Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Beauport--LimoilouMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	96,064	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	96,029	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	53,234	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	50,294	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,880.7	...	...	2,880.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	33.35	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	96,060	46,475	49,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,920	6,585	6,335	13.4	14.2	12.8
0 to 4 years	4,400	2,285	2,115	4.6	4.9	4.3
5 to 9 years	4,475	2,260	2,215	4.7	4.9	4.5
10 to 14 years	4,050	2,040	2,010	4.2	4.4	4.1
15 to 64 years	61,140	30,700	30,435	63.6	66.1	61.4
15 to 19 years	3,885	2,000	1,890	4.0	4.3	3.8
20 to 24 years	5,325	2,605	2,720	5.5	5.6	5.5
25 to 29 years	7,515	3,780	3,735	7.8	8.1	7.5
30 to 34 years	7,215	3,605	3,605	7.5	7.8	7.3
35 to 39 years	6,765	3,565	3,200	7.0	7.7	6.5
40 to 44 years	6,230	3,205	3,030	6.5	6.9	6.1
45 to 49 years	5,175	2,610	2,565	5.4	5.6	5.2
50 to 54 years	5,225	2,590	2,630	5.4	5.6	5.3
55 to 59 years	6,775	3,285	3,485	7.1	7.1	7.0
60 to 64 years	7,035	3,455	3,580	7.3	7.4	7.2
65 years and over	22,005	9,185	12,820	22.9	19.8	25.9
65 to 69 years	6,390	2,990	3,395	6.7	6.4	6.8
70 to 74 years	5,660	2,505	3,155	5.9	5.4	6.4
75 to 79 years	4,365	1,835	2,535	4.5	3.9	5.1
80 to 84 years	2,770	1,065	1,710	2.9	2.3	3.4
85 years and over	2,820	800	2,020	2.9	1.7	4.1
85 to 89 years	1,630	490	1,140	1.7	1.1	2.3
90 to 94 years	895	240	650	0.9	0.5	1.3
95 to 99 years	255	55	200	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	40	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.4	14.2	12.8	13.4	14.2	12.8
15 to 64 years	63.6	66.1	61.4	63.6	66.1	61.4
65 years and over	22.9	19.8	25.9	22.9	19.8	25.9
85 years and over	2.9	1.7	4.1	2.9	1.7	4.1
Average age of the population	44.3	42.6	45.8	44.3	42.6	45.8
Median age of the population	43.6	41.6	45.6	43.6	41.6	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	50,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	10,170	...	...	20.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,115	...	...	2.2	...	...
Row house	480	...	...	1.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,965	...	...	9.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	30,785	...	...	61.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,560	...	...	5.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	50,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	24,165	...	...	48.1	...	...
2 persons	16,380	...	...	32.6	...	...
3 persons	4,695	...	...	9.3	...	...
4 persons	3,420	...	...	6.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,635	...	...	3.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	93,640	45,720	47,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	83,145	39,890	43,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	40,010	20,055	19,955	48.1	50.3	46.1
Married	19,160	9,600	9,565	23.0	24.1	22.1
Living common-law	20,845	10,455	10,395	25.1	26.2	24.0
Living common law - Never married	17,620	8,790	8,830	21.2	22.0	20.4
Living common law - Separated	180	100	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	2,705	1,430	1,275	3.3	3.6	2.9
Living common law - Widowed	340	135	205	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	43,135	19,840	23,300	51.9	49.7	53.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	30,540	15,785	14,760	36.7	39.6	34.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,180	535	645	1.4	1.3	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,820	2,465	4,355	8.2	6.2	10.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,590	1,050	3,540	5.5	2.6	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,010	...	...	62.5	...	...
3 persons	4,305	...	...	17.9	...	...
4 persons	3,240	...	...	13.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,465	...	...	6.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,645	...	...	81.8	...	...
Married couples	9,230	...	...	38.4	...	...
With children⁶	3,310	...	...	13.8	...	...
Without children	5,920	...	...	24.7	...	...
Common-law couples	10,420	...	...	43.4	...	...
With children⁶	4,110	...	...	17.1	...	...
Without children	6,310	...	...	26.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,370	...	...	18.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,290	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,080	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	93,640	45,715	47,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	63,810	31,455	32,355	68.1	68.8	67.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	39,300	19,690	19,605	42.0	43.1	40.9
Parents in one-parent families	4,370	1,085	3,290	4.7	2.4	6.9
Children⁶	20,140	10,680	9,455	21.5	23.4	19.7
In a two-parent family	13,735	7,185	6,545	14.7	15.7	13.7
In a one-parent family	6,410	3,495	2,915	6.8	7.6	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,835	14,260	15,570	31.9	31.2	32.5
Living alone	24,165	11,065	13,095	25.8	24.2	27.3
Living with other relatives⁷	1,580	780	795	1.7	1.7	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	4,090	2,410	1,675	4.4	5.3	3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	50,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,080	...	...	45.9	...	...
Couple-family households	19,040	...	...	37.9	...	...
With children⁶	7,185	...	...	14.3	...	...
Without children	11,855	...	...	23.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,045	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	220	...	...	0.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	555	...	...	1.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,230	...	...	4.4	...	...
