Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Beauport--LimoilouMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,660	55,115	58,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,610	7,960	7,650	13.7	14.4	13.1
0 to 4 years	5,215	2,715	2,500	4.6	4.9	4.3
5 to 9 years	5,325	2,680	2,640	4.7	4.9	4.5
10 to 14 years	5,075	2,565	2,510	4.5	4.7	4.3
15 to 64 years	72,240	36,210	36,030	63.6	65.7	61.5
15 to 19 years	4,795	2,495	2,310	4.2	4.5	3.9
20 to 24 years	6,115	2,995	3,120	5.4	5.4	5.3
25 to 29 years	8,565	4,310	4,250	7.5	7.8	7.3
30 to 34 years	8,145	4,070	4,075	7.2	7.4	7.0
35 to 39 years	7,785	4,060	3,725	6.8	7.4	6.4
40 to 44 years	7,330	3,745	3,585	6.4	6.8	6.1
45 to 49 years	6,210	3,115	3,095	5.5	5.7	5.3
50 to 54 years	6,330	3,135	3,195	5.6	5.7	5.5
55 to 59 years	8,275	4,020	4,255	7.3	7.3	7.3
60 to 64 years	8,695	4,270	4,415	7.7	7.7	7.5
65 years and over	25,810	10,955	14,855	22.7	19.9	25.4
65 to 69 years	7,755	3,655	4,105	6.8	6.6	7.0
70 to 74 years	6,665	2,980	3,685	5.9	5.4	6.3
75 to 79 years	5,025	2,145	2,885	4.4	3.9	4.9
80 to 84 years	3,185	1,260	1,925	2.8	2.3	3.3
85 years and over	3,170	910	2,260	2.8	1.7	3.9
85 to 89 years	1,850	570	1,280	1.6	1.0	2.2
90 to 94 years	1,005	275	735	0.9	0.5	1.3
95 to 99 years	275	60	215	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	45	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.7	14.4	13.1	13.7	14.4	13.1
15 to 64 years	63.6	65.7	61.5	63.6	65.7	61.5
65 years and over	22.7	19.9	25.4	22.7	19.9	25.4
85 years and over	2.8	1.7	3.9	2.8	1.7	3.9
Average age of the population	44.3	42.8	45.7	44.3	42.8	45.7
Median age of the population	44.0	42.0	46.0	44.0	42.0	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	58,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	13,830	...	...	23.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,525	...	...	2.6	...	...
Row house	810	...	...	1.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,005	...	...	10.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	33,350	...	...	57.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,570	...	...	4.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	230	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	58,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	26,870	...	...	46.1	...	...
2 persons	19,450	...	...	33.3	...	...
3 persons	5,760	...	...	9.9	...	...
4 persons	4,275	...	...	7.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,980	...	...	3.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	110,945	54,270	56,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	98,050	47,160	50,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	48,760	24,440	24,320	49.7	51.8	47.8
Married	23,725	11,890	11,835	24.2	25.2	23.3
Living common-law	25,035	12,545	12,485	25.5	26.6	24.5
Living common law - Never married	21,065	10,520	10,545	21.5	22.3	20.7
Living common law - Separated	220	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,330	1,735	1,595	3.4	3.7	3.1
Living common law - Widowed	415	175	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	49,290	22,720	26,570	50.3	48.2	52.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,870	18,070	16,805	35.6	38.3	33.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,370	615	755	1.4	1.3	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,785	2,835	4,945	7.9	6.0	9.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,270	1,210	4,060	5.4	2.6	8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,980	...	...	61.7	...	...
3 persons	5,350	...	...	18.4	...	...
4 persons	4,055	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,770	...	...	6.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,970	...	...	82.2	...	...
Married couples	11,455	...	...	39.3	...	...
With children⁶	4,090	...	...	14.0	...	...
Without children	7,365	...	...	25.3	...	...
Common-law couples	12,510	...	...	42.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,160	...	...	17.7	...	...
Without children	7,355	...	...	25.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,185	...	...	17.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,860	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,325	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	110,945	54,270	56,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	77,775	38,430	39,345	70.1	70.8	69.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	47,935	24,015	23,925	43.2	44.3	42.2
Parents in one-parent families	5,185	1,325	3,860	4.7	2.4	6.8
Children⁶	24,655	13,090	11,565	22.2	24.1	20.4
In a two-parent family	17,010	8,900	8,110	15.3	16.4	14.3
In a one-parent family	7,645	4,195	3,455	6.9	7.7	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	33,170	15,840	17,325	29.9	29.2	30.6
Living alone	26,870	12,320	14,555	24.2	22.7	25.7
Living with other relatives⁷	1,810	875	935	1.6	1.6	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	4,485	2,650	1,835	4.0	4.9	3.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	58,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,025	...	...	48.0	...	...
Couple-family households	23,225	...	...	39.8	...	...
With children⁶	8,955	...	...	15.4	...	...
