Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Beloeil--ChamblyMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	125,359	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	117,343	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,769	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	50,740	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	331.9	...	...	331.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	377.68	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	125,360	61,455	63,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24,235	12,310	11,925	19.3	20.0	18.7
0 to 4 years	7,060	3,610	3,450	5.6	5.9	5.4
5 to 9 years	8,520	4,315	4,205	6.8	7.0	6.6
10 to 14 years	8,655	4,380	4,270	6.9	7.1	6.7
15 to 64 years	78,340	38,710	39,635	62.5	63.0	62.0
15 to 19 years	6,880	3,465	3,420	5.5	5.6	5.4
20 to 24 years	5,300	2,720	2,580	4.2	4.4	4.0
25 to 29 years	6,370	3,150	3,220	5.1	5.1	5.0
30 to 34 years	7,555	3,640	3,915	6.0	5.9	6.1
35 to 39 years	8,875	4,270	4,605	7.1	6.9	7.2
40 to 44 years	9,825	4,885	4,940	7.8	7.9	7.7
45 to 49 years	8,340	4,200	4,140	6.7	6.8	6.5
50 to 54 years	7,845	3,895	3,950	6.3	6.3	6.2
55 to 59 years	8,925	4,420	4,505	7.1	7.2	7.0
60 to 64 years	8,420	4,065	4,355	6.7	6.6	6.8
65 years and over	22,790	10,445	12,345	18.2	17.0	19.3
65 to 69 years	6,975	3,305	3,670	5.6	5.4	5.7
70 to 74 years	6,255	2,935	3,320	5.0	4.8	5.2
75 to 79 years	4,420	2,115	2,310	3.5	3.4	3.6
80 to 84 years	2,670	1,145	1,520	2.1	1.9	2.4
85 years and over	2,460	940	1,525	2.0	1.5	2.4
85 to 89 years	1,635	695	935	1.3	1.1	1.5
90 to 94 years	655	205	450	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	155	35	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.3	20.0	18.7	19.3	20.0	18.7
15 to 64 years	62.5	63.0	62.0	62.5	63.0	62.0
65 years and over	18.2	17.0	19.3	18.2	17.0	19.3
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.4	2.0	1.5	2.4
Average age of the population	41.1	40.3	41.8	41.1	40.3	41.8
Median age of the population	41.6	41.2	42.4	41.6	41.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	31,175	...	...	61.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,820	...	...	5.6	...	...
Row house	1,410	...	...	2.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,960	...	...	3.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,955	...	...	25.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,625	...	...	26.9	...	...
2 persons	18,160	...	...	35.8	...	...
3 persons	7,625	...	...	15.0	...	...
4 persons	7,835	...	...	15.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,495	...	...	6.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	122,905	60,630	62,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	101,125	49,150	51,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	63,010	31,460	31,550	62.3	64.0	60.7
Married	31,675	15,830	15,845	31.3	32.2	30.5
Living common-law	31,335	15,635	15,705	31.0	31.8	30.2
Living common law - Never married	25,550	12,705	12,845	25.3	25.8	24.7
Living common law - Separated	275	155	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,960	2,530	2,430	4.9	5.1	4.7
Living common law - Widowed	560	250	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	38,115	17,690	20,425	37.7	36.0	39.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,965	13,610	12,355	25.7	27.7	23.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,085	495	590	1.1	1.0	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,260	2,425	3,830	6.2	4.9	7.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,800	1,155	3,650	4.7	2.3	7.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	36,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,380	...	...	50.4	...	...
3 persons	7,450	...	...	20.4	...	...
4 persons	7,750	...	...	21.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,880	...	...	7.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	31,110	...	...	85.3	...	...
Married couples	15,440	...	...	42.4	...	...
With children⁶	6,820	...	...	18.7	...	...
Without children	8,625	...	...	23.7	...	...
Common-law couples	15,665	...	...	43.0	...	...
With children⁶	8,955	...	...	24.6	...	...
Without children	6,710	...	...	18.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,350	...	...	14.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,690	...	...	10.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,660	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	122,905	60,630	62,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	105,275	52,345	52,930	85.7	86.3	85.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	62,220	31,060	31,160	50.6	51.2	50.0
Parents in one-parent families	5,350	1,660	3,690	4.4	2.7	5.9
Children⁶	37,705	19,630	18,075	30.7	32.4	29.0
In a two-parent family	29,445	15,240	14,205	24.0	25.1	22.8
In a one-parent family	8,260	4,385	3,870	6.7	7.2	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,630	8,285	9,345	14.3	13.7	15.0
Living alone	13,620	6,300	7,325	11.1	10.4	11.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,840	750	1,085	1.5	1.2	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	2,170	1,230	935	1.8	2.0	1.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	34,205	...	...	67.4	...	...
Couple-family households	29,450	...	...	58.0	...	...
With children⁶	14,985	...	...	29.5	...	...
Without children	14,475	...	...	28.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,750	...	...	9.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	765	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	885	...	...	1.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,100	...	...	2.2	...	...