One-person households	24,165	...	...	48.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	80,740	39,140	41,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,525	38,525	41,000	98.5	98.4	98.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	42,400	37,200	39,600	42,400	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,550	38,540	41,010	98.5	98.5	98.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	37,200	33,600	35,200	37,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,145	35,020	36,120	88.1	89.5	86.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,400	28,400	32,400	36,400	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,410	29,025	27,385	69.9	74.2	65.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	37,600	33,600	35,600	37,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,210	31,870	36,345	84.5	81.4	87.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700	10,400	12,600	11,700	10,400	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,250	5,500	4,750	12.7	14.1	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,555	12,095	10,460	27.9	30.9	25.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	80,825	39,260	41,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,675	38,750	40,925	98.6	98.7	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560	48,720	42,600	45,560	48,720	42,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,700	38,765	40,935	98.6	98.7	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,640	40,640	36,760	38,640	40,640	36,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,265	35,300	35,965	88.2	89.9	86.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,120	43,120	35,120	39,120	43,120	35,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,445	29,270	27,185	69.8	74.6	65.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,880	43,000	38,600	40,880	43,000	38,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,375	31,985	36,390	84.6	81.5	87.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,350	11,400	13,200	12,350	11,400	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,395	5,520	4,870	12.9	14.1	11.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,880	6,035	7,850	6,880	6,035	7,850
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,720	12,215	10,505	28.1	31.1	25.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,190	8,080	8,320	8,190	8,080	8,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	80,825	39,260	41,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,960	14,085	12,875	33.4	35.9	31.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	57,200	50,800	54,000	57,200	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,850	62,950	56,450	59,850	62,950	56,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,425	11,640	11,785	29.0	29.6	28.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	20,000	18,000	19,000	20,000	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,080	27,720	24,460	26,080	27,720	24,460
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.8	80.6	72.4	76.8	80.6	72.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.5	66.6	60.2	63.5	66.6	60.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.2	19.3	27.6	23.2	19.3	27.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.0	1.8	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	5.9	6.1	6.0	5.9	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	5.2	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	80,745	39,140	41,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,220	615	605	1.5	1.6	1.5
With total income	79,520	38,520	40,995	98.5	98.4	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,095	1,970	2,125	5.1	5.1	5.2
$10,000 to $19,999	9,125	3,880	5,250	11.5	10.1	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	14,310	6,200	8,110	18.0	16.1	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	12,560	5,770	6,795	15.8	15.0	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	11,560	5,550	6,015	14.5	14.4	14.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,895	4,400	4,495	11.2	11.4	11.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,125	3,275	2,855	7.7	8.5	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,025	2,285	1,740	5.1	5.9	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,100	1,700	1,405	3.9	4.4	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,970	1,055	915	2.5	2.7	2.2
$100,000 and over	3,750	2,445	1,305	4.7	6.3	3.2
$100,000 to $149,999	2,990	1,890	1,105	3.8	4.9	2.7
$150,000 and over	760	560	200	1.0	1.5	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	80,745	39,140	41,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,195	600	595	1.5	1.5	1.4
With after-tax income	79,545	38,540	41,005	98.5	98.5	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,420	2,050	2,370	5.6	5.3	5.8
$10,000 to $19,999	9,615	4,145	5,475	12.1	10.8	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	17,205	7,545	9,660	21.6	19.6	23.6
$30,000 to $39,999	15,940	7,650	8,290	20.0	19.8	20.2
$40,000 to $49,999	12,855	6,475	6,380	16.2	16.8	15.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,120	4,300	3,825	10.2	11.2	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,975	2,665	2,315	6.3	6.9	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,975	1,530	1,440	3.7	4.0	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,555	910	645	2.0	2.4	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	765	475	290	1.0	1.2	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,125	800	320	1.4	2.1	0.8
$100,000 to $124,999	675	470	205	0.8	1.2	0.5
$125,000 and over	445	330	115	0.6	0.9	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	80,745	39,140	41,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,330	10,115	14,210	30.1	25.8	34.2
With employment income	56,410	29,020	27,390	69.9	74.1	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,765	3,665	3,095	12.0	12.6	11.3
$5,000 to $9,999	4,460	2,075	2,385	7.9	7.2	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,135	3,305	3,830	12.6	11.4	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,355	3,035	3,320	11.3	10.5	12.1
$30,000 to $39,999	6,610	3,315	3,295	11.7	11.4	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,650	3,220	3,435	11.8	11.1	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,120	2,630	2,490	9.1	9.1	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,810	2,145	1,665	6.8	7.4	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,910	1,650	1,260	5.2	5.7	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,360	1,270	1,090	4.2	4.4	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,465	830	640	2.6	2.9	2.3
$100,000 and over	2,765	1,880	880	4.9	6.5	3.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,635	1,055	575	2.9	3.6	2.1
$125,000 and over	1,135	830	305	2.0	2.9	1.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	80,740	39,140	41,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,695	38,100	40,595	97.5	97.3	97.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	39,600	34,000	36,800	39,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,720	38,100	40,620	97.5	97.3	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	34,800	30,600	32,800	34,800	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,450	34,765	35,690	87.3	88.8	85.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,200	29,400	33,200	37,200	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,005	29,280	27,720	70.6	74.8	66.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	37,600	32,800	35,200	37,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,045	29,030	34,020	78.1	74.2	81.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,700	5,280	9,100	7,700	5,280	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,965	4,385	3,585	9.9	11.2	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,480	4,160	4,960	4,480	4,160	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	80,825	39,260	41,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,790	38,255	40,530	97.5	97.4	97.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,600	46,040	39,320	42,600	46,040	39,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,810	38,255	40,550	97.5	97.4	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,120	38,400	33,960	36,120	38,400	33,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,425	34,915	35,510	87.1	88.9	85.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,320	43,720	35,000	39,320	43,720	35,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,955	29,380	27,580	70.5	74.8	66.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,360	42,960	37,600	40,360	42,960	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,140	29,090	34,045	78.1	74.1	81.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,270	8,070	10,290	9,270	8,070	10,290
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,055	4,445	3,615	10.0	11.3	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,300	5,130	7,730	6,300	5,130	7,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	80,825	39,260	41,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,880	14,030	12,850	33.3	35.7	30.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	53,200	47,200	50,000	53,200	47,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,400	58,850	51,650	55,400	58,850	51,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,400	11,155	11,245	27.7	28.4	27.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	25,400	22,800	24,000	25,400	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,360	32,520	28,200	30,360	32,520	28,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.6	86.6	78.0	82.6	86.6	78.0
