Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Bellechasse--Les Etchemins--LévisMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	120,179	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	114,966	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	59,143	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	54,804	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	37.5	...	...	37.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,201.11	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	120,180	59,680	60,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,440	9,540	8,900	15.3	16.0	14.7
0 to 4 years	5,645	2,930	2,720	4.7	4.9	4.5
5 to 9 years	6,335	3,275	3,060	5.3	5.5	5.1
10 to 14 years	6,460	3,340	3,120	5.4	5.6	5.2
15 to 64 years	71,570	36,215	35,355	59.6	60.7	58.4
15 to 19 years	5,475	2,765	2,710	4.6	4.6	4.5
20 to 24 years	5,590	2,855	2,745	4.7	4.8	4.5
25 to 29 years	6,480	3,305	3,175	5.4	5.5	5.2
30 to 34 years	6,580	3,350	3,230	5.5	5.6	5.3
35 to 39 years	7,070	3,760	3,305	5.9	6.3	5.5
40 to 44 years	7,670	3,980	3,695	6.4	6.7	6.1
45 to 49 years	6,765	3,410	3,355	5.6	5.7	5.5
50 to 54 years	6,935	3,515	3,425	5.8	5.9	5.7
55 to 59 years	9,195	4,605	4,585	7.7	7.7	7.6
60 to 64 years	9,805	4,675	5,130	8.2	7.8	8.5
65 years and over	30,170	13,925	16,245	25.1	23.3	26.9
65 to 69 years	8,890	4,290	4,600	7.4	7.2	7.6
70 to 74 years	8,025	3,910	4,115	6.7	6.6	6.8
75 to 79 years	5,840	2,795	3,045	4.9	4.7	5.0
80 to 84 years	3,655	1,620	2,035	3.0	2.7	3.4
85 years and over	3,765	1,315	2,450	3.1	2.2	4.0
85 to 89 years	2,215	870	1,345	1.8	1.5	2.2
90 to 94 years	1,195	365	825	1.0	0.6	1.4
95 to 99 years	320	65	250	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	16.0	14.7	15.3	16.0	14.7
15 to 64 years	59.6	60.7	58.4	59.6	60.7	58.4
65 years and over	25.1	23.3	26.9	25.1	23.3	26.9
85 years and over	3.1	2.2	4.0	3.1	2.2	4.0
Average age of the population	45.3	44.2	46.4	45.3	44.2	46.4
Median age of the population	46.8	45.2	48.8	46.8	45.2	48.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	54,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	30,530	...	...	55.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,155	...	...	5.8	...	...
Row house	1,305	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,040	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	15,030	...	...	27.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,180	...	...	2.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	405	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	54,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	19,950	...	...	36.4	...	...
2 persons	20,670	...	...	37.7	...	...
3 persons	5,965	...	...	10.9	...	...
4 persons	5,555	...	...	10.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,665	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	115,815	58,105	57,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	101,740	50,140	51,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	59,730	29,850	29,880	58.7	59.5	57.9
Married	31,235	15,620	15,615	30.7	31.2	30.3
Living common-law	28,495	14,230	14,265	28.0	28.4	27.6
Living common law - Never married	23,575	11,730	11,845	23.2	23.4	23.0
Living common law - Separated	250	140	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,115	2,125	1,995	4.0	4.2	3.9
Living common law - Widowed	555	235	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	42,010	20,295	21,715	41.3	40.5	42.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,295	15,510	12,780	27.8	30.9	24.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,205	575	625	1.2	1.1	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,440	2,710	3,725	6.3	5.4	7.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,075	1,495	4,580	6.0	3.0	8.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,025	...	...	59.6	...	...
3 persons	5,670	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	5,430	...	...	16.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,455	...	...	7.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	29,090	...	...	86.6	...	...
Married couples	14,865	...	...	44.3	...	...
With children⁶	4,625	...	...	13.8	...	...
Without children	10,240	...	...	30.5	...	...
Common-law couples	14,225	...	...	42.4	...	...
With children⁶	7,140	...	...	21.3	...	...
Without children	7,085	...	...	21.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,500	...	...	13.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,105	...	...	9.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,395	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	115,815	58,100	57,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	91,880	46,075	45,805	79.3	79.3	79.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	58,175	29,070	29,110	50.2	50.0	50.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,495	1,390	3,100	3.9	2.4	5.4
Children⁶	29,210	15,615	13,590	25.2	26.9	23.5
In a two-parent family	22,385	11,820	10,565	19.3	20.3	18.3
In a one-parent family	6,820	3,795	3,030	5.9	6.5	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,930	12,025	11,910	20.7	20.7	20.6
Living alone	19,950	9,790	10,160	17.2	16.9	17.6
Living with other relatives⁷	1,490	730	755	1.3	1.3	1.3
Living with non-relatives only	2,495	1,500	995	2.2	2.6	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	54,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	32,580	...	...	59.4	...	...
Couple-family households	28,415	...	...	51.8	...	...