Without children	14,265	...	...	24.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,805	...	...	8.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	270	...	...	0.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	650	...	...	1.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,455	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	26,875	...	...	46.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	95,360	46,325	49,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,890	45,570	48,325	98.5	98.4	98.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	43,200	37,600	40,400	43,200	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,925	45,590	48,335	98.5	98.4	98.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,000	33,600	35,600	38,000	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,440	41,650	42,795	88.5	89.9	87.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,200	28,800	32,800	37,200	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,950	34,485	32,465	70.2	74.4	66.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,000	34,000	36,000	38,000	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,990	37,410	42,580	83.9	80.8	86.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700	10,400	12,500	11,700	10,400	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,090	6,530	5,555	12.7	14.1	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,490	14,235	12,260	27.8	30.7	25.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	95,315	46,335	48,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,905	45,690	48,215	98.5	98.6	98.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,040	49,400	42,880	46,040	49,400	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,935	45,715	48,220	98.6	98.7	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,920	41,040	36,920	38,920	41,040	36,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,555	41,890	42,665	88.7	90.4	87.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,480	43,720	35,360	39,480	43,720	35,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,955	34,630	32,325	70.2	74.7	66.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,160	43,480	38,720	41,160	43,480	38,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,920	37,395	42,530	83.8	80.7	86.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,340	11,420	13,140	12,340	11,420	13,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,055	6,455	5,595	12.6	13.9	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,840	5,980	7,830	6,840	5,980	7,830
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,565	14,285	12,280	27.9	30.8	25.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,150	8,030	8,290	8,150	8,030	8,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	95,315	46,335	48,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,280	16,850	15,435	33.9	36.4	31.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	57,600	50,800	54,000	57,600	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,150	63,550	56,450	60,150	63,550	56,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,575	13,625	13,955	28.9	29.4	28.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	20,400	17,800	19,000	20,400	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,080	27,720	24,440	26,080	27,720	24,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.2	81.0	73.0	77.2	81.0	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.7	66.6	60.5	63.7	66.6	60.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.8	18.9	27.1	22.8	18.9	27.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.1	1.9	1.7	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	5.7	6.0	5.9	5.7	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	5.1	4.9	5.0	5.1	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	95,360	46,325	49,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,460	755	710	1.5	1.6	1.4
With total income	93,890	45,570	48,325	98.5	98.4	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,840	2,305	2,535	5.1	5.0	5.2
$10,000 to $19,999	10,605	4,470	6,125	11.3	9.8	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	16,440	7,100	9,340	17.5	15.6	19.3
$30,000 to $39,999	14,580	6,660	7,920	15.5	14.6	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	13,685	6,550	7,140	14.6	14.4	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	10,675	5,320	5,360	11.4	11.7	11.1
$60,000 to $69,999	7,385	3,955	3,430	7.9	8.7	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,870	2,770	2,100	5.2	6.1	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,760	2,085	1,675	4.0	4.6	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,420	1,310	1,110	2.6	2.9	2.3
$100,000 and over	4,640	3,055	1,585	4.9	6.7	3.3
$100,000 to $149,999	3,725	2,380	1,350	4.0	5.2	2.8
$150,000 and over	915	680	240	1.0	1.5	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	95,360	46,325	49,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,435	735	695	1.5	1.6	1.4
With after-tax income	93,925	45,590	48,335	98.5	98.4	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,240	2,395	2,840	5.6	5.3	5.9
$10,000 to $19,999	11,220	4,790	6,425	11.9	10.5	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	19,825	8,670	11,155	21.1	19.0	23.1
$30,000 to $39,999	18,540	8,855	9,685	19.7	19.4	20.0
$40,000 to $49,999	15,340	7,775	7,565	16.3	17.0	15.7
$50,000 to $59,999	9,825	5,215	4,610	10.5	11.4	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,040	3,265	2,775	6.4	7.2	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,670	1,910	1,760	3.9	4.2	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,920	1,140	785	2.0	2.5	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	930	585	340	1.0	1.3	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,375	990	385	1.5	2.2	0.8
$100,000 to $124,999	850	600	250	0.9	1.3	0.5
$125,000 and over	525	395	135	0.6	0.9	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	95,360	46,325	49,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,400	11,840	16,565	29.8	25.5	33.8
With employment income	66,950	34,485	32,465	70.2	74.4	66.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,025	4,375	3,655	12.0	12.7	11.3
$5,000 to $9,999	5,250	2,435	2,815	7.8	7.0	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	8,360	3,870	4,490	12.5	11.2	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	7,410	3,525	3,885	11.1	10.2	12.0
$30,000 to $39,999	7,745	3,835	3,910	11.6	11.1	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	7,925	3,820	4,105	11.8	11.1	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	6,125	3,155	2,975	9.1	9.1	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,565	2,565	2,005	6.8	7.4	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,495	1,995	1,500	5.2	5.8	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,835	1,545	1,295	4.2	4.5	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,805	1,040	765	2.7	3.0	2.4
$100,000 and over	3,410	2,340	1,065	5.1	6.8	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,040	1,335	705	3.0	3.9	2.2
$125,000 and over	1,370	1,010	365	2.0	2.9	1.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	95,360	46,325	49,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,930	45,065	47,870	97.5	97.3	97.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,800	34,400	37,600	40,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,960	45,065	47,895	97.5	97.3	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	31,200	33,200	35,600	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,685	41,360	42,330	87.8	89.3	86.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	30,000	34,000	37,600	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,760	34,800	32,960	71.1	75.1	67.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,400	33,200	36,000	38,400	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,720	33,915	39,805	77.3	73.2	81.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,800	5,560	9,100	7,800	5,560	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,535	5,270	4,265	10.0	11.4	8.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,480	4,160	4,920	4,480	4,160	4,920
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	95,315	46,335	48,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,880	45,120	47,760	97.4	97.4	97.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,240	47,000	39,680	43,240	47,000	39,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,910	45,120	47,785	97.5	97.4	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,560	39,080	34,200	36,560	39,080	34,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,550	41,460	42,090	87.7	89.5	85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,880	44,440	35,320	39,880	44,440	35,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,635	34,830	32,805	71.0	75.2	67.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,840	43,680	37,800	40,840	43,680	37,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,640	33,915	39,725	77.3	73.2	81.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	8,170	10,270	9,300	8,170	10,270
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,595	5,285	4,310	10.1	11.4	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,320	5,205	7,690	6,320	5,205	7,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	95,315	46,335	48,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,180	16,770	15,410	33.8	36.2	31.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	54,000	47,600	50,400	54,000	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,050	59,850	51,850	56,050	59,850	51,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,400	13,050	13,350	27.7	28.2	27.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	25,600	22,600	23,800	25,600	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,280	32,560	28,080	30,280	32,560	28,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.0	87.0	78.4	83.0	87.0	78.4
