Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Bellechasse--Les Etchemins--LévisMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,740	55,705	56,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,415	9,020	8,395	15.6	16.2	15.0
0 to 4 years	5,320	2,760	2,560	4.8	5.0	4.6
5 to 9 years	6,000	3,110	2,890	5.4	5.6	5.2
10 to 14 years	6,100	3,150	2,950	5.5	5.7	5.3
15 to 64 years	66,795	33,935	32,865	59.8	60.9	58.7
15 to 19 years	5,155	2,610	2,545	4.6	4.7	4.5
20 to 24 years	5,175	2,650	2,530	4.6	4.8	4.5
25 to 29 years	5,955	3,045	2,910	5.3	5.5	5.2
30 to 34 years	6,085	3,085	3,000	5.4	5.5	5.4
35 to 39 years	6,625	3,530	3,095	5.9	6.3	5.5
40 to 44 years	7,195	3,735	3,460	6.4	6.7	6.2
45 to 49 years	6,300	3,205	3,095	5.6	5.8	5.5
50 to 54 years	6,475	3,300	3,175	5.8	5.9	5.7
55 to 59 years	8,625	4,335	4,295	7.7	7.8	7.7
60 to 64 years	9,210	4,450	4,755	8.2	8.0	8.5
65 years and over	27,525	12,750	14,775	24.6	22.9	26.4
65 to 69 years	8,200	3,980	4,215	7.3	7.1	7.5
70 to 74 years	7,305	3,575	3,725	6.5	6.4	6.6
75 to 79 years	5,250	2,545	2,705	4.7	4.6	4.8
80 to 84 years	3,290	1,445	1,840	2.9	2.6	3.3
85 years and over	3,480	1,195	2,285	3.1	2.1	4.1
85 to 89 years	2,020	785	1,240	1.8	1.4	2.2
90 to 94 years	1,120	340	780	1.0	0.6	1.4
95 to 99 years	305	60	235	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.6	16.2	15.0	15.6	16.2	15.0
15 to 64 years	59.8	60.9	58.7	59.8	60.9	58.7
65 years and over	24.6	22.9	26.4	24.6	22.9	26.4
85 years and over	3.1	2.1	4.1	3.1	2.1	4.1
Average age of the population	45.1	44.0	46.2	45.1	44.0	46.2
Median age of the population	46.8	45.2	48.4	46.8	45.2	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	29,645	...	...	58.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,730	...	...	5.4	...	...
Row house	1,095	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,920	...	...	5.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,510	...	...	24.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,135	...	...	2.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	400	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	18,190	...	...	35.9	...	...
2 persons	19,035	...	...	37.6	...	...
3 persons	5,560	...	...	11.0	...	...
4 persons	5,270	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,545	...	...	5.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	107,790	54,285	53,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	94,320	46,680	47,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,445	27,705	27,740	58.8	59.4	58.2
Married	28,950	14,475	14,475	30.7	31.0	30.4
Living common-law	26,495	13,230	13,265	28.1	28.3	27.8
Living common law - Never married	22,035	10,975	11,065	23.4	23.5	23.2
Living common law - Separated	220	120	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,735	1,925	1,810	4.0	4.1	3.8
Living common law - Widowed	505	210	290	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	38,875	18,980	19,895	41.2	40.7	41.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,360	14,555	11,805	27.9	31.2	24.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,105	535	565	1.2	1.1	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,790	2,495	3,295	6.1	5.3	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,620	1,395	4,230	6.0	3.0	8.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,470	...	...	59.1	...	...
3 persons	5,290	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	5,160	...	...	16.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,345	...	...	7.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,075	...	...	86.6	...	...
Married couples	13,840	...	...	44.3	...	...
With children⁶	4,350	...	...	13.9	...	...
Without children	9,490	...	...	30.4	...	...
Common-law couples	13,235	...	...	42.3	...	...
With children⁶	6,750	...	...	21.6	...	...
Without children	6,485	...	...	20.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,190	...	...	13.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,885	...	...	9.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,305	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	107,790	54,285	53,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	85,950	43,140	42,805	79.7	79.5	80.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,150	27,045	27,105	50.2	49.8	50.7
Parents in one-parent families	4,190	1,305	2,885	3.9	2.4	5.4
Children⁶	27,610	14,795	12,815	25.6	27.3	24.0
In a two-parent family	21,215	11,220	9,995	19.7	20.7	18.7
In a one-parent family	6,395	3,575	2,820	5.9	6.6	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,845	11,145	10,700	20.3	20.5	20.0
Living alone	18,190	9,095	9,095	16.9	16.8	17.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,390	690	700	1.3	1.3	1.3
Living with non-relatives only	2,260	1,355	905	2.1	2.5	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,315	...	...	59.9	...	...
Couple-family households	26,440	...	...	52.3	...	...
With children⁶	10,825	...	...	21.4	...	...
