Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Beloeil--ChamblyMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,555	56,000	58,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,845	11,105	10,740	19.1	19.8	18.3
0 to 4 years	6,310	3,230	3,080	5.5	5.8	5.3
5 to 9 years	7,685	3,890	3,790	6.7	6.9	6.5
10 to 14 years	7,860	3,985	3,870	6.9	7.1	6.6
15 to 64 years	71,115	35,060	36,055	62.1	62.6	61.6
15 to 19 years	6,255	3,145	3,105	5.5	5.6	5.3
20 to 24 years	4,810	2,465	2,345	4.2	4.4	4.0
25 to 29 years	5,790	2,860	2,930	5.1	5.1	5.0
30 to 34 years	6,815	3,295	3,520	5.9	5.9	6.0
35 to 39 years	8,000	3,850	4,150	7.0	6.9	7.1
40 to 44 years	8,930	4,425	4,500	7.8	7.9	7.7
45 to 49 years	7,525	3,785	3,740	6.6	6.8	6.4
50 to 54 years	7,040	3,480	3,555	6.1	6.2	6.1
55 to 59 years	8,170	4,020	4,150	7.1	7.2	7.1
60 to 64 years	7,780	3,730	4,050	6.8	6.7	6.9
65 years and over	21,595	9,830	11,765	18.9	17.6	20.1
65 to 69 years	6,545	3,090	3,455	5.7	5.5	5.9
70 to 74 years	5,885	2,740	3,140	5.1	4.9	5.4
75 to 79 years	4,205	1,995	2,210	3.7	3.6	3.8
80 to 84 years	2,545	1,085	1,465	2.2	1.9	2.5
85 years and over	2,410	915	1,495	2.1	1.6	2.6
85 to 89 years	1,595	680	920	1.4	1.2	1.6
90 to 94 years	640	205	435	0.6	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	150	30	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.1	19.8	18.3	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	62.1	62.6	61.6	62.1	62.6	61.6
65 years and over	18.9	17.6	20.1	18.9	17.6	20.1
85 years and over	2.1	1.6	2.6	2.1	1.6	2.6
Average age of the population	41.5	40.6	42.3	41.5	40.6	42.3
Median age of the population	42.0	41.6	42.8	42.0	41.6	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	28,065	...	...	59.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,600	...	...	5.5	...	...
Row house	1,415	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,780	...	...	3.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,640	...	...	27.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,945	...	...	27.6	...	...
2 persons	16,875	...	...	36.0	...	...
3 persons	6,935	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	6,990	...	...	14.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,110	...	...	6.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	112,105	55,175	56,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,705	44,890	47,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,235	28,570	28,665	61.7	63.6	59.9
Married	28,740	14,360	14,385	31.0	32.0	30.1
Living common-law	28,495	14,210	14,280	30.7	31.7	29.9
Living common law - Never married	23,155	11,495	11,665	25.0	25.6	24.4
Living common law - Separated	260	145	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,565	2,340	2,225	4.9	5.2	4.7
Living common law - Widowed	515	235	280	0.6	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	35,470	16,320	19,150	38.3	36.4	40.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,900	12,480	11,415	25.8	27.8	23.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,010	455	550	1.1	1.0	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,975	2,280	3,690	6.4	5.1	7.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,595	1,100	3,495	5.0	2.5	7.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,020	...	...	51.2	...	...
3 persons	6,765	...	...	20.3	...	...
4 persons	6,890	...	...	20.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,590	...	...	7.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,245	...	...	84.9	...	...
Married couples	13,995	...	...	42.1	...	...
With children⁶	6,010	...	...	18.1	...	...
Without children	7,985	...	...	24.0	...	...
Common-law couples	14,245	...	...	42.8	...	...
With children⁶	8,100	...	...	24.4	...	...
Without children	6,145	...	...	18.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,015	...	...	15.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,470	...	...	10.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,550	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	112,105	55,175	56,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	95,535	47,470	48,060	85.2	86.0	84.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,490	28,195	28,295	50.4	51.1	49.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,015	1,550	3,470	4.5	2.8	6.1
Children⁶	34,025	17,730	16,295	30.4	32.1	28.6
In a two-parent family	26,310	13,640	12,670	23.5	24.7	22.3
In a one-parent family	7,715	4,090	3,625	6.9	7.4	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,570	7,705	8,865	14.8	14.0	15.6
Living alone	12,945	5,905	7,040	11.5	10.7	12.4
Living with other relatives⁷	1,645	670	975	1.5	1.2	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	1,980	1,125	855	1.8	2.0	1.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,305	...	...	66.8	...	...
Couple-family households	26,825	...	...	57.3	...	...
With children⁶	13,445	...	...	28.7	...	...
Without children	13,380	...	...	28.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,475	...	...	9.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	645	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	790	...	...	1.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,020	...	...	2.2	...	...