Employment income (%)	68.8	71.8	65.4	68.8	71.8	65.4
Government transfers (%)	17.1	13.1	21.5	17.1	13.1	21.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	58,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	52,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	26,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	58,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,100	...	...	74,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,700	...	...	62,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	26,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,440	...	...	42,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,440	...	...	36,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,200	...	...	101,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,100	...	...	85,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	58,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	440	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	400	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	985	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,725	...	...	3.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,280	...	...	7.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,755	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,960	...	...	5.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,400	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,380	...	...	5.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,285	...	...	5.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,655	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,555	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,015	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,565	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,055	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,890	...	...	23.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,485	...	...	9.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,345	...	...	5.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,430	...	...	5.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,630	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	58,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	410	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,030	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,805	...	...	3.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,665	...	...	8.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,600	...	...	6.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,935	...	...	6.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,110	...	...	7.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,065	...	...	7.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,545	...	...	6.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,825	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,925	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,355	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,555	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,770	...	...	4.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,255	...	...	15.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,555	...	...	7.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,550	...	...	4.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,160	...	...	3.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,120	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	31,360	14,970	16,395	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	38,000	35,600	36,800	38,000	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,000	32,000	32,800	34,000	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,300	...	...	102,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,800	...	...	85,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,900	...	...	76,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,200	...	...	138,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...	113,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,800	...	...	70,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	31,320	14,890	16,425	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,400	43,080	39,840	41,400	43,080	39,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,640	36,560	34,800	35,640	36,560	34,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	110,945	54,270	56,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,350	9,390	8,960	16.5	17.3	15.8
0 to 5 years	6,280	3,265	3,010	5.7	6.0	5.3
18 to 64 years	68,955	34,430	34,525	62.2	63.4	60.9
65 years and over	23,645	10,450	13,195	21.3	19.3	23.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,410	7,030	8,380	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,105	1,095	1,015	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	765	395	380	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,080	4,100	3,980	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,225	1,835	3,390	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.9	13.0	14.8	13.9	13.0	14.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.6	11.3	11.5	11.6	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	12.2	12.0	12.5	12.2	12.0	12.5
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	11.9	11.5	11.7	11.9	11.5
65 years and over (%)	22.1	17.6	25.7	22.1	17.6	25.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	110,945	54,270	56,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,350	9,390	8,960	16.5	17.3	15.8
0 to 5 years	6,280	3,265	3,010	5.7	6.0	5.3
18 to 64 years	68,955	34,430	34,525	62.2	63.4	60.9
65 years and over	23,645	10,450	13,195	21.3	19.3	23.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,830	4,375	4,455	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,085	560	520	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	395	200	200	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,885	3,180	2,710	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,855	630	1,220	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.0	8.1	7.9	8.0	8.1	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	6.0	5.9	5.9	6.0	5.9
0 to 5 years (%)	6.3	6.1	6.6	6.3	6.1	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	9.2	7.9	8.5	9.2	7.9
65 years and over (%)	7.8	6.1	9.3	7.8	6.1	9.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	110,945	54,270	56,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	68,635	32,760	35,875	61.9	60.4	63.3
In bottom decile	13,450	6,310	7,140	12.1	11.6	12.6
In second decile	13,755	6,315	7,440	12.4	11.6	13.1
In third decile	14,075	6,715	7,355	12.7	12.4	13.0
In fourth decile	14,230	6,895	7,335	12.8	12.7	12.9
In fifth decile	13,130	6,520	6,610	11.8	12.0	11.7
In top half of the distribution	42,310	21,510	20,800	38.1	39.6	36.7
In sixth decile	12,240	6,185	6,050	11.0	11.4	10.7
In seventh decile	10,630	5,360	5,275	9.6	9.9	9.3
In eighth decile	9,105	4,635	4,470	8.2	8.5	7.9
In ninth decile	6,610	3,395	3,215	6.0	6.3	5.7
In top decile	3,720	1,935	1,790	3.4	3.6	3.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	110,950	...	...	110,950	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.426	...	...	0.426	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.252	...	...	0.252	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,895	54,580	57,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	335	185	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
French only	69,480	31,465	38,015	62.1	57.6	66.3
English and French	41,550	22,705	18,845	37.1	41.6	32.9
Neither English nor French	530	220	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,895	54,580	57,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,540	800	735	1.4	1.5	1.3
French	108,705	52,920	55,785	97.1	97.0	97.3
English and French	1,155	645	505	1.0	1.2	0.9
Neither English nor French	500	210	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,895	54,580	57,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,930	53,525	56,405	98.2	98.1	98.4
Official languages	104,040	50,560	53,480	93.0	92.6	93.3
English	1,185	615	570	1.1	1.1	1.0
French	102,855	49,950	52,910	91.9	91.5	92.3
Non-official languages	5,890	2,965	2,925	5.3	5.4	5.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,810	2,930	2,875	5.2	5.4	5.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,070	585	490	1.0	1.1	0.9
Berber languages	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	900	490	410	0.8	0.9	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	900	490	405	0.8	0.9	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	270	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	175	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,765	1,390	1,370	2.5	2.5	2.4
Albanian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	435	230	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,825	910	915	1.6	1.7	1.6
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,370	665	710	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,050	530	515	0.9	1.0	0.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	350	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,965	1,050	915	1.8	1.9	1.6
