Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Beauport--Côte-de-Beaupré--Île d'Orléans--CharlevoixMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	95,736	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	93,674	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	48,267	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	42,122	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	11,115.81	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	95,740	47,875	47,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,170	7,795	7,375	15.8	16.3	15.4
0 to 4 years	4,525	2,340	2,185	4.7	4.9	4.6
5 to 9 years	5,235	2,640	2,595	5.5	5.5	5.4
10 to 14 years	5,410	2,810	2,595	5.7	5.9	5.4
15 to 64 years	57,600	28,955	28,650	60.2	60.5	59.9
15 to 19 years	4,390	2,240	2,145	4.6	4.7	4.5
20 to 24 years	3,785	1,925	1,860	4.0	4.0	3.9
25 to 29 years	4,395	2,210	2,185	4.6	4.6	4.6
30 to 34 years	4,960	2,410	2,550	5.2	5.0	5.3
35 to 39 years	5,670	2,825	2,845	5.9	5.9	5.9
40 to 44 years	6,105	3,065	3,035	6.4	6.4	6.3
45 to 49 years	5,620	2,840	2,785	5.9	5.9	5.8
50 to 54 years	6,110	3,055	3,050	6.4	6.4	6.4
55 to 59 years	7,850	3,950	3,900	8.2	8.3	8.1
60 to 64 years	8,710	4,425	4,280	9.1	9.2	8.9
65 years and over	22,965	11,125	11,840	24.0	23.2	24.7
65 to 69 years	7,545	3,830	3,715	7.9	8.0	7.8
70 to 74 years	6,255	3,185	3,070	6.5	6.7	6.4
75 to 79 years	4,145	2,095	2,050	4.3	4.4	4.3
80 to 84 years	2,580	1,185	1,390	2.7	2.5	2.9
85 years and over	2,445	835	1,610	2.6	1.7	3.4
85 to 89 years	1,445	575	870	1.5	1.2	1.8
90 to 94 years	720	210	510	0.8	0.4	1.1
95 to 99 years	250	45	205	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.8	16.3	15.4	15.8	16.3	15.4
15 to 64 years	60.2	60.5	59.9	60.2	60.5	59.9
65 years and over	24.0	23.2	24.7	24.0	23.2	24.7
85 years and over	2.6	1.7	3.4	2.6	1.7	3.4
Average age of the population	45.3	44.7	45.8	45.3	44.7	45.8
Median age of the population	48.0	47.6	48.4	48.0	47.6	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	28,755	...	...	68.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,295	...	...	5.4	...	...
Row house	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,785	...	...	9.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,215	...	...	14.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	690	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,090	...	...	31.1	...	...
2 persons	16,610	...	...	39.4	...	...
3 persons	5,410	...	...	12.8	...	...
4 persons	4,825	...	...	11.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,180	...	...	5.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	93,635	47,085	46,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	80,565	40,080	40,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	50,370	25,215	25,160	62.5	62.9	62.1
Married	25,460	12,750	12,710	31.6	31.8	31.4
Living common-law	24,910	12,460	12,450	30.9	31.1	30.8
Living common law - Never married	20,515	10,200	10,315	25.5	25.4	25.5
Living common law - Separated	215	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,725	1,965	1,760	4.6	4.9	4.3
Living common law - Widowed	460	190	270	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	30,190	14,865	15,325	37.5	37.1	37.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,225	11,150	9,075	25.1	27.8	22.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	845	425	415	1.0	1.1	1.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,630	2,185	2,445	5.7	5.5	6.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,485	1,100	3,385	5.6	2.7	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,425	...	...	58.2	...	...
3 persons	5,195	...	...	18.4	...	...
4 persons	4,715	...	...	16.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,885	...	...	6.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,780	...	...	87.8	...	...
Married couples	12,325	...	...	43.7	...	...
With children⁶	3,920	...	...	13.9	...	...
Without children	8,410	...	...	29.8	...	...
Common-law couples	12,455	...	...	44.1	...	...
With children⁶	6,520	...	...	23.1	...	...
Without children	5,930	...	...	21.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,440	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,340	...	...	8.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,095	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	93,635	47,085	46,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	77,305	38,795	38,510	82.6	82.4	82.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	49,555	24,790	24,765	52.9	52.6	53.2
Parents in one-parent families	3,440	1,100	2,345	3.7	2.3	5.0
Children⁶	24,305	12,900	11,405	26.0	27.4	24.5
In a two-parent family	19,125	10,055	9,070	20.4	21.4	19.5
In a one-parent family	5,175	2,850	2,330	5.5	6.1	5.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,330	8,285	8,045	17.4	17.6	17.3
Living alone	13,090	6,580	6,510	14.0	14.0	14.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,590	740	850	1.7	1.6	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	1,645	970	680	1.8	2.1	1.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,975	...	...	64.0	...	...
