Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Beauharnois--Salaberry--Soulanges--HuntingdonMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	118,475	59,010	59,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,645	10,110	9,530	16.6	17.1	16.0
0 to 4 years	6,375	3,270	3,110	5.4	5.5	5.2
5 to 9 years	6,765	3,475	3,290	5.7	5.9	5.5
10 to 14 years	6,505	3,365	3,135	5.5	5.7	5.3
15 to 64 years	73,360	36,860	36,500	61.9	62.5	61.4
15 to 19 years	5,465	2,825	2,640	4.6	4.8	4.4
20 to 24 years	5,410	2,765	2,645	4.6	4.7	4.4
25 to 29 years	7,405	3,740	3,670	6.3	6.3	6.2
30 to 34 years	7,550	3,775	3,770	6.4	6.4	6.3
35 to 39 years	7,080	3,600	3,475	6.0	6.1	5.8
40 to 44 years	7,385	3,685	3,695	6.2	6.2	6.2
45 to 49 years	6,660	3,350	3,310	5.6	5.7	5.6
50 to 54 years	7,435	3,760	3,675	6.3	6.4	6.2
55 to 59 years	9,300	4,585	4,715	7.8	7.8	7.9
60 to 64 years	9,675	4,775	4,900	8.2	8.1	8.2
65 years and over	25,470	12,035	13,435	21.5	20.4	22.6
65 to 69 years	8,175	4,135	4,050	6.9	7.0	6.8
70 to 74 years	6,860	3,335	3,520	5.8	5.7	5.9
75 to 79 years	5,045	2,395	2,655	4.3	4.1	4.5
80 to 84 years	2,810	1,255	1,550	2.4	2.1	2.6
85 years and over	2,575	915	1,665	2.2	1.6	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,590	625	965	1.3	1.1	1.6
90 to 94 years	775	250	525	0.7	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	185	35	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.1	16.0	16.6	17.1	16.0
15 to 64 years	61.9	62.5	61.4	61.9	62.5	61.4
65 years and over	21.5	20.4	22.6	21.5	20.4	22.6
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	43.4	42.6	44.2	43.4	42.6	44.2
Median age of the population	44.4	43.6	45.6	44.4	43.6	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	31,810	...	...	60.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,800	...	...	5.4	...	...
Row house	935	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,315	...	...	8.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,965	...	...	22.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	325	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,120	...	...	32.7	...	...
2 persons	19,550	...	...	37.4	...	...
3 persons	6,980	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	5,745	...	...	11.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,915	...	...	5.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	116,090	58,075	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	98,830	48,900	49,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,710	28,830	28,880	58.4	59.0	57.8
Married	29,545	14,795	14,755	29.9	30.3	29.6
Living common-law	28,160	14,035	14,130	28.5	28.7	28.3
Living common law - Never married	22,555	11,220	11,340	22.8	22.9	22.7
Living common law - Separated	335	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,645	2,355	2,285	4.7	4.8	4.6
Living common law - Widowed	625	290	335	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	41,120	20,065	21,050	41.6	41.0	42.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,015	14,890	12,120	27.3	30.4	24.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,370	680	690	1.4	1.4	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,160	3,060	4,095	7.2	6.3	8.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,570	1,430	4,140	5.6	2.9	8.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,600	...	...	57.6	...	...
3 persons	6,640	...	...	19.5	...	...
4 persons	5,445	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,365	...	...	6.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,420	...	...	83.5	...	...
Married couples	14,350	...	...	42.1	...	...
With children⁶	5,070	...	...	14.9	...	...
Without children	9,275	...	...	27.2	...	...
Common-law couples	14,070	...	...	41.3	...	...
With children⁶	7,185	...	...	21.1	...	...
Without children	6,885	...	...	20.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,635	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,975	...	...	11.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,660	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	116,090	58,075	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,495	46,575	46,920	80.5	80.2	80.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,840	28,345	28,495	49.0	48.8	49.1
Parents in one-parent families	5,630	1,660	3,970	4.8	2.9	6.8
Children⁶	31,025	16,570	14,450	26.7	28.5	24.9
In a two-parent family	22,490	11,840	10,650	19.4	20.4	18.4
In a one-parent family	8,535	4,735	3,795	7.4	8.2	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,590	11,495	11,095	19.5	19.8	19.1
Living alone	17,125	8,545	8,580	14.8	14.7	14.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,190	1,005	1,190	1.9	1.7	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	3,275	1,945	1,330	2.8	3.3	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,535	...	...	60.3	...	...
Couple-family households	26,740	...	...	51.1	...	...
With children⁶	11,515	...	...	22.0	...	...