One-person households	13,625	...	...	26.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	98,675	48,330	50,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,625	47,350	49,275	97.9	98.0	97.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	56,400	43,200	49,200	56,400	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,665	47,370	49,290	98.0	98.0	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	47,200	38,000	42,400	47,200	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,920	45,305	45,610	92.1	93.7	90.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,800	34,000	42,000	50,800	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,270	38,530	36,740	76.3	79.7	73.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	52,400	38,000	44,400	52,400	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,305	33,775	41,530	76.3	69.9	82.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,100	11,200	10,200	9,100	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,560	5,845	5,715	11.7	12.1	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,160	6,000	5,520	5,160	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,620	13,770	12,855	27.0	28.5	25.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,500	6,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	98,680	48,340	50,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,690	47,370	49,315	98.0	98.0	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,350	68,400	50,640	59,350	68,400	50,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,730	47,395	49,335	98.0	98.0	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,680	53,500	42,040	47,680	53,500	42,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,885	45,265	45,625	92.1	93.6	90.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,300	63,450	43,200	53,300	63,450	43,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,270	38,475	36,795	76.3	79.6	73.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,750	61,500	45,600	53,750	61,500	45,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,425	33,800	41,625	76.4	69.9	82.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,890	10,940	12,670	11,890	10,940	12,670
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,760	5,905	5,865	11.9	12.2	11.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,360	5,915	8,820	7,360	5,915	8,820
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,640	13,645	12,995	27.0	28.2	25.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,230	7,970	7,600	7,230	7,970
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	98,680	48,340	50,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,110	20,995	18,120	39.6	43.4	36.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	74,000	58,000	67,000	74,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,100	84,200	66,700	76,100	84,200	66,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,145	13,720	15,430	29.5	28.4	30.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	25,600	18,800	21,200	25,600	18,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,400	39,880	27,600	33,400	39,880	27,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.4	88.6	78.8	84.4	88.6	78.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.4	73.0	67.2	70.4	73.0	67.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.6	11.4	21.1	15.6	11.4	21.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.1	2.1	1.5	1.1	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	3.4	5.0	4.1	3.4	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	3.0	4.2	3.5	3.0	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	98,680	48,330	50,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,050	980	1,070	2.1	2.0	2.1
With total income	96,625	47,350	49,280	97.9	98.0	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,795	2,415	3,375	6.0	5.1	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	9,015	3,325	5,690	9.3	7.0	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	12,320	5,015	7,305	12.8	10.6	14.8
$30,000 to $39,999	10,765	4,560	6,205	11.1	9.6	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	11,340	5,225	6,110	11.7	11.0	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	10,415	4,960	5,450	10.8	10.5	11.1
$60,000 to $69,999	8,465	4,400	4,065	8.8	9.3	8.2
$70,000 to $79,999	6,695	3,770	2,925	6.9	8.0	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	5,750	3,250	2,505	6.0	6.9	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	4,110	2,385	1,720	4.3	5.0	3.5
$100,000 and over	11,965	8,040	3,920	12.4	17.0	8.0
$100,000 to $149,999	8,440	5,435	3,005	8.7	11.5	6.1
$150,000 and over	3,525	2,610	920	3.6	5.5	1.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	98,680	48,330	50,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,010	955	1,055	2.0	2.0	2.1
With after-tax income	96,665	47,370	49,295	98.0	98.0	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,375	2,580	3,800	6.6	5.4	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,605	3,595	6,005	9.9	7.6	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	14,620	6,010	8,610	15.1	12.7	17.5
$30,000 to $39,999	14,120	6,395	7,730	14.6	13.5	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	14,385	7,055	7,335	14.9	14.9	14.9
$50,000 to $59,999	11,770	6,185	5,585	12.2	13.1	11.3
$60,000 to $69,999	8,910	5,010	3,900	9.2	10.6	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,985	3,355	2,630	6.2	7.1	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,815	2,325	1,490	3.9	4.9	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,250	1,440	810	2.3	3.0	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,825	3,425	1,400	5.0	7.2	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,550	1,715	835	2.6	3.6	1.7
$125,000 and over	2,275	1,710	565	2.4	3.6	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	98,680	48,330	50,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,405	9,800	13,610	23.7	20.3	27.0
With employment income	75,270	38,535	36,735	76.3	79.7	73.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,670	4,480	4,185	11.5	11.6	11.4
$5,000 to $9,999	5,130	2,190	2,940	6.8	5.7	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,915	3,310	4,610	10.5	8.6	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,380	2,610	3,770	8.5	6.8	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,365	2,825	3,540	8.5	7.3	9.6
$40,000 to $49,999	6,975	3,100	3,875	9.3	8.0	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	6,520	3,280	3,240	8.7	8.5	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,670	3,110	2,565	7.5	8.1	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,785	2,785	2,000	6.4	7.2	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,490	2,475	2,010	6.0	6.4	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,035	1,910	1,125	4.0	5.0	3.1
$100,000 and over	9,345	6,465	2,880	12.4	16.8	7.8
$100,000 to $124,999	4,635	3,045	1,585	6.2	7.9	4.3
$125,000 and over	4,710	3,420	1,290	6.3	8.9	3.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	98,675	48,330	50,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,845	46,450	48,395	96.1	96.1	96.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	56,000	41,200	47,600	56,000	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,900	46,460	48,440	96.2	96.1	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	46,800	36,400	41,200	46,800	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,480	44,570	44,915	90.7	92.2	89.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	52,800	35,200	42,800	52,800	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,180	38,415	36,765	76.2	79.5	73.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	54,000	38,400	44,800	54,000	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,985	28,965	38,025	67.9	59.9	75.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,200	8,600	7,500	5,200	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,935	5,725	5,210	11.1	11.8	10.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,720	4,000	6,000	4,720	4,000	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	98,680	48,340	50,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,855	46,405	48,450	96.1	96.0	96.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,100	67,100	47,560	57,100	67,100	47,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,925	46,415	48,515	96.2	96.0	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,440	51,700	39,400	45,440	51,700	39,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,430	44,545	44,885	90.6	92.1	89.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,600	64,500	42,800	53,600	64,500	42,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,270	38,395	36,875	76.3	79.4	73.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,400	62,050	44,360	53,400	62,050	44,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,165	29,005	38,160	68.1	60.0	75.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,290	8,300	10,030	9,290	8,300	10,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,960	5,695	5,260	11.1	11.8	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,170	5,092	9,430	7,170	5,092	9,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	98,680	48,340	50,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,960	20,910	18,045	39.5	43.3	35.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	72,500	54,400	63,600	72,500	54,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,400	81,100	60,100	71,400	81,100	60,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,510	12,995	14,515	27.9	26.9	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,200	33,600	25,000	28,200	33,600	25,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,960	46,040	32,600	38,960	46,040	32,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.4	92.2	83.4	88.4	92.2	83.4