Without children	15,620	...	...	30.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,880	...	...	7.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	265	...	...	0.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	480	...	...	0.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,295	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	18,190	...	...	35.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,385	45,270	45,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,165	44,685	44,480	98.7	98.7	98.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	47,200	38,400	42,800	47,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,185	44,695	44,490	98.7	98.7	98.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,800	34,000	37,600	40,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,300	41,950	40,350	91.1	92.7	89.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,800	29,400	35,200	40,800	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,435	34,185	30,255	71.3	75.5	67.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,200	34,400	38,800	43,200	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,260	35,790	38,470	82.2	79.1	85.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200	9,800	12,100	11,200	9,800	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,910	6,225	4,690	12.1	13.8	10.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,280	4,960	5,640	5,280	4,960	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,720	12,620	10,100	25.1	27.9	22.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,500	6,000	5,480	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,395	45,310	45,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,130	44,710	44,420	98.6	98.7	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,960	53,950	43,920	48,960	53,950	43,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,150	44,720	44,430	98.6	98.7	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,840	44,160	37,480	40,840	44,160	37,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,475	42,110	40,360	91.2	92.9	89.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,640	36,080	42,000	47,640	36,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,420	34,250	30,175	71.3	75.6	66.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,960	47,760	39,640	43,960	47,760	39,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,095	35,670	38,425	82.0	78.7	85.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,140	11,370	12,860	12,140	11,370	12,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,775	6,150	4,625	11.9	13.6	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	5,810	8,000	6,750	5,810	8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,965	12,740	10,225	25.4	28.1	22.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,080	6,680	7,570	7,080	6,680	7,570
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,395	45,310	45,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,670	17,900	14,765	36.1	39.5	32.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	58,000	51,600	54,800	58,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,250	66,100	57,600	62,250	66,100	57,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,205	12,555	12,650	27.9	27.7	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	25,800	17,600	20,800	25,800	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,600	32,480	24,720	28,600	32,480	24,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	83.2	74.6	79.4	83.2	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.0	67.8	61.4	65.0	67.8	61.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.6	16.8	25.3	20.6	16.8	25.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	4.1	5.0	4.5	4.1	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.5	4.0	3.7	3.5	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,385	45,270	45,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,215	585	630	1.3	1.3	1.4
With total income	89,165	44,690	44,480	98.7	98.7	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,685	1,995	2,685	5.2	4.5	6.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,330	3,890	6,435	11.6	8.7	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	14,235	6,490	7,740	16.0	14.5	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,880	5,405	6,480	13.3	12.1	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	12,520	6,375	6,145	14.0	14.3	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	10,840	5,815	5,015	12.2	13.0	11.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,605	4,350	3,255	8.5	9.7	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,175	3,060	2,115	5.8	6.8	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,800	2,255	1,545	4.3	5.0	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,570	1,465	1,110	2.9	3.3	2.5
$100,000 and over	5,530	3,590	1,940	6.2	8.0	4.4
$100,000 to $149,999	4,065	2,540	1,525	4.6	5.7	3.4
$150,000 and over	1,465	1,050	415	1.6	2.3	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,385	45,270	45,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,195	575	620	1.3	1.3	1.4
With after-tax income	89,185	44,695	44,490	98.7	98.7	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,125	2,120	3,005	5.7	4.7	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	10,915	4,190	6,735	12.2	9.4	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	16,605	7,580	9,020	18.6	17.0	20.3
$30,000 to $39,999	15,850	7,755	8,095	17.8	17.4	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	15,350	8,345	6,995	17.2	18.7	15.7
$50,000 to $59,999	10,170	5,780	4,390	11.4	12.9	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,355	3,645	2,715	7.1	8.2	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,725	2,055	1,670	4.2	4.6	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,015	1,140	870	2.3	2.6	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,050	660	390	1.2	1.5	0.9
$100,000 and over	2,035	1,425	610	2.3	3.2	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,150	795	355	1.3	1.8	0.8
$125,000 and over	885	630	255	1.0	1.4	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,385	45,270	45,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,945	11,090	14,860	28.7	24.5	32.9
With employment income	64,435	34,185	30,255	71.3	75.5	67.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,435	3,975	3,460	11.5	11.6	11.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,605	2,005	2,605	7.2	5.9	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,385	3,290	4,095	11.5	9.6	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,370	2,915	3,455	9.9	8.5	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	7,210	3,605	3,605	11.2	10.5	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	8,045	4,285	3,765	12.5	12.5	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,480	3,680	2,805	10.1	10.8	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,830	3,000	1,835	7.5	8.8	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,440	2,095	1,345	5.3	6.1	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,860	1,620	1,240	4.4	4.7	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,775	1,065	715	2.8	3.1	2.3
$100,000 and over	3,985	2,655	1,335	6.2	7.8	4.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,135	1,330	805	3.3	3.9	2.7