Without children	15,220	...	...	29.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,800	...	...	9.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	720	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	175	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,140	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,610	...	...	3.1	...	...
One-person households	17,125	...	...	32.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	96,465	47,970	48,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,505	47,040	47,465	98.0	98.1	97.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,600	35,600	40,400	45,600	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,570	47,070	47,495	98.0	98.1	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,600	32,000	35,600	39,600	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,885	42,800	41,085	87.0	89.2	84.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,000	26,600	33,200	40,000	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,845	35,860	31,985	70.3	74.8	66.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	30,800	36,000	41,200	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,250	37,630	41,620	82.2	78.4	85.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	10,500	12,700	11,900	10,500	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,495	6,775	5,715	13.0	14.1	11.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,640	5,520	5,560	5,640	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,390	13,250	12,140	26.3	27.6	25.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,500	6,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	96,460	48,005	48,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,505	47,075	47,435	98.0	98.1	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,640	52,700	40,640	46,640	52,700	40,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,565	47,100	47,460	98.0	98.1	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,040	42,960	35,120	39,040	42,960	35,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,810	42,785	41,025	86.9	89.1	84.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,560	47,600	33,240	40,560	47,600	33,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,810	35,935	31,875	70.3	74.9	65.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,520	46,680	35,640	41,520	46,680	35,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,305	37,805	41,495	82.2	78.8	85.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,720	11,770	13,600	12,720	11,770	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,355	6,830	5,530	12.8	14.2	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,870	6,400	7,460	6,870	6,400	7,460
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,355	13,200	12,155	26.3	27.5	25.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,720	7,310	8,160	7,720	7,310	8,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	96,460	48,005	48,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,055	18,325	14,730	34.3	38.2	30.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	60,000	48,400	54,400	60,000	48,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,800	65,200	53,000	59,800	65,200	53,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,320	12,670	13,650	27.3	26.4	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	25,800	17,800	21,000	25,800	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,080	33,560	23,020	28,080	33,560	23,020
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.2	82.0	70.8	77.2	82.0	70.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.8	67.6	59.0	63.8	67.6	59.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.9	17.9	29.3	22.9	17.9	29.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.8	2.1	1.9	1.8	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.5	6.3	5.3	4.5	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.9	5.2	4.4	3.9	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	96,465	47,970	48,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,955	930	1,025	2.0	1.9	2.1
With total income	94,505	47,040	47,465	98.0	98.1	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,765	2,425	3,340	6.1	5.2	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,595	4,490	7,100	12.3	9.6	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	16,080	6,855	9,225	17.0	14.6	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	13,305	6,090	7,215	14.1	12.9	15.2
$40,000 to $49,999	13,030	6,490	6,545	13.8	13.8	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	10,215	5,340	4,875	10.8	11.4	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,295	4,125	3,170	7.7	8.8	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,215	3,245	1,965	5.5	6.9	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,925	2,460	1,470	4.2	5.2	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,755	1,755	1,000	2.9	3.7	2.1
$100,000 and over	5,315	3,775	1,545	5.6	8.0	3.3
$100,000 to $149,999	4,225	2,950	1,275	4.5	6.3	2.7
$150,000 and over	1,090	825	265	1.2	1.7	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	96,465	47,970	48,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,895	900	995	2.0	1.9	2.1
With after-tax income	94,570	47,070	47,495	98.0	98.1	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,260	2,570	3,690	6.6	5.5	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	12,245	4,810	7,435	12.9	10.2	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	18,925	8,145	10,775	20.0	17.3	22.7
$30,000 to $39,999	17,080	8,465	8,625	18.1	18.0	18.1
$40,000 to $49,999	15,030	7,850	7,185	15.9	16.7	15.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,930	5,655	4,275	10.5	12.0	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,490	3,980	2,510	6.9	8.5	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,980	2,420	1,560	4.2	5.1	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,995	1,290	705	2.1	2.7	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,060	735	325	1.1	1.6	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,560	1,155	410	1.6	2.4	0.9
$100,000 to $124,999	970	720	255	1.0	1.5	0.5
$125,000 and over	595	435	160	0.6	0.9	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	96,465	47,970	48,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,620	12,110	16,510	29.7	25.2	34.0
With employment income	67,845	35,860	31,985	70.3	74.8	66.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,165	5,075	4,095	13.5	14.1	12.8
$5,000 to $9,999	4,900	2,100	2,800	7.2	5.8	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,120	3,420	4,695	12.0	9.5	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	7,300	3,210	4,095	10.8	8.9	12.8
$30,000 to $39,999	7,550	3,640	3,910	11.1	10.1	12.2
$40,000 to $49,999	7,610	3,860	3,750	11.2	10.8	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	6,175	3,375	2,800	9.1	9.4	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,570	2,800	1,770	6.7	7.8	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,615	2,345	1,270	5.3	6.5	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,080	1,890	1,195	4.5	5.3	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,910	1,355	560	2.8	3.8	1.8
$100,000 and over	3,840	2,810	1,035	5.7	7.8	3.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,315	1,645	675	3.4	4.6	2.1