Couple-family households	23,875	...	...	56.7	...	...
With children⁶	10,060	...	...	23.9	...	...
Without children	13,820	...	...	32.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,105	...	...	7.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	360	...	...	0.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	600	...	...	1.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,010	...	...	2.4	...	...
One-person households	13,095	...	...	31.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	78,475	39,290	39,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,460	38,810	38,650	98.7	98.8	98.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	48,400	38,800	43,600	48,400	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,490	38,820	38,665	98.7	98.8	98.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	41,600	34,400	38,000	41,600	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,320	36,545	34,765	90.9	93.0	88.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,200	30,000	35,200	41,200	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,945	29,480	26,465	71.3	75.0	67.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	33,600	38,000	42,400	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,945	30,780	33,165	81.5	78.3	84.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	11,500	12,400	12,000	11,500	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,985	6,830	5,155	15.3	17.4	13.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,600	6,000	5,800	5,600	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,480	11,030	9,445	26.1	28.1	24.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	78,395	39,175	39,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,355	38,660	38,705	98.7	98.7	98.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,840	57,150	44,520	50,840	57,150	44,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,375	38,675	38,705	98.7	98.7	98.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,040	46,280	37,760	42,040	46,280	37,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,205	36,465	34,735	90.8	93.1	88.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,880	50,400	37,080	43,880	50,400	37,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,910	29,380	26,525	71.3	75.0	67.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,680	49,240	39,640	44,680	49,240	39,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,585	30,640	32,945	81.1	78.2	84.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,680	12,110	13,200	12,680	12,110	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,595	6,660	4,935	14.8	17.0	12.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,420	6,610	8,500	7,420	6,610	8,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,380	10,910	9,465	26.0	27.8	24.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,440	7,080	7,860	7,440	7,080	7,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	78,390	39,175	39,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,135	14,485	12,650	34.6	37.0	32.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	62,400	52,000	57,600	62,400	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,800	70,100	58,700	64,800	70,100	58,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,805	11,420	11,390	29.1	29.2	29.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	24,800	17,000	20,400	24,800	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,960	33,480	24,440	28,960	33,480	24,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	83.2	74.8	79.4	83.2	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.5	65.4	61.0	63.5	65.4	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.5	16.8	25.3	20.5	16.8	25.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	4.0	5.3	4.6	4.0	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.5	4.3	3.9	3.5	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	78,470	39,295	39,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,010	485	530	1.3	1.2	1.4
With total income	77,465	38,810	38,655	98.7	98.8	98.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,985	1,590	2,395	5.1	4.1	6.2
$10,000 to $19,999	8,310	3,145	5,165	10.7	8.1	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	11,795	5,130	6,660	15.2	13.2	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	10,690	5,015	5,675	13.8	12.9	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,815	5,325	5,490	14.0	13.7	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,890	4,635	4,255	11.5	11.9	11.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,410	3,645	2,770	8.3	9.4	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,755	2,875	1,880	6.1	7.4	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,595	2,160	1,435	4.6	5.6	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,475	1,400	1,070	3.2	3.6	2.8
$100,000 and over	5,740	3,890	1,845	7.4	10.0	4.8
$100,000 to $149,999	4,305	2,855	1,450	5.6	7.4	3.8
$150,000 and over	1,430	1,040	395	1.8	2.7	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	78,470	39,295	39,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	990	470	515	1.3	1.2	1.3
With after-tax income	77,485	38,820	38,665	98.7	98.8	98.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,440	1,705	2,735	5.7	4.4	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	8,865	3,425	5,445	11.4	8.8	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	14,225	6,220	8,000	18.4	16.0	20.7
$30,000 to $39,999	13,840	6,845	6,990	17.9	17.6	18.1
$40,000 to $49,999	12,595	6,665	5,930	16.3	17.2	15.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,855	5,070	3,785	11.4	13.1	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,865	3,440	2,430	7.6	8.9	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,640	2,040	1,600	4.7	5.3	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,015	1,205	815	2.6	3.1	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,145	770	375	1.5	2.0	1.0
$100,000 and over	2,010	1,440	570	2.6	3.7	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,085	770	315	1.4	2.0	0.8
$125,000 and over	920	665	260	1.2	1.7	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	78,470	39,295	39,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,525	9,810	12,715	28.7	25.0	32.5
With employment income	55,945	29,480	26,465	71.3	75.0	67.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,650	3,640	3,010	11.9	12.3	11.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,145	1,840	2,300	7.4	6.2	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	6,695	3,000	3,695	12.0	10.2	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	5,725	2,650	3,070	10.2	9.0	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,930	2,855	3,075	10.6	9.7	11.6
$40,000 to $49,999	6,150	3,060	3,090	11.0	10.4	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	5,050	2,735	2,315	9.0	9.3	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,930	2,365	1,565	7.0	8.0	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,195	1,990	1,205	5.7	6.8	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,655	1,530	1,125	4.7	5.2	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,740	1,010	735	3.1	3.4	2.8
$100,000 and over	4,090	2,810	1,280	7.3	9.5	4.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,250	1,490	760	4.0	5.1	2.9