Employment income (%)	74.2	76.6	71.0	74.2	76.6	71.0
Government transfers (%)	11.5	7.7	16.6	11.5	7.7	16.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	0.9	2.2	1.5	0.9	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	50,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,625	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	50,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,100	...	...	113,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,900	...	...	90,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,625	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,600	...	...	54,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,760	...	...	44,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...	134,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,800	...	...	107,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	315	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	535	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,735	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,300	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,215	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,525	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,795	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,765	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,555	...	...	7.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,370	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,170	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,215	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,995	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,930	...	...	47.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,665	...	...	13.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,275	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,655	...	...	13.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,335	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	340	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	575	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,875	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,650	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,565	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,060	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,255	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,235	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,260	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,155	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,070	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,655	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,520	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,130	...	...	35.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,175	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,770	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,185	...	...	12.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	36,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	151,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,795	7,530	8,255	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	49,200	40,800	44,400	49,200	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	41,600	36,400	38,800	41,600	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	36,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,800	...	...	134,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,800	...	...	107,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,900	...	...	111,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,400	...	...	90,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	171,600	...	...	171,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,400	...	...	135,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...	88,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,600	...	...	73,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,860	7,545	8,310	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,100	58,000	48,720	53,100	58,000	48,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,680	46,600	41,080	43,680	46,600	41,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	122,900	60,630	62,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,615	14,520	14,100	23.3	23.9	22.6
0 to 5 years	8,775	4,480	4,295	7.1	7.4	6.9
18 to 64 years	73,770	36,410	37,365	60.0	60.1	60.0
65 years and over	20,510	9,700	10,810	16.7	16.0	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,265	3,180	4,085	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,325	685	635	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	340	175	170	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,405	1,615	1,790	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,540	875	1,660	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.9	5.3	6.6	5.9	5.3	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6	4.7	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	4.4	4.8	4.6	4.4	4.8
65 years and over (%)	12.4	9.0	15.4	12.4	9.0	15.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	122,905	60,630	62,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,620	14,515	14,100	23.3	23.9	22.6
0 to 5 years	8,775	4,480	4,300	7.1	7.4	6.9
18 to 64 years	73,775	36,410	37,360	60.0	60.1	60.0
65 years and over	20,515	9,705	10,810	16.7	16.0	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,485	1,225	1,260	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	400	200	200	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	85	45	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,695	880	810	...	...	...
65 years and over	395	140	255	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.2
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.5	2.3	1.9	1.5	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	122,905	60,630	62,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,385	24,385	27,000	41.8	40.2	43.4
In bottom decile	5,970	2,710	3,260	4.9	4.5	5.2
In second decile	8,585	3,870	4,715	7.0	6.4	7.6
In third decile	10,410	4,965	5,445	8.5	8.2	8.7
In fourth decile	12,525	6,030	6,500	10.2	9.9	10.4
In fifth decile	13,890	6,810	7,085	11.3	11.2	11.4
In top half of the distribution	71,515	36,245	35,270	58.2	59.8	56.6
In sixth decile	14,990	7,500	7,495	12.2	12.4	12.0
In seventh decile	15,815	7,970	7,845	12.9	13.1	12.6
In eighth decile	15,630	7,935	7,690	12.7	13.1	12.3
In ninth decile	14,045	7,170	6,875	11.4	11.8	11.0
In top decile	11,040	5,670	5,375	9.0	9.4	8.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	122,905	...	...	122,905	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.295	...	...	0.295	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.387	...	...	0.387	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.251	...	...	0.251	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	124,310	61,160	63,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	970	500	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
French only	59,985	27,365	32,615	48.3	44.7	51.6
English and French	63,025	33,110	29,920	50.7	54.1	47.4
Neither English nor French	325	185	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	124,310	61,160	63,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	5,335	2,730	2,605	4.3	4.5	4.1
French	116,660	57,220	59,440	93.8	93.6	94.1
English and French	2,010	1,040	975	1.6	1.7	1.5
Neither English nor French	305	170	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	124,310	61,160	63,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	121,615	59,805	61,810	97.8	97.8	97.9
Official languages	116,170	57,125	59,040	93.5	93.4	93.5
English	4,090	2,095	1,995	3.3	3.4	3.2
French	112,080	55,030	57,050	90.2	90.0	90.3
Non-official languages	5,445	2,685	2,765	4.4	4.4	4.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,440	2,680	2,760	4.4	4.4	4.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	835	440	395	0.7	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	745	390	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	745	390	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,535	1,760	1,775	2.8	2.9	2.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	455	200	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	445	200	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	210	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	440	250	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	385	220	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	370	210	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	285	170	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian Persian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,330	1,140	1,195	1.9	1.9	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	235	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	350	155	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	320	150	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Spanish	1,425	700	720	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	340	150	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	340	150	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,690	1,355	1,340	2.2	2.2	2.1