English and French	920	505	415	0.8	0.9	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	835	440	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,895	54,580	57,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	515	280	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
French	100,690	48,720	51,965	90.0	89.3	90.7
Non-official language	1,740	835	905	1.6	1.5	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,725	830	895	1.5	1.5	1.6
English and French	4,110	2,285	1,830	3.7	4.2	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	3,530	1,765	1,765	3.2	3.2	3.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,025	570	460	0.9	1.0	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,895	54,580	57,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,950	53,560	56,390	98.3	98.1	98.4
Official languages	106,790	52,035	54,755	95.4	95.3	95.5
English	975	515	465	0.9	0.9	0.8
French	105,815	51,515	54,295	94.6	94.4	94.7
Non-official languages	3,155	1,520	1,630	2.8	2.8	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,120	1,505	1,615	2.8	2.8	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	520	255	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	430	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	430	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,675	825	855	1.5	1.5	1.5
Albanian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	225	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,070	515	555	1.0	0.9	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	815	390	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	390	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,950	1,025	930	1.7	1.9	1.6
English and French	810	440	370	0.7	0.8	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	950	470	480	0.8	0.9	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,895	54,580	57,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	104,585	50,690	53,890	93.5	92.9	94.0
English	3,185	1,780	1,400	2.8	3.3	2.4
French	1,370	665	705	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-official language	1,850	945	900	1.7	1.7	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,820	935	890	1.6	1.7	1.6
English and French	160	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	460	250	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,020	54,320	56,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	110,420	54,080	56,345	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	41,700	22,735	18,965	37.6	41.9	33.4
French	110,075	53,905	56,170	99.1	99.2	99.1
Non-official languages	12,750	6,005	6,745	11.5	11.1	11.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,620	5,955	6,665	11.4	11.0	11.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,830	1,000	825	1.6	1.8	1.5
Berber languages	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mina	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,595	880	715	1.4	1.6	1.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,575	860	715	1.4	1.6	1.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	295	125	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	220	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	185	65	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Merina	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	530	235	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haitian Creole	360	125	225	0.3	0.2	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,620	3,510	4,110	6.9	6.5	7.2
Albanian	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	515	255	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	515	250	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	230	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	525	255	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	465	215	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	455	210	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	550	295	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	410	215	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	335	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,190	2,780	3,415	5.6	5.1	6.0
Catalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	415	220	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	585	320	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Romanian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	5,410	2,360	3,050	4.9	4.3	5.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,920	995	925	1.7	1.8	1.6
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	170	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	755	400	350	0.7	0.7	0.6
Wojenaka	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	500	275	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	145	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	145	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
African, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages	130	35	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	120	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	360	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	300	135	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,020	54,320	56,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,065	1,000	1,060	1.9	1.8	1.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,890	920	970	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,120	550	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
Métis	755	360	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	108,960	53,315	55,635	98.1	98.1	98.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,020	54,320	56,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	685	305	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	110,335	54,015	56,320	99.4	99.4	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	58,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,710	...	...	40.6	...	...
Renter	34,615	...	...	59.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	58,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,210	...	...	14.1	...	...
Not condominium	50,120	...	...	85.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	58,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	600	...	...	1.0	...	...
1 bedroom	14,400	...	...	24.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	22,465	...	...	38.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,410	...	...	24.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,450	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	58,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	30,805	...	...	52.8	...	...
5 rooms	9,925	...	...	17.0	...	...
6 rooms	5,120	...	...	8.8	...	...
7 rooms	4,255	...	...	7.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,220	...	...	14.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	58,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	57,900	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	425	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	58,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	57,120	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,205	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	58,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	16,620	...	...	28.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,215	...	...	29.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,855	...	...	13.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,815	...	...	10.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,305	...	...	4.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,780	...	...	4.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,005	...	...	5.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,735	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	58,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	54,800	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,525	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	58,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	36,300	...	...	62.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,225	...	...	36.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	805	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	58,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,385	...	...	4.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,685	...	...	16.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,630	...	...	16.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,485	...	...	14.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,155	...	...	19.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,760	...	...	16.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,525	...	...	9.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,700	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	58,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	47,750	...	...	82.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,385	...	...	17.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,695	...	...	16.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	58,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,265	...	...	24.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,670	...	...	16.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,015	...	...	1.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,735	...	...	4.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	655	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	44,060	...	...	75.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	57,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,400	...	...	7.7	...	...