$125,000 and over	1,835	1,315	520	3.3	4.5	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	78,475	39,290	39,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,780	38,460	38,320	97.8	97.9	97.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,200	36,800	42,000	47,200	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,820	38,470	38,350	97.9	97.9	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,400	32,400	36,400	40,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,820	36,330	34,490	90.2	92.5	88.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,400	31,200	36,800	42,400	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,955	29,855	27,100	72.6	76.0	69.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,600	34,000	38,800	43,600	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,115	27,435	30,680	74.1	69.8	78.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	8,500	9,500	8,900	8,500	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,205	6,555	4,650	14.3	16.7	11.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,680	5,520	5,080	4,680	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	78,395	39,175	39,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,620	38,290	38,325	97.7	97.7	97.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,160	56,150	42,200	49,160	56,150	42,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,675	38,300	38,370	97.8	97.8	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,560	45,400	35,720	40,560	45,400	35,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,705	36,260	34,445	90.2	92.6	87.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,000	52,100	37,560	45,000	52,100	37,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,890	29,840	27,055	72.6	76.2	69.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	50,520	39,320	45,200	50,520	39,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,735	27,315	30,420	73.6	69.7	77.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,130	9,580	10,620	10,130	9,580	10,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,055	6,450	4,600	14.1	16.5	11.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,670	5,725	7,990	6,670	5,725	7,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	78,390	39,175	39,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,080	14,440	12,640	34.5	36.9	32.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	60,400	49,200	54,800	60,400	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,350	68,600	55,200	62,350	68,600	55,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,110	11,040	11,070	28.2	28.2	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	31,400	21,200	25,800	31,400	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,640	39,400	27,920	33,640	39,400	27,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.4	87.8	80.0	84.4	87.8	80.0
Employment income (%)	68.2	70.2	65.8	68.2	70.2	65.8
Government transfers (%)	15.5	12.2	20.0	15.5	12.2	20.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.7	2.3	2.0	1.7	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,120	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,025	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,400	...	...	93,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,200	...	...	77,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,960	...	...	47,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,240	...	...	40,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	360	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	595	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,195	...	...	5.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,335	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,450	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,870	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,975	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,765	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,355	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,030	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,045	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,780	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,545	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,515	...	...	36.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,255	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,810	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,050	...	...	9.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,395	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	235	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	375	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	650	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,355	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,720	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,885	...	...	4.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,380	...	...	5.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,305	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,020	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,885	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,795	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,475	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,100	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,775	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,050	...	...	26.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,160	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,935	...	...	7.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,955	...	...	7.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,365	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,740	7,545	7,195	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	42,400	35,600	39,200	42,400	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,800	32,400	34,800	36,800	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,400	...	...	114,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...	94,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,800	...	...	96,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,300	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,200	...	...	149,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,900	...	...	120,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,100	...	...	80,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,800	...	...	68,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,785	7,550	7,235	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,720	51,080	42,160	46,720	51,080	42,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,360	42,120	36,480	39,360	42,120	36,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	93,640	47,080	46,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,825	9,175	8,650	19.0	19.5	18.6
0 to 5 years	5,580	2,905	2,680	6.0	6.2	5.8
18 to 64 years	54,585	27,355	27,235	58.3	58.1	58.5
65 years and over	21,220	10,555	10,670	22.7	22.4	22.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,865	3,595	4,275	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	930	495	435	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	305	170	130	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,130	1,595	1,540	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,800	1,500	2,300	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.4	7.6	9.2	8.4	7.6	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.2	5.4	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	5.4	5.8	5.0	5.4	5.8	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.7
65 years and over (%)	17.9	14.2	21.6	17.9	14.2	21.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	93,635	47,085	46,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,825	9,175	8,650	19.0	19.5	18.6
0 to 5 years	5,580	2,900	2,675	6.0	6.2	5.7
18 to 64 years	54,590	27,355	27,235	58.3	58.1	58.5
65 years and over	21,225	10,555	10,670	22.7	22.4	22.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,940	990	955	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	210	110	100	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	50	30	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,345	735	605	...	...	...