Employment income (%)	68.6	71.6	65.0	68.6	71.6	65.0
Government transfers (%)	17.4	13.3	22.0	17.4	13.3	22.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	50,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	50,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	24,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	50,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,200	...	...	72,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	24,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,120	...	...	42,120	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,240	...	...	36,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,200	...	...	84,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	50,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	395	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	375	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	920	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,565	...	...	3.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,885	...	...	7.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,495	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,675	...	...	5.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,055	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,010	...	...	6.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,885	...	...	5.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,950	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,950	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,400	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,000	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,545	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,195	...	...	22.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,475	...	...	8.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,710	...	...	5.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,695	...	...	5.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,315	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	50,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	430	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	390	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	955	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,640	...	...	3.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,230	...	...	8.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,265	...	...	6.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,550	...	...	7.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,660	...	...	7.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,595	...	...	7.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,095	...	...	6.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,085	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,160	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,645	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,900	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,270	...	...	4.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,425	...	...	14.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,685	...	...	7.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,015	...	...	4.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,730	...	...	3.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	28,260	13,480	14,780	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	37,600	35,200	36,400	37,600	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	33,600	31,800	32,800	33,600	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,400	...	...	90,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,300	...	...	76,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,800	...	...	137,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,900	...	...	113,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,900	...	...	69,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,300	...	...	61,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	28,235	13,495	14,740	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,040	42,760	39,520	41,040	42,760	39,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,400	36,320	34,560	35,400	36,320	34,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	93,645	45,715	47,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,095	7,705	7,395	16.1	16.9	15.4
0 to 5 years	5,290	2,750	2,540	5.6	6.0	5.3
18 to 64 years	58,440	29,250	29,195	62.4	64.0	60.9
65 years and over	20,105	8,765	11,340	21.5	19.2	23.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,945	6,350	7,595	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,895	970	925	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	710	360	355	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,390	3,750	3,640	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,665	1,635	3,030	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.9	13.9	15.8	14.9	13.9	15.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.5	12.6	12.5	12.5	12.6	12.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.4	13.1	13.9	13.4	13.1	13.9
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6	12.8	12.5	12.6	12.8	12.5
65 years and over (%)	23.2	18.7	26.7	23.2	18.7	26.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	93,640	45,715	47,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,100	7,705	7,395	16.1	16.9	15.4
0 to 5 years	5,295	2,750	2,545	5.7	6.0	5.3
18 to 64 years	58,440	29,250	29,190	62.4	64.0	60.9
65 years and over	20,100	8,765	11,340	21.5	19.2	23.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,120	4,020	4,095	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,005	515	490	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	385	195	190	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,440	2,935	2,510	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,670	575	1,100	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.7	8.8	8.6	8.7	8.8	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.7	6.7	6.6
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	7.0	7.5	7.2	7.0	7.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	10.0	8.6	9.3	10.0	8.6
65 years and over (%)	8.3	6.6	9.7	8.3	6.6	9.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	93,645	45,715	47,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,510	28,365	31,150	63.5	62.0	65.0
In bottom decile	12,285	5,770	6,515	13.1	12.6	13.6
In second decile	12,090	5,540	6,550	12.9	12.1	13.7
In third decile	12,150	5,800	6,350	13.0	12.7	13.2
In fourth decile	12,075	5,865	6,210	12.9	12.8	13.0
In fifth decile	10,915	5,395	5,520	11.7	11.8	11.5
In top half of the distribution	34,130	17,350	16,780	36.4	38.0	35.0
In sixth decile	10,005	5,040	4,965	10.7	11.0	10.4
In seventh decile	8,475	4,270	4,205	9.1	9.3	8.8
In eighth decile	7,300	3,725	3,575	7.8	8.1	7.5
In ninth decile	5,315	2,745	2,570	5.7	6.0	5.4
In top decile	3,035	1,570	1,470	3.2	3.4	3.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	93,640	...	...	93,640	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.294	...	...	0.294	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.435	...	...	0.435	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	...	...	0.256	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	94,465	46,000	48,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	305	165	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
French only	57,815	26,070	31,740	61.2	56.7	65.5
English and French	35,855	19,560	16,295	38.0	42.5	33.6
Neither English nor French	495	200	290	0.5	0.4	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	94,465	46,000	48,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,360	700	660	1.4	1.5	1.4
French	91,585	44,505	47,080	97.0	96.8	97.1
English and French	1,060	600	455	1.1	1.3	0.9
Neither English nor French	465	190	275	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	94,465	46,000	48,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	92,710	45,055	47,655	98.1	97.9	98.3
Official languages	87,310	42,350	44,965	92.4	92.1	92.8
English	1,030	525	505	1.1	1.1	1.0
French	86,280	41,820	44,460	91.3	90.9	91.7
Non-official languages	5,400	2,710	2,695	5.7	5.9	5.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,320	2,675	2,645	5.6	5.8	5.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	975	520	450	1.0	1.1	0.9
Berber languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	820	440	375	0.9	1.0	0.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	810	440	370	0.9	1.0	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	255	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,545	1,285	1,265	2.7	2.8	2.6
Albanian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	425	225	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	285	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	250	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,655	830	825	1.8	1.8	1.7
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	255	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,265	620	645	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	955	485	470	1.0	1.1	1.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	320	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,760	945	815	1.9	2.1	1.7
English and French	805	440	365	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	765	400	360	0.8	0.9	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	94,465	46,000	48,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	450	240	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