$125,000 and over	1,525	1,160	360	2.3	3.2	1.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	96,465	47,970	48,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,220	46,350	46,870	96.6	96.6	96.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,600	32,400	38,000	43,600	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,265	46,355	46,910	96.7	96.6	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	29,400	33,600	38,000	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,715	42,205	40,510	85.7	88.0	83.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	41,200	27,800	34,000	41,200	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,135	35,830	32,305	70.6	74.7	66.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,000	30,800	36,000	42,000	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,465	33,835	38,630	75.1	70.5	79.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	7,700	9,900	8,900	7,700	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,900	6,555	5,345	12.3	13.7	11.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	4,520	4,880	4,680	4,520	4,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	96,460	48,005	48,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,165	46,360	46,800	96.6	96.6	96.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,240	51,080	37,480	44,240	51,080	37,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,215	46,365	46,850	96.6	96.6	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,960	41,560	32,360	36,960	41,560	32,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,605	42,225	40,375	85.6	88.0	83.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,040	48,760	32,960	41,040	48,760	32,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,045	35,830	32,215	70.5	74.6	66.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,640	47,840	34,760	41,640	47,840	34,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,405	33,815	38,590	75.1	70.4	79.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,110	9,150	10,950	10,110	9,150	10,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,935	6,510	5,430	12.4	13.6	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,540	5,510	7,770	6,540	5,510	7,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	96,460	48,005	48,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,910	18,205	14,705	34.1	37.9	30.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	58,000	44,400	50,800	58,000	44,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,650	63,500	48,240	56,650	63,500	48,240
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,970	12,010	12,955	25.9	25.0	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	32,400	21,200	25,600	32,400	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,440	39,280	26,080	32,440	39,280	26,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.2	87.0	76.0	82.2	87.0	76.0
Employment income (%)	68.8	72.4	63.8	68.8	72.4	63.8
Government transfers (%)	17.8	13.1	24.1	17.8	13.1	24.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.5	2.4	1.9	1.5	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	52,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,125	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	52,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,300	...	...	84,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,320	...	...	44,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,320	...	...	37,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,700	...	...	103,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	700	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,115	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,090	...	...	5.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,035	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,970	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,450	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,635	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,470	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,530	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,035	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,750	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,490	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,130	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,375	...	...	31.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,175	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,100	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,105	...	...	7.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,995	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	735	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,170	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,285	...	...	6.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,550	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,435	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,040	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,090	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,900	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,290	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,655	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,390	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,755	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,265	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,130	...	...	21.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,595	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,990	...	...	5.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,545	...	...	4.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	34,025	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,400	10,490	9,910	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	40,400	32,400	36,000	40,400	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	35,600	30,000	32,400	35,600	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,970	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,900	...	...	103,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,900	...	...	75,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,200	...	...	133,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,400	...	...	110,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,400	...	...	71,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,350	...	...	62,350	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,475	10,520	9,950	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,000	46,720	39,040	43,000	46,720	39,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,320	38,520	34,040	36,320	38,520	34,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	116,090	58,075	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,960	11,785	11,170	19.8	20.3	19.3
0 to 5 years	7,730	3,960	3,770	6.7	6.8	6.5
18 to 64 years	69,435	34,850	34,580	59.8	60.0	59.6
65 years and over	23,695	11,440	12,255	20.4	19.7	21.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,180	6,080	7,095	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,225	1,125	1,095	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	810	410	395	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,315	3,150	3,165	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,640	1,805	2,835	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.4	10.5	12.2	11.4	10.5	12.2
0 to 17 years (%)	9.7	9.6	9.8	9.7	9.6	9.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.4	10.4	10.5	10.4	10.4	10.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	9.0	9.2	9.1	9.0	9.2
65 years and over (%)	19.6	15.8	23.1	19.6	15.8	23.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	116,090	58,075	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,960	11,785	11,170	19.8	20.3	19.3
0 to 5 years	7,730	3,960	3,770	6.7	6.8	6.5
18 to 64 years	69,435	34,850	34,580	59.8	60.0	59.6
65 years and over	23,695	11,440	12,255	20.4	19.7	21.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,535	1,860	1,675	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	450	225	220	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	135	65	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,700	1,455	1,245	...	...	...