English and French	1,860	950	910	1.5	1.6	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	550	265	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	124,310	61,160	63,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,885	1,475	1,410	2.3	2.4	2.2
French	108,390	53,085	55,305	87.2	86.8	87.6
Non-official language	1,425	735	690	1.1	1.2	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,420	735	690	1.1	1.2	1.1
English and French	7,175	3,715	3,460	5.8	6.1	5.5
English and non-official language(s)	405	210	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	2,340	1,090	1,240	1.9	1.8	2.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,630	815	810	1.3	1.3	1.3
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	124,310	61,160	63,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	121,630	59,855	61,775	97.8	97.9	97.8
Official languages	119,005	58,520	60,485	95.7	95.7	95.8
English	4,555	2,325	2,235	3.7	3.8	3.5
French	114,450	56,200	58,250	92.1	91.9	92.2
Non-official languages	2,620	1,335	1,295	2.1	2.2	2.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,625	1,330	1,295	2.1	2.2	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,835	950	890	1.5	1.6	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	285	150	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	250	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	245	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	185	105	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,245	635	610	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	830	425	400	0.7	0.7	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	245	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	240	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,680	1,305	1,375	2.2	2.1	2.2
English and French	1,715	850	860	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	615	285	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	124,310	61,160	63,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	114,970	56,410	58,560	92.5	92.2	92.7
English	4,575	2,415	2,165	3.7	3.9	3.4
French	2,050	1,005	1,040	1.6	1.6	1.6
Non-official language	1,530	720	805	1.2	1.2	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,525	720	805	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	275	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	600	300	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	122,905	60,630	62,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	122,545	60,390	62,155	99.7	99.6	99.8
English	63,590	33,410	30,180	51.7	55.1	48.5
French	121,595	59,915	61,685	98.9	98.8	99.1
Non-official languages	11,185	5,325	5,860	9.1	8.8	9.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,185	5,325	5,855	9.1	8.8	9.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,305	690	625	1.1	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,250	670	585	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,235	660	580	1.0	1.1	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Merina	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	625	300	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian Creole	450	225	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,000	3,765	4,240	6.5	6.2	6.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	695	310	385	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	685	310	375	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	455	205	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	600	305	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	490	270	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	480	260	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	700	400	295	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	160	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	615	345	260	0.5	0.6	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	615	345	260	0.5	0.6	0.4
Dari	505	290	215	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iranian Persian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,280	2,870	3,405	5.1	4.7	5.5
Catalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	700	350	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	530	260	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	385	190	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	5,000	2,250	2,750	4.1	3.7	4.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	365	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	125	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	100	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	490	220	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	490	220	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	355	155	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	122,905	60,630	62,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,510	750	760	1.2	1.2	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,385	695	695	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	910	455	455	0.7	0.8	0.7
Métis	470	225	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	121,395	59,885	61,515	98.8	98.8	98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	122,905	60,630	62,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	275	155	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	122,625	60,475	62,150	99.8	99.7	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	38,305	...	...	75.5	...	...
Renter	12,435	...	...	24.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,750	...	...	13.3	...	...
Not condominium	43,990	...	...	86.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	4,010	...	...	7.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,640	...	...	26.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,330	...	...	36.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,610	...	...	28.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,150	...	...	23.9	...	...
5 rooms	6,795	...	...	13.4	...	...
6 rooms	5,045	...	...	9.9	...	...
7 rooms	6,475	...	...	12.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,280	...	...	40.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	50,570	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	170	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	49,935	...	...	98.4	...	...
Not suitable	805	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,505	...	...	12.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,645	...	...	26.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,770	...	...	13.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,130	...	...	12.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,970	...	...	7.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,205	...	...	10.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,230	...	...	8.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,285	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,585	...	...	95.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,155	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,270	...	...	47.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,420	...	...	50.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,050	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	735	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,395	...	...	12.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,765	...	...	21.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,610	...	...	18.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,270	...	...	20.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,795	...	...	15.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,275	...	...	8.4	...	...
85 years and over	885	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	50,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,265	...	...	87.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,265	...	...	12.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,835	...	...	11.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	50,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,795	...	...	17.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,880	...	...	11.6	...	...
Not suitable only	700	...	...	1.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,795	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	325	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,945	...	...	82.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	50,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,965	...	...	3.9	...	...