$125,000 and over	1,855	1,325	530	2.9	3.9	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,385	45,270	45,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,215	44,195	44,015	97.6	97.6	97.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,600	35,200	40,400	45,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,255	44,205	44,050	97.6	97.6	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	31,800	35,600	39,200	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,205	41,480	39,725	89.8	91.6	88.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,000	29,800	36,000	42,000	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,080	34,440	30,640	72.0	76.1	67.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,600	33,600	38,800	43,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,330	31,680	35,655	74.5	70.0	79.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	7,300	9,700	8,800	7,300	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,130	5,830	4,300	11.2	12.9	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,400	4,160	4,960	4,400	4,160	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,395	45,310	45,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,205	44,210	44,000	97.6	97.6	97.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,720	52,350	41,040	46,720	52,350	41,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,240	44,210	44,035	97.6	97.6	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,840	42,680	35,000	38,840	42,680	35,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,505	41,570	39,930	90.2	91.7	88.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,440	48,800	35,800	42,440	48,800	35,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,000	34,415	30,580	71.9	76.0	67.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,560	48,080	38,440	43,560	48,080	38,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,305	31,630	35,670	74.5	69.8	79.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,860	9,060	10,570	9,860	9,060	10,570
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,450	6,020	4,435	11.6	13.3	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,410	5,190	8,080	6,410	5,190	8,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,395	45,310	45,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,495	17,795	14,705	35.9	39.3	32.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	56,000	47,600	52,000	56,000	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,800	63,550	53,050	58,800	63,550	53,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,100	12,075	12,020	26.7	26.6	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	31,000	20,000	25,000	31,000	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,400	37,040	27,760	32,400	37,040	27,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.8	87.6	79.2	83.8	87.6	79.2
Employment income (%)	68.6	71.4	65.2	68.6	71.4	65.2
Government transfers (%)	16.1	12.4	20.9	16.1	12.4	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	2.0	1.6	1.4	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	50,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	18,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,410	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	50,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,200	...	...	86,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,900	...	...	71,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	18,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,720	...	...	38,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,600	...	...	90,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	290	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	550	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	930	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,870	...	...	5.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,850	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,850	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,565	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,560	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,485	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,570	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,970	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,645	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,360	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,950	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,960	...	...	31.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,830	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,920	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,895	...	...	7.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,305	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	330	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	575	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	980	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,065	...	...	6.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,325	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,485	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,190	...	...	6.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,255	...	...	6.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,875	...	...	5.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,030	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,520	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,055	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,625	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,000	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,065	...	...	21.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,240	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,990	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,840	...	...	5.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,685	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,450	10,450	10,005	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	43,600	36,400	40,000	43,600	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	37,600	32,800	35,200	37,600	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,400	...	...	109,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,800	...	...	90,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,700	...	...	92,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,700	...	...	77,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,600	...	...	145,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,800	...	...	118,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	77,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,900	...	...	66,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,440	10,450	9,985	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,800	47,760	41,720	44,800	47,760	41,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,080	39,880	36,200	38,080	39,880	36,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	107,790	54,285	53,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,575	10,625	9,950	19.1	19.6	18.6
0 to 5 years	6,515	3,405	3,115	6.0	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	62,995	31,970	31,025	58.4	58.9	58.0
65 years and over	24,220	11,685	12,535	22.5	21.5	23.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,520	4,895	5,620	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,295	690	605	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	395	205	195	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,540	2,300	2,245	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,680	1,910	2,770	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.8	9.0	10.5	9.8	9.0	10.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3	6.5	6.1	6.3	6.5	6.1
0 to 5 years (%)	6.1	5.9	6.2	6.1	5.9	6.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2
65 years and over (%)	19.3	16.4	22.1	19.3	16.4	22.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,790	54,285	53,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,575	10,625	9,950	19.1	19.6	18.6
0 to 5 years	6,515	3,405	3,115	6.0	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	62,995	31,970	31,025	58.4	58.9	58.0
65 years and over	24,220	11,685	12,535	22.5	21.5	23.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,620	1,775	1,845	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	475	245	230	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	145	70	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,420	1,305	1,115	...	...	...