One-person households	12,945	...	...	27.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,260	44,070	46,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,395	43,180	45,220	97.9	98.0	97.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	55,600	42,800	48,800	55,600	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,430	43,200	45,230	98.0	98.0	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	46,800	38,000	42,400	46,800	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,055	41,285	41,770	92.0	93.7	90.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	50,000	33,600	41,200	50,000	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,545	35,060	33,480	75.9	79.6	72.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	51,600	38,000	44,000	51,600	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,265	31,045	38,220	76.7	70.4	82.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,200	11,400	10,400	9,200	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,575	5,400	5,175	11.7	12.3	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,160	5,960	5,480	5,160	5,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,200	12,495	11,705	26.8	28.4	25.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,500	6,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,265	44,080	46,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,460	43,200	45,265	98.0	98.0	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,250	66,700	50,200	58,250	66,700	50,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,500	43,215	45,285	98.0	98.0	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,040	52,550	41,800	47,040	52,550	41,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,080	41,270	41,805	92.0	93.6	90.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,050	61,550	42,680	52,050	61,550	42,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,545	35,035	33,510	75.9	79.5	72.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,650	59,800	45,200	52,650	59,800	45,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,150	30,930	38,225	76.6	70.2	82.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,990	11,040	12,760	11,990	11,040	12,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,715	5,410	5,310	11.9	12.3	11.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300	5,880	8,750	7,300	5,880	8,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,080	12,285	11,800	26.7	27.9	25.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,240	7,960	7,600	7,240	7,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,265	44,080	46,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,340	18,865	16,475	39.2	42.8	35.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	73,000	58,000	66,000	73,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,900	82,400	66,300	74,900	82,400	66,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,685	12,620	14,065	29.6	28.6	30.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	25,600	18,800	21,200	25,600	18,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,760	38,960	27,240	32,760	38,960	27,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	88.2	78.6	84.0	88.2	78.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.0	72.6	66.6	70.0	72.6	66.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.1	11.8	21.5	16.1	11.8	21.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.1	2.0	1.5	1.1	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	3.5	5.0	4.1	3.5	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	3.1	4.1	3.6	3.1	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,265	44,070	46,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,865	895	970	2.1	2.0	2.1
With total income	88,395	43,180	45,220	97.9	98.0	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,245	2,175	3,070	5.9	5.0	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,290	3,025	5,265	9.4	7.0	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	11,455	4,640	6,810	13.0	10.8	15.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,945	4,200	5,745	11.3	9.7	12.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,480	4,855	5,620	11.9	11.2	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	9,700	4,625	5,075	11.0	10.7	11.2
$60,000 to $69,999	7,740	4,050	3,695	8.8	9.4	8.2
$70,000 to $79,999	6,150	3,470	2,680	7.0	8.0	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	5,245	2,970	2,275	5.9	6.9	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,670	2,135	1,535	4.2	4.9	3.4
$100,000 and over	10,465	7,035	3,435	11.8	16.3	7.6
$100,000 to $149,999	7,495	4,835	2,655	8.5	11.2	5.9
$150,000 and over	2,975	2,195	780	3.4	5.1	1.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,265	44,070	46,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,830	875	960	2.0	2.0	2.1
With after-tax income	88,430	43,200	45,230	98.0	98.0	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,780	2,320	3,465	6.5	5.4	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	8,825	3,280	5,545	10.0	7.6	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	13,575	5,555	8,020	15.4	12.9	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	13,065	5,920	7,140	14.8	13.7	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	13,325	6,545	6,770	15.1	15.2	15.0
$50,000 to $59,999	10,815	5,700	5,120	12.2	13.2	11.3
$60,000 to $69,999	8,140	4,575	3,565	9.2	10.6	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,380	3,020	2,365	6.1	7.0	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,405	2,075	1,330	3.9	4.8	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,005	1,285	720	2.3	3.0	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,110	2,920	1,190	4.6	6.8	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,230	1,505	725	2.5	3.5	1.6
$125,000 and over	1,880	1,415	465	2.1	3.3	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,265	44,070	46,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,715	9,010	12,705	24.1	20.4	27.5
With employment income	68,545	35,060	33,480	75.9	79.5	72.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,980	4,150	3,830	11.6	11.8	11.5
$5,000 to $9,999	4,650	1,985	2,670	6.8	5.6	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,310	3,050	4,260	10.7	8.7	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,845	2,395	3,450	8.5	6.8	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,850	2,600	3,250	8.5	7.4	9.7
$40,000 to $49,999	6,420	2,865	3,555	9.4	8.2	10.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,025	3,030	2,990	8.8	8.6	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,155	2,825	2,330	7.5	8.1	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,365	2,555	1,815	6.4	7.3	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,090	2,260	1,830	6.0	6.4	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,685	1,695	990	3.9	4.8	3.0
$100,000 and over	8,165	5,655	2,510	11.9	16.1	7.5
$100,000 to $124,999	4,120	2,715	1,400	6.0	7.8	4.2
$125,000 and over	4,045	2,935	1,110	5.9	8.4	3.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,260	44,070	46,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,795	42,380	44,410	96.2	96.2	96.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	55,200	40,800	47,200	55,200	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,845	42,395	44,455	96.2	96.2	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,400	36,000	40,800	46,400	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,760	40,635	41,130	90.6	92.2	89.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	52,400	34,800	42,400	52,400	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,460	34,955	33,500	75.8	79.3	72.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	53,200	38,000	44,400	53,200	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,695	26,670	35,025	68.4	60.5	75.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,700	5,440	8,700	7,700	5,440	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,960	5,215	4,745	11.0	11.8	10.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	4,000	5,880	4,680	4,000	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,265	44,080	46,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,770	42,315	44,450	96.1	96.0	96.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,050	65,500	47,040	56,050	65,500	47,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,835	42,320	44,515	96.2	96.0	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,840	50,840	39,080	44,840	50,840	39,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,740	40,635	41,100	90.6	92.2	89.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	62,700	42,240	52,400	62,700	42,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,480	34,925	33,550	75.9	79.2	72.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	60,450	44,040	52,400	60,450	44,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,720	26,655	35,065	68.4	60.5	75.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,410	8,440	10,140	9,410	8,440	10,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,020	5,200	4,815	11.1	11.8	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,050	5,096	9,160	7,050	5,096	9,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,265	44,080	46,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,190	18,795	16,390	39.0	42.6	35.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	71,500	54,400	63,200	71,500	54,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,400	79,600	59,700	70,400	79,600	59,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,170	11,940	13,230	27.9	27.1	28.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	34,000	25,000	28,400	34,000	25,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,200	44,640	32,400	38,200	44,640	32,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.0	91.8	83.0	88.0	91.8	83.0