65 years and over	390	145	250	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1
0 to 5 years (%)	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.5	2.7	2.2	2.5	2.7	2.2
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.4	2.3	1.8	1.4	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	93,635	47,080	46,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,220	23,265	23,960	50.4	49.4	51.5
In bottom decile	6,165	2,845	3,320	6.6	6.0	7.1
In second decile	8,750	4,205	4,545	9.3	8.9	9.8
In third decile	9,860	4,890	4,970	10.5	10.4	10.7
In fourth decile	10,820	5,440	5,380	11.6	11.6	11.6
In fifth decile	11,630	5,890	5,745	12.4	12.5	12.3
In top half of the distribution	46,415	23,820	22,595	49.6	50.6	48.5
In sixth decile	11,800	6,070	5,735	12.6	12.9	12.3
In seventh decile	11,485	5,830	5,660	12.3	12.4	12.2
In eighth decile	10,270	5,260	5,010	11.0	11.2	10.8
In ninth decile	7,995	4,140	3,850	8.5	8.8	8.3
In top decile	4,865	2,520	2,340	5.2	5.4	5.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	93,635	...	...	93,635	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.399	...	...	0.399	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.241	...	...	0.241	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	94,260	47,340	46,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
French only	66,755	32,370	34,385	70.8	68.4	73.3
English and French	27,275	14,830	12,450	28.9	31.3	26.5
Neither English nor French	105	85	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	94,260	47,340	46,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	835	415	420	0.9	0.9	0.9
French	93,035	46,695	46,340	98.7	98.6	98.8
English and French	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	95	70	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	94,260	47,340	46,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	93,510	46,940	46,570	99.2	99.2	99.3
Official languages	92,165	46,230	45,935	97.8	97.7	97.9
English	770	405	370	0.8	0.9	0.8
French	91,395	45,825	45,570	97.0	96.8	97.1
Non-official languages	1,345	710	635	1.4	1.5	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,340	710	635	1.4	1.5	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	240	145	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	215	130	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	210	130	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	710	380	330	0.8	0.8	0.7
Albanian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	515	285	230	0.5	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	330	185	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	745	395	350	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and French	470	255	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	94,260	47,340	46,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	90,410	45,275	45,140	95.9	95.6	96.2
Non-official language	285	175	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	285	175	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	2,005	1,100	910	2.1	2.3	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	865	440	430	0.9	0.9	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	320	170	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	94,260	47,340	46,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	93,615	47,010	46,600	99.3	99.3	99.3
Official languages	93,065	46,710	46,360	98.7	98.7	98.8
English	530	270	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
French	92,540	46,435	46,100	98.2	98.1	98.3
Non-official languages	545	305	240	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	545	305	240	0.6	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	300	175	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	250	145	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	170	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	645	325	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	365	185	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	94,260	47,335	46,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	91,570	45,890	45,675	97.1	96.9	97.3
English	1,540	860	680	1.6	1.8	1.4
French	370	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	525	265	255	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	520	265	255	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	93,485	46,920	46,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	93,335	46,795	46,535	99.8	99.7	99.9
English	27,195	14,770	12,425	29.1	31.5	26.7
French	93,210	46,735	46,475	99.7	99.6	99.8
Non-official languages	4,105	1,910	2,195	4.4	4.1	4.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,090	1,900	2,190	4.4	4.0	4.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	480	280	190	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	430	255	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	425	250	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,915	1,325	1,595	3.1	2.8	3.4
Albanian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	160	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	160	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	285	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,495	1,100	1,395	2.7	2.3	3.0
Catalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	205	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	2,195	950	1,245	2.3	2.0	2.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	355	150	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	93,485	46,920	46,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,735	945	790	1.9	2.0	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,580	835	750	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	850	415	435	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis	720	405	315	0.8	0.9	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	80	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	91,745	45,975	45,775	98.1	98.0	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	93,485	46,920	46,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	410	240	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	93,070	46,680	46,395	99.6	99.5	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	31,770	...	...	75.5	...	...
Renter	10,330	...	...	24.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,665	...	...	6.3	...	...
Not condominium	39,440	...	...	93.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,080	...	...	9.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,195	...	...	29.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,585	...	...	37.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,170	...	...	24.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,915	...	...	23.5	...	...
5 rooms	7,005	...	...	16.6	...	...
6 rooms	6,385	...	...	15.2	...	...
7 rooms	5,930	...	...	14.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,870	...	...	30.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,965	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,575	...	...	98.7	...	...
Not suitable	525	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,165	...	...	24.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,640	...	...	27.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,770	...	...	16.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,430	...	...	10.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,905	...	...	4.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,670	...	...	6.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,460	...	...	5.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,060	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	39,940	...	...	94.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,160	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,085	...	...	52.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,490	...	...	46.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	525	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	655	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,555	...	...	10.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,590	...	...	15.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,850	...	...	16.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,630	...	...	22.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,495	...	...	20.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,160	...	...	9.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,170	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,525	...	...	89.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,245	...	...	10.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,005	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,515	...	...	15.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,885	...	...	9.2	...	...
Not suitable only	440	...	...	1.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,780	...	...	4.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	325	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,590	...	...	84.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,365	...	...	3.3	...	...