65 years and over	390	175	215	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.2	2.9	3.1	3.2	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.6	1.9	1.8	1.6	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.2	3.6	3.9	4.2	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.5	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	116,085	58,075	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	68,690	33,620	35,075	59.2	57.9	60.5
In bottom decile	11,100	5,240	5,865	9.6	9.0	10.1
In second decile	13,985	6,560	7,425	12.0	11.3	12.8
In third decile	14,730	7,180	7,545	12.7	12.4	13.0
In fourth decile	14,605	7,335	7,270	12.6	12.6	12.5
In fifth decile	14,275	7,310	6,965	12.3	12.6	12.0
In top half of the distribution	47,395	24,455	22,940	40.8	42.1	39.5
In sixth decile	13,545	6,955	6,590	11.7	12.0	11.4
In seventh decile	11,910	6,095	5,820	10.3	10.5	10.0
In eighth decile	10,480	5,465	5,015	9.0	9.4	8.6
In ninth decile	7,510	3,895	3,615	6.5	6.7	6.2
In top decile	3,945	2,045	1,900	3.4	3.5	3.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	116,085	...	...	116,085	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.416	...	...	0.416	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.243	...	...	0.243	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	117,540	58,660	58,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	3,630	1,840	1,790	3.1	3.1	3.0
French only	59,395	28,425	30,965	50.5	48.5	52.6
English and French	54,305	28,265	26,045	46.2	48.2	44.2
Neither English nor French	215	135	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	117,540	58,660	58,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	11,550	5,840	5,710	9.8	10.0	9.7
French	104,360	51,965	52,400	88.8	88.6	89.0
English and French	1,440	740	700	1.2	1.3	1.2
Neither English nor French	185	120	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	117,540	58,660	58,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	114,530	57,130	57,395	97.4	97.4	97.5
Official languages	111,545	55,585	55,965	94.9	94.8	95.0
English	9,900	4,990	4,905	8.4	8.5	8.3
French	101,650	50,590	51,055	86.5	86.2	86.7
Non-official languages	2,980	1,550	1,430	2.5	2.6	2.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,965	1,545	1,420	2.5	2.6	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	350	200	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	315	180	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	310	175	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,950	1,030	925	1.7	1.8	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	305	145	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	305	145	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	235	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,150	615	540	1.0	1.0	0.9
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	730	395	335	0.6	0.7	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,015	1,530	1,485	2.6	2.6	2.5
English and French	2,460	1,225	1,235	2.1	2.1	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	150	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	117,540	58,660	58,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,700	4,440	4,255	7.4	7.6	7.2
French	97,710	48,525	49,180	83.1	82.7	83.5
Non-official language	700	380	320	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	690	375	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	8,040	4,105	3,935	6.8	7.0	6.7
English and non-official language(s)	495	255	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	865	430	430	0.7	0.7	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	990	500	490	0.8	0.9	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	117,540	58,660	58,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	114,715	57,245	57,470	97.6	97.6	97.6
Official languages	113,400	56,545	56,855	96.5	96.4	96.6
English	10,855	5,515	5,340	9.2	9.4	9.1
French	102,545	51,035	51,510	87.2	87.0	87.5
Non-official languages	1,315	705	610	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,305	695	605	1.1	1.2	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	890	480	405	0.8	0.8	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	545	310	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	410	240	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,825	1,415	1,415	2.4	2.4	2.4
English and French	2,235	1,115	1,120	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	285	150	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	117,540	58,660	58,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	109,650	54,620	55,035	93.3	93.1	93.5
English	4,360	2,285	2,080	3.7	3.9	3.5
French	2,030	1,010	1,020	1.7	1.7	1.7
Non-official language	775	375	400	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	765	375	395	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and French	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	116,140	58,175	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	115,895	58,020	57,880	99.8	99.7	99.9
English	57,875	30,305	27,565	49.8	52.1	47.6
French	112,095	56,055	56,045	96.5	96.4	96.7
Non-official languages	6,535	3,310	3,225	5.6	5.7	5.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,480	3,280	3,195	5.6	5.6	5.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	600	340	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	575	325	250	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	540	300	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	140	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	205	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,710	2,395	2,315	4.1	4.1	4.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	490	245	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	490	245	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	485	275	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	405	240	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
German	390	225	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	225	155	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	105	80	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	50	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,575	1,730	1,845	3.1	3.0	3.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	540	305	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,880	1,350	1,535	2.5	2.3	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	175	85	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,145	58,175	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,355	1,145	1,210	2.0	2.0	2.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,195	1,050	1,150	1.9	1.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,385	700	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis	755	330	420	0.7	0.6	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	140	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	113,790	57,030	56,760	98.0	98.0	97.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,145	58,175	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	445	265	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	115,700	57,915	57,785	99.6	99.6	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,050	...	...	67.0	...	...