Not in core need	48,130	...	...	96.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	38,170	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	70.4	...	...	70.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,384	...	...	1,384	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	438,400	...	...	438,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,425	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.4	...	...	23.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	957	...	...	957	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	122,900	60,630	62,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,455	685	765	1.2	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,440	670	765	1.2	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,335	620	715	1.1	1.0	1.1
Métis single ancestry	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,610	1,725	1,880	2.9	2.8	3.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,590	1,715	1,870	2.9	2.8	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,325	1,580	1,750	2.7	2.6	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	117,840	58,220	59,620	95.9	96.0	95.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	122,900	60,630	62,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	120,565	59,480	61,085	98.1	98.1	98.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	28,200	14,265	13,935	22.9	23.5	22.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	92,365	45,215	47,150	75.2	74.6	75.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,340	1,150	1,190	1.9	1.9	1.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	122,900	60,630	62,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	114,485	56,425	58,060	93.2	93.1	93.2
Immigrants⁸¹	7,815	3,850	3,960	6.4	6.3	6.4
Before 1980	1,245	670	575	1.0	1.1	0.9
1980 to 1990	665	330	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	1,035	525	510	0.8	0.9	0.8
2001 to 2010	2,380	1,145	1,235	1.9	1.9	2.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,485	1,190	1,300	2.0	2.0	2.1
2011 to 2015	1,590	805	785	1.3	1.3	1.3
2016 to 2021	900	385	515	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	605	350	250	0.5	0.6	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,815	3,855	3,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	940	485	455	12.0	12.6	11.5
5 to 14 years	1,400	715	685	17.9	18.5	17.3
15 to 24 years	1,145	500	645	14.7	13.0	16.3
25 to 44 years	3,910	1,910	2,000	50.0	49.5	50.5
45 years and over	420	245	175	5.4	6.4	4.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,815	3,855	3,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,795	820	980	23.0	21.3	24.7
Brazil	145	70	80	1.9	1.8	2.0
Colombia	310	135	175	4.0	3.5	4.4
El Salvador	45	25	15	0.6	0.6	0.4
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	325	170	155	4.2	4.4	3.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	105	30	75	1.3	0.8	1.9
Peru	135	65	75	1.7	1.7	1.9
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
United States of America	210	80	130	2.7	2.1	3.3
Other places of birth in Americas	505	245	260	6.5	6.4	6.6
Europe	2,915	1,495	1,420	37.3	38.8	35.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	1,430	770	665	18.3	20.0	16.8
Germany	90	40	50	1.2	1.0	1.3
Greece	30	25	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	115	75	40	1.5	1.9	1.0
Netherlands	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Poland	45	10	35	0.6	0.3	0.9
Portugal	100	50	50	1.3	1.3	1.3
Romania	210	80	130	2.7	2.1	3.3
Russian Federation	80	40	40	1.0	1.0	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	40	0	35	0.5	0.0	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	55	50	1.3	1.4	1.3
Other places of birth in Europe	625	325	295	8.0	8.4	7.4
Africa	1,905	970	935	24.4	25.2	23.6
Algeria	320	160	165	4.1	4.2	4.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	50	30	1.0	1.3	0.8
Egypt	95	65	35	1.2	1.7	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	425	220	205	5.4	5.7	5.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	965	460	500	12.3	11.9	12.6
Asia	1,195	570	625	15.3	14.8	15.8
Afghanistan	285	155	125	3.6	4.0	3.2
Iran⁸⁸	85	55	30	1.1	1.4	0.8
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	65	30	40	0.8	0.8	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	250	95	150	3.2	2.5	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	10	30	0.4	0.3	0.8
Viet Nam	115	50	65	1.5	1.3	1.6
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
India	40	20	15	0.5	0.5	0.4
Pakistan	70	50	20	0.9	1.3	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	170	70	100	2.2	1.8	2.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	895	385	510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	195	90	100	21.8	23.4	19.6
Brazil	45	30	20	5.0	7.8	3.9
Colombia	30	10	20	3.4	2.6	3.9
Haiti	25	10	15	2.8	2.6	2.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.0
United States of America	25	0	25	2.8	0.0	4.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	10	2.2	0.0	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	25	10	3.9	6.5	2.0
Europe	365	145	225	40.8	37.7	44.1
France	215	100	120	24.0	26.0	23.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	20	2.2	0.0	3.9
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	120	40	80	13.4	10.4	15.7
Africa	205	95	110	22.9	24.7	21.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	35	15	20	3.9	3.9	3.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	50	25	25	5.6	6.5	4.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	40	15	25	4.5	3.9	4.9
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	25	6.1	7.8	4.9
Asia	130	55	75	14.5	14.3	14.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	25	15	4.5	6.5	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	10	0	1.7	2.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	122,905	60,630	62,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,035	4,465	4,570	7.4	7.4	7.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,150	4,240	3,910	6.6	7.0	6.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	105,715	51,925	53,795	86.0	85.6	86.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,570	3,185	3,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,145	2,085	2,060	63.1	65.5	60.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,875	1,155	720	28.5	36.3	21.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,270	925	1,340	34.6	29.0	39.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,555	635	915	23.7	19.9	27.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	830	450	380	12.6	14.1	11.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	45	20	25	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,570	3,185	3,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	340	165	175	5.2	5.2	5.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	665	330	340	10.1	10.4	10.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	250	110	145	3.8	3.5	4.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	320	180	135	4.9	5.7	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	25	35	1.0	0.8	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,935	2,385	2,560	75.1	74.9	75.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	122,905	60,630	62,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,310	3,565	3,745	5.9	5.9	6.0
South Asian	300	160	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese	690	270	425	0.6	0.4	0.7
Black	2,475	1,185	1,290	2.0	2.0	2.1
Filipino	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	1,095	535	560	0.9	0.9	0.9
Latin American	1,270	645	625	1.0	1.1	1.0
Southeast Asian	485	240	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	535	310	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korean	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	115,590	57,060	58,530	94.0	94.1	94.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	122,905	60,630	62,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	42,205	20,740	21,465	34.3	34.2	34.5
English	2,280	1,130	1,155	1.9	1.9	1.9
Irish	7,145	3,540	3,615	5.8	5.8	5.8
Scottish	2,715	1,440	1,280	2.2	2.4	2.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	35,820	17,895	17,930	29.1	29.5	28.8
German	2,000	1,020	990	1.6	1.7	1.6
Chinese	805	320	480	0.7	0.5	0.8
Italian	3,615	1,845	1,770	2.9	3.0	2.8