65 years and over	725	225	500	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.0	2.5	2.2	2.0	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.1	3.6	3.9	4.1	3.6
65 years and over (%)	3.0	2.0	4.0	3.0	2.0	4.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	107,790	54,285	53,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,355	29,330	30,025	55.1	54.0	56.1
In bottom decile	8,250	3,895	4,355	7.7	7.2	8.1
In second decile	11,720	5,625	6,100	10.9	10.4	11.4
In third decile	12,500	6,175	6,325	11.6	11.4	11.8
In fourth decile	13,420	6,770	6,650	12.5	12.5	12.4
In fifth decile	13,470	6,870	6,600	12.5	12.7	12.3
In top half of the distribution	48,435	24,960	23,475	44.9	46.0	43.9
In sixth decile	13,305	6,830	6,475	12.3	12.6	12.1
In seventh decile	12,250	6,285	5,960	11.4	11.6	11.1
In eighth decile	10,430	5,420	5,015	9.7	10.0	9.4
In ninth decile	7,580	3,910	3,670	7.0	7.2	6.9
In top decile	4,870	2,505	2,360	4.5	4.6	4.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	107,790	...	...	107,790	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	...	...	0.284	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.405	...	...	0.405	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.244	...	...	0.244	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	109,940	55,180	54,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	240	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
French only	77,130	37,040	40,085	70.2	67.1	73.2
English and French	32,385	17,885	14,495	29.5	32.4	26.5
Neither English nor French	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	109,940	55,180	54,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,095	590	505	1.0	1.1	0.9
French	108,185	54,210	53,975	98.4	98.2	98.6
English and French	485	270	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Neither English nor French	180	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	109,940	55,180	54,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,935	54,665	54,265	99.1	99.1	99.1
Official languages	106,740	53,490	53,245	97.1	96.9	97.2
English	920	490	435	0.8	0.9	0.8
French	105,820	53,005	52,810	96.3	96.1	96.4
Non-official languages	2,195	1,175	1,020	2.0	2.1	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,195	1,175	1,015	2.0	2.1	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	575	295	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	470	245	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	470	240	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	995	540	455	0.9	1.0	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	855	465	385	0.8	0.8	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	670	375	295	0.6	0.7	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,005	510	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	600	305	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	315	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	109,940	55,180	54,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	400	215	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
French	104,345	52,180	52,165	94.9	94.6	95.3
Non-official language	580	335	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	580	335	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
English and French	2,625	1,450	1,180	2.4	2.6	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,460	730	730	1.3	1.3	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	425	220	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	109,940	55,180	54,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,995	54,690	54,310	99.1	99.1	99.2
Official languages	107,890	54,075	53,810	98.1	98.0	98.3
English	695	365	325	0.6	0.7	0.6
French	107,190	53,705	53,480	97.5	97.3	97.7
Non-official languages	1,105	610	500	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,105	610	500	1.0	1.1	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	30	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	590	340	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	545	315	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	460	275	185	0.4	0.5	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	940	490	450	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	480	250	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	380	200	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	109,940	55,180	54,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	106,160	53,165	52,995	96.6	96.3	96.8
English	2,000	1,125	880	1.8	2.0	1.6
French	635	325	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	760	370	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	760	370	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,780	54,255	53,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	107,655	54,190	53,465	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	32,310	18,010	14,300	30.0	33.2	26.7
French	107,385	54,035	53,355	99.6	99.6	99.7
Non-official languages	5,425	2,680	2,740	5.0	4.9	5.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,425	2,680	2,740	5.0	4.9	5.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	765	420	350	0.7	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	140	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	695	375	320	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	695	375	320	0.6	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	280	185	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	135	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,405	1,560	1,845	3.2	2.9	3.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	165	80	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	165	80	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,070	1,385	1,680	2.8	2.6	3.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	165	80	80	0.2	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,830	1,290	1,535	2.6	2.4	2.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	485	285	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	140	105	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,785	54,255	53,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,300	650	650	1.2	1.2	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,215	600	620	1.1	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	745	325	415	0.7	0.6	0.8
Métis	460	270	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	106,485	53,605	52,880	98.8	98.8	98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,785	54,255	53,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	390	200	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	107,395	54,055	53,340	99.6	99.6	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,450	...	...	66.1	...	...
Renter	17,150	...	...	33.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,230	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not condominium	45,370	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	6,185	...	...	12.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,005	...	...	31.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,170	...	...	33.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,105	...	...	21.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,800	...	...	31.2	...	...
5 rooms	8,325	...	...	16.5	...	...
6 rooms	6,860	...	...	13.6	...	...
7 rooms	6,205	...	...	12.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,410	...	...	26.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	50,425	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	175	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	49,950	...	...	98.7	...	...
Not suitable	650	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	13,515	...	...	26.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,165	...	...	26.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,370	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,845	...	...	9.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,705	...	...	5.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,225	...	...	6.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,140	...	...	6.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,630	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,255	...	...	95.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,345	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,980	...	...	57.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,015	...	...	41.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	605	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,525	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,115	...	...	12.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,035	...	...	15.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,805	...	...	15.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,905	...	...	21.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,660	...	...	19.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,090	...	...	10.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,465	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,300	...	...	89.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,500	...	...	11.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,085	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	50,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,085	...	...	16.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,155	...	...	10.2	...	...
Not suitable only	565	...	...	1.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,955	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	325	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	42,515	...	...	84.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	49,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,185	...	...	4.4	...	...
