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,715	1,365	1,350	5.3	5.0	5.6
91 Public administration	2,225	1,140	1,090	4.3	4.1	4.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	55,355	29,575	25,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	390	260	130	0.7	0.9	0.5
French	49,800	26,225	23,575	90.0	88.7	91.4
Non-official language	95	85	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	85	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
English and French	4,765	2,845	1,915	8.6	9.6	7.4
English and non-official language(s)	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	70	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	55,355	29,575	25,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,670	29,180	25,490	98.8	98.7	98.9
Official languages	54,545	29,080	25,465	98.5	98.3	98.8
English	980	615	365	1.8	2.1	1.4
French	53,570	28,465	25,105	96.8	96.2	97.4
Non-official languages	125	105	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	105	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	105	100	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	90	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	90	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	680	395	290	1.2	1.3	1.1
English and French	610	360	250	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	55,355	29,575	25,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,955	26,965	23,985	92.1	91.2	93.0
English	3,630	2,170	1,465	6.6	7.3	5.7
French	560	335	225	1.0	1.1	0.9
Non-official language	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	48,370	25,700	22,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,830	3,210	3,620	14.1	12.5	16.0
Worked outside Canada	85	75	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,515	5,060	1,450	13.5	19.7	6.4
Usual place of work	34,945	17,350	17,590	72.2	67.5	77.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,945	17,355	17,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,855	5,100	5,755	31.1	29.4	32.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,880	3,405	3,480	19.7	19.6	19.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	17,160	8,815	8,345	49.1	50.8	47.4
Commute to a different province or territory	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,460	22,410	19,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	38,805	21,130	17,675	93.6	94.3	92.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,995	20,255	16,735	89.2	90.4	87.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,815	875	935	4.4	3.9	4.9
Public transit	255	115	140	0.6	0.5	0.7
Walked	1,660	765	895	4.0	3.4	4.7
Bicycle	170	115	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Other method	565	285	280	1.4	1.3	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,460	22,410	19,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,785	6,435	6,355	30.8	28.7	33.4
15 to 29 minutes	14,135	6,825	7,305	34.1	30.5	38.4
30 to 44 minutes	8,235	4,725	3,505	19.9	21.1	18.4
45 to 59 minutes	2,870	1,870	1,005	6.9	8.3	5.3
60 minutes and over	3,430	2,555	875	8.3	11.4	4.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,460	22,410	19,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,855	3,015	835	9.3	13.5	4.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,335	5,500	2,830	20.1	24.5	14.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,690	6,105	6,580	30.6	27.2	34.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,990	2,645	4,345	16.9	11.8	22.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,050	1,160	1,895	7.4	5.2	10.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,540	3,980	2,560	15.8	17.8	13.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,550	10,000	9,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,505	740	765	7.7	7.4	8.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,050	9,260	8,795	92.3	92.6	92.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,180	7,220	6,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,135	545	590	8.0	7.5	8.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	720	330	390	5.1	4.6	5.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	415	215	200	2.9	3.0	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,045	6,675	6,370	92.0	92.5	91.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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