Indian (India)	295	155	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukrainian	455	265	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Dutch	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Polish	665	335	325	0.5	0.6	0.5
Québécois	16,730	8,235	8,495	13.6	13.6	13.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	390	225	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Filipino	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	10,030	4,800	5,230	8.2	7.9	8.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,635	1,305	1,335	2.1	2.2	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,260	1,070	1,190	1.8	1.8	1.9
Métis	365	195	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,705	775	935	1.4	1.3	1.5
Russian	280	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Welsh	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	725	320	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
American	690	360	335	0.6	0.6	0.5
Spanish	1,145	505	640	0.9	0.8	1.0
Swedish	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	255	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	1,330	590	735	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pakistani	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	570	285	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	285	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	460	195	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Greek	385	200	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	425	220	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Lebanese	270	150	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	940	490	455	0.8	0.8	0.7
Danish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	475	220	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	155	45	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belgian	1,300	675	630	1.1	1.1	1.0
Haitian	890	425	465	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hindu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	290	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	455	235	215	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	385	200	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	270	165	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	485	210	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	530	300	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Czech	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syrian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	420	250	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	185	85	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Brazilian	185	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	460	205	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	255	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	275	150	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	140	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	105	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	90	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latvian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	190	85	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guatemalan	165	145	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Coptic	80	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dominican	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	350	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moldovan	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	180	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	180	70	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	400	170	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Norman	205	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	60	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Beninese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	122,905	60,630	62,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	79,485	38,245	41,245	64.7	63.1	66.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,950	2,935	3,015	4.8	4.8	4.8
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	255	100	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baptist	360	155	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	70,085	33,660	36,425	57.0	55.5	58.5
Christian Orthodox	835	405	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	335	125	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Presbyterian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	150	90	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	970	495	480	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hindu	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	2,150	1,110	1,040	1.7	1.8	1.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	40,650	20,955	19,695	33.1	34.6	31.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	121,530	59,885	61,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	109,055	53,980	55,080	89.7	90.1	89.4
Movers	12,475	5,910	6,560	10.3	9.9	10.6
Non-migrants	3,885	1,795	2,090	3.2	3.0	3.4
Migrants	8,585	4,115	4,470	7.1	6.9	7.3
Internal migrants	8,330	3,955	4,380	6.9	6.6	7.1
Intraprovincial migrants	8,220	3,905	4,315	6.8	6.5	7.0
Interprovincial migrants	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	255	160	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	115,900	56,965	58,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	70,565	35,035	35,530	60.9	61.5	60.3
Movers	45,335	21,930	23,410	39.1	38.5	39.7
Non-migrants	10,325	5,045	5,280	8.9	8.9	9.0
Migrants	35,005	16,885	18,125	30.2	29.6	30.8
Internal migrants	33,855	16,320	17,540	29.2	28.6	29.8
Intraprovincial migrants	33,215	15,960	17,255	28.7	28.0	29.3
Interprovincial migrants	640	360	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
External migrants	1,150	560	585	1.0	1.0	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	98,680	48,340	50,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,855	9,465	7,395	17.1	19.6	14.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	81,825	38,870	42,955	82.9	80.4	85.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,050	32,310	33,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,310	4,545	2,765	11.1	14.1	8.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,745	27,765	30,975	88.9	85.9	91.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	98,680	48,340	50,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,590	7,915	6,670	14.8	16.4	13.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,805	10,350	10,455	21.1	21.4	20.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,290	30,065	33,215	64.1	62.2	66.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,955	20,010	19,945	40.5	41.4	39.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,920	9,700	6,220	16.1	20.1	12.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,135	5,680	5,455	11.3	11.8	10.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,780	4,020	765	4.8	8.3	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,695	8,595	11,100	20.0	17.8	22.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,345	1,720	2,625	4.4	3.6	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,330	10,055	13,270	23.6	20.8	26.4
Bachelor's degree	15,525	6,585	8,940	15.7	13.6	17.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,215	880	1,335	2.2	1.8	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	560	220	340	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	4,595	2,150	2,445	4.7	4.4	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	435	220	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,050	32,305	33,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,700	3,460	2,235	8.6	10.7	6.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,760	5,665	5,095	16.3	17.5	15.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,590	23,185	26,410	75.1	71.8	78.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,455	15,380	15,075	46.1	47.6	44.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,475	7,545	4,935	18.9	23.4	14.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,640	4,275	4,370	13.1	13.2	13.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,835	3,275	560	5.8	10.1	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,740	6,555	8,190	22.3	20.3	24.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,240	1,285	1,955	4.9	4.0	5.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,140	7,800	11,335	29.0	24.1	33.6