Renter	17,265	...	...	33.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,120	...	...	7.9	...	...
Not condominium	48,190	...	...	92.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	5,835	...	...	11.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,645	...	...	33.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,140	...	...	34.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,575	...	...	20.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,360	...	...	29.4	...	...
5 rooms	9,475	...	...	18.1	...	...
6 rooms	7,025	...	...	13.4	...	...
7 rooms	6,505	...	...	12.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,950	...	...	26.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	52,140	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	175	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	51,310	...	...	98.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,005	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	13,490	...	...	25.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,815	...	...	26.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,140	...	...	11.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,745	...	...	9.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,580	...	...	4.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,415	...	...	6.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,555	...	...	6.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,570	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,905	...	...	93.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,405	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,700	...	...	54.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,650	...	...	43.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	960	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	52,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,355	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,385	...	...	14.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,400	...	...	16.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,360	...	...	16.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,290	...	...	21.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,295	...	...	17.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,980	...	...	9.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,250	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	51,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,140	...	...	85.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,440	...	...	14.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,015	...	...	13.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	52,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,140	...	...	21.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,810	...	...	13.0	...	...
Not suitable only	870	...	...	1.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,755	...	...	5.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	570	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,175	...	...	78.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,450	...	...	4.8	...	...
Not in core need	48,700	...	...	95.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,500	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.3	...	...	65.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,101	...	...	1,101	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	324,400	...	...	324,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,200	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.4	...	...	24.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	765	...	...	765	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	800	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	116,140	58,175	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,990	970	1,020	1.7	1.7	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,950	955	995	1.7	1.6	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,615	810	800	1.4	1.4	1.4
Métis single ancestry	270	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,490	1,615	1,870	3.0	2.8	3.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,480	1,610	1,865	3.0	2.8	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,220	1,490	1,725	2.8	2.6	3.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	245	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	110,660	55,590	55,070	95.3	95.6	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	116,145	58,175	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	114,715	57,415	57,305	98.8	98.7	98.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,765	11,745	11,020	19.6	20.2	19.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	91,955	45,675	46,285	79.2	78.5	79.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,420	760	665	1.2	1.3	1.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	116,145	58,175	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	111,425	55,640	55,785	95.9	95.6	96.2
Immigrants⁸¹	4,295	2,210	2,085	3.7	3.8	3.6
Before 1980	1,070	575	495	0.9	1.0	0.9
1980 to 1990	510	245	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
1991 to 2000	610	380	225	0.5	0.7	0.4
2001 to 2010	1,055	515	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,060	495	565	0.9	0.9	1.0
2011 to 2015	575	300	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
2016 to 2021	480	190	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	420	320	100	0.4	0.6	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,300	2,215	2,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	450	250	200	10.5	11.3	9.6
5 to 14 years	850	500	350	19.8	22.6	16.8
15 to 24 years	805	380	425	18.7	17.2	20.4
25 to 44 years	1,875	950	925	43.6	42.9	44.4
45 years and over	315	130	180	7.3	5.9	8.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,300	2,215	2,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	970	425	550	22.6	19.2	26.4
Brazil	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Colombia	115	45	75	2.7	2.0	3.6
El Salvador	30	15	15	0.7	0.7	0.7
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	105	55	50	2.4	2.5	2.4
Jamaica	15	10	10	0.3	0.5	0.5
Mexico	150	75	80	3.5	3.4	3.8
Peru	45	20	30	1.0	0.9	1.4
Trinidad and Tobago	35	20	15	0.8	0.9	0.7
United States of America	240	70	165	5.6	3.2	7.9
Other places of birth in Americas	215	105	105	5.0	4.7	5.0
Europe	1,800	1,015	780	41.9	45.8	37.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	615	380	235	14.3	17.2	11.3
Germany	90	55	35	2.1	2.5	1.7
Greece	35	20	15	0.8	0.9	0.7
Hungary	25	25	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Italy	115	85	30	2.7	3.8	1.4
Netherlands	40	20	20	0.9	0.9	1.0
Poland	55	25	30	1.3	1.1	1.4
Portugal	50	25	25	1.2	1.1	1.2
Romania	90	50	35	2.1	2.3	1.7
Russian Federation	35	20	20	0.8	0.9	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	85	45	45	2.0	2.0	2.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	75	80	3.6	3.4	3.8
Other places of birth in Europe	400	195	210	9.3	8.8	10.1
Africa	820	415	410	19.1	18.7	19.7
Algeria	115	50	70	2.7	2.3	3.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	1.0
Egypt	80	50	30	1.9	2.3	1.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	150	75	75	3.5	3.4	3.6
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.3	0.5	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	430	215	215	10.0	9.7	10.3
Asia	705	355	350	16.4	16.0	16.8