Employment income (%)	73.8	76.2	70.6	73.8	76.2	70.6
Government transfers (%)	11.9	8.1	17.0	11.9	8.1	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.0	2.1	1.5	1.0	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,900	...	...	88,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,750	...	...	53,750	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,240	...	...	44,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,900	...	...	105,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	305	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	515	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,680	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,255	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,155	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,445	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,715	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,670	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,390	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,155	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,980	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,000	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,785	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,500	...	...	45.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,165	...	...	13.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,810	...	...	10.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,960	...	...	12.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,565	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	325	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	550	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,800	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,585	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,485	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,955	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,155	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,125	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,000	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,900	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,805	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,410	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,225	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,155	...	...	34.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,530	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,285	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,350	...	...	11.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,155	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,925	7,035	7,895	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	48,800	40,800	44,400	48,800	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	41,600	36,000	38,400	41,600	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,800	...	...	109,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	89,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	168,400	...	...	168,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,600	...	...	133,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,900	...	...	86,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,900	...	...	72,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,015	7,085	7,925	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,350	57,000	48,160	52,350	57,000	48,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,240	46,040	40,760	43,240	46,040	40,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	112,105	55,175	56,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,845	13,125	12,720	23.1	23.8	22.3
0 to 5 years	7,840	4,005	3,835	7.0	7.3	6.7
18 to 64 years	66,935	32,960	33,980	59.7	59.7	59.7
65 years and over	19,320	9,090	10,230	17.2	16.5	18.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,815	2,950	3,865	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,225	630	590	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	310	160	150	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,165	1,490	1,675	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,430	830	1,600	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.1	5.4	6.8	6.1	5.4	6.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	4.5	4.9	4.7	4.5	4.9
65 years and over (%)	12.6	9.2	15.6	12.6	9.2	15.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	112,105	55,175	56,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,845	13,125	12,720	23.1	23.8	22.3
0 to 5 years	7,840	4,005	3,835	7.0	7.3	6.7
18 to 64 years	66,935	32,960	33,980	59.7	59.7	59.7
65 years and over	19,320	9,090	10,230	17.2	16.5	18.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,260	1,100	1,165	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	355	175	180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	70	35	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,545	795	745	...	...	...
65 years and over	365	130	235	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.2
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.4	2.3	1.9	1.4	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	112,105	55,175	56,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,945	22,675	25,270	42.8	41.1	44.4
In bottom decile	5,600	2,510	3,090	5.0	4.5	5.4
In second decile	8,070	3,605	4,465	7.2	6.5	7.8
In third decile	9,785	4,660	5,130	8.7	8.4	9.0
In fourth decile	11,665	5,615	6,050	10.4	10.2	10.6
In fifth decile	12,820	6,280	6,540	11.4	11.4	11.5
In top half of the distribution	64,155	32,500	31,655	57.2	58.9	55.6
In sixth decile	13,760	6,880	6,880	12.3	12.5	12.1
In seventh decile	14,440	7,275	7,165	12.9	13.2	12.6
In eighth decile	14,145	7,180	6,965	12.6	13.0	12.2
In ninth decile	12,485	6,375	6,110	11.1	11.6	10.7
In top decile	9,325	4,790	4,535	8.3	8.7	8.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	112,100	...	...	112,100	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.289	...	...	0.289	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.384	...	...	0.384	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.247	...	...	0.247	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	113,500	55,700	57,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	750	385	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
French only	55,605	25,295	30,305	49.0	45.4	52.4
English and French	56,875	29,870	27,000	50.1	53.6	46.7
Neither English nor French	275	155	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	113,500	55,700	57,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,500	2,285	2,210	4.0	4.1	3.8
French	107,115	52,440	54,675	94.4	94.1	94.6
English and French	1,635	825	805	1.4	1.5	1.4
Neither English nor French	250	140	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	113,500	55,700	57,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,135	54,515	56,620	97.9	97.9	98.0
Official languages	106,700	52,350	54,350	94.0	94.0	94.0
English	3,535	1,805	1,730	3.1	3.2	3.0
French	103,165	50,540	52,625	90.9	90.7	91.0