Bachelor's degree	12,690	5,180	7,515	19.2	16.0	22.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,785	655	1,125	2.7	2.0	3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	455	150	310	0.7	0.5	0.9
Master's degree	3,865	1,670	2,195	5.9	5.2	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	345	150	195	0.5	0.5	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	98,680	48,335	50,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,395	18,270	17,125	35.9	37.8	34.0
Education	4,845	960	3,885	4.9	2.0	7.7
13. Education	4,845	960	3,885	4.9	2.0	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,575	1,040	1,535	2.6	2.2	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	420	255	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	2,160	785	1,375	2.2	1.6	2.7
Humanities	2,995	1,225	1,765	3.0	2.5	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	375	75	300	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,770	755	1,010	1.8	1.6	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	70	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	240	125	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	320	90	225	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,785	1,635	4,150	5.9	3.4	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	955	245	710	1.0	0.5	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,240	105	1,135	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,100	355	750	1.1	0.7	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	160	35	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	935	160	780	0.9	0.3	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,360	720	640	1.4	1.5	1.3
Business, management and public administration	15,710	6,025	9,685	15.9	12.5	19.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	820	145	680	0.8	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,890	5,880	9,005	15.1	12.2	17.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,680	915	765	1.7	1.9	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	610	255	345	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	295	160	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	240	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	425	320	110	0.4	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	80	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,620	1,815	805	2.7	3.8	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,230	1,655	570	2.3	3.4	1.1
25. Library science	155	10	145	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,135	11,920	1,215	13.3	24.7	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	530	275	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	2,490	2,130	360	2.5	4.4	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,515	2,255	255	2.5	4.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,420	3,285	130	3.5	6.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,500	2,425	75	2.5	5.0	0.1
48. Precision production	1,670	1,545	130	1.7	3.2	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,355	635	715	1.4	1.3	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,110	505	600	1.1	1.0	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	130	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	7,675	1,275	6,400	7.8	2.6	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	465	240	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,045	1,005	6,045	7.1	2.1	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,920	2,625	2,295	5.0	5.4	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,235	500	1,735	2.3	1.0	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,630	1,235	395	1.7	2.6	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,035	875	160	1.0	1.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	66,055	32,310	33,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,460	9,125	7,330	24.9	28.2	21.7
Education	3,565	630	2,935	5.4	1.9	8.7
13. Education	3,565	630	2,935	5.4	1.9	8.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,090	825	1,270	3.2	2.6	3.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	340	205	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,750	615	1,135	2.6	1.9	3.4
Humanities	1,920	750	1,175	2.9	2.3	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	305	55	245	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,070	465	610	1.6	1.4	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	175	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	205	45	160	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,660	1,185	3,475	7.1	3.7	10.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	795	195	600	1.2	0.6	1.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,030	70	960	1.6	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	910	260	645	1.4	0.8	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	30	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	755	110	645	1.1	0.3	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,030	515	510	1.6	1.6	1.5
Business, management and public administration	12,395	4,550	7,845	18.8	14.1	23.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	645	105	545	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,745	4,440	7,300	17.8	13.7	21.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,085	560	520	1.6	1.7	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	490	180	305	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	165	85	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	320	225	95	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,265	1,615	650	3.4	5.0	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,970	1,495	475	3.0	4.6	1.4
25. Library science	125	15	115	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,600	9,515	1,085	16.0	29.4	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	410	195	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
14. Engineering	2,120	1,765	355	3.2	5.5	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,990	1,780	210	3.0	5.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,735	2,620	115	4.1	8.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,975	1,910	65	3.0	5.9	0.2
48. Precision production	1,360	1,240	120	2.1	3.8	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,095	470	625	1.7	1.5	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	890	365	520	1.3	1.1	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	5,920	945	4,980	9.0	2.9	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	380	185	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,405	735	4,665	8.2	2.3	13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,985	2,145	1,845	6.0	6.6	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,740	375	1,360	2.6	1.2	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,430	1,075	355	2.2	3.3	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	805	685	120	1.2	2.1	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	66,055	32,310	33,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,460	9,125	7,330	24.9	28.2	21.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	49,595	23,185	26,410	75.1	71.8	78.3
Location of study inside Canada	46,955	21,920	25,040	71.1	67.8	74.2
Same as province or territory of residence	46,140	21,480	24,665	69.9	66.5	73.1
Different than province or territory of residence	815	445	370	1.2	1.4	1.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,635	1,260	1,375	4.0	3.9	4.1
Americas	625	270	345	0.9	0.8	1.0
United States of America	140	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,290	670	610	2.0	2.1	1.8
Belgium	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	785	420	360	1.2	1.3	1.1
Germany	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian Federation	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	475	235	245	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	130	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	230	65	165	0.3	0.2	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	98,680	48,340	50,345	...	...	...
In the labour force	69,310	35,370	33,940	...	...	...