Not in core need	40,165	...	...	96.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,525	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.6	...	...	59.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,045	...	...	1,045	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	274,000	...	...	274,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,400	...	...	290,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,295	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.3	...	...	19.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	675	...	...	675	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	708	...	...	708	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	93,480	46,920	46,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,540	770	770	1.6	1.6	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,540	770	770	1.6	1.6	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,260	635	620	1.3	1.4	1.3
Métis single ancestry	275	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,875	960	910	2.0	2.0	2.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,835	940	890	2.0	2.0	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,645	850	795	1.8	1.8	1.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	90,070	45,185	44,890	96.4	96.3	96.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	93,480	46,920	46,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	92,115	46,185	45,935	98.5	98.4	98.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,430	8,975	8,455	18.6	19.1	18.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,685	37,210	37,475	79.9	79.3	80.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,370	735	635	1.5	1.6	1.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	93,480	46,920	46,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	90,135	45,165	44,980	96.4	96.3	96.6
Immigrants⁸¹	2,820	1,435	1,385	3.0	3.1	3.0
Before 1980	340	195	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	425	245	180	0.5	0.5	0.4
2001 to 2010	910	455	450	1.0	1.0	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	990	450	540	1.1	1.0	1.2
2011 to 2015	475	220	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
2016 to 2021	515	230	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	520	325	200	0.6	0.7	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,820	1,440	1,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	335	150	185	11.9	10.4	13.4
5 to 14 years	460	220	240	16.3	15.3	17.3
15 to 24 years	385	200	185	13.7	13.9	13.4
25 to 44 years	1,485	790	695	52.7	54.9	50.2
45 years and over	155	80	75	5.5	5.6	5.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,820	1,440	1,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	430	180	245	15.2	12.5	17.7
Brazil	50	35	20	1.8	2.4	1.4
Colombia	25	10	15	0.9	0.7	1.1
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	80	15	60	2.8	1.0	4.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	20	15	1.1	1.4	1.1
Peru	15	10	10	0.5	0.7	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	125	55	70	4.4	3.8	5.1
Other places of birth in Americas	100	45	55	3.5	3.1	4.0
Europe	1,295	720	570	45.9	50.0	41.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	10	0.5	0.7	0.7
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	910	510	405	32.3	35.4	29.2
Germany	25	10	15	0.9	0.7	1.1
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	10	20	0.9	0.7	1.4
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Portugal	35	15	20	1.2	1.0	1.4
Romania	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.1
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	20	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	190	110	85	6.7	7.6	6.1
Africa	840	425	420	29.8	29.5	30.3
Algeria	135	75	60	4.8	5.2	4.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	105	35	70	3.7	2.4	5.1
Egypt	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	120	80	40	4.3	5.6	2.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	465	220	250	16.5	15.3	18.1
Asia	250	100	150	8.9	6.9	10.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	15	10	1.1	1.0	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	85	30	55	3.0	2.1	4.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	15	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	60	10	50	2.1	0.7	3.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	515	225	290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	55	30	25	10.7	13.3	8.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	10	0	1.9	4.4	0.0
United States of America	20	0	20	3.9	0.0	6.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	20	0	3.9	8.9	0.0
Europe	170	70	105	33.0	31.1	36.2
France	150	65	85	29.1	28.9	29.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	2.9	0.0	3.4
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	1.9	0.0	0.0
Africa	240	110	135	46.6	48.9	46.6
Algeria	10	0	10	1.9	0.0	3.4
Burundi	35	15	15	6.8	6.7	5.2
Cameroon	25	15	10	4.9	6.7	3.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	0	30	7.8	0.0	10.3
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	10	1.9	0.0	3.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	1.9	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	105	60	45	20.4	26.7	15.5
Asia	45	15	30	8.7	6.7	10.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	2.9	0.0	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	93,485	46,920	46,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,685	1,895	1,790	3.9	4.0	3.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,480	1,180	1,300	2.7	2.5	2.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	87,320	43,845	43,475	93.4	93.4	93.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,480	1,235	1,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,415	755	660	57.1	61.1	53.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	690	455	240	27.8	36.8	19.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	720	300	420	29.0	24.3	33.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	660	290	370	26.6	23.5	29.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	390	190	200	15.7	15.4	16.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,480	1,235	1,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	40	45	3.6	3.2	3.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	315	165	150	12.7	13.4	12.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	45	50	3.8	3.6	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	120	90	30	4.8	7.3	2.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,850	890	965	74.6	72.1	77.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	93,485	46,920	46,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,170	1,025	1,145	2.3	2.2	2.5
South Asian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	180	45	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
Black	1,070	485	585	1.1	1.0	1.3
Filipino	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab	325	195	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latin American	305	180	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Southeast Asian	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	91,305	45,895	45,415	97.7	97.8	97.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	93,480	46,920	46,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	38,585	19,245	19,335	41.3	41.0	41.5