Non-official languages	4,430	2,165	2,270	3.9	3.9	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,425	2,160	2,265	3.9	3.9	3.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	690	365	325	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	610	320	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	610	320	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,865	1,405	1,460	2.5	2.5	2.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	380	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	375	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	185	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	265	145	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	235	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	150	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,960	945	1,015	1.7	1.7	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	200	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	295	130	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,225	600	625	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	260	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	260	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,370	1,185	1,185	2.1	2.1	2.1
English and French	1,665	840	825	1.5	1.5	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	470	230	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	113,500	55,700	57,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,430	1,230	1,195	2.1	2.2	2.1
French	99,865	48,795	51,065	88.0	87.6	88.3
Non-official language	1,115	575	545	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,115	570	545	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	6,435	3,330	3,110	5.7	6.0	5.4
English and non-official language(s)	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,995	930	1,070	1.8	1.7	1.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,320	665	650	1.2	1.2	1.1
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	113,500	55,700	57,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,185	54,570	56,610	98.0	98.0	97.9
Official languages	109,090	53,520	55,570	96.1	96.1	96.1
English	3,820	1,935	1,885	3.4	3.5	3.3
French	105,270	51,580	53,685	92.7	92.6	92.9
Non-official languages	2,090	1,050	1,040	1.8	1.9	1.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,090	1,050	1,040	1.8	1.9	1.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,475	745	725	1.3	1.3	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	155	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,040	525	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	700	360	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,320	1,130	1,195	2.0	2.0	2.1
English and French	1,530	755	775	1.3	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	515	245	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	113,500	55,700	57,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	105,385	51,565	53,820	92.9	92.6	93.1
English	4,105	2,175	1,935	3.6	3.9	3.3
French	1,760	865	895	1.6	1.6	1.5
Non-official language	1,285	610	675	1.1	1.1	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,285	610	675	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and French	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	515	255	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,100	55,175	56,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,820	54,985	56,830	99.8	99.7	99.8
English	57,240	30,095	27,145	51.1	54.5	47.7
French	111,070	54,595	56,470	99.1	98.9	99.2
Non-official languages	9,545	4,515	5,030	8.5	8.2	8.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,545	4,515	5,030	8.5	8.2	8.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,130	600	530	1.0	1.1	0.9
Berber languages	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,080	585	500	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,070	575	495	1.0	1.0	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Merina	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	520	250	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian Creole	385	190	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,850	3,165	3,680	6.1	5.7	6.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	595	260	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	595	260	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	390	180	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	545	270	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	445	235	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	435	225	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	370	220	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	320	190	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	320	190	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	215	135	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,555	2,505	3,050	5.0	4.5	5.4
Catalan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	570	285	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	475	225	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	4,495	1,995	2,500	4.0	3.6	4.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	420	195	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	420	195	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,105	55,175	56,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,415	705	710	1.3	1.3	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,300	655	650	1.2	1.2	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	875	440	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis	415	205	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	110,690	54,470	56,220	98.7	98.7	98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,105	55,175	56,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	260	145	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	111,840	55,030	56,810	99.8	99.7	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,745	...	...	74.2	...	...
Renter	12,100	...	...	25.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,345	...	...	13.5	...	...
Not condominium	40,505	...	...	86.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,800	...	...	8.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,005	...	...	27.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,850	...	...	36.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,050	...	...	27.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,670	...	...	24.9	...	...
5 rooms	6,410	...	...	13.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,630	...	...	9.9	...	...
7 rooms	6,035	...	...	12.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	18,105	...	...	38.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,715	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,115	...	...	98.4	...	...
Not suitable	735	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,200	...	...	13.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,000	...	...	27.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,390	...	...	13.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,860	...	...	12.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,435	...	...	7.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,915	...	...	10.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,675	...	...	7.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,380	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,850	...	...	95.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,000	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,765	...	...	48.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,160	...	...	49.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	925	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	710	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,835	...	...	12.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,805	...	...	20.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,675	...	...	18.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,500	...	...	20.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,385	...	...	15.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,075	...	...	8.7	...	...
85 years and over	860	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	46,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,830	...	...	87.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,830	...	...	12.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,425	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,165	...	...	17.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,465	...	...	11.7	...	...
Not suitable only	640	...	...	1.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,660	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	305	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	38,685	...	...	82.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,895	...	...	4.1	...	...