French	84,310	40,700	43,610	89.2	88.5	90.0
Non-official language	1,635	780	855	1.7	1.7	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,620	775	845	1.7	1.7	1.7
English and French	3,660	2,025	1,630	3.9	4.4	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	3,210	1,590	1,615	3.4	3.5	3.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	940	530	410	1.0	1.2	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	94,465	46,000	48,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	92,720	45,075	47,645	98.2	98.0	98.3
Official languages	89,780	43,660	46,125	95.0	94.9	95.2
English	860	450	410	0.9	1.0	0.8
French	88,920	43,210	45,710	94.1	93.9	94.3
Non-official languages	2,940	1,415	1,520	3.1	3.1	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,905	1,400	1,505	3.1	3.0	3.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	485	240	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	400	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	400	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	110	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,575	775	800	1.7	1.7	1.7
Albanian	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	360	185	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	250	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	225	115	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	980	470	505	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	755	365	395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	355	160	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,750	925	830	1.9	2.0	1.7
English and French	715	400	320	0.8	0.9	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	855	425	430	0.9	0.9	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	94,465	45,995	48,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	87,865	42,495	45,370	93.0	92.4	93.6
English	2,840	1,580	1,255	3.0	3.4	2.6
French	1,240	595	640	1.3	1.3	1.3
Non-official language	1,675	855	820	1.8	1.9	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,640	835	805	1.7	1.8	1.7
English and French	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	430	240	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	93,810	45,880	47,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	93,265	45,665	47,605	99.4	99.5	99.3
English	36,075	19,705	16,375	38.5	42.9	34.2
French	92,965	45,515	47,450	99.1	99.2	99.0
Non-official languages	11,500	5,440	6,060	12.3	11.9	12.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,380	5,390	5,990	12.1	11.7	12.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,625	885	735	1.7	1.9	1.5
Berber languages	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamazight	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mina	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,430	790	640	1.5	1.7	1.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,415	775	640	1.5	1.7	1.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	280	120	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	180	60	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	505	210	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haitian Creole	330	110	220	0.4	0.2	0.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,925	3,220	3,705	7.4	7.0	7.7
Albanian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	455	215	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	450	210	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	135	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	190	75	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	490	225	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	425	185	240	0.5	0.4	0.5
German	420	185	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	525	280	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	385	205	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	330	175	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,595	2,550	3,040	6.0	5.6	6.3
Catalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	385	200	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	560	315	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
Romanian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	4,890	2,165	2,720	5.2	4.7	5.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,675	870	800	1.8	1.9	1.7
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	150	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	200	115	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	635	330	295	0.7	0.7	0.6
Wojenaka	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	135	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	435	245	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	145	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	145	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
African, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	115	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	110	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	340	160	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	275	125	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	93,810	45,880	47,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,750	855	900	1.9	1.9	1.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,610	785	820	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	930	460	470	1.0	1.0	1.0
Métis	665	330	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	92,055	45,030	47,025	98.1	98.1	98.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	93,810	45,880	47,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	605	260	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	93,205	45,625	47,585	99.4	99.4	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	50,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	19,045	...	...	37.9	...	...
Renter	31,270	...	...	62.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	50,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,505	...	...	14.9	...	...
Not condominium	42,810	...	...	85.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	50,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	590	...	...	1.2	...	...
1 bedroom	13,490	...	...	26.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	19,715	...	...	39.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,575	...	...	23.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,935	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	50,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	28,175	...	...	56.0	...	...
5 rooms	8,475	...	...	16.8	...	...
6 rooms	4,215	...	...	8.4	...	...
7 rooms	3,255	...	...	6.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,200	...	...	12.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	50,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,925	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	385	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	50,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	49,215	...	...	97.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,095	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	50,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	14,715	...	...	29.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,065	...	...	29.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,865	...	...	11.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,710	...	...	9.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,035	...	...	4.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,500	...	...	5.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,840	...	...	5.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,590	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	50,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,145	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,170	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	50,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	31,965	...	...	63.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,630	...	...	35.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	720	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	50,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,215	...	...	4.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,685	...	...	17.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,360	...	...	16.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,165	...	...	14.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,180	...	...	18.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,290	...	...	16.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,870	...	...	9.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,560	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	50,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,695	...	...	81.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,430	...	...	18.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,785	...	...	17.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	50,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,930	...	...	25.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,785	...	...	17.5	...	...
Not suitable only	930	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,460	...	...	4.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	595	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,380	...	...	74.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	49,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,015	...	...	8.1	...	...