Not in core need	47,200	...	...	95.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,870	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.5	...	...	56.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	974	...	...	974	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	259,200	...	...	259,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,045	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.3	...	...	19.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	755	...	...	755	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	795	...	...	795	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,780	54,255	53,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,455	680	775	1.3	1.3	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,440	675	770	1.3	1.2	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,250	585	665	1.2	1.1	1.2
Métis single ancestry	190	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,895	915	985	1.8	1.7	1.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,880	905	975	1.7	1.7	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,745	830	915	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	104,430	52,665	51,765	96.9	97.1	96.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,785	54,255	53,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	104,965	52,740	52,230	97.4	97.2	97.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,000	10,300	9,705	18.6	19.0	18.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,960	42,435	42,525	78.8	78.2	79.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,815	1,515	1,295	2.6	2.8	2.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,785	54,255	53,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	103,005	51,635	51,365	95.6	95.2	96.0
Immigrants⁸¹	3,345	1,790	1,550	3.1	3.3	2.9
Before 1980	290	170	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
1980 to 1990	185	125	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
1991 to 2000	300	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
2001 to 2010	800	430	375	0.7	0.8	0.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,770	900	865	1.6	1.7	1.6
2011 to 2015	860	460	400	0.8	0.8	0.7
2016 to 2021	910	445	465	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,435	820	610	1.3	1.5	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,345	1,790	1,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	420	255	165	12.6	14.2	10.6
5 to 14 years	525	270	260	15.7	15.1	16.8
15 to 24 years	450	265	180	13.5	14.8	11.6
25 to 44 years	1,795	925	870	53.7	51.7	56.1
45 years and over	155	85	70	4.6	4.7	4.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,345	1,790	1,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	915	490	425	27.4	27.4	27.4
Brazil	65	30	35	1.9	1.7	2.3
Colombia	150	70	80	4.5	3.9	5.2
El Salvador	20	10	0	0.6	0.6	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	260	145	110	7.8	8.1	7.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	75	35	40	2.2	2.0	2.6
Peru	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
United States of America	155	90	60	4.6	5.0	3.9
Other places of birth in Americas	165	90	75	4.9	5.0	4.8
Europe	955	530	425	28.6	29.6	27.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
France	725	435	290	21.7	24.3	18.7
Germany	40	10	25	1.2	0.6	1.6
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Portugal	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Romania	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	15	0.7	0.6	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	85	55	30	2.5	3.1	1.9
Africa	1,135	585	550	33.9	32.7	35.5
Algeria	180	105	75	5.4	5.9	4.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	25	20	1.2	1.4	1.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	145	95	50	4.3	5.3	3.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	770	360	410	23.0	20.1	26.5
Asia	330	180	150	9.9	10.1	9.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	25	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	15	0.9	1.1	1.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	45	55	3.1	2.5	3.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Philippines	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Viet Nam	55	25	30	1.6	1.4	1.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	30	30	1.9	1.7	1.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	910	445	465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	195	95	105	21.4	21.3	22.6
Brazil	45	15	30	4.9	3.4	6.5
Colombia	40	10	25	4.4	2.2	5.4
Haiti	35	15	20	3.8	3.4	4.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	60	35	25	6.6	7.9	5.4
Europe	185	100	85	20.3	22.5	18.3
France	160	100	60	17.6	22.5	12.9
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.2
Africa	455	205	250	50.0	46.1	53.8
Algeria	100	50	50	11.0	11.2	10.8
Burundi	10	10	0	1.1	2.2	0.0
Cameroon	45	20	25	4.9	4.5	5.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	40	15	30	4.4	3.4	6.5
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	50	30	20	5.5	6.7	4.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	80	40	40	8.8	9.0	8.6
Other places of birth in Africa	125	45	85	13.7	10.1	18.3
Asia	70	40	30	7.7	9.0	6.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	1.6	2.2	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	15	2.7	3.4	3.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,785	54,255	53,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,230	2,840	2,390	4.9	5.2	4.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,790	1,420	1,370	2.6	2.6	2.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	99,760	49,995	49,765	92.6	92.1	93.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,055	1,620	1,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,735	1,015	720	56.8	62.7	50.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	885	635	250	29.0	39.2	17.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	850	375	475	27.8	23.1	33.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	965	415	550	31.6	25.6	38.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	330	175	150	10.8	10.8	10.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	20	15	1.1	1.2	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,055	1,620	1,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	110	60	55	3.6	3.7	3.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	405	240	165	13.3	14.8	11.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	100	35	65	3.3	2.2	4.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	235	140	95	7.7	8.6	6.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,200	1,150	1,050	72.0	71.0	73.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,780	54,255	53,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,925	2,060	1,870	3.6	3.8	3.5
South Asian	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	290	65	225	0.3	0.1	0.4
Black	1,720	910	810	1.6	1.7	1.5
Filipino	150	125	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
Arab	560	295	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latin American	660	390	270	0.6	0.7	0.5
Southeast Asian	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	103,860	52,200	51,660	96.4	96.2	96.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,780	54,255	53,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	43,360	21,685	21,680	40.2	40.0	40.5