Not in core need	44,360	...	...	95.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,620	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	70.1	...	...	70.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,356	...	...	1,356	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	422,000	...	...	422,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,095	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.5	...	...	23.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	952	...	...	952	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,100	55,175	56,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,290	610	680	1.2	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,285	595	680	1.1	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,200	560	645	1.1	1.0	1.1
Métis single ancestry	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,420	1,645	1,770	3.1	3.0	3.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,395	1,640	1,755	3.0	3.0	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,135	1,500	1,635	2.8	2.7	2.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	240	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	107,390	52,920	54,475	95.8	95.9	95.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,105	55,175	56,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	110,050	54,150	55,900	98.2	98.1	98.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,535	12,940	12,595	22.8	23.5	22.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,515	41,215	43,305	75.4	74.7	76.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,050	1,025	1,030	1.8	1.9	1.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,105	55,175	56,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,865	51,560	53,300	93.5	93.4	93.6
Immigrants⁸¹	6,705	3,290	3,420	6.0	6.0	6.0
Before 1980	1,150	605	545	1.0	1.1	1.0
1980 to 1990	575	275	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	850	435	410	0.8	0.8	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,990	950	1,040	1.8	1.7	1.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,135	1,025	1,110	1.9	1.9	1.9
2011 to 2015	1,365	695	675	1.2	1.3	1.2
2016 to 2021	770	330	440	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	530	320	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,705	3,290	3,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	800	405	395	11.9	12.3	11.5
5 to 14 years	1,205	620	590	18.0	18.8	17.3
15 to 24 years	980	430	550	14.6	13.1	16.1
25 to 44 years	3,380	1,635	1,745	50.4	49.7	51.0
45 years and over	345	200	145	5.1	6.1	4.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,705	3,290	3,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,635	730	905	24.4	22.2	26.5
Brazil	135	65	70	2.0	2.0	2.0
Colombia	280	120	165	4.2	3.6	4.8
El Salvador	45	25	15	0.7	0.8	0.4
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	300	150	145	4.5	4.6	4.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	100	25	75	1.5	0.8	2.2
Peru	125	60	65	1.9	1.8	1.9
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
United States of America	175	65	120	2.6	2.0	3.5
Other places of birth in Americas	450	215	235	6.7	6.5	6.9
Europe	2,595	1,310	1,285	38.7	39.8	37.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	1,275	675	600	19.0	20.5	17.5
Germany	80	35	50	1.2	1.1	1.5
Greece	30	25	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	85	45	40	1.3	1.4	1.2
Netherlands	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Poland	40	0	35	0.6	0.0	1.0
Portugal	90	45	45	1.3	1.4	1.3
Romania	145	55	90	2.2	1.7	2.6
Russian Federation	75	30	40	1.1	0.9	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95	50	40	1.4	1.5	1.2
Other places of birth in Europe	610	320	290	9.1	9.7	8.5
Africa	1,605	840	770	23.9	25.5	22.5
Algeria	320	160	155	4.8	4.9	4.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	20	15	0.5	0.6	0.4
Egypt	80	50	30	1.2	1.5	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	315	175	140	4.7	5.3	4.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	840	415	425	12.5	12.6	12.4
Asia	855	400	450	12.8	12.2	13.2
Afghanistan	125	75	50	1.9	2.3	1.5
Iran⁸⁸	75	40	30	1.1	1.2	0.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	50	20	25	0.7	0.6	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	210	80	130	3.1	2.4	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	10	30	0.5	0.3	0.9
Viet Nam	95	45	50	1.4	1.4	1.5
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
India	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Pakistan	45	25	15	0.7	0.8	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	150	60	90	2.2	1.8	2.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	775	330	445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	165	75	90	21.3	22.7	20.2
Brazil	50	25	15	6.5	7.6	3.4
Colombia	30	10	15	3.9	3.0	3.4
Haiti	15	0	10	1.9	0.0	2.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.2
United States of America	20	0	15	2.6	0.0	3.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	2.6	3.0	2.2
Other places of birth in Americas	30	20	10	3.9	6.1	2.2
Europe	300	115	185	38.7	34.8	41.6
France	160	65	95	20.6	19.7	21.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	25	3.2	0.0	5.6
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	110	45	70	14.2	13.6	15.7
Africa	195	95	100	25.2	28.8	22.5
Algeria	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	35	15	20	4.5	4.5	4.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	50	30	25	6.5	9.1	5.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	35	15	20	4.5	4.5	4.5
Other places of birth in Africa	50	30	20	6.5	9.1	4.5
Asia	110	45	60	14.2	13.6	13.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	25	10	5.2	7.6	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	20	10	0	2.6	3.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,105	55,175	56,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,790	3,845	3,945	6.9	7.0	6.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,055	3,660	3,395	6.3	6.6	6.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	97,260	47,675	49,585	86.8	86.4	87.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,555	2,685	2,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,555	1,780	1,780	64.0	66.3	61.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,620	990	630	29.2	36.9	21.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,940	790	1,145	34.9	29.4	39.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,380	585	795	24.8	21.8	27.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	595	310	285	10.7	11.5	9.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,555	2,685	2,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	270	140	135	4.9	5.2	4.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	575	280	295	10.4	10.4	10.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	215	90	115	3.9	3.4	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	295	170	125	5.3	6.3	4.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	15	30	0.9	0.6	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,150	1,985	2,170	74.7	73.9	75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,100	55,175	56,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,080	3,015	3,060	5.4	5.5	5.4
South Asian	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese	605	240	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Black	2,115	1,015	1,100	1.9	1.8	1.9
Filipino	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	855	455	395	0.8	0.8	0.7
Latin American	1,170	610	560	1.0	1.1	1.0
Southeast Asian	425	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	280	170	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	155	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	106,020	52,155	53,870	94.6	94.5	94.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,105	55,175	56,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	38,780	18,980	19,795	34.6	34.4	34.8
English	1,985	1,005	975	1.8	1.8	1.7
Irish	6,455	3,200	3,260	5.8	5.8	5.7
Scottish	2,455	1,300	1,160	2.2	2.4	2.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	33,115	16,485	16,630	29.5	29.9	29.2