English	800	455	345	0.9	1.0	0.7
Irish	2,945	1,365	1,575	3.2	2.9	3.4
Scottish	1,130	580	550	1.2	1.2	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,275	11,225	11,050	23.8	23.9	23.7
German	590	310	280	0.6	0.7	0.6
Chinese	200	70	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
Italian	690	380	315	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indian (India)	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	45	25	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dutch	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	14,235	7,005	7,230	15.2	14.9	15.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	10,380	5,325	5,060	11.1	11.3	10.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,715	840	870	1.8	1.8	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,110	540	570	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis	475	230	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	940	505	430	1.0	1.1	0.9
Russian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	230	150	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
American	425	195	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	240	85	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Acadian	730	380	350	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	255	110	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jewish	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanese	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,520	790	730	1.6	1.7	1.6
Danish	40	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	340	150	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Belgian	420	180	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Haitian	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	105	85	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	340	180	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	200	140	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	55	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	340	180	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	250	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	195	125	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	290	175	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	93,485	46,920	46,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	105	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	71,690	35,340	36,350	76.7	75.3	78.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,265	3,185	3,085	6.7	6.8	6.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	64,495	31,730	32,765	69.0	67.6	70.4
Christian Orthodox	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	210	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	160	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Presbyterian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	655	370	285	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	20,825	11,070	9,755	22.3	23.6	21.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	92,645	46,515	46,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	84,495	42,575	41,920	91.2	91.5	90.9
Movers	8,145	3,940	4,210	8.8	8.5	9.1
Non-migrants	5,030	2,400	2,630	5.4	5.2	5.7
Migrants	3,120	1,535	1,580	3.4	3.3	3.4
Internal migrants	2,935	1,450	1,490	3.2	3.1	3.2
Intraprovincial migrants	2,885	1,435	1,455	3.1	3.1	3.2
Interprovincial migrants	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
External migrants	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	88,740	44,535	44,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	61,945	31,375	30,570	69.8	70.5	69.2
Movers	26,790	13,160	13,635	30.2	29.5	30.8
Non-migrants	11,020	5,345	5,680	12.4	12.0	12.8
Migrants	15,775	7,815	7,960	17.8	17.5	18.0
Internal migrants	14,975	7,400	7,570	16.9	16.6	17.1
Intraprovincial migrants	14,655	7,265	7,390	16.5	16.3	16.7
Interprovincial migrants	320	140	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
External migrants	795	415	380	0.9	0.9	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,395	39,175	39,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,250	8,465	6,790	19.5	21.6	17.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	63,140	30,710	32,430	80.5	78.4	82.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,040	24,415	24,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,185	3,845	2,340	12.6	15.7	9.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,855	20,565	22,285	87.4	84.2	90.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,395	39,175	39,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,135	6,865	6,270	16.8	17.5	16.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,690	8,230	9,465	22.6	21.0	24.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,560	24,080	23,485	60.7	61.5	59.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,910	18,105	15,805	43.3	46.2	40.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,405	10,465	5,935	20.9	26.7	15.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,355	6,260	5,095	14.5	16.0	13.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,050	4,200	845	6.4	10.7	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,815	6,665	8,150	18.9	17.0	20.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,700	975	1,720	3.4	2.5	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,650	5,975	7,680	17.4	15.3	19.6
Bachelor's degree	9,310	3,915	5,395	11.9	10.0	13.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,110	505	605	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	310	185	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	2,585	1,190	1,400	3.3	3.0	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	335	180	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,040	24,415	24,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,830	2,855	1,970	9.8	11.7	8.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,595	4,200	4,395	17.5	17.2	17.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,615	17,355	18,260	72.6	71.1	74.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,135	13,240	11,890	51.3	54.2	48.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,605	7,860	4,745	25.7	32.2	19.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,800	4,685	4,115	17.9	19.2	16.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,810	3,180	630	7.8	13.0	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,675	4,705	5,975	21.8	19.3	24.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,845	680	1,170	3.8	2.8	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,485	4,115	6,365	21.4	16.9	25.8
Bachelor's degree	7,200	2,760	4,440	14.7	11.3	18.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	810	295	520	1.7	1.2	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	195	90	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	2,035	865	1,165	4.1	3.5	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	240	115	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	78,390	39,180	39,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,830	15,095	15,735	39.3	38.5	40.1