English	825	420	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
Irish	3,540	1,800	1,735	3.3	3.3	3.2
Scottish	960	455	505	0.9	0.8	0.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	27,235	13,865	13,370	25.3	25.6	25.0
German	955	420	530	0.9	0.8	1.0
Chinese	225	50	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
Italian	695	365	330	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indian (India)	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	15,945	8,010	7,930	14.8	14.8	14.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	140	110	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	11,745	5,830	5,915	10.9	10.7	11.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,065	1,045	1,015	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,405	645	765	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis	345	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	975	475	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Welsh	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	170	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
American	410	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	270	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Swedish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	1,060	455	605	1.0	0.8	1.1
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	275	135	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Greek	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,675	910	765	1.6	1.7	1.4
Danish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	340	135	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	395	215	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	170	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Finnish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	355	210	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Moroccan	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Brazilian	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	305	180	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	155	100	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	80	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	80	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,780	54,260	53,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	82,395	40,460	41,935	76.4	74.6	78.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,575	3,270	3,310	6.1	6.0	6.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catholic	74,340	36,495	37,845	69.0	67.3	70.7
Christian Orthodox	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	455	195	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	485	250	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hindu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,065	555	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	170	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	23,990	13,050	10,930	22.3	24.1	20.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	106,820	53,750	53,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	95,140	48,085	47,055	89.1	89.5	88.7
Movers	11,680	5,665	6,015	10.9	10.5	11.3
Non-migrants	6,430	3,065	3,360	6.0	5.7	6.3
Migrants	5,250	2,595	2,655	4.9	4.8	5.0
Internal migrants	4,685	2,305	2,375	4.4	4.3	4.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,470	2,200	2,270	4.2	4.1	4.3
Interprovincial migrants	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	565	285	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,455	51,485	50,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	67,435	34,210	33,225	65.8	66.4	65.2
Movers	35,025	17,280	17,745	34.2	33.6	34.8
Non-migrants	15,140	7,445	7,695	14.8	14.5	15.1
Migrants	19,890	9,835	10,050	19.4	19.1	19.7
Internal migrants	17,985	8,840	9,145	17.6	17.2	17.9
Intraprovincial migrants	17,530	8,630	8,895	17.1	16.8	17.5
Interprovincial migrants	455	205	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
External migrants	1,900	995	910	1.9	1.9	1.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,400	45,310	45,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,710	10,440	8,270	20.7	23.0	18.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	71,690	34,875	36,815	79.3	77.0	81.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,755	28,110	27,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,660	4,720	2,935	13.7	16.8	10.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,100	23,390	24,710	86.3	83.2	89.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,395	45,310	45,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,215	8,560	7,655	17.9	18.9	17.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,200	9,265	9,935	21.2	20.4	22.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,985	27,480	27,505	60.8	60.6	61.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,165	20,440	18,720	43.3	45.1	41.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,525	11,825	6,700	20.5	26.1	14.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,490	7,755	5,735	14.9	17.1	12.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,035	4,065	970	5.6	9.0	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,450	7,455	9,995	19.3	16.5	22.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,185	1,160	2,030	3.5	2.6	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,820	7,040	8,780	17.5	15.5	19.5
Bachelor's degree	10,560	4,495	6,065	11.7	9.9	13.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,515	680	830	1.7	1.5	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	435	215	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	2,900	1,395	1,505	3.2	3.1	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	415	250	160	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,760	28,110	27,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,995	3,500	2,490	10.8	12.5	9.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,260	4,785	4,475	16.6	17.0	16.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,505	19,820	20,685	72.6	70.5	74.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,330	14,755	13,575	50.8	52.5	49.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,170	8,880	5,290	25.4	31.6	19.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,535	5,935	4,605	18.9	21.1	16.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,635	2,950	685	6.5	10.5	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,205	5,210	6,995	21.9	18.5	25.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,955	665	1,290	3.5	2.4	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,175	5,060	7,110	21.8	18.0	25.7
Bachelor's degree	8,100	3,260	4,835	14.5	11.6	17.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,200	505	695	2.2	1.8	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	295	120	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	2,270	1,015	1,255	4.1	3.6	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	310	165	150	0.6	0.6	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,395	45,310	45,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,415	17,830	17,585	39.2	39.4	39.0
Education	4,520	1,150	3,375	5.0	2.5	7.5
13. Education	4,520	1,150	3,375	5.0	2.5	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,555	640	910	1.7	1.4	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	275	195	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,275	450	825	1.4	1.0	1.8