German	1,835	935	895	1.6	1.7	1.6
Chinese	685	280	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
Italian	3,145	1,620	1,525	2.8	2.9	2.7
Indian (India)	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	365	225	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Dutch	295	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	580	295	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	15,045	7,370	7,675	13.4	13.4	13.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	335	190	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Filipino	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	9,315	4,430	4,890	8.3	8.0	8.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,445	1,200	1,245	2.2	2.2	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,125	1,020	1,100	1.9	1.8	1.9
Métis	335	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,555	705	855	1.4	1.3	1.5
Russian	270	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Welsh	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	610	265	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
American	665	340	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	1,045	455	595	0.9	0.8	1.0
Swedish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	1,220	535	685	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pakistani	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	490	260	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	320	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	335	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	860	460	405	0.8	0.8	0.7
Danish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	430	195	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	155	40	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belgian	1,220	625	600	1.1	1.1	1.1
Haitian	805	385	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hindu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	230	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	425	230	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	390	195	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	415	175	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	410	260	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
Czech	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syrian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	185	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	95	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	420	185	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	95	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	270	150	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	145	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	160	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latvian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	155	140	20	0.1	0.3	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dominican	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	335	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moldovan	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	375	170	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Norman	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Beninese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,105	55,175	56,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	72,980	34,945	38,040	65.1	63.3	66.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,425	2,665	2,760	4.8	4.8	4.8
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	210	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baptist	335	145	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	64,435	30,770	33,665	57.5	55.8	59.1
Christian Orthodox	730	365	365	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	335	125	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Latter Day Saints	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	285	135	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Presbyterian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Reformed	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	880	460	420	0.8	0.8	0.7
Hindu	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jewish	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	1,575	840	735	1.4	1.5	1.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	37,040	19,120	17,920	33.0	34.7	31.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,860	54,505	56,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	99,855	49,310	50,545	90.1	90.5	89.7
Movers	11,005	5,195	5,805	9.9	9.5	10.3
Non-migrants	3,540	1,635	1,905	3.2	3.0	3.4
Migrants	7,465	3,560	3,900	6.7	6.5	6.9
Internal migrants	7,240	3,410	3,830	6.5	6.3	6.8
Intraprovincial migrants	7,150	3,370	3,785	6.4	6.2	6.7
Interprovincial migrants	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	225	150	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,850	51,915	53,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,195	32,230	32,965	61.6	62.1	61.1
Movers	40,655	19,690	20,965	38.4	37.9	38.9
Non-migrants	9,845	4,810	5,040	9.3	9.3	9.3
Migrants	30,810	14,880	15,930	29.1	28.7	29.5
Internal migrants	29,835	14,380	15,460	28.2	27.7	28.7
Intraprovincial migrants	29,270	14,075	15,200	27.7	27.1	28.2
Interprovincial migrants	565	310	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
External migrants	975	500	470	0.9	1.0	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,265	44,080	46,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,515	8,635	6,880	17.2	19.6	14.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,750	35,445	39,305	82.8	80.4	85.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,950	29,235	30,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,585	4,060	2,525	11.0	13.9	8.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,365	25,180	28,185	89.0	86.1	91.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,265	44,080	46,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,485	7,270	6,210	14.9	16.5	13.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,065	9,455	9,610	21.1	21.4	20.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,715	27,355	30,365	63.9	62.1	65.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,605	18,240	18,360	40.6	41.4	39.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,565	8,815	5,750	16.1	20.0	12.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,275	5,220	5,055	11.4	11.8	10.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,290	3,585	700	4.8	8.1	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,010	7,820	10,185	20.0	17.7	22.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,030	1,610	2,420	4.5	3.7	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,115	9,115	12,000	23.4	20.7	26.0
Bachelor's degree	14,080	5,970	8,110	15.6	13.5	17.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,965	785	1,175	2.2	1.8	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	530	205	315	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	4,145	1,945	2,200	4.6	4.4	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	395	195	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,945	29,240	30,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,150	3,115	2,040	8.6	10.7	6.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,850	5,180	4,665	16.4	17.7	15.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,945	20,945	24,005	75.0	71.6	78.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,755	13,960	13,800	46.3	47.7	44.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,370	6,840	4,530	19.0	23.4	14.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,945	3,930	4,010	13.3	13.4	13.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,425	2,910	515	5.7	10.0	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,435	5,925	7,510	22.4	20.3	24.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,950	1,185	1,760	4.9	4.1	5.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,190	6,980	10,205	28.7	23.9	33.2