Not in core need	45,465	...	...	91.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,040	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.4	...	...	65.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.7	...	...	10.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,147	...	...	1,147	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	278,000	...	...	278,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	291,200	...	...	291,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,275	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.8	...	...	23.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.0	...	...	12.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	770	...	...	770	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	836	...	...	836	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	93,805	45,880	47,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,300	595	705	1.4	1.3	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,270	585	690	1.4	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,045	470	575	1.1	1.0	1.2
Métis single ancestry	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,105	910	1,195	2.2	2.0	2.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,070	895	1,175	2.2	2.0	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,930	840	1,095	2.1	1.8	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	90,400	44,375	46,025	96.4	96.7	96.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	93,805	45,880	47,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	88,205	43,075	45,130	94.0	93.9	94.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,045	7,150	6,890	15.0	15.6	14.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,160	35,920	38,240	79.1	78.3	79.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,600	2,805	2,795	6.0	6.1	5.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	93,805	45,880	47,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	83,575	40,660	42,920	89.1	88.6	89.6
Immigrants⁸¹	8,350	4,190	4,155	8.9	9.1	8.7
Before 1980	410	230	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
1980 to 1990	440	245	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
1991 to 2000	755	330	425	0.8	0.7	0.9
2001 to 2010	2,200	1,195	1,005	2.3	2.6	2.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,540	2,190	2,350	4.8	4.8	4.9
2011 to 2015	1,955	1,005	950	2.1	2.2	2.0
2016 to 2021	2,585	1,180	1,405	2.8	2.6	2.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,880	1,030	855	2.0	2.2	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,350	4,190	4,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,000	495	505	12.0	11.8	12.2
5 to 14 years	1,500	700	805	18.0	16.7	19.4
15 to 24 years	1,185	590	590	14.2	14.1	14.2
25 to 44 years	4,175	2,145	2,025	50.0	51.2	48.7
45 years and over	490	265	225	5.9	6.3	5.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,350	4,190	4,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,555	710	845	18.6	16.9	20.3
Brazil	145	80	65	1.7	1.9	1.6
Colombia	440	205	235	5.3	4.9	5.7
El Salvador	75	35	35	0.9	0.8	0.8
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	290	80	205	3.5	1.9	4.9
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mexico	160	80	85	1.9	1.9	2.0
Peru	50	30	15	0.6	0.7	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	90	50	40	1.1	1.2	1.0
Other places of birth in Americas	290	150	145	3.5	3.6	3.5
Europe	1,970	1,005	960	23.6	24.0	23.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	120	45	75	1.4	1.1	1.8
Croatia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
France	1,205	615	595	14.4	14.7	14.3
Germany	55	20	35	0.7	0.5	0.8
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Italy	40	40	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	20	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Portugal	45	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romania	70	35	35	0.8	0.8	0.8
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.4
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	40	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	280	140	140	3.4	3.3	3.4
Africa	3,830	2,010	1,820	45.9	48.0	43.8
Algeria	185	110	75	2.2	2.6	1.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	440	230	205	5.3	5.5	4.9
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	390	210	185	4.7	5.0	4.5
Nigeria	30	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	2,765	1,440	1,325	33.1	34.4	31.9
Asia	985	460	530	11.8	11.0	12.8
Afghanistan	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	40	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.4
Iraq	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	125	45	75	1.5	1.1	1.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	125	55	70	1.5	1.3	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	0	30	0.4	0.0	0.7
Viet Nam	140	70	70	1.7	1.7	1.7
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	425	195	230	5.1	4.7	5.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,585	1,185	1,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	260	120	135	10.1	10.1	9.6
Brazil	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.7
Colombia	35	25	10	1.4	2.1	0.7
Haiti	85	35	50	3.3	3.0	3.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	10	15	0.8	0.8	1.1
United States of America	20	20	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	70	25	45	2.7	2.1	3.2
Europe	370	150	220	14.3	12.7	15.7
France	285	125	160	11.0	10.5	11.4
Germany	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	65	10	55	2.5	0.8	3.9
Africa	1,705	815	890	66.0	68.8	63.6
Algeria	25	15	10	1.0	1.3	0.7
Burundi	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.1
Cameroon	325	155	175	12.6	13.1	12.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	185	80	105	7.2	6.8	7.5
Côte d'Ivoire	430	220	210	16.6	18.6	15.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	120	60	65	4.6	5.1	4.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	70	35	40	2.7	3.0	2.9
Other places of birth in Africa	490	230	260	19.0	19.4	18.6
Asia	245	95	150	9.5	8.0	10.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	125	45	75	4.8	3.8	5.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	10	20	1.0	0.8	1.4
Other places of birth in Asia	35	15	20	1.4	1.3	1.4
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	93,810	45,880	47,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,825	5,465	5,355	11.5	11.9	11.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,195	2,645	2,550	5.5	5.8	5.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	77,785	37,770	40,020	82.9	82.3	83.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,935	3,960	3,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,620	2,040	1,580	45.6	51.5	39.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,835	1,240	595	23.1	31.3	15.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,780	800	980	22.4	20.2	24.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,910	740	1,170	24.1	18.7	29.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,350	1,160	1,195	29.6	29.3	30.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	25	30	0.7	0.6	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,935	3,960	3,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	190	125	65	2.4	3.2	1.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	545	280	260	6.9	7.1	6.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	210	80	125	2.6	2.0	3.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	465	315	155	5.9	8.0	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	30	35	0.8	0.8	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,470	3,130	3,340	81.5	79.0	84.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	93,810	45,880	47,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,665	4,860	4,810	10.3	10.6	10.0
South Asian	400	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese	325	120	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Black	5,015	2,520	2,495	5.3	5.5	5.2
Filipino	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	1,200	665	535	1.3	1.4	1.1
Latin American	1,530	770	760	1.6	1.7	1.6
Southeast Asian	605	290	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
West Asian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	84,145	41,020	43,120	89.7	89.4	90.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	93,805	45,880	47,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	32,145	15,410	16,735	34.3	33.6	34.9