Education	3,905	940	2,965	5.0	2.4	7.6
13. Education	3,905	940	2,965	5.0	2.4	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,485	650	835	1.9	1.7	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	180	90	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,215	475	745	1.5	1.2	1.9
Humanities	2,110	895	1,205	2.7	2.3	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	230	55	175	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,195	565	635	1.5	1.4	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	180	120	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	310	60	250	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,675	1,105	2,570	4.7	2.8	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	460	145	315	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	935	75	855	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	775	295	480	1.0	0.8	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	30	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	560	100	460	0.7	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	805	455	350	1.0	1.2	0.9
Business, management and public administration	10,520	3,685	6,835	13.4	9.4	17.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	775	200	575	1.0	0.5	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,740	3,475	6,260	12.4	8.9	16.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,360	730	630	1.7	1.9	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	485	235	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	330	160	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	290	220	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,525	1,065	460	1.9	2.7	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,365	1,005	360	1.7	2.6	0.9
25. Library science	90	25	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,980	10,310	670	14.0	26.3	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	265	135	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,015	900	115	1.3	2.3	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,930	1,740	185	2.5	4.4	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,300	3,190	115	4.2	8.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,695	2,620	70	3.4	6.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,780	1,720	60	2.3	4.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,385	980	410	1.8	2.5	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	700	390	310	0.9	1.0	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	695	590	100	0.9	1.5	0.3
Health and related fields	6,135	1,205	4,925	7.8	3.1	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	320	175	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,690	955	4,730	7.3	2.4	12.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,445	2,495	1,945	5.7	6.4	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,335	645	1,690	3.0	1.6	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	725	560	165	0.9	1.4	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,375	1,290	90	1.8	3.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	49,045	24,415	24,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,425	7,055	6,365	27.4	28.9	25.8
Education	2,615	520	2,090	5.3	2.1	8.5
13. Education	2,615	520	2,090	5.3	2.1	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,160	460	705	2.4	1.9	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	125	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	945	335	615	1.9	1.4	2.5
Humanities	1,295	540	750	2.6	2.2	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	160	30	130	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	750	360	390	1.5	1.5	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	135	90	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	15	155	0.3	0.1	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,935	815	2,120	6.0	3.3	8.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	385	135	250	0.8	0.6	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	800	55	745	1.6	0.2	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	595	190	405	1.2	0.8	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	20	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	445	55	385	0.9	0.2	1.6
45. Social sciences	600	345	255	1.2	1.4	1.0
Business, management and public administration	8,200	2,670	5,525	16.7	10.9	22.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	645	145	500	1.3	0.6	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,550	2,525	5,025	15.4	10.3	20.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	810	440	375	1.7	1.8	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385	175	205	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	180	125	55	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,285	895	390	2.6	3.7	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,155	850	305	2.4	3.5	1.2
25. Library science	75	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,145	7,570	575	16.6	31.0	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	215	100	115	0.4	0.4	0.5
14. Engineering	795	680	115	1.6	2.8	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,400	1,225	175	2.9	5.0	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,515	2,420	95	5.1	9.9	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,915	1,865	45	3.9	7.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,315	1,280	35	2.7	5.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,045	715	325	2.1	2.9	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	520	280	240	1.1	1.1	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	525	440	85	1.1	1.8	0.3
Health and related fields	4,535	795	3,745	9.2	3.3	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	215	90	120	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,250	665	3,580	8.7	2.7	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,560	1,925	1,630	7.3	7.9	6.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,855	445	1,405	3.8	1.8	5.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	600	450	150	1.2	1.8	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,100	1,025	80	2.2	4.2	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	49,045	24,415	24,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,425	7,055	6,365	27.4	28.9	25.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35,620	17,355	18,260	72.6	71.1	74.1
Location of study inside Canada	34,440	16,760	17,680	70.2	68.6	71.8
Same as province or territory of residence	33,985	16,495	17,490	69.3	67.6	71.0
Different than province or territory of residence	455	265	190	0.9	1.1	0.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,180	600	580	2.4	2.5	2.4
Americas	170	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
United States of America	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mexico	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	735	385	350	1.5	1.6	1.4
Belgium	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
France	565	290	275	1.2	1.2	1.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	200	105	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	78,395	39,175	39,215	...	...	...
In the labour force	49,130	25,385	23,740	...	...	...