Bachelor's degree	11,450	4,675	6,770	19.1	16.0	22.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,555	560	995	2.6	1.9	3.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	425	135	290	0.7	0.5	0.9
Master's degree	3,455	1,480	1,975	5.8	5.1	6.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	305	130	180	0.5	0.4	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,265	44,080	46,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,550	16,730	15,820	36.1	38.0	34.3
Education	4,500	900	3,605	5.0	2.0	7.8
13. Education	4,500	900	3,605	5.0	2.0	7.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,380	945	1,435	2.6	2.1	3.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	385	230	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,990	715	1,280	2.2	1.6	2.8
Humanities	2,745	1,130	1,620	3.0	2.6	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	325	60	260	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,635	700	935	1.8	1.6	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	305	95	210	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,295	1,525	3,775	5.9	3.5	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	850	235	610	0.9	0.5	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,150	95	1,050	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,015	330	685	1.1	0.7	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	155	30	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	860	155	710	1.0	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,230	660	570	1.4	1.5	1.2
Business, management and public administration	14,280	5,490	8,790	15.8	12.5	19.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	785	135	645	0.9	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,495	5,350	8,140	15.0	12.1	17.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,515	845	670	1.7	1.9	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	530	235	295	0.6	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	275	150	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	385	290	95	0.4	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	80	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,375	1,660	715	2.6	3.8	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,025	1,515	510	2.2	3.4	1.1
25. Library science	135	10	120	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,735	10,635	1,100	13.0	24.1	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	460	225	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
14. Engineering	2,170	1,865	300	2.4	4.2	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,275	2,030	245	2.5	4.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,055	2,925	130	3.4	6.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,255	2,190	65	2.5	5.0	0.1
48. Precision production	1,510	1,395	115	1.7	3.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,310	620	690	1.5	1.4	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,070	495	580	1.2	1.1	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	235	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	7,110	1,200	5,900	7.9	2.7	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	435	220	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,520	950	5,565	7.2	2.2	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,465	2,410	2,060	4.9	5.5	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,050	470	1,580	2.3	1.1	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,425	1,095	330	1.6	2.5	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	965	820	150	1.1	1.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,950	29,235	30,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,005	8,295	6,710	25.0	28.4	21.8
Education	3,290	575	2,715	5.5	2.0	8.8
13. Education	3,290	575	2,715	5.5	2.0	8.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,905	735	1,180	3.2	2.5	3.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	310	180	125	0.5	0.6	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,600	550	1,050	2.7	1.9	3.4
Humanities	1,770	675	1,085	3.0	2.3	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	255	40	215	0.4	0.1	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,000	425	575	1.7	1.5	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	160	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	195	45	150	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,270	1,100	3,170	7.1	3.8	10.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	700	185	520	1.2	0.6	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	955	60	895	1.6	0.2	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	840	240	595	1.4	0.8	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	30	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	705	110	595	1.2	0.4	1.9
45. Social sciences	925	470	455	1.5	1.6	1.5
Business, management and public administration	11,175	4,100	7,075	18.6	14.0	23.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	620	100	520	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,555	3,995	6,560	17.6	13.7	21.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	965	525	440	1.6	1.8	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	425	170	260	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	285	200	75	0.5	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,045	1,470	575	3.4	5.0	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,785	1,360	420	3.0	4.7	1.4
25. Library science	100	15	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	75	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,470	8,485	985	15.8	29.0	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	365	165	200	0.6	0.6	0.7
14. Engineering	1,840	1,535	300	3.1	5.3	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,810	1,610	200	3.0	5.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,445	2,330	115	4.1	8.0	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,785	1,720	60	3.0	5.9	0.2
48. Precision production	1,225	1,120	105	2.0	3.8	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,060	460	600	1.8	1.6	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	855	360	495	1.4	1.2	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	205	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	5,420	870	4,555	9.0	3.0	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	350	165	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,940	690	4,250	8.2	2.4	13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,565	1,940	1,625	5.9	6.6	5.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,580	350	1,225	2.6	1.2	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,240	950	290	2.1	3.2	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	745	635	105	1.2	2.2	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,950	29,235	30,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,005	8,295	6,710	25.0	28.4	21.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	44,945	20,940	24,010	75.0	71.6	78.2
Location of study inside Canada	42,685	19,855	22,830	71.2	67.9	74.3
Same as province or territory of residence	41,965	19,450	22,515	70.0	66.5	73.3
Different than province or territory of residence	725	400	315	1.2	1.4	1.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,265	1,085	1,175	3.8	3.7	3.8
Americas	530	240	295	0.9	0.8	1.0
United States of America	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	90	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombia	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,120	575	545	1.9	2.0	1.8
Belgium	75	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	670	360	315	1.1	1.2	1.0
Germany	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	425	200	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	130	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Morocco	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	165	50	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	90	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oceania	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,265	44,080	46,185	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,890	31,970	30,920	...	...	...