Afghanistan	25	15	10	0.6	0.7	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	45	35	10	1.0	1.6	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	20	15	0.8	0.9	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Turkey	35	20	15	0.8	0.9	0.7
China⁹⁰	50	25	25	1.2	1.1	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	115	20	95	2.7	0.9	4.6
Viet Nam	75	30	40	1.7	1.4	1.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	40	20	20	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pakistan	30	20	10	0.7	0.9	0.5
Sri Lanka	35	25	15	0.8	1.1	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	200	100	100	4.7	4.5	4.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	480	190	285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	95	30	65	19.8	15.8	22.8
Brazil	10	0	10	2.1	0.0	3.5
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	10	2.1	0.0	3.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	2.1	0.0	3.5
United States of America	15	10	10	3.1	5.3	3.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	20	8.3	10.5	7.0
Europe	95	60	35	19.8	31.6	12.3
France	60	35	20	12.5	18.4	7.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	2.1	5.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	15	5.2	5.3	5.3
Africa	155	65	95	32.3	34.2	33.3
Algeria	10	0	0	2.1	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	40	15	30	8.3	7.9	10.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	2.1	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	30	10	15	6.3	5.3	5.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	0	4.2	5.3	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	2.1	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	10	25	8.3	5.3	8.8
Asia	130	40	90	27.1	21.1	31.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	2.1	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	10	3.1	5.3	3.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	20	5.2	0.0	7.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	35	10	25	7.3	5.3	8.8
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	25	7.3	5.3	8.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	116,145	58,175	57,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,090	2,720	2,370	4.4	4.7	4.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,025	3,075	2,955	5.2	5.3	5.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	105,025	52,380	52,645	90.4	90.0	90.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,225	1,635	1,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,665	965	700	51.6	59.0	44.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	785	550	240	24.3	33.6	15.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	875	420	455	27.1	25.7	28.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,155	450	705	35.8	27.5	44.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	375	210	170	11.6	12.8	10.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	10	20	1.1	0.6	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,225	1,635	1,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	275	165	110	8.5	10.1	6.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	370	225	150	11.5	13.8	9.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	55	35	25	1.7	2.1	1.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	175	100	75	5.4	6.1	4.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	10	30	1.2	0.6	1.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,310	1,110	1,200	71.6	67.9	75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	116,140	58,175	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,890	2,085	1,800	3.3	3.6	3.1
South Asian	310	205	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Chinese	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black	1,400	735	665	1.2	1.3	1.1
Filipino	235	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab	460	260	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin American	755	435	330	0.7	0.7	0.6
Southeast Asian	315	135	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
West Asian	85	70	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	120	80	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	112,250	56,085	56,160	96.7	96.4	96.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	116,140	58,175	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	44,535	21,795	22,735	38.3	37.5	39.2
English	3,755	1,855	1,900	3.2	3.2	3.3
Irish	7,945	3,730	4,215	6.8	6.4	7.3
Scottish	4,500	2,145	2,355	3.9	3.7	4.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	27,945	14,175	13,770	24.1	24.4	23.8
German	2,355	1,190	1,165	2.0	2.0	2.0
Chinese	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	2,710	1,405	1,305	2.3	2.4	2.3
Indian (India)	390	195	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukrainian	315	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	575	290	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Polish	595	295	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	16,370	8,325	8,045	14.1	14.3	13.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	610	280	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Filipino	230	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
French Canadian	8,955	4,405	4,550	7.7	7.6	7.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,465	1,285	1,180	2.1	2.2	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,675	1,225	1,450	2.3	2.1	2.5
Métis	560	245	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,265	680	580	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Welsh	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	415	225	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
American	680	275	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
Spanish	690	340	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swedish	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	1,530	690	835	1.3	1.2	1.4
Pakistani	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	175	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	185	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Greek	285	180	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lebanese	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	55	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,500	760	740	1.3	1.3	1.3
Danish	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	455	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	160	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belgian	880	400	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Haitian	360	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	420	220	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	260	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Muslim	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	185	120	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	255	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Persian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	280	150	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	30	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congolese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	275	160	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guatemalan	120	95	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	70	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	165	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	305	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moldovan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	200	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	180	85	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Norman	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	116,140	58,175	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	170	55	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	82,550	40,315	42,235	71.1	69.3	72.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,050	2,620	2,425	4.3	4.5	4.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	650	300	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baptist	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	73,180	35,640	37,540	63.0	61.3	64.8