Not in core need	53,040	...	...	92.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,710	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.0	...	...	64.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,131	...	...	1,131	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	280,000	...	...	280,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	292,400	...	...	292,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,615	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.3	...	...	11.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.3	...	...	23.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	770	...	...	770	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	832	...	...	832	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,020	54,320	56,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,560	725	840	1.4	1.3	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,530	710	825	1.4	1.3	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,280	590	695	1.2	1.1	1.2
Métis single ancestry	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,475	1,080	1,395	2.2	2.0	2.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,415	1,060	1,355	2.2	2.0	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,240	975	1,265	2.0	1.8	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	106,980	52,515	54,465	96.4	96.7	96.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,020	54,320	56,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	105,005	51,305	53,695	94.6	94.4	94.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,240	8,780	8,465	15.5	16.2	14.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	87,760	42,530	45,235	79.0	78.3	79.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,015	3,010	3,000	5.4	5.5	5.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,020	54,320	56,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	99,770	48,580	51,195	89.9	89.4	90.3
Immigrants⁸¹	9,285	4,665	4,620	8.4	8.6	8.1
Before 1980	470	250	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
1980 to 1990	475	265	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
1991 to 2000	890	405	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
2001 to 2010	2,525	1,360	1,165	2.3	2.5	2.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,925	2,380	2,540	4.4	4.4	4.5
2011 to 2015	2,155	1,110	1,045	1.9	2.0	1.8
2016 to 2021	2,770	1,270	1,500	2.5	2.3	2.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,965	1,075	890	1.8	2.0	1.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,285	4,665	4,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,130	545	585	12.2	11.7	12.7
5 to 14 years	1,670	795	870	18.0	17.0	18.8
15 to 24 years	1,315	650	665	14.2	13.9	14.4
25 to 44 years	4,630	2,375	2,255	49.9	50.9	48.8
45 years and over	545	300	245	5.9	6.4	5.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,285	4,665	4,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,695	785	910	18.3	16.8	19.7
Brazil	160	90	75	1.7	1.9	1.6
Colombia	480	225	255	5.2	4.8	5.5
El Salvador	75	35	40	0.8	0.8	0.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	310	95	215	3.3	2.0	4.7
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mexico	170	85	90	1.8	1.8	1.9
Peru	60	30	25	0.6	0.6	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	100	60	40	1.1	1.3	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	325	170	160	3.5	3.6	3.5
Europe	2,250	1,155	1,095	24.2	24.8	23.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	155	70	85	1.7	1.5	1.8
Croatia	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
France	1,380	695	685	14.9	14.9	14.8
Germany	50	15	35	0.5	0.3	0.8
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	50	40	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portugal	45	25	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romania	85	45	40	0.9	1.0	0.9
Russian Federation	25	20	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	45	10	0.6	1.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Europe	300	155	145	3.2	3.3	3.1
Africa	4,290	2,235	2,055	46.2	47.9	44.5
Algeria	235	140	100	2.5	3.0	2.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	490	250	240	5.3	5.4	5.2
Egypt	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	450	245	205	4.8	5.3	4.4
Nigeria	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	3,065	1,590	1,475	33.0	34.1	31.9
Asia	1,040	485	555	11.2	10.4	12.0
Afghanistan	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	35	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iraq	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Lebanon	40	15	15	0.4	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	125	50	75	1.3	1.1	1.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	135	65	70	1.5	1.4	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	15	30	0.5	0.3	0.6
Viet Nam	140	70	70	1.5	1.5	1.5
Bangladesh	30	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	435	200	245	4.7	4.3	5.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,770	1,270	1,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	270	130	140	9.7	10.2	9.3
Brazil	20	10	10	0.7	0.8	0.7
Colombia	35	20	15	1.3	1.6	1.0
Haiti	80	30	50	2.9	2.4	3.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	15	10	0.9	1.2	0.7
United States of America	20	20	0	0.7	1.6	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	75	30	45	2.7	2.4	3.0
Europe	385	160	225	13.9	12.6	15.0
France	295	130	160	10.6	10.2	10.7
Germany	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.5	1.2	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	65	15	50	2.3	1.2	3.3
Africa	1,870	890	985	67.5	70.1	65.7
Algeria	25	15	15	0.9	1.2	1.0
Burundi	45	25	20	1.6	2.0	1.3
Cameroon	365	165	205	13.2	13.0	13.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	210	90	120	7.6	7.1	8.0
Côte d'Ivoire	430	225	210	15.5	17.7	14.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	120	55	60	4.3	4.3	4.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	75	35	40	2.7	2.8	2.7
Other places of birth in Africa	565	270	295	20.4	21.3	19.7
Asia	245	90	150	8.8	7.1	10.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	10	10	0.7	0.8	0.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	120	50	70	4.3	3.9	4.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	25	1.3	0.8	1.7
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,020	54,315	56,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	11,875	5,995	5,880	10.7	11.0	10.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,990	2,995	2,995	5.4	5.5	5.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	93,150	45,330	47,820	83.9	83.5	84.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	8,815	4,415	4,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,980	2,245	1,735	45.2	50.8	39.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,010	1,355	655	22.8	30.7	14.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,970	895	1,075	22.3	20.3	24.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,135	830	1,305	24.2	18.8	29.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,645	1,310	1,335	30.0	29.7	30.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	60	30	30	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	8,815	4,415	4,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	225	150	80	2.6	3.4	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	600	305	300	6.8	6.9	6.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	230	95	135	2.6	2.2	3.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	500	335	165	5.7	7.6	3.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	25	35	0.7	0.6	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,200	3,505	3,695	81.7	79.4	83.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,020	54,320	56,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,650	5,300	5,350	9.6	9.8	9.4
South Asian	415	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese	345	120	230	0.3	0.2	0.4
Black	5,580	2,800	2,775	5.0	5.2	4.9
Filipino	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	1,335	740	600	1.2	1.4	1.1
Latin American	1,685	820	865	1.5	1.5	1.5
Southeast Asian	670	300	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