English	960	485	475	1.0	1.1	1.0
Irish	3,795	1,725	2,065	4.0	3.8	4.3
Scottish	1,460	735	725	1.6	1.6	1.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	24,045	12,050	11,995	25.6	26.3	25.0
German	1,065	535	525	1.1	1.2	1.1
Chinese	355	135	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
Italian	1,065	525	535	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indian (India)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	130	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dutch	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	255	105	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Québécois	13,085	6,480	6,610	13.9	14.1	13.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	8,955	4,395	4,560	9.5	9.6	9.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,485	1,215	1,265	2.6	2.6	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,370	540	835	1.5	1.2	1.7
Métis	385	170	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,135	595	535	1.2	1.3	1.1
Russian	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Welsh	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	395	215	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
American	390	185	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	555	270	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Acadian	1,180	540	640	1.3	1.2	1.3
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	965	510	450	1.0	1.1	0.9
Jewish	65	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	325	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	530	275	255	0.6	0.6	0.5
Greek	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lebanese	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	610	280	330	0.7	0.6	0.7
Danish	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	360	145	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	100	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belgian	480	235	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	455	185	270	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	390	180	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	160	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	180	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	565	270	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Moroccan	485	275	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
Czech	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	270	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	120	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	660	330	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nova Scotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	135	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	375	205	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	365	160	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	385	190	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guatemalan	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	150	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	150	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kabyle	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	120	85	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	325	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	255	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	140	75	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Norman	260	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	490	250	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	180	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bamileke	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	93,810	45,885	47,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	335	150	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Christian	60,125	28,095	32,030	64.1	61.2	66.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,230	2,735	2,495	5.6	6.0	5.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	195	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	52,990	24,510	28,480	56.5	53.4	59.4
Christian Orthodox	235	105	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	235	95	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	300	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Presbyterian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	775	350	415	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hindu	160	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	2,535	1,310	1,220	2.7	2.9	2.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	370	170	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	30,260	16,050	14,210	32.3	35.0	29.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	93,050	45,475	47,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	78,845	38,510	40,330	84.7	84.7	84.8
Movers	14,210	6,965	7,240	15.3	15.3	15.2
Non-migrants	11,360	5,575	5,780	12.2	12.3	12.2
Migrants	2,845	1,390	1,455	3.1	3.1	3.1
Internal migrants	2,245	1,135	1,115	2.4	2.5	2.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,060	1,025	1,035	2.2	2.3	2.2
Interprovincial migrants	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	600	260	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	89,475	43,605	45,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	48,610	23,725	24,885	54.3	54.4	54.3
Movers	40,865	19,875	20,990	45.7	45.6	45.8
Non-migrants	26,955	13,255	13,700	30.1	30.4	29.9
Migrants	13,910	6,620	7,285	15.5	15.2	15.9
Internal migrants	10,680	5,060	5,620	11.9	11.6	12.3
Intraprovincial migrants	10,060	4,730	5,330	11.2	10.8	11.6
Interprovincial migrants	620	330	290	0.7	0.8	0.6
External migrants	3,225	1,560	1,665	3.6	3.6	3.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	80,825	39,260	41,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,390	7,805	7,585	19.0	19.9	18.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,435	31,455	33,980	81.0	80.1	81.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,495	25,895	25,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,480	3,805	2,680	12.6	14.7	10.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	45,015	22,085	22,925	87.4	85.3	89.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	80,820	39,260	41,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,550	6,600	6,950	16.8	16.8	16.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,650	8,135	9,515	21.8	20.7	22.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,625	24,525	25,100	61.4	62.5	60.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,775	16,350	15,425	39.3	41.6	37.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,805	7,740	5,070	15.8	19.7	12.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,450	5,010	4,440	11.7	12.8	10.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,360	2,730	630	4.2	7.0	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,060	7,455	8,605	19.9	19.0	20.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,905	1,155	1,755	3.6	2.9	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,855	8,175	9,675	22.1	20.8	23.3
Bachelor's degree	11,185	5,100	6,085	13.8	13.0	14.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,465	625	835	1.8	1.6	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	255	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	4,350	2,005	2,345	5.4	5.1	5.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	600	330	275	0.7	0.8	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,500	25,890	25,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,250	3,020	2,225	10.2	11.7	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,200	4,295	3,910	15.9	16.6	15.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,055	18,580	19,470	73.9	71.8	76.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,235	11,980	11,255	45.1	46.3	44.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,625	5,785	3,840	18.7	22.3	15.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,145	3,775	3,370	13.9	14.6	13.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,480	2,010	470	4.8	7.8	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,625	5,380	6,240	22.6	20.8	24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,985	815	1,175	3.9	3.1	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,815	6,600	8,215	28.8	25.5	32.1