With children⁶	11,470	...	...	20.9	...	...
Without children	16,945	...	...	30.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,165	...	...	7.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	280	...	...	0.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	510	...	...	0.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,430	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	19,950	...	...	36.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,395	48,575	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,080	47,950	48,130	98.6	98.7	98.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	47,600	38,400	43,200	47,600	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,105	47,965	48,145	98.7	98.7	98.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,800	34,400	37,600	40,800	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,800	45,065	43,735	91.2	92.8	89.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,200	29,600	35,600	41,200	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,255	36,595	32,660	71.1	75.3	66.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,200	34,400	39,200	43,200	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,925	38,335	41,595	82.1	78.9	85.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	9,900	12,200	11,300	9,900	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,570	6,540	5,025	11.9	13.5	10.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,280	4,960	5,640	5,280	4,960	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,375	13,490	10,885	25.0	27.8	22.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,500	6,000	5,480	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,415	48,590	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,080	47,960	48,120	98.6	98.7	98.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,520	54,850	44,240	49,520	54,850	44,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,105	47,970	48,135	98.7	98.7	98.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,720	37,680	41,200	44,720	37,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,995	45,210	43,785	91.4	93.0	89.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,600	48,560	36,440	42,600	48,560	36,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,240	36,640	32,600	71.1	75.4	66.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	48,400	39,920	44,400	48,400	39,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,745	38,190	41,555	81.9	78.6	85.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,150	11,400	12,840	12,150	11,400	12,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,400	6,470	4,930	11.7	13.3	10.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,760	5,780	8,040	6,760	5,780	8,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,585	13,545	11,035	25.2	27.9	22.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,130	6,740	7,600	7,130	6,740	7,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,415	48,585	48,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,085	19,170	15,915	36.0	39.5	32.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	58,800	52,400	55,600	58,800	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,950	67,000	58,100	62,950	67,000	58,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,135	13,445	13,685	27.9	27.7	28.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	26,000	17,600	20,800	26,000	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,880	32,880	24,920	28,880	32,880	24,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.6	83.4	75.0	79.6	83.4	75.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.6	67.4	61.2	64.6	67.4	61.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.4	16.6	25.1	20.4	16.6	25.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	1.9	1.6	1.4	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	4.0	4.9	4.4	4.0	4.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.5	3.9	3.7	3.5	3.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,395	48,575	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,315	625	685	1.4	1.3	1.4
With total income	96,080	47,950	48,130	98.6	98.7	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,955	2,110	2,850	5.2	4.4	5.9
$10,000 to $19,999	10,995	4,125	6,870	11.4	8.6	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	15,250	6,895	8,355	15.9	14.4	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,825	5,785	7,035	13.3	12.1	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	13,445	6,805	6,640	14.0	14.2	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	11,635	6,215	5,420	12.1	13.0	11.3
$60,000 to $69,999	8,190	4,660	3,530	8.5	9.7	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,630	3,305	2,320	5.9	6.9	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,155	2,445	1,705	4.3	5.1	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,810	1,585	1,220	2.9	3.3	2.5
$100,000 and over	6,195	4,015	2,180	6.4	8.4	4.5
$100,000 to $149,999	4,525	2,830	1,695	4.7	5.9	3.5
$150,000 and over	1,670	1,190	485	1.7	2.5	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,395	48,575	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,290	610	675	1.3	1.3	1.4
With after-tax income	96,105	47,960	48,145	98.7	98.7	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,445	2,240	3,205	5.7	4.7	6.7
$10,000 to $19,999	11,655	4,455	7,205	12.1	9.3	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	17,775	8,055	9,720	18.5	16.8	20.2
$30,000 to $39,999	17,060	8,280	8,780	17.8	17.3	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	16,480	8,900	7,580	17.1	18.6	15.7
$50,000 to $59,999	10,995	6,235	4,760	11.4	13.0	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,945	3,950	2,990	7.2	8.2	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,030	2,225	1,810	4.2	4.6	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,220	1,265	950	2.3	2.6	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,190	745	440	1.2	1.6	0.9
$100,000 and over	2,315	1,610	710	2.4	3.4	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,300	895	410	1.4	1.9	0.9
$125,000 and over	1,020	720	295	1.1	1.5	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,395	48,575	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,140	11,980	16,160	28.9	24.7	33.1
With employment income	69,255	36,595	32,660	71.1	75.3	66.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,020	4,270	3,745	11.6	11.7	11.5
$5,000 to $9,999	4,945	2,150	2,800	7.1	5.9	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,920	3,515	4,405	11.4	9.6	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,795	3,095	3,705	9.8	8.5	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	7,655	3,810	3,845	11.1	10.4	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	8,500	4,500	3,995	12.3	12.3	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,945	3,915	3,030	10.0	10.7	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,205	3,210	2,000	7.5	8.8	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,715	2,250	1,465	5.4	6.1	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,135	1,760	1,375	4.5	4.8	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,930	1,150	785	2.8	3.1	2.4
$100,000 and over	4,485	2,975	1,515	6.5	8.1	4.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,385	1,485	905	3.4	4.1	2.8