West Asian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	100,370	49,020	51,350	90.4	90.2	90.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,020	54,320	56,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	38,990	18,720	20,280	35.1	34.5	35.8
English	1,135	600	530	1.0	1.1	0.9
Irish	4,540	2,070	2,470	4.1	3.8	4.4
Scottish	1,695	860	835	1.5	1.6	1.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	28,130	14,135	13,995	25.3	26.0	24.7
German	1,180	590	590	1.1	1.1	1.0
Chinese	405	145	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italian	1,250	615	630	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indian (India)	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	265	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Québécois	15,425	7,580	7,845	13.9	14.0	13.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	10,740	5,265	5,475	9.7	9.7	9.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,825	1,375	1,455	2.5	2.5	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,635	660	980	1.5	1.2	1.7
Métis	460	210	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,395	730	670	1.3	1.3	1.2
Russian	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Welsh	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	405	230	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
American	515	245	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	605	290	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Acadian	1,305	590	720	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,025	535	485	0.9	1.0	0.9
Jewish	70	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	355	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	585	305	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Greek	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lebanese	90	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	820	395	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Danish	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	455	195	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	545	255	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	520	210	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	400	185	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	185	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	635	295	345	0.6	0.5	0.6
Moroccan	540	310	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	300	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	725	365	365	0.7	0.7	0.6
Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber	165	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	135	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	380	210	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	405	165	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	425	210	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guatemalan	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	170	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nepali	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	135	95	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Norman	325	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	510	265	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	320	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamileke	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	320	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,020	54,320	56,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	350	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	72,560	34,055	38,505	65.4	62.7	67.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,510	3,360	3,150	5.9	6.2	5.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	63,845	29,710	34,135	57.5	54.7	60.2
Christian Orthodox	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	290	125	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	335	145	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Presbyterian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	860	380	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hindu	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	2,890	1,490	1,400	2.6	2.7	2.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	405	190	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	34,620	18,310	16,315	31.2	33.7	28.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,065	53,825	56,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	93,905	45,975	47,935	85.3	85.4	85.2
Movers	16,160	7,850	8,310	14.7	14.6	14.8
Non-migrants	12,985	6,330	6,650	11.8	11.8	11.8
Migrants	3,175	1,520	1,655	2.9	2.8	2.9
Internal migrants	2,545	1,245	1,300	2.3	2.3	2.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,335	1,125	1,210	2.1	2.1	2.2
Interprovincial migrants	210	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	630	270	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,810	51,610	54,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	59,530	29,105	30,430	56.3	56.4	56.1
Movers	46,275	22,505	23,770	43.7	43.6	43.9
Non-migrants	30,745	15,120	15,620	29.1	29.3	28.8
Migrants	15,535	7,385	8,150	14.7	14.3	15.0
Internal migrants	12,120	5,740	6,380	11.5	11.1	11.8
Intraprovincial migrants	11,435	5,375	6,060	10.8	10.4	11.2
Interprovincial migrants	685	360	325	0.6	0.7	0.6
External migrants	3,420	1,650	1,770	3.2	3.2	3.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,310	46,340	48,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,740	9,115	8,620	18.6	19.7	17.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,575	37,220	40,355	81.4	80.3	82.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,875	30,470	30,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,440	4,395	3,040	12.2	14.4	10.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,440	26,075	27,365	87.8	85.6	90.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,310	46,335	48,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,610	7,680	7,930	16.4	16.6	16.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,115	9,680	11,440	22.2	20.9	23.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,580	28,975	29,605	61.5	62.5	60.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,955	19,435	18,520	39.8	41.9	37.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,370	9,305	6,065	16.1	20.1	12.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,305	6,010	5,290	11.9	13.0	10.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,070	3,295	775	4.3	7.1	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,140	8,790	10,350	20.1	19.0	21.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,440	1,335	2,105	3.6	2.9	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,630	9,540	11,090	21.6	20.6	22.6
Bachelor's degree	13,120	6,035	7,080	13.8	13.0	14.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,695	725	970	1.8	1.6	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	285	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	4,870	2,280	2,595	5.1	4.9	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	650	360	290	0.7	0.8	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,875	30,470	30,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,015	3,465	2,550	9.9	11.4	8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,980	5,140	4,835	16.4	16.9	15.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,885	21,865	23,015	73.7	71.8	75.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,945	14,305	13,635	45.9	46.9	44.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,625	6,970	4,660	19.1	22.9	15.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,650	4,560	4,090	14.2	15.0	13.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,975	2,410	570	4.9	7.9	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,955	6,385	7,570	22.9	21.0	24.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,365	955	1,410	3.9	3.1	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,940	7,560	9,375	27.8	24.8	30.8
Bachelor's degree	10,540	4,760	5,790	17.3	15.6	19.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,395	545	845	2.3	1.8	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	85	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	4,230	1,880	2,355	6.9	6.2	7.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	550	295	250	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	95,315	46,335	48,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,725	17,360	19,370	38.5	37.5	39.6