Bachelor's degree	9,055	4,080	4,975	17.6	15.8	19.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,225	490	730	2.4	1.9	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	200	80	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	3,820	1,675	2,145	7.4	6.5	8.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	515	275	240	1.0	1.1	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	80,825	39,260	41,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,200	14,735	16,460	38.6	37.5	39.6
Education	3,610	975	2,640	4.5	2.5	6.4
13. Education	3,610	975	2,640	4.5	2.5	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,605	1,350	1,255	3.2	3.4	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	580	465	120	0.7	1.2	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	2,020	885	1,135	2.5	2.3	2.7
Humanities	3,125	1,350	1,770	3.9	3.4	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	505	130	375	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	60	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,445	650	795	1.8	1.7	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	95	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	250	140	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	575	185	390	0.7	0.5	0.9
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,400	1,880	3,520	6.7	4.8	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	880	325	555	1.1	0.8	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	980	120	855	1.2	0.3	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	930	315	610	1.2	0.8	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	235	80	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	655	150	505	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,685	875	810	2.1	2.2	1.9
Business, management and public administration	10,660	4,095	6,565	13.2	10.4	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,030	310	720	1.3	0.8	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,630	3,790	5,850	11.9	9.7	14.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,670	995	675	2.1	2.5	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	600	290	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	95	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	350	215	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
40. Physical sciences	485	335	150	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,590	1,930	655	3.2	4.9	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,250	1,770	480	2.8	4.5	1.2
25. Library science	190	55	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	70	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,745	7,925	820	10.8	20.2	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	435	200	230	0.5	0.5	0.6
14. Engineering	1,220	1,040	180	1.5	2.6	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,770	1,555	215	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,330	2,235	95	2.9	5.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,810	1,750	60	2.2	4.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,175	1,130	35	1.5	2.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,195	660	535	1.5	1.7	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	685	320	365	0.8	0.8	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	510	340	170	0.6	0.9	0.4
Health and related fields	6,355	1,370	4,985	7.9	3.5	12.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	325	215	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,915	1,105	4,815	7.3	2.8	11.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,630	1,985	1,650	4.5	5.1	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,125	780	1,345	2.6	2.0	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	690	485	205	0.9	1.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	795	705	95	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,495	25,895	25,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,445	7,310	6,135	26.1	28.2	24.0
Education	2,475	600	1,880	4.8	2.3	7.3
13. Education	2,475	600	1,880	4.8	2.3	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,125	1,115	1,005	4.1	4.3	3.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	415	330	85	0.8	1.3	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,705	780	925	3.3	3.0	3.6
Humanities	2,240	945	1,285	4.3	3.6	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	420	120	305	0.8	0.5	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	910	420	485	1.8	1.6	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	75	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	205	115	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	480	135	345	0.9	0.5	1.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,350	1,460	2,890	8.4	5.6	11.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	720	265	450	1.4	1.0	1.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	795	100	695	1.5	0.4	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	720	225	485	1.4	0.9	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	200	60	130	0.4	0.2	0.5
42. Psychology	555	120	435	1.1	0.5	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,335	665	670	2.6	2.6	2.6
Business, management and public administration	8,280	3,095	5,185	16.1	12.0	20.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	860	255	610	1.7	1.0	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,420	2,845	4,580	14.4	11.0	17.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,220	695	525	2.4	2.7	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	515	240	275	1.0	0.9	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	135	90	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	405	265	135	0.8	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,260	1,695	565	4.4	6.5	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,995	1,570	425	3.9	6.1	1.7
25. Library science	150	45	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,530	5,845	685	12.7	22.6	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	385	190	200	0.7	0.7	0.8
14. Engineering	1,070	915	155	2.1	3.5	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,250	1,090	160	2.4	4.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,740	1,660	80	3.4	6.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,245	1,195	50	2.4	4.6	0.2
48. Precision production	820	790	25	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	945	480	460	1.8	1.9	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	540	235	305	1.0	0.9	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	400	240	160	0.8	0.9	0.6
Health and related fields	4,785	1,115	3,670	9.3	4.3	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	250	170	80	0.5	0.7	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,435	915	3,525	8.6	3.5	13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,815	1,535	1,280	5.5	5.9	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,670	625	1,040	3.2	2.4	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	490	330	165	1.0	1.3	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	645	570	75	1.3	2.2	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	51,495	25,895	25,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,445	7,310	6,135	26.1	28.2	24.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,055	18,580	19,475	73.9	71.8	76.1
Location of study inside Canada	34,890	16,880	18,010	67.8	65.2	70.3
Same as province or territory of residence	34,350	16,610	17,740	66.7	64.1	69.3
Different than province or territory of residence	540	270	270	1.0	1.0	1.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,160	1,700	1,460	6.1	6.6	5.7
Americas	630	310	325	1.2	1.2	1.3
United States of America	45	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	165	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Peru	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	75	40	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Europe	1,350	735	620	2.6	2.8	2.4
Belgium	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	1,055	585	470	2.0	2.3	1.8
Germany	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	980	560	420	1.9	2.2	1.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tunisia	110	70	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egypt	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	615	360	250	1.2	1.4	1.0
Asia	195	100	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	80,820	39,260	41,560	...	...	...
In the labour force	51,330	26,325	25,005	...	...	...