Humanities	2,400	1,120	1,280	2.7	2.5	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	305	100	205	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,255	600	655	1.4	1.3	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	130	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	135	95	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	355	120	235	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,840	1,210	2,630	4.2	2.7	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	440	200	240	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,070	70	1,005	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	745	295	450	0.8	0.7	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	20	120	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	500	130	370	0.6	0.3	0.8
45. Social sciences	925	495	425	1.0	1.1	0.9
Business, management and public administration	12,640	4,405	8,230	14.0	9.7	18.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	885	215	675	1.0	0.5	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,740	4,190	7,550	13.0	9.2	16.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,415	750	665	1.6	1.7	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	485	205	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	315	145	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
40. Physical sciences	330	255	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,745	1,200	540	1.9	2.6	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,545	1,125	425	1.7	2.5	0.9
25. Library science	120	20	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,035	12,095	950	14.4	26.7	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	425	275	150	0.5	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	1,180	1,030	150	1.3	2.3	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,505	2,190	310	2.8	4.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,030	2,905	125	3.4	6.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,230	3,105	120	3.6	6.9	0.3
48. Precision production	2,670	2,580	90	3.0	5.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,940	1,300	640	2.1	2.9	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,470	930	540	1.6	2.1	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	470	370	100	0.5	0.8	0.2
Health and related fields	7,355	1,210	6,145	8.1	2.7	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	290	170	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,890	970	5,915	7.6	2.1	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,520	2,390	2,135	5.0	5.3	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,455	575	1,875	2.7	1.3	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	605	440	170	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,435	1,340	95	1.6	3.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,755	28,110	27,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,255	8,290	6,965	27.4	29.5	25.2
Education	2,790	580	2,205	5.0	2.1	8.0
13. Education	2,790	580	2,205	5.0	2.1	8.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,170	460	705	2.1	1.6	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	140	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	960	320	640	1.7	1.1	2.3
Humanities	1,500	680	825	2.7	2.4	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	240	65	170	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	725	355	370	1.3	1.3	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	70	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	95	65	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	240	70	170	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,980	855	2,120	5.3	3.0	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	340	150	190	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	925	60	870	1.7	0.2	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	515	165	355	0.9	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	15	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	390	95	300	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	680	365	315	1.2	1.3	1.1
Business, management and public administration	9,705	3,170	6,535	17.4	11.3	23.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	665	160	510	1.2	0.6	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,025	3,010	6,020	16.2	10.7	21.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	905	495	415	1.6	1.8	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395	160	230	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	270	195	75	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,460	1,050	410	2.6	3.7	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,345	1,000	340	2.4	3.6	1.2
25. Library science	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,705	8,880	825	17.4	31.6	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	305	180	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	955	810	140	1.7	2.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,925	1,650	275	3.5	5.9	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,185	2,095	95	3.9	7.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,360	2,255	110	4.2	8.0	0.4
48. Precision production	1,980	1,890	90	3.6	6.7	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,565	1,020	545	2.8	3.6	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,215	755	460	2.2	2.7	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	350	265	85	0.6	0.9	0.3
Health and related fields	5,210	825	4,385	9.3	2.9	15.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,890	700	4,200	8.8	2.5	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	30	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,500	1,800	1,700	6.3	6.4	6.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,925	445	1,480	3.5	1.6	5.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	460	330	130	0.8	1.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,100	1,005	90	2.0	3.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,755	28,110	27,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,255	8,290	6,965	27.4	29.5	25.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	40,505	19,820	20,680	72.6	70.5	74.8
Location of study inside Canada	38,645	18,810	19,840	69.3	66.9	71.8
Same as province or territory of residence	38,160	18,500	19,665	68.4	65.8	71.1
Different than province or territory of residence	485	310	175	0.9	1.1	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,860	1,010	845	3.3	3.6	3.1
Americas	440	250	195	0.8	0.9	0.7
United States of America	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	145	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	80	65	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Europe	725	405	315	1.3	1.4	1.1
Belgium	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	600	355	240	1.1	1.3	0.9
Germany	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	520	265	255	0.9	0.9	0.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Morocco	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisia	125	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	235	105	130	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asia	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	65	60	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,395	45,310	45,085	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,505	31,000	27,510	...	...	...