Employed	59,850	30,400	29,450	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,040	1,575	1,470	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,375	12,110	15,265	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.7	72.5	66.9	69.7	72.5	66.9
Employment rate	66.3	69.0	63.8	66.3	69.0	63.8
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,265	44,080	46,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,410	11,480	14,925	29.3	26.0	32.3
Worked	63,855	32,595	31,260	70.7	73.9	67.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	36,040	19,390	16,650	39.9	44.0	36.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,815	13,210	14,610	30.8	30.0	31.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.8	43.5	42.2	42.8	43.5	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,890	31,970	30,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	325	450	1.2	1.0	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	62,115	31,645	30,470	98.8	99.0	98.5
Employee	54,345	27,130	27,215	86.4	84.9	88.0
Permanent position	47,155	23,795	23,355	75.0	74.4	75.5
Temporary position	7,190	3,335	3,855	11.4	10.4	12.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,150	830	1,315	3.4	2.6	4.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,040	2,505	2,535	8.0	7.8	8.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,775	4,515	3,260	12.4	14.1	10.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,890	31,970	30,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	325	450	1.2	1.0	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	62,115	31,645	30,470	98.8	99.0	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,590	1,145	450	2.5	3.6	1.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,110	3,805	8,305	19.3	11.9	26.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,270	4,155	1,115	8.4	13.0	3.6
3 Health occupations	5,065	765	4,300	8.1	2.4	13.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,345	2,450	5,905	13.3	7.7	19.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,970	990	975	3.1	3.1	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	14,075	6,455	7,620	22.4	20.2	24.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,370	9,460	910	16.5	29.6	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	910	750	160	1.4	2.3	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,415	1,675	745	3.8	5.2	2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,890	31,970	30,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	325	450	1.2	1.0	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	62,115	31,645	30,470	98.8	99.0	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	785	535	250	1.2	1.7	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	100	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	710	485	230	1.1	1.5	0.7
23 Construction	5,440	4,605	835	8.7	14.4	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	6,885	4,750	2,140	10.9	14.9	6.9
41 Wholesale trade	2,105	1,445	660	3.3	4.5	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	7,735	3,760	3,970	12.3	11.8	12.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,475	1,825	645	3.9	5.7	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	1,485	955	525	2.4	3.0	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	3,120	1,410	1,715	5.0	4.4	5.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	920	420	500	1.5	1.3	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,095	2,725	2,375	8.1	8.5	7.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,790	1,090	700	2.8	3.4	2.3
61 Educational services	4,825	1,240	3,580	7.7	3.9	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	8,220	1,310	6,910	13.1	4.1	22.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,015	550	470	1.6	1.7	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,665	1,200	1,470	4.2	3.8	4.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,705	1,195	1,505	4.3	3.7	4.9
91 Public administration	3,915	2,010	1,900	6.2	6.3	6.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	66,885	34,000	32,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,395	815	580	2.1	2.4	1.8
French	48,915	23,920	24,995	73.1	70.4	76.0
Non-official language	125	110	15	0.2	0.3	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	110	15	0.2	0.3	0.0
English and French	16,020	8,925	7,095	24.0	26.3	21.6
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	310	160	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	66,885	34,000	32,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,690	32,770	31,920	96.7	96.4	97.1
Official languages	64,530	32,640	31,890	96.5	96.0	97.0
English	3,865	2,265	1,600	5.8	6.7	4.9
French	60,665	30,375	30,290	90.7	89.3	92.1
Non-official languages	155	130	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	155	130	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	120	120	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	120	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	120	120	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,200	1,230	965	3.3	3.6	2.9
English and French	2,135	1,195	935	3.2	3.5	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	66,885	34,000	32,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	52,555	26,035	26,520	78.6	76.6	80.6
English	11,550	6,355	5,195	17.3	18.7	15.8
French	2,415	1,415	1,005	3.6	4.2	3.1
Non-official language	115	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	115	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,850	30,395	29,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,655	6,440	7,215	22.8	21.2	24.5
Worked outside Canada	75	60	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,790	5,255	1,535	11.3	17.3	5.2
Usual place of work	39,330	18,640	20,690	65.7	61.3	70.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,335	18,640	20,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,555	3,755	4,800	21.7	20.1	23.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,985	2,545	3,445	15.2	13.7	16.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	24,710	12,280	12,425	62.8	65.9	60.1
Commute to a different province or territory	75	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	46,120	23,900	22,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	41,475	21,775	19,700	89.9	91.1	88.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,390	20,800	18,595	85.4	87.0	83.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,085	975	1,105	4.5	4.1	5.0
Public transit	1,780	825	955	3.9	3.5	4.3
Walked	1,805	730	1,075	3.9	3.1	4.8
Bicycle	445	290	150	1.0	1.2	0.7
Other method	615	275	345	1.3	1.2	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	46,120	23,900	22,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,070	5,365	6,695	26.2	22.4	30.1
15 to 29 minutes	14,570	7,155	7,410	31.6	29.9	33.3
30 to 44 minutes	12,030	6,845	5,180	26.1	28.6	23.3
45 to 59 minutes	4,400	2,750	1,655	9.5	11.5	7.4
60 minutes and over	3,055	1,775	1,275	6.6	7.4	5.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	46,120	23,900	22,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,445	3,650	795	9.6	15.3	3.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,250	5,800	3,450	20.1	24.3	15.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,640	6,135	7,505	29.6	25.7	33.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,550	3,200	5,350	18.5	13.4	24.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,185	1,595	2,590	9.1	6.7	11.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,055	3,520	2,535	13.1	14.7	11.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,235	13,305	12,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,095	1,555	1,535	11.8	11.7	11.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,140	11,745	11,395	88.2	88.3	88.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,390	9,800	9,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,295	1,155	1,140	11.8	11.8	11.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,635	830	805	8.4	8.5	8.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	665	325	335	3.4	3.3	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,090	8,645	8,445	88.1	88.2	88.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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