Employed	45,920	23,765	22,160	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,205	1,625	1,585	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,265	13,790	15,475	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.7	64.8	60.5	62.7	64.8	60.5
Employment rate	58.6	60.7	56.5	58.6	60.7	56.5
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.4	6.7	6.5	6.4	6.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	78,390	39,180	39,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,125	12,465	14,665	34.6	31.8	37.4
Worked	51,270	26,715	24,555	65.4	68.2	62.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,670	14,805	12,855	35.3	37.8	32.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,600	11,905	11,695	30.1	30.4	29.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.2	41.5	41.9	42.2	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	49,125	25,385	23,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675	305	370	1.4	1.2	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	48,450	25,080	23,375	98.6	98.8	98.5
Employee	42,790	21,565	21,225	87.1	85.0	89.4
Permanent position	35,480	18,085	17,390	72.2	71.2	73.3
Temporary position	7,310	3,485	3,830	14.9	13.7	16.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,120	905	1,215	4.3	3.6	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,195	2,580	2,620	10.6	10.2	11.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,665	3,515	2,150	11.5	13.8	9.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	49,125	25,385	23,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675	305	370	1.4	1.2	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	48,450	25,080	23,375	98.6	98.8	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	940	690	245	1.9	2.7	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,320	2,345	5,975	16.9	9.2	25.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,360	2,500	860	6.8	9.8	3.6
3 Health occupations	4,380	850	3,530	8.9	3.3	14.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,115	1,645	4,470	12.4	6.5	18.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,285	660	630	2.6	2.6	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	11,880	5,450	6,430	24.2	21.5	27.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,255	8,605	650	18.8	33.9	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,220	975	250	2.5	3.8	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,700	1,360	340	3.5	5.4	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	49,125	25,385	23,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675	305	370	1.4	1.2	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	48,450	25,080	23,375	98.6	98.8	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,160	785	375	2.4	3.1	1.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	230	225	10	0.5	0.9	0.0
22 Utilities	395	335	55	0.8	1.3	0.2
23 Construction	4,370	3,900	470	8.9	15.4	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,370	2,545	825	6.9	10.0	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,080	825	255	2.2	3.2	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	5,700	2,790	2,910	11.6	11.0	12.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,090	1,645	445	4.3	6.5	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	585	400	185	1.2	1.6	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,820	650	1,165	3.7	2.6	4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	555	330	225	1.1	1.3	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,925	1,645	1,275	6.0	6.5	5.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,555	1,010	550	3.2	4.0	2.3
61 Educational services	3,375	915	2,460	6.9	3.6	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	7,780	1,620	6,160	15.8	6.4	25.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,070	600	475	2.2	2.4	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,135	1,405	1,725	6.4	5.5	7.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,260	1,140	1,120	4.6	4.5	4.7
91 Public administration	4,960	2,290	2,665	10.1	9.0	11.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	53,805	27,965	25,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	390	245	145	0.7	0.9	0.6
French	47,955	24,515	23,440	89.1	87.7	90.7
Non-official language	85	80	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	80	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
English and French	5,200	3,060	2,135	9.7	10.9	8.3
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	53,805	27,965	25,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	53,300	27,700	25,595	99.1	99.1	99.1
Official languages	53,180	27,605	25,575	98.8	98.7	99.0
English	910	570	340	1.7	2.0	1.3
French	52,265	27,035	25,235	97.1	96.7	97.7
Non-official languages	120	95	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	120	95	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	105	90	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	80	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	80	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	510	265	245	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	475	265	210	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	53,805	27,965	25,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	48,915	25,090	23,820	90.9	89.7	92.2
English	4,250	2,505	1,745	7.9	9.0	6.8
French	530	325	205	1.0	1.2	0.8
Non-official language	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	45,915	23,765	22,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,795	3,975	4,820	19.2	16.7	21.8
Worked outside Canada	50	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,810	4,660	1,150	12.7	19.6	5.2
Usual place of work	31,265	15,085	16,180	68.1	63.5	73.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,270	15,085	16,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,230	7,645	8,590	51.9	50.7	53.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,870	2,235	2,635	15.6	14.8	16.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10,125	5,180	4,945	32.4	34.3	30.6
Commute to a different province or territory	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,080	19,750	17,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,960	18,260	15,700	91.6	92.5	90.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,185	17,445	14,740	86.8	88.3	85.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,775	810	955	4.8	4.1	5.5
Public transit	995	415	585	2.7	2.1	3.4
Walked	1,280	575	705	3.5	2.9	4.1
Bicycle	140	95	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Other method	695	400	295	1.9	2.0	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,080	19,750	17,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,890	6,265	6,615	34.8	31.7	38.2
15 to 29 minutes	14,005	7,395	6,610	37.8	37.4	38.2
30 to 44 minutes	6,625	3,870	2,765	17.9	19.6	16.0
45 to 59 minutes	2,090	1,180	905	5.6	6.0	5.2
60 minutes and over	1,470	1,035	430	4.0	5.2	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,080	19,750	17,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,515	2,050	465	6.8	10.4	2.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,830	5,335	2,490	21.1	27.0	14.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,585	5,825	6,760	33.9	29.5	39.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,815	2,840	3,975	18.4	14.4	22.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,630	955	1,675	7.1	4.8	9.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,705	2,745	1,965	12.7	13.9	11.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,145	9,340	8,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,025	520	500	5.6	5.6	5.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,125	8,820	8,305	94.4	94.4	94.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,245	6,790	6,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	790	405	385	6.0	6.0	6.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550	275	275	4.2	4.1	4.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	235	125	110	1.8	1.8	1.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,455	6,385	6,070	94.0	94.0	94.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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