Employed	65,960	33,640	32,320	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,355	1,730	1,630	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,370	12,970	16,400	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.2	73.2	67.4	70.2	73.2	67.4
Employment rate	66.8	69.6	64.2	66.8	69.6	64.2
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	98,680	48,335	50,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,365	12,355	16,005	28.7	25.6	31.8
Worked	70,320	35,980	34,335	71.3	74.4	68.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	39,930	21,605	18,325	40.5	44.7	36.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,390	14,380	16,005	30.8	29.8	31.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.6	42.2	42.9	43.6	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	69,310	35,370	33,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	815	345	470	1.2	1.0	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	68,500	35,020	33,475	98.8	99.0	98.6
Employee	59,690	29,835	29,855	86.1	84.4	88.0
Permanent position	51,785	26,145	25,645	74.7	73.9	75.5
Temporary position	7,900	3,695	4,210	11.4	10.4	12.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,365	925	1,440	3.4	2.6	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,535	2,770	2,765	8.0	7.8	8.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,805	5,185	3,625	12.7	14.7	10.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	69,310	35,370	33,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	815	345	470	1.2	1.0	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	68,500	35,020	33,475	98.8	99.0	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,885	1,375	510	2.7	3.9	1.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,410	4,225	9,185	19.3	11.9	27.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,785	4,520	1,265	8.3	12.8	3.7
3 Health occupations	5,525	815	4,705	8.0	2.3	13.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,170	2,720	6,450	13.2	7.7	19.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,190	1,120	1,070	3.2	3.2	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	15,450	7,150	8,300	22.3	20.2	24.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,485	10,475	1,005	16.6	29.6	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	960	785	175	1.4	2.2	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,640	1,835	805	3.8	5.2	2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	69,310	35,370	33,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	815	345	470	1.2	1.0	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	68,500	35,020	33,475	98.8	99.0	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	835	570	260	1.2	1.6	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	145	110	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	800	545	250	1.2	1.5	0.7
23 Construction	6,110	5,145	965	8.8	14.5	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	7,505	5,170	2,335	10.8	14.6	6.9
41 Wholesale trade	2,340	1,585	750	3.4	4.5	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	8,490	4,170	4,320	12.2	11.8	12.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,755	2,040	715	4.0	5.8	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	1,625	1,040	580	2.3	2.9	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	3,535	1,580	1,955	5.1	4.5	5.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,085	510	570	1.6	1.4	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,665	3,045	2,620	8.2	8.6	7.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,995	1,200	800	2.9	3.4	2.4
61 Educational services	5,280	1,355	3,925	7.6	3.8	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	8,925	1,415	7,510	12.9	4.0	22.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,115	615	505	1.6	1.7	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,930	1,340	1,585	4.2	3.8	4.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,915	1,280	1,635	4.2	3.6	4.8
91 Public administration	4,335	2,240	2,095	6.3	6.3	6.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	73,630	37,510	36,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,620	960	655	2.2	2.6	1.8
French	53,265	26,095	27,170	72.3	69.6	75.2
Non-official language	135	120	15	0.2	0.3	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	135	120	15	0.2	0.3	0.0
English and French	18,130	10,065	8,065	24.6	26.8	22.3
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	100	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	360	190	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	73,630	37,510	36,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	71,035	36,080	34,960	96.5	96.2	96.8
Official languages	70,865	35,935	34,930	96.2	95.8	96.7
English	4,495	2,645	1,850	6.1	7.1	5.1
French	66,370	33,290	33,080	90.1	88.7	91.6
Non-official languages	170	140	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	170	140	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	130	125	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	120	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	120	120	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,590	1,435	1,155	3.5	3.8	3.2
English and French	2,520	1,395	1,125	3.4	3.7	3.1
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	73,630	37,510	36,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	57,515	28,555	28,960	78.1	76.1	80.2
English	12,895	7,085	5,810	17.5	18.9	16.1
French	2,815	1,645	1,170	3.8	4.4	3.2
Non-official language	130	80	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	130	80	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	65,955	33,640	32,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	15,225	7,145	8,080	23.1	21.2	25.0
Worked outside Canada	75	60	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	7,515	5,860	1,655	11.4	17.4	5.1
Usual place of work	43,140	20,575	22,565	65.4	61.2	69.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	43,140	20,575	22,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,835	3,880	4,955	20.5	18.9	22.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,515	2,785	3,730	15.1	13.5	16.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	27,705	13,845	13,860	64.2	67.3	61.4
Commute to a different province or territory	85	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	50,655	26,430	24,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	45,750	24,200	21,555	90.3	91.6	89.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	43,480	23,135	20,345	85.8	87.5	84.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,265	1,060	1,210	4.5	4.0	5.0
Public transit	1,890	870	1,025	3.7	3.3	4.2
Walked	1,870	750	1,120	3.7	2.8	4.6
Bicycle	465	300	165	0.9	1.1	0.7
Other method	685	315	370	1.4	1.2	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	50,655	26,430	24,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,760	5,705	7,055	25.2	21.6	29.1
15 to 29 minutes	16,465	8,170	8,290	32.5	30.9	34.2
30 to 44 minutes	13,225	7,560	5,660	26.1	28.6	23.4
45 to 59 minutes	4,850	3,040	1,810	9.6	11.5	7.5
60 minutes and over	3,355	1,960	1,395	6.6	7.4	5.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	50,655	26,430	24,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,975	4,100	880	9.8	15.5	3.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,180	6,365	3,810	20.1	24.1	15.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,875	6,690	8,175	29.4	25.3	33.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,365	3,555	5,810	18.5	13.5	24.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,530	1,750	2,780	8.9	6.6	11.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,730	3,970	2,765	13.3	15.0	11.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,050	14,710	14,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,570	1,820	1,755	12.3	12.4	12.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,470	12,895	12,580	87.7	87.7	87.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	21,385	10,790	10,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,620	1,330	1,285	12.3	12.3	12.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,865	955	915	8.7	8.9	8.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	750	380	375	3.5	3.5	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,765	9,460	9,305	87.7	87.7	87.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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