$125,000 and over	2,100	1,490	615	3.0	4.1	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,395	48,575	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,065	47,425	47,635	97.6	97.6	97.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,000	35,600	40,800	46,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,110	47,430	47,675	97.7	97.6	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,600	31,800	35,600	39,600	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,650	44,570	43,080	90.0	91.8	88.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,400	30,000	36,400	42,400	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,995	36,895	33,100	71.9	76.0	67.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,000	33,600	38,800	44,000	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,530	33,975	38,550	74.5	69.9	79.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	7,400	9,800	8,800	7,400	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,715	6,135	4,585	11.0	12.6	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,400	4,160	4,960	4,400	4,160	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,415	48,590	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,080	47,435	47,645	97.6	97.6	97.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,240	53,100	41,400	47,240	53,100	41,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,115	47,435	47,680	97.6	97.6	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,200	35,200	39,200	43,200	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,950	44,660	43,290	90.3	91.9	88.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,920	49,520	36,120	42,920	49,520	36,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,880	36,845	33,035	71.7	75.8	67.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,960	48,640	38,760	43,960	48,640	38,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,530	33,970	38,565	74.5	69.9	79.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,880	9,090	10,570	9,880	9,090	10,570
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,045	6,330	4,720	11.3	13.0	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,430	5,210	8,060	6,430	5,210	8,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,415	48,585	48,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,890	19,050	15,840	35.8	39.2	32.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	56,800	48,400	52,800	56,800	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,450	64,300	53,600	59,450	64,300	53,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,940	12,935	13,005	26.6	26.6	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	31,200	20,200	25,000	31,200	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,720	37,480	28,000	32,720	37,480	28,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.0	87.8	79.4	84.0	87.8	79.4
Employment income (%)	68.4	71.2	65.0	68.4	71.2	65.0
Government transfers (%)	16.0	12.3	20.7	16.0	12.3	20.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	54,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,855	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	54,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,800	...	...	86,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,200	...	...	72,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,280	...	...	46,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,875	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	54,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	320	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	590	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	985	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,075	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,980	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,980	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,760	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,755	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,700	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,985	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,315	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,970	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,660	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,205	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,300	...	...	31.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,320	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,215	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,215	...	...	7.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,550	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	54,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	370	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	620	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,045	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,275	...	...	6.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,500	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,690	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,440	...	...	6.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,535	...	...	6.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,140	...	...	5.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,455	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,965	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,390	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,920	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,270	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,965	...	...	21.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,650	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,215	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,100	...	...	5.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	17,020	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,445	11,290	11,155	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	43,600	37,200	40,400	43,600	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	38,000	33,600	35,600	38,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,400	...	...	91,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,400	...	...	78,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,600	...	...	147,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,100	...	...	120,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,450	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,800	...	...	77,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,425	11,260	11,170	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,400	48,280	42,480	45,400	48,280	42,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,480	40,240	36,720	38,480	40,240	36,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	115,820	58,100	57,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,770	11,225	10,550	18.8	19.3	18.3
0 to 5 years	6,905	3,595	3,310	6.0	6.2	5.7
18 to 64 years	67,575	34,160	33,415	58.3	58.8	57.9
65 years and over	26,470	12,715	13,755	22.9	21.9	23.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,210	5,180	6,030	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,380	730	650	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	425	215	215	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,880	2,450	2,430	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,945	1,995	2,950	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.7	8.9	10.4	9.7	8.9	10.4
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3	6.5	6.2	6.3	6.5	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.2	5.9	6.4	6.2	5.9	6.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	7.2	7.3	7.2	7.2	7.3
65 years and over (%)	18.7	15.7	21.4	18.7	15.7	21.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	115,815	58,100	57,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,775	11,225	10,545	18.8	19.3	18.3
0 to 5 years	6,905	3,600	3,310	6.0	6.2	5.7
18 to 64 years	67,575	34,160	33,415	58.3	58.8	57.9
65 years and over	26,470	12,715	13,755	22.9	21.9	23.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,010	1,960	2,045	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	525	270	250	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	80	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,685	1,435	1,245	...	...	...