Employed	47,225	24,120	23,105	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,105	2,205	1,900	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,490	12,935	16,555	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.5	67.1	60.2	63.5	67.1	60.2
Employment rate	58.4	61.4	55.6	58.4	61.4	55.6
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.4	7.6	8.0	8.4	7.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	80,825	39,260	41,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,935	12,690	16,250	35.8	32.3	39.1
Worked	51,885	26,570	25,315	64.2	67.7	60.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,490	14,375	13,115	34.0	36.6	31.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,400	12,195	12,200	30.2	31.1	29.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	41.9	41.5	41.7	41.9	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,330	26,325	25,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	860	415	440	1.7	1.6	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,465	25,910	24,560	98.3	98.4	98.2
Employee	46,225	23,390	22,835	90.1	88.9	91.3
Permanent position	38,075	19,335	18,735	74.2	73.4	74.9
Temporary position	8,150	4,055	4,095	15.9	15.4	16.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,135	1,385	1,750	6.1	5.3	7.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,015	2,670	2,340	9.8	10.1	9.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,240	2,520	1,725	8.3	9.6	6.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,330	26,325	25,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	860	415	440	1.7	1.6	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,465	25,910	24,560	98.3	98.4	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	590	395	200	1.1	1.5	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,615	3,215	6,400	18.7	12.2	25.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,900	3,695	1,200	9.5	14.0	4.8
3 Health occupations	5,075	1,250	3,820	9.9	4.7	15.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,685	2,025	4,655	13.0	7.7	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,060	1,060	1,000	4.0	4.0	4.0
6 Sales and service occupations	13,305	7,015	6,295	25.9	26.6	25.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,495	5,985	510	12.7	22.7	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	410	325	90	0.8	1.2	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,330	935	395	2.6	3.6	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,330	26,325	25,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	860	415	440	1.7	1.6	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	50,465	25,910	24,560	98.3	98.4	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	255	150	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	60	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	210	165	45	0.4	0.6	0.2
23 Construction	2,550	2,260	285	5.0	8.6	1.1
31-33 Manufacturing	2,970	2,160	815	5.8	8.2	3.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,150	880	270	2.2	3.3	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	5,845	3,010	2,835	11.4	11.4	11.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,810	1,475	335	3.5	5.6	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	990	645	345	1.9	2.5	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	1,930	885	1,045	3.8	3.4	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	605	380	225	1.2	1.4	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,935	2,370	1,560	7.7	9.0	6.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,590	1,605	985	5.0	6.1	3.9
61 Educational services	3,490	1,130	2,360	6.8	4.3	9.4
62 Health care and social assistance	9,050	2,465	6,580	17.6	9.4	26.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,030	530	495	2.0	2.0	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,485	1,825	1,665	6.8	6.9	6.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,330	1,095	1,235	4.5	4.2	4.9
91 Public administration	6,115	2,795	3,320	11.9	10.6	13.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	55,020	28,230	26,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	530	300	225	1.0	1.1	0.8
French	46,325	23,180	23,145	84.2	82.1	86.4
Non-official language	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	7,580	4,475	3,105	13.8	15.9	11.6
English and non-official language(s)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	210	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	275	120	155	0.5	0.4	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	55,020	28,230	26,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,020	27,630	26,380	98.2	97.9	98.5
Official languages	53,870	27,550	26,325	97.9	97.6	98.2
English	1,310	745	565	2.4	2.6	2.1
French	52,565	26,805	25,755	95.5	95.0	96.1
Non-official languages	150	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	135	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,005	600	405	1.8	2.1	1.5
English and French	920	570	355	1.7	2.0	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	55,020	28,230	26,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	47,850	24,095	23,760	87.0	85.4	88.7
English	5,985	3,505	2,480	10.9	12.4	9.3
French	810	465	345	1.5	1.6	1.3
Non-official language	185	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	185	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	155	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,230	24,120	23,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,325	5,400	5,930	24.0	22.4	25.7
Worked outside Canada	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
No fixed workplace address	4,595	3,335	1,255	9.7	13.8	5.4
Usual place of work	31,215	15,340	15,875	66.1	63.6	68.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,215	15,335	15,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,400	13,575	14,825	91.0	88.5	93.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	795	510	290	2.5	3.3	1.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,960	1,215	755	6.3	7.9	4.8
Commute to a different province or territory	50	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	35,810	18,675	17,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,335	14,340	12,005	73.5	76.8	70.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,605	13,700	10,900	68.7	73.4	63.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,730	635	1,100	4.8	3.4	6.4
Public transit	5,025	2,110	2,915	14.0	11.3	17.0
Walked	3,145	1,425	1,720	8.8	7.6	10.0
Bicycle	705	475	235	2.0	2.5	1.4
Other method	585	330	255	1.6	1.8	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	35,810	18,675	17,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,015	5,830	6,190	33.6	31.2	36.1
15 to 29 minutes	16,340	8,870	7,470	45.6	47.5	43.6
30 to 44 minutes	4,985	2,720	2,265	13.9	14.6	13.2
45 to 59 minutes	1,430	680	745	4.0	3.6	4.3
60 minutes and over	1,030	570	465	2.9	3.1	2.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	35,810	18,675	17,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,845	1,300	545	5.2	7.0	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,055	3,910	2,145	16.9	20.9	12.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,440	5,435	6,005	31.9	29.1	35.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,285	3,205	4,080	20.3	17.2	23.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,185	1,520	1,670	8.9	8.1	9.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,990	3,300	2,690	16.7	17.7	15.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,350	7,815	7,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,115	530	580	7.3	6.8	7.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,245	7,285	6,955	92.8	93.2	92.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,645	5,360	5,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	785	375	410	7.4	7.0	7.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	555	255	300	5.2	4.8	5.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	235	120	115	2.2	2.2	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,850	4,985	4,870	92.5	93.0	92.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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