Education	4,335	1,175	3,160	4.5	2.5	6.5
13. Education	4,335	1,175	3,160	4.5	2.5	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,920	1,490	1,430	3.1	3.2	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	670	525	150	0.7	1.1	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	2,245	965	1,285	2.4	2.1	2.6
Humanities	3,535	1,515	2,020	3.7	3.3	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	560	145	415	0.6	0.3	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,690	770	920	1.8	1.7	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	95	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	285	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	630	195	435	0.7	0.4	0.9
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,220	2,155	4,070	6.5	4.7	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	985	375	605	1.0	0.8	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,180	135	1,045	1.2	0.3	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,065	355	705	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	280	85	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	785	170	615	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,895	1,010	885	2.0	2.2	1.8
Business, management and public administration	12,890	4,920	7,965	13.5	10.6	16.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,190	350	840	1.2	0.8	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,700	4,575	7,125	12.3	9.9	14.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,990	1,205	785	2.1	2.6	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	700	350	350	0.7	0.8	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	110	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	445	270	180	0.5	0.6	0.4
40. Physical sciences	565	410	160	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,025	2,245	780	3.2	4.8	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,640	2,065	570	2.8	4.5	1.2
25. Library science	220	60	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	75	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,455	9,525	935	11.0	20.6	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	500	260	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	1,390	1,200	190	1.5	2.6	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,125	1,885	245	2.2	4.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,830	2,705	125	3.0	5.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,185	2,115	75	2.3	4.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,410	1,360	50	1.5	2.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,340	770	570	1.4	1.7	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	780	390	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	565	380	185	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	7,440	1,580	5,860	7.8	3.4	12.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	375	235	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,940	1,285	5,655	7.3	2.8	11.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,390	2,385	2,000	4.6	5.1	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,545	890	1,660	2.7	1.9	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	785	555	230	0.8	1.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,045	935	115	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,875	30,470	30,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,995	8,600	7,390	26.3	28.2	24.3
Education	2,990	725	2,270	4.9	2.4	7.5
13. Education	2,990	725	2,270	4.9	2.4	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,380	1,230	1,145	3.9	4.0	3.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	490	385	105	0.8	1.3	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,890	845	1,045	3.1	2.8	3.4
Humanities	2,515	1,065	1,450	4.1	3.5	4.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	460	125	335	0.8	0.4	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	50	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,095	505	585	1.8	1.7	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	75	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	230	140	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	505	140	370	0.8	0.5	1.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,995	1,660	3,335	8.2	5.4	11.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	780	305	480	1.3	1.0	1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	980	110	870	1.6	0.4	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	820	255	565	1.3	0.8	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	230	80	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
42. Psychology	655	125	525	1.1	0.4	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,490	765	725	2.4	2.5	2.4
Business, management and public administration	10,020	3,705	6,315	16.5	12.2	20.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	970	280	695	1.6	0.9	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,050	3,430	5,620	14.9	11.3	18.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,425	840	585	2.3	2.8	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	600	290	310	1.0	1.0	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	80	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	170	110	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
40. Physical sciences	465	320	145	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,645	1,980	670	4.3	6.5	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,350	1,850	495	3.9	6.1	1.6
25. Library science	170	45	125	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,775	6,990	780	12.8	22.9	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	440	225	215	0.7	0.7	0.7
14. Engineering	1,190	1,025	165	2.0	3.4	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,520	1,335	185	2.5	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,095	1,990	105	3.4	6.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,520	1,460	55	2.5	4.8	0.2
48. Precision production	995	950	40	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,050	550	490	1.7	1.8	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	610	280	330	1.0	0.9	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	435	270	165	0.7	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	5,635	1,265	4,370	9.3	4.2	14.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	185	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,240	1,050	4,195	8.6	3.4	13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,415	1,835	1,570	5.6	6.0	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,995	700	1,295	3.3	2.3	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	570	385	185	0.9	1.3	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	835	740	90	1.4	2.4	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,875	30,470	30,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,995	8,600	7,390	26.3	28.2	24.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	44,885	21,865	23,015	73.7	71.8	75.7
Location of study inside Canada	41,425	20,020	21,405	68.0	65.7	70.4
Same as province or territory of residence	40,840	19,730	21,105	67.1	64.8	69.4
Different than province or territory of residence	590	295	295	1.0	1.0	1.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,455	1,840	1,615	5.7	6.0	5.3
Americas	700	345	355	1.1	1.1	1.2
United States of America	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	180	100	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,470	795	675	2.4	2.6	2.2
Belgium	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	1,130	630	505	1.9	2.1	1.7
Germany	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	1,070	600	470	1.8	2.0	1.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	180	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tunisia	120	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Egypt	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	675	385	285	1.1	1.3	0.9
Asia	205	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	95,315	46,335	48,975	...	...	...
In the labour force	60,665	31,010	29,650	...	...	...