65 years and over	805	255	545	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.1	2.6	2.4	2.1	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.2	3.7	4.0	4.2	3.7
65 years and over (%)	3.0	2.0	4.0	3.0	2.0	4.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	115,815	58,100	57,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	63,400	31,170	32,235	54.7	53.6	55.9
In bottom decile	8,845	4,150	4,690	7.6	7.1	8.1
In second decile	12,400	5,915	6,485	10.7	10.2	11.2
In third decile	13,380	6,560	6,820	11.6	11.3	11.8
In fourth decile	14,385	7,215	7,170	12.4	12.4	12.4
In fifth decile	14,395	7,325	7,070	12.4	12.6	12.2
In top half of the distribution	52,415	26,935	25,480	45.3	46.4	44.1
In sixth decile	14,205	7,260	6,945	12.3	12.5	12.0
In seventh decile	13,135	6,745	6,395	11.3	11.6	11.1
In eighth decile	11,265	5,815	5,450	9.7	10.0	9.4
In ninth decile	8,335	4,295	4,040	7.2	7.4	7.0
In top decile	5,470	2,815	2,650	4.7	4.8	4.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	115,815	...	...	115,815	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.407	...	...	0.407	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.246	...	...	0.246	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	117,970	58,995	58,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	260	150	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
French only	81,580	38,985	42,595	69.2	66.1	72.2
English and French	35,920	19,735	16,185	30.4	33.5	27.4
Neither English nor French	210	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	117,970	58,995	58,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,240	675	570	1.1	1.1	1.0
French	115,970	57,900	58,075	98.3	98.1	98.5
English and French	565	310	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Neither English nor French	195	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	117,970	58,995	58,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	116,835	58,420	58,420	99.0	99.0	99.1
Official languages	114,370	57,115	57,255	96.9	96.8	97.1
English	1,040	555	485	0.9	0.9	0.8
French	113,325	56,555	56,775	96.1	95.9	96.3
Non-official languages	2,470	1,305	1,165	2.1	2.2	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,465	1,305	1,165	2.1	2.2	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	655	345	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	545	290	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	540	285	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Merina	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	115	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,125	590	535	1.0	1.0	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	950	500	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	740	405	335	0.6	0.7	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,125	580	555	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	665	340	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	360	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	117,970	58,995	58,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	460	240	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
French	111,675	55,635	56,040	94.7	94.3	95.0
Non-official language	665	375	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	665	375	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	2,935	1,620	1,320	2.5	2.7	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,640	815	825	1.4	1.4	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	490	255	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	117,970	58,995	58,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	116,910	58,450	58,465	99.1	99.1	99.1
Official languages	115,650	57,770	57,885	98.0	97.9	98.2
English	795	420	375	0.7	0.7	0.6
French	114,850	57,350	57,505	97.4	97.2	97.5
Non-official languages	1,260	680	580	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,260	680	580	1.1	1.2	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	30	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	660	370	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	615	340	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	505	295	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,060	550	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	535	275	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	425	220	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	117,970	58,995	58,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	113,730	56,735	56,995	96.4	96.2	96.6
English	2,230	1,250	975	1.9	2.1	1.7
French	715	370	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	860	420	445	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	860	420	440	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	115,820	58,075	57,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	115,685	58,005	57,680	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	35,880	19,815	16,060	31.0	34.1	27.8
French	115,405	57,840	57,565	99.6	99.6	99.7
Non-official languages	6,100	2,980	3,120	5.3	5.1	5.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,100	2,980	3,120	5.3	5.1	5.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	945	520	425	0.8	0.9	0.7
Berber languages	145	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	865	475	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	865	475	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	280	180	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	135	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,855	1,740	2,110	3.3	3.0	3.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	180	85	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	180	85	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	235	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	235	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,485	1,550	1,940	3.0	2.7	3.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	3,210	1,450	1,760	2.8	2.5	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	510	295	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	140	100	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,815	58,070	57,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,375	675	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,290	625	665	1.1	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	795	335	460	0.7	0.6	0.8
Métis	475	280	195	0.4	0.5	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	114,440	57,395	57,045	98.8	98.8	98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,815	58,070	57,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	410	215	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	115,405	57,860	57,550	99.6	99.6	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,310	...	...	64.4	...	...
Renter	19,495	...	...	35.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,035	...	...	11.0	...	...
Not condominium	48,765	...	...	89.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	6,940	...	...	12.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,945	...	...	32.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,170	...	...	33.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,600	...	...	21.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	18,055	...	...	32.9	...	...
5 rooms	8,855	...	...	16.2	...	...
6 rooms	7,170	...	...	13.1	...	...
7 rooms	6,590	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,130	...	...	25.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	54,620	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	180	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	54,105	...	...	98.7	...	...
Not suitable	705	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	13,855	...	...	25.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,920	...	...	25.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,885	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,430	...	...	9.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,055	...	...	5.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,730	...	...	6.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,395	...	...	6.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,530	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	52,330	...	...	95.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,470	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	31,425	...	...	57.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,730	...	...	41.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	650	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,695	...	...	3.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,685	...	...	12.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,585	...	...	15.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,435	...	...	15.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,650	...	...	21.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,575	...	...	19.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,605	...	...	10.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,570	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	53,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	47,745	...	...	88.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,250	...	...	11.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,790	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	54,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,980	...	...	16.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,875	...	...	10.7	...	...
Not suitable only	610	...	...	1.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,050	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	355	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	45,825	...	...	83.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	53,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,320	...	...	4.3	...	...