Christian Orthodox	380	220	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	450	190	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	405	190	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	615	270	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,190	570	625	1.0	1.0	1.1
Hindu	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	885	490	395	0.8	0.8	0.7
Sikh	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	280	110	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	32,020	17,055	14,965	27.6	29.3	25.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	114,875	57,445	57,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	101,465	50,890	50,575	88.3	88.6	88.1
Movers	13,415	6,555	6,865	11.7	11.4	12.0
Non-migrants	5,385	2,600	2,790	4.7	4.5	4.9
Migrants	8,025	3,950	4,075	7.0	6.9	7.1
Internal migrants	7,870	3,850	4,015	6.9	6.7	7.0
Intraprovincial migrants	7,600	3,710	3,885	6.6	6.5	6.8
Interprovincial migrants	270	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	155	105	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	109,660	54,805	54,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,780	33,510	32,265	60.0	61.1	58.8
Movers	43,885	21,290	22,590	40.0	38.8	41.2
Non-migrants	13,720	6,590	7,125	12.5	12.0	13.0
Migrants	30,165	14,700	15,465	27.5	26.8	28.2
Internal migrants	29,510	14,350	15,165	26.9	26.2	27.6
Intraprovincial migrants	28,695	13,960	14,735	26.2	25.5	26.9
Interprovincial migrants	815	390	425	0.7	0.7	0.8
External migrants	650	355	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,455	48,005	48,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,130	14,095	11,030	26.1	29.4	22.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	71,330	33,910	37,425	74.0	70.6	77.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,900	30,910	30,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,375	7,520	4,855	20.0	24.3	15.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,520	23,390	26,130	80.0	75.7	84.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,460	48,005	48,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,905	11,930	9,975	22.7	24.9	20.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,100	11,700	12,395	25.0	24.4	25.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,455	24,375	26,080	52.3	50.8	53.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,605	20,115	19,490	41.1	41.9	40.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	21,040	12,795	8,250	21.8	26.7	17.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15,425	8,270	7,155	16.0	17.2	14.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,615	4,520	1,095	5.8	9.4	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,015	6,355	9,660	16.6	13.2	19.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,545	965	1,575	2.6	2.0	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,850	4,255	6,590	11.2	8.9	13.6
Bachelor's degree	7,780	2,840	4,940	8.1	5.9	10.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,080	430	650	1.1	0.9	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235	135	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	1,590	755	840	1.6	1.6	1.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	165	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,895	30,910	30,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,160	6,070	4,095	16.4	19.6	13.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,460	6,835	6,625	21.7	22.1	21.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,275	18,005	20,270	61.8	58.2	65.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,985	15,100	14,885	48.4	48.9	48.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,405	9,750	6,650	26.5	31.5	21.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,090	6,295	5,795	19.5	20.4	18.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,315	3,455	855	7.0	11.2	2.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,760	4,640	7,115	19.0	15.0	23.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,825	710	1,120	2.9	2.3	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,285	2,905	5,375	13.4	9.4	17.3
Bachelor's degree	6,080	2,025	4,055	9.8	6.6	13.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	770	270	500	1.2	0.9	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	1,175	490	685	1.9	1.6	2.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	96,460	48,005	48,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	46,005	23,630	22,375	47.7	49.2	46.2
Education	3,935	835	3,100	4.1	1.7	6.4
13. Education	3,935	835	3,100	4.1	1.7	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,265	420	840	1.3	0.9	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	145	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,065	275	785	1.1	0.6	1.6
Humanities	2,075	795	1,280	2.2	1.7	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	170	20	150	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,275	470	810	1.3	1.0	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	120	90	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	220	75	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,605	890	2,715	3.7	1.9	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	285	70	210	0.3	0.1	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,260	100	1,160	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	585	185	405	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	570	115	460	0.6	0.2	0.9
45. Social sciences	810	385	425	0.8	0.8	0.9
Business, management and public administration	9,815	2,835	6,980	10.2	5.9	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	510	100	410	0.5	0.2	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,295	2,735	6,560	9.6	5.7	13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,365	700	665	1.4	1.5	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	285	75	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	505	335	165	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,255	765	485	1.3	1.6	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,075	705	370	1.1	1.5	0.8
25. Library science	100	15	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,320	12,420	895	13.8	25.9	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	245	155	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	905	795	110	0.9	1.7	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,585	2,305	285	2.7	4.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,345	3,230	115	3.5	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,855	3,680	175	4.0	7.7	0.4