Employed	55,970	28,500	27,475	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,690	2,510	2,180	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,650	15,330	19,320	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.6	66.9	60.5	63.6	66.9	60.5
Employment rate	58.7	61.5	56.1	58.7	61.5	56.1
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.1	7.4	7.7	8.1	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	95,315	46,335	48,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,670	14,870	18,800	35.3	32.1	38.4
Worked	61,645	31,470	30,170	64.7	67.9	61.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,915	17,200	15,720	34.5	37.1	32.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,725	14,270	14,455	30.1	30.8	29.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.1	41.7	41.9	42.1	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	60,660	31,010	29,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,010	475	530	1.7	1.5	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,655	30,530	29,125	98.3	98.5	98.2
Employee	54,620	27,530	27,100	90.0	88.8	91.4
Permanent position	45,175	22,890	22,285	74.5	73.8	75.1
Temporary position	9,445	4,640	4,810	15.6	15.0	16.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,575	1,560	2,020	5.9	5.0	6.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,870	3,080	2,790	9.7	9.9	9.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,035	3,005	2,025	8.3	9.7	6.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	60,660	31,010	29,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,010	475	530	1.7	1.5	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,655	30,530	29,125	98.3	98.5	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	720	480	235	1.2	1.5	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,440	3,835	7,605	18.9	12.4	25.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,715	4,350	1,365	9.4	14.0	4.6
3 Health occupations	5,995	1,420	4,575	9.9	4.6	15.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,875	2,360	5,520	13.0	7.6	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,270	1,170	1,105	3.7	3.8	3.7
6 Sales and service occupations	15,625	8,100	7,530	25.8	26.1	25.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,860	7,245	620	13.0	23.4	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	480	395	95	0.8	1.3	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,670	1,190	480	2.8	3.8	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	60,660	31,010	29,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,010	475	530	1.7	1.5	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	59,655	30,530	29,125	98.3	98.5	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	285	165	120	0.5	0.5	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	70	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	240	190	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
23 Construction	3,150	2,775	370	5.2	8.9	1.2
31-33 Manufacturing	3,605	2,665	945	5.9	8.6	3.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,420	1,075	350	2.3	3.5	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	7,020	3,630	3,390	11.6	11.7	11.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,260	1,850	405	3.7	6.0	1.4
51 Information and cultural industries	1,165	775	390	1.9	2.5	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	2,350	1,030	1,315	3.9	3.3	4.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	710	430	280	1.2	1.4	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,510	2,745	1,770	7.4	8.9	6.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,920	1,835	1,085	4.8	5.9	3.7
61 Educational services	4,155	1,325	2,825	6.8	4.3	9.5
62 Health care and social assistance	10,665	2,770	7,895	17.6	8.9	26.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,165	610	555	1.9	2.0	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	4,000	2,030	1,975	6.6	6.5	6.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,695	1,275	1,415	4.4	4.1	4.8
91 Public administration	7,210	3,275	3,935	11.9	10.6	13.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,260	33,390	31,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	585	340	250	0.9	1.0	0.8
French	55,470	27,705	27,760	85.0	83.0	87.1
Non-official language	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	8,595	5,060	3,540	13.2	15.2	11.1
English and non-official language(s)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	225	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	280	120	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,260	33,390	31,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,160	32,725	31,430	98.3	98.0	98.6
Official languages	64,015	32,645	31,370	98.1	97.8	98.4
English	1,470	840	630	2.3	2.5	2.0
French	62,540	31,805	30,740	95.8	95.3	96.5
Non-official languages	150	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,100	660	440	1.7	2.0	1.4
English and French	1,010	630	385	1.5	1.9	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,260	33,390	31,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	57,155	28,725	28,435	87.6	86.0	89.2
English	6,810	3,965	2,845	10.4	11.9	8.9
French	910	520	385	1.4	1.6	1.2
Non-official language	190	80	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	190	80	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	55,970	28,495	27,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,100	6,220	6,880	23.4	21.8	25.0
Worked outside Canada	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
No fixed workplace address	5,570	4,080	1,495	10.0	14.3	5.4
Usual place of work	37,210	18,145	19,055	66.5	63.7	69.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,210	18,150	19,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,795	16,065	17,735	90.8	88.5	93.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	875	550	330	2.4	3.0	1.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,475	1,490	980	6.7	8.2	5.1
Commute to a different province or territory	60	45	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,780	22,225	20,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	32,350	17,425	14,925	75.6	78.4	72.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,235	16,655	13,575	70.7	74.9	66.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,115	770	1,350	4.9	3.5	6.6
Public transit	5,630	2,380	3,255	13.2	10.7	15.8
Walked	3,300	1,495	1,805	7.7	6.7	8.8
Bicycle	735	490	245	1.7	2.2	1.2
Other method	765	435	330	1.8	2.0	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,780	22,225	20,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,350	6,845	7,510	33.5	30.8	36.5
15 to 29 minutes	19,555	10,625	8,925	45.7	47.8	43.4
30 to 44 minutes	5,880	3,220	2,660	13.7	14.5	12.9
45 to 59 minutes	1,725	820	905	4.0	3.7	4.4
60 minutes and over	1,265	720	550	3.0	3.2	2.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,780	22,225	20,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,270	1,605	665	5.3	7.2	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,455	4,770	2,685	17.4	21.5	13.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,875	6,535	7,335	32.4	29.4	35.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,470	3,710	4,760	19.8	16.7	23.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,660	1,730	1,935	8.6	7.8	9.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,055	3,880	3,175	16.5	17.5	15.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,680	9,545	9,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,340	645	700	7.2	6.8	7.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,340	8,905	8,435	92.8	93.3	92.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,095	6,630	6,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	970	465	510	7.4	7.0	7.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	680	310	370	5.2	4.7	5.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	300	155	140	2.3	2.3	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,115	6,165	5,955	92.5	93.0	92.2

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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