Not in core need	51,215	...	...	95.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,730	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.0	...	...	57.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	985	...	...	985	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	263,600	...	...	263,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,395	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.9	...	...	19.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	775	...	...	775	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	829	...	...	829	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	115,815	58,075	57,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,560	710	850	1.3	1.2	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,550	710	840	1.3	1.2	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,355	615	735	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis single ancestry	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,055	975	1,080	1.8	1.7	1.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,040	965	1,075	1.8	1.7	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,885	885	1,000	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	112,200	56,385	55,810	96.9	97.1	96.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	115,820	58,075	57,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	112,690	56,410	56,285	97.3	97.1	97.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,110	10,880	10,230	18.2	18.7	17.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	91,585	45,530	46,050	79.1	78.4	79.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,125	1,665	1,460	2.7	2.9	2.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	115,820	58,075	57,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	110,530	55,225	55,300	95.4	95.1	95.8
Immigrants⁸¹	3,690	1,945	1,740	3.2	3.3	3.0
Before 1980	315	185	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
1980 to 1990	210	145	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
1991 to 2000	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
2001 to 2010	905	475	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,940	980	955	1.7	1.7	1.7
2011 to 2015	930	495	430	0.8	0.9	0.7
2016 to 2021	1,010	485	530	0.9	0.8	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,595	900	695	1.4	1.5	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,690	1,945	1,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	445	270	180	12.1	13.9	10.3
5 to 14 years	595	285	305	16.1	14.7	17.5
15 to 24 years	495	285	210	13.4	14.7	12.0
25 to 44 years	1,970	1,010	965	53.4	51.9	55.3
45 years and over	185	100	85	5.0	5.1	4.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,690	1,945	1,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	990	510	475	26.8	26.2	27.2
Brazil	80	35	45	2.2	1.8	2.6
Colombia	155	70	85	4.2	3.6	4.9
El Salvador	20	10	0	0.5	0.5	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	260	150	115	7.0	7.7	6.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	90	35	55	2.4	1.8	3.2
Peru	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.6
United States of America	160	95	65	4.3	4.9	3.7
Other places of birth in Americas	190	95	95	5.1	4.9	5.4
Europe	1,065	585	480	28.9	30.1	27.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	15	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
France	790	475	315	21.4	24.4	18.1
Germany	40	10	25	1.1	0.5	1.4
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Portugal	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Romania	20	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.9
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0	20	0.5	0.0	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	100	60	40	2.7	3.1	2.3
Africa	1,280	655	630	34.7	33.7	36.1
Algeria	200	120	80	5.4	6.2	4.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	25	20	1.2	1.3	1.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	190	115	75	5.1	5.9	4.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	845	390	455	22.9	20.1	26.1
Asia	350	190	160	9.5	9.8	9.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	20	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	15	0.9	1.0	0.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	110	50	60	3.0	2.6	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Philippines	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Viet Nam	55	30	30	1.5	1.5	1.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	40	35	2.0	2.1	2.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,015	480	530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	215	100	120	21.2	20.8	22.6
Brazil	45	15	30	4.4	3.1	5.7
Colombia	40	15	25	3.9	3.1	4.7
Haiti	30	15	15	3.0	3.1	2.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	0	10	2.0	0.0	1.9
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	55	35	20	5.4	7.3	3.8
Europe	230	120	115	22.7	25.0	21.7
France	185	105	80	18.2	21.9	15.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	15	2.0	0.0	2.8
Africa	490	225	270	48.3	46.9	50.9
Algeria	100	50	45	9.9	10.4	8.5
Burundi	10	10	0	1.0	2.1	0.0
Cameroon	40	25	20	3.9	5.2	3.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	45	15	25	4.4	3.1	4.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	65	35	30	6.4	7.3	5.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	100	55	50	9.9	11.5	9.4
Other places of birth in Africa	135	40	90	13.3	8.3	17.0
Asia	70	40	30	6.9	8.3	5.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	15	2.0	0.0	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	10	3.0	3.1	1.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	115,815	58,070	57,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,780	3,095	2,690	5.0	5.3	4.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,115	1,610	1,505	2.7	2.8	2.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	106,920	53,365	53,550	92.3	91.9	92.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,375	1,760	1,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,920	1,110	805	56.9	63.1	49.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	970	695	280	28.7	39.5	17.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	945	415	530	28.0	23.6	32.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,075	450	625	31.9	25.6	38.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	340	180	160	10.1	10.2	9.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	20	20	1.2	1.1	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,375	1,760	1,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115	60	60	3.4	3.4	3.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	450	265	185	13.3	15.1	11.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	120	40	80	3.6	2.3	5.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	255	150	110	7.6	8.5	6.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,410	1,235	1,175	71.4	70.2	72.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	115,815	58,070	57,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,365	2,265	2,100	3.8	3.9	3.6
South Asian	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	300	70	225	0.3	0.1	0.4
Black	1,810	950	850	1.6	1.6	1.5
Filipino	150	125	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
Arab	780	435	345	0.7	0.7	0.6
Latin American	725	405	320	0.6	0.7	0.6
Southeast Asian	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	111,450	55,810	55,645	96.2	96.1	96.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	115,820	58,075	57,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	46,550	23,205	23,345	40.2	40.0	40.4