Employed	55,125	29,360	25,765	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,385	1,635	1,750	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,890	14,315	17,575	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.7	68.4	61.0	64.7	68.4	61.0
Employment rate	61.0	64.8	57.1	61.0	64.8	57.1
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.3	6.4	5.8	5.3	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,395	45,310	45,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,890	13,835	17,055	34.2	30.5	37.8
Worked	59,505	31,470	28,035	65.8	69.5	62.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,335	18,335	15,000	36.9	40.5	33.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,175	13,140	13,035	29.0	29.0	28.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.4	42.6	43.0	43.4	42.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,510	30,995	27,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	975	490	485	1.7	1.6	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,535	30,510	27,025	98.3	98.4	98.2
Employee	51,435	26,740	24,695	87.9	86.3	89.8
Permanent position	43,670	22,870	20,800	74.6	73.8	75.6
Temporary position	7,765	3,870	3,895	13.3	12.5	14.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,655	1,215	1,435	4.5	3.9	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,110	2,655	2,455	8.7	8.6	8.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,100	3,765	2,335	10.4	12.1	8.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,510	30,995	27,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	975	490	485	1.7	1.6	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,535	30,510	27,025	98.3	98.4	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	795	585	210	1.4	1.9	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,100	3,370	6,735	17.3	10.9	24.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,095	3,035	1,055	7.0	9.8	3.8
3 Health occupations	5,090	935	4,155	8.7	3.0	15.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,420	1,760	4,660	11.0	5.7	16.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,165	570	595	2.0	1.8	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	12,915	5,600	7,315	22.1	18.1	26.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,755	10,020	730	18.4	32.3	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,985	1,510	470	3.4	4.9	1.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,225	3,125	1,100	7.2	10.1	4.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,510	30,995	27,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	975	490	485	1.7	1.6	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	57,535	30,510	27,025	98.3	98.4	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,170	1,510	660	3.7	4.9	2.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	160	145	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	155	140	10	0.3	0.5	0.0
23 Construction	4,395	3,850	550	7.5	12.4	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	8,865	6,610	2,255	15.2	21.3	8.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,795	1,330	465	3.1	4.3	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	6,575	3,170	3,400	11.2	10.2	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,380	1,975	405	4.1	6.4	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	375	225	155	0.6	0.7	0.6
52 Finance and insurance	4,345	1,470	2,875	7.4	4.7	10.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	585	340	245	1.0	1.1	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,300	1,850	1,450	5.6	6.0	5.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,820	1,170	650	3.1	3.8	2.4
61 Educational services	3,580	1,030	2,550	6.1	3.3	9.3
62 Health care and social assistance	8,515	1,575	6,940	14.6	5.1	25.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	575	275	305	1.0	0.9	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,280	930	1,350	3.9	3.0	4.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,495	1,230	1,265	4.3	4.0	4.6
91 Public administration	3,065	1,640	1,425	5.2	5.3	5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,260	32,900	29,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	465	315	145	0.7	1.0	0.5
French	55,155	28,515	26,640	88.6	86.7	90.7
Non-official language	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	6,380	3,925	2,455	10.2	11.9	8.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,260	32,900	29,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,455	32,400	29,060	98.7	98.5	99.0
Official languages	61,395	32,360	29,030	98.6	98.4	98.9
English	1,070	700	370	1.7	2.1	1.3
French	60,325	31,660	28,665	96.9	96.2	97.6
Non-official languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	800	500	305	1.3	1.5	1.0
English and French	765	480	285	1.2	1.5	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,260	32,900	29,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,435	29,340	27,095	90.6	89.2	92.3
English	5,030	3,075	1,955	8.1	9.3	6.7
French	625	395	230	1.0	1.2	0.8
Non-official language	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	55,125	29,355	25,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,600	5,105	5,495	19.2	17.4	21.3
Worked outside Canada	75	75	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,550	4,285	1,265	10.1	14.6	4.9
Usual place of work	38,900	19,895	19,005	70.6	67.8	73.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,900	19,900	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,605	9,935	10,670	53.0	49.9	56.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,420	2,325	2,100	11.4	11.7	11.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,825	7,605	6,220	35.5	38.2	32.7
Commute to a different province or territory	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	44,450	24,180	20,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	39,970	22,095	17,875	89.9	91.4	88.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,640	21,000	16,645	84.7	86.8	82.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,330	1,100	1,230	5.2	4.5	6.1
Public transit	1,050	500	550	2.4	2.1	2.7
Walked	2,635	1,110	1,530	5.9	4.6	7.5
Bicycle	280	210	65	0.6	0.9	0.3
Other method	515	260	250	1.2	1.1	1.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	44,450	24,180	20,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,035	8,870	9,165	40.6	36.7	45.2
15 to 29 minutes	14,440	7,870	6,565	32.5	32.5	32.4
30 to 44 minutes	8,325	5,090	3,235	18.7	21.1	16.0
45 to 59 minutes	2,160	1,325	830	4.9	5.5	4.1
60 minutes and over	1,495	1,020	480	3.4	4.2	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	44,450	24,180	20,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,170	2,485	685	7.1	10.3	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,505	6,610	2,895	21.4	27.3	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,575	6,995	7,585	32.8	28.9	37.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,560	2,980	4,580	17.0	12.3	22.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,930	1,215	1,715	6.6	5.0	8.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,710	3,895	2,815	15.1	16.1	13.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,945	10,815	10,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,330	690	635	6.3	6.4	6.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,620	10,125	9,495	93.7	93.6	93.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,230	7,855	7,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,065	560	500	7.0	7.1	6.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	760	400	360	5.0	5.1	4.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	300	155	145	2.0	2.0	2.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,165	7,290	6,875	93.0	92.8	93.2

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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