English	940	475	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Irish	3,930	1,965	1,965	3.4	3.4	3.4
Scottish	1,055	505	550	0.9	0.9	1.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	29,460	14,980	14,480	25.4	25.8	25.1
German	1,055	465	590	0.9	0.8	1.0
Chinese	250	55	195	0.2	0.1	0.3
Italian	805	410	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indian (India)	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	16,860	8,450	8,405	14.6	14.6	14.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	140	105	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	12,750	6,300	6,445	11.0	10.8	11.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,240	1,140	1,095	1.9	2.0	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,550	690	855	1.3	1.2	1.5
Métis	365	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,090	530	560	0.9	0.9	1.0
Russian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Norwegian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Welsh	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	190	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
American	430	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	340	180	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	1,150	490	660	1.0	0.8	1.1
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	270	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanese	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,715	930	785	1.5	1.6	1.4
Danish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	360	135	225	0.3	0.2	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	360	200	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	405	220	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	180	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Finnish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	360	210	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Moroccan	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	195	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Brazilian	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	235	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	335	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	225	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	85	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	320	185	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	115	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	155	100	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	115,815	58,075	57,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	88,205	43,105	45,100	76.2	74.2	78.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,950	3,465	3,495	6.0	6.0	6.1
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	79,675	38,905	40,770	68.8	67.0	70.6
Christian Orthodox	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	470	205	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	535	275	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,330	720	610	1.1	1.2	1.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	185	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	25,915	14,055	11,865	22.4	24.2	20.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	114,795	57,545	57,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	101,430	51,130	50,305	88.4	88.9	87.9
Movers	13,370	6,415	6,950	11.6	11.1	12.1
Non-migrants	7,495	3,565	3,925	6.5	6.2	6.9
Migrants	5,875	2,855	3,025	5.1	5.0	5.3
Internal migrants	5,260	2,535	2,725	4.6	4.4	4.8
Intraprovincial migrants	5,025	2,420	2,600	4.4	4.2	4.5
Interprovincial migrants	240	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	615	320	295	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	110,175	55,140	55,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	70,880	35,865	35,015	64.3	65.0	63.6
Movers	39,300	19,275	20,025	35.7	35.0	36.4
Non-migrants	17,165	8,355	8,810	15.6	15.2	16.0
Migrants	22,135	10,920	11,220	20.1	19.8	20.4
Internal migrants	19,995	9,825	10,170	18.1	17.8	18.5
Intraprovincial migrants	19,485	9,590	9,895	17.7	17.4	18.0
Interprovincial migrants	510	235	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
External migrants	2,140	1,090	1,050	1.9	2.0	1.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,415	48,590	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,635	10,940	8,690	20.2	22.5	17.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,780	37,650	40,130	79.8	77.5	82.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,785	30,030	29,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,960	4,910	3,050	13.3	16.4	10.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	51,825	25,125	26,700	86.7	83.7	89.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,410	48,590	48,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,990	8,965	8,030	17.4	18.5	16.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,535	9,845	10,690	21.1	20.3	21.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	59,880	29,780	30,105	61.5	61.3	61.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,995	21,840	20,150	43.1	44.9	41.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,505	12,410	7,100	20.0	25.5	14.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,305	8,205	6,100	14.7	16.9	12.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,200	4,205	995	5.3	8.7	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,935	8,110	10,825	19.4	16.7	22.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,545	1,320	2,225	3.6	2.7	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,890	7,935	9,955	18.4	16.3	20.4
Bachelor's degree	11,800	5,025	6,775	12.1	10.3	13.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,705	755	950	1.8	1.6	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	540	255	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	3,365	1,615	1,750	3.5	3.3	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	480	285	195	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,790	30,030	29,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,215	3,630	2,585	10.4	12.1	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,750	5,045	4,700	16.3	16.8	15.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,820	21,355	22,465	73.3	71.1	75.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,115	15,695	14,420	50.4	52.3	48.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,840	9,300	5,545	24.8	31.0	18.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,090	6,245	4,845	18.5	20.8	16.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,755	3,060	700	6.3	10.2	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,150	5,650	7,500	22.0	18.8	25.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,115	745	1,375	3.5	2.5	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,710	5,660	8,045	22.9	18.8	27.0
Bachelor's degree	8,975	3,595	5,375	15.0	12.0	18.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,360	565	795	2.3	1.9	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	380	150	235	0.6	0.5	0.8
Master's degree	2,640	1,175	1,465	4.4	3.9	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	355	175	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,415	48,590	48,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,535	18,810	18,720	38.5	38.7	38.3
Education	4,980	1,275	3,705	5.1	2.6	7.6
13. Education	4,980	1,275	3,705	5.1	2.6	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,705	705	1,000	1.8	1.5	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	285	205	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,420	500	920	1.5	1.0	1.9
Humanities	2,695	1,205	1,480	2.8	2.5	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	345	105	240	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,410	650	765	1.4	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	130	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	150	105	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	420	130	290	0.4	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,315	1,360	2,955	4.4	2.8	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	525	225	295	0.5	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,160	80	1,080	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	830	320	515	0.9	0.7	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	155	20	135	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	610	155	455	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	1,010	555	450	1.0	1.1	0.9
Business, management and public administration	14,020	4,980	9,040	14.4	10.2	18.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	975	230	745	1.0	0.5	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,040	4,745	8,290	13.4	9.8	17.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,550	830	720	1.6	1.7	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	535	215	315	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	365	285	75	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,965	1,370	595	2.0	2.8	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,720	1,265	460	1.8	2.6	0.9
25. Library science	120	20	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	80	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,810	12,795	1,015	14.2	26.3	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	460	300	160	0.5	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	1,320	1,155	160	1.4	2.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,710	2,380	335	2.8	4.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,175	3,035	140	3.3	6.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,385	3,250	130	3.5	6.7	0.3
48. Precision production	2,755	2,665	95	2.8	5.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,035	1,370	670	2.1	2.8	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,535	980	560	1.6	2.0	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	505	395	115	0.5	0.8	0.2
Health and related fields	7,975	1,335	6,640	8.2	2.7	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	195	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,425	1,055	6,370	7.6	2.2	13.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,810	2,545	2,265	4.9	5.2	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,600	610	1,995	2.7	1.3	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	660	485	175	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,515	1,415	100	1.6	2.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,785	30,035	29,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,970	8,680	7,290	26.7	28.9	24.5
Education	3,045	630	2,415	5.1	2.1	8.1
13. Education	3,045	630	2,415	5.1	2.1	8.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,275	510	770	2.1	1.7	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	220	150	70	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,060	355	700	1.8	1.2	2.4
Humanities	1,655	720	935	2.8	2.4	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	265	65	190	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	805	380	425	1.3	1.3	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	70	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	110	80	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	280	75	205	0.5	0.2	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,335	965	2,365	5.6	3.2	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	400	165	230	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	990	70	925	1.7	0.2	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	580	180	395	1.0	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	15	100	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	480	110	370	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	750	415	335	1.3	1.4	1.1
Business, management and public administration	10,695	3,570	7,125	17.9	11.9	23.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	730	170	560	1.2	0.6	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,955	3,400	6,560	16.7	11.3	22.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,005	540	465	1.7	1.8	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	435	165	270	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	70	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	300	225	75	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,605	1,160	440	2.7	3.9	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,465	1,100	365	2.5	3.7	1.2
25. Library science	65	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,255	9,370	885	17.2	31.2	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	325	195	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	1,055	905	155	1.8	3.0	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,090	1,795	295	3.5	6.0	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,285	2,180	100	3.8	7.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,460	2,345	115	4.1	7.8	0.4
48. Precision production	2,045	1,955	90	3.4	6.5	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,620	1,060	565	2.7	3.5	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,240	775	465	2.1	2.6	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	375	285	100	0.6	0.9	0.3
Health and related fields	5,605	905	4,700	9.4	3.0	15.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	210	100	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,245	755	4,485	8.8	2.5	15.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	45	110	0.3	0.1	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,710	1,915	1,795	6.2	6.4	6.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,030	465	1,560	3.4	1.5	5.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	505	375	135	0.8	1.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,165	1,065	95	1.9	3.5	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,785	30,035	29,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,970	8,680	7,290	26.7	28.9	24.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,820	21,355	22,465	73.3	71.1	75.5
Location of study inside Canada	41,765	20,260	21,505	69.9	67.5	72.3
Same as province or territory of residence	41,245	19,935	21,310	69.0	66.4	71.6
Different than province or territory of residence	525	330	200	0.9	1.1	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,055	1,095	960	3.4	3.6	3.2
Americas	465	250	215	0.8	0.8	0.7
United States of America	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	145	80	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	85	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Europe	825	455	370	1.4	1.5	1.2
Belgium	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	680	405	280	1.1	1.3	0.9
Germany	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	585	300	285	1.0	1.0	1.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Morocco	95	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisia	155	95	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	255	110	140	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asia	170	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	65	60	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,410	48,590	48,825	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,840	33,130	29,705	...	...	...
Employed	59,190	31,380	27,810	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,650	1,750	1,900	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,575	15,455	19,120	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.5	68.2	60.8	64.5	68.2	60.8
Employment rate	60.8	64.6	57.0	60.8	64.6	57.0
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.3	6.4	5.8	5.3	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,415	48,590	48,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,445	14,900	18,550	34.3	30.7	38.0
Worked	63,970	33,690	30,275	65.7	69.3	62.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	35,785	19,635	16,150	36.7	40.4	33.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,185	14,060	14,125	28.9	28.9	28.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.3	42.5	42.9	43.3	42.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,840	33,135	29,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,030	510	520	1.6	1.5	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,805	32,625	29,185	98.4	98.5	98.2
Employee	55,255	28,605	26,655	87.9	86.3	89.7
Permanent position	46,890	24,510	22,380	74.6	74.0	75.3
Temporary position	8,365	4,095	4,270	13.3	12.4	14.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,890	1,320	1,575	4.6	4.0	5.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,475	2,780	2,695	8.7	8.4	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,550	4,020	2,535	10.4	12.1	8.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,840	33,135	29,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,030	510	520	1.6	1.5	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,805	32,625	29,185	98.4	98.5	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	880	650	235	1.4	2.0	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,055	3,720	7,335	17.6	11.2	24.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,530	3,390	1,140	7.2	10.2	3.8
3 Health occupations	5,520	1,035	4,480	8.8	3.1	15.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,010	1,925	5,080	11.2	5.8	17.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,240	605	630	2.0	1.8	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	13,945	6,045	7,900	22.2	18.2	26.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,230	10,455	775	17.9	31.6	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,010	1,540	475	3.2	4.6	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,385	3,255	1,135	7.0	9.8	3.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,840	33,135	29,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,030	510	520	1.6	1.5	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	61,805	32,625	29,185	98.4	98.5	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,210	1,535	675	3.5	4.6	2.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	180	165	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	200	180	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
23 Construction	4,620	4,025	590	7.4	12.1	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	9,180	6,865	2,320	14.6	20.7	7.8
41 Wholesale trade	1,945	1,430	515	3.1	4.3	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	7,095	3,395	3,700	11.3	10.2	12.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,495	2,070	420	4.0	6.2	1.4
51 Information and cultural industries	430	275	155	0.7	0.8	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	4,665	1,635	3,030	7.4	4.9	10.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	645	365	280	1.0	1.1	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,670	2,075	1,595	5.8	6.3	5.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	110	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,000	1,280	720	3.2	3.9	2.4
61 Educational services	3,990	1,135	2,855	6.3	3.4	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	9,170	1,710	7,465	14.6	5.2	25.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	615	285	330	1.0	0.9	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,480	1,020	1,465	3.9	3.1	4.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,645	1,290	1,360	4.2	3.9	4.6
91 Public administration	3,470	1,850	1,615	5.5	5.6	5.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	66,875	35,180	31,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	510	335	175	0.8	1.0	0.6
French	58,900	30,285	28,615	88.1	86.1	90.3
Non-official language	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	7,155	4,405	2,750	10.7	12.5	8.7
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	66,875	35,180	31,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,965	34,630	31,330	98.6	98.4	98.8
Official languages	65,895	34,590	31,310	98.5	98.3	98.8
English	1,195	770	425	1.8	2.2	1.3
French	64,700	33,820	30,885	96.7	96.1	97.4
Non-official languages	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	915	550	365	1.4	1.6	1.2
English and French	870	525	345	1.3	1.5	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	66,875	35,180	31,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	60,340	31,175	29,165	90.2	88.6	92.0
English	5,625	3,460	2,165	8.4	9.8	6.8
French	705	450	260	1.1	1.3	0.8
Non-official language	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,190	31,385	27,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,695	5,655	6,035	19.8	18.0	21.7
Worked outside Canada	85	85	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,865	4,520	1,350	9.9	14.4	4.9
Usual place of work	41,550	21,125	20,425	70.2	67.3	73.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,550	21,125	20,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,050	10,575	11,475	53.1	50.1	56.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,420	2,320	2,100	10.6	11.0	10.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,020	8,190	6,830	36.1	38.8	33.4
Commute to a different province or territory	55	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	47,415	25,645	21,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	42,635	23,440	19,200	89.9	91.4	88.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40,195	22,305	17,890	84.8	87.0	82.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,440	1,135	1,305	5.1	4.4	6.0
Public transit	1,205	560	645	2.5	2.2	3.0
Walked	2,740	1,145	1,590	5.8	4.5	7.3
Bicycle	295	225	70	0.6	0.9	0.3
Other method	545	275	265	1.1	1.1	1.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	47,415	25,645	21,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	19,010	9,355	9,650	40.1	36.5	44.3
15 to 29 minutes	15,790	8,505	7,285	33.3	33.2	33.5
30 to 44 minutes	8,775	5,345	3,425	18.5	20.8	15.7
45 to 59 minutes	2,265	1,375	890	4.8	5.4	4.1
60 minutes and over	1,585	1,070	515	3.3	4.2	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	47,415	25,645	21,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,340	2,615	720	7.0	10.2	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,985	6,930	3,055	21.1	27.0	14.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,690	7,460	8,230	33.1	29.1	37.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,145	3,220	4,925	17.2	12.6	22.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,185	1,325	1,860	6.7	5.2	8.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,075	4,095	2,980	14.9	16.0	13.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,180	11,435	10,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,495	775	720	6.7	6.8	6.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,680	10,660	10,020	93.2	93.2	93.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,110	8,295	7,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,200	635	570	7.4	7.7	7.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	875	460	410	5.4	5.5	5.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	325	170	160	2.0	2.0	2.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,910	7,660	7,245	92.6	92.3	92.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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