48. Precision production	2,380	2,260	120	2.5	4.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,645	895	750	1.7	1.9	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,495	790	705	1.5	1.6	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	6,865	1,040	5,825	7.1	2.2	12.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	355	190	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,455	810	5,645	6.7	1.7	11.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,310	2,775	2,535	5.5	5.8	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,715	570	2,150	2.8	1.2	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	935	750	185	1.0	1.6	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,610	1,415	195	1.7	2.9	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,900	30,910	30,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,625	12,900	10,720	38.2	41.7	34.6
Education	2,670	485	2,185	4.3	1.6	7.1
13. Education	2,670	485	2,185	4.3	1.6	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	940	285	655	1.5	0.9	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	100	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	795	190	605	1.3	0.6	2.0
Humanities	1,255	430	830	2.0	1.4	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	10	110	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	740	240	500	1.2	0.8	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	135	30	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,835	585	2,250	4.6	1.9	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	230	55	175	0.4	0.2	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,085	65	1,020	1.8	0.2	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	430	115	315	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	440	65	380	0.7	0.2	1.2
45. Social sciences	595	265	330	1.0	0.9	1.1
Business, management and public administration	7,650	2,095	5,560	12.4	6.8	17.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	405	70	330	0.7	0.2	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,250	2,015	5,230	11.7	6.5	16.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	845	400	450	1.4	1.3	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	215	50	165	0.3	0.2	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	380	245	135	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,010	640	375	1.6	2.1	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	895	600	290	1.4	1.9	0.9
25. Library science	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,265	9,455	815	16.6	30.6	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	180	105	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	750	650	105	1.2	2.1	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,030	1,780	255	3.3	5.8	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,575	2,465	105	4.2	8.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,985	2,825	155	4.8	9.1	0.5
48. Precision production	1,745	1,630	115	2.8	5.3	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,315	695	625	2.1	2.2	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,185	600	580	1.9	1.9	1.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	5,335	795	4,530	8.6	2.6	14.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	270	140	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,025	645	4,385	8.1	2.1	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,145	2,145	1,995	6.7	6.9	6.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,110	430	1,685	3.4	1.4	5.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	740	605	135	1.2	2.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,260	1,090	170	2.0	3.5	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,900	30,910	30,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,625	12,900	10,720	38.2	41.7	34.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,275	18,010	20,265	61.8	58.3	65.4
Location of study inside Canada	36,910	17,245	19,665	59.6	55.8	63.5
Same as province or territory of residence	35,770	16,680	19,085	57.8	54.0	61.6
Different than province or territory of residence	1,145	565	575	1.8	1.8	1.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,365	760	605	2.2	2.5	2.0
Americas	360	180	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
United States of America	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	500	330	170	0.8	1.1	0.5
Belgium	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
France	270	200	75	0.4	0.6	0.2
Germany	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Africa	280	140	135	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morocco	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	220	110	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	96,460	48,005	48,455	...	...	...
In the labour force	61,075	32,070	29,010	...	...	...
Employed	57,510	30,090	27,420	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,565	1,980	1,585	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,380	15,935	19,445	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.3	66.8	59.9	63.3	66.8	59.9
Employment rate	59.6	62.7	56.6	59.6	62.7	56.6
Unemployment rate	5.8	6.2	5.5	5.8	6.2	5.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	96,460	48,005	48,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,040	15,855	19,185	36.3	33.0	39.6
Worked	61,420	32,155	29,270	63.7	67.0	60.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,835	18,810	15,025	35.1	39.2	31.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,585	13,345	14,250	28.6	27.8	29.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	42.9	41.8	42.3	42.9	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	61,080	32,070	29,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,010	530	480	1.7	1.7	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	60,065	31,540	28,525	98.3	98.3	98.3
Employee	52,725	27,020	25,705	86.3	84.3	88.6
Permanent position	45,575	23,705	21,865	74.6	73.9	75.4
Temporary position	7,155	3,315	3,840	11.7	10.3	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,155	805	1,350	3.5	2.5	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,000	2,510	2,490	8.2	7.8	8.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,345	4,520	2,825	12.0	14.1	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	61,080	32,070	29,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,010	530	480	1.7	1.7	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	60,065	31,540	28,525	98.3	98.3	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	950	685	260	1.6	2.1	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,855	2,295	6,560	14.5	7.2	22.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,000	2,225	775	4.9	6.9	2.7
3 Health occupations	4,990	720	4,260	8.2	2.2	14.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,935	1,700	5,240	11.4	5.3	18.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,080	455	630	1.8	1.4	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	14,225	6,020	8,205	23.3	18.8	28.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,235	13,100	1,135	23.3	40.8	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,060	1,540	520	3.4	4.8	1.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,745	2,800	945	6.1	8.7	3.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	61,080	32,070	29,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,010	530	480	1.7	1.7	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	60,065	31,540	28,525	98.3	98.3	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,090	1,425	665	3.4	4.4	2.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	250	210	35	0.4	0.7	0.1
22 Utilities	740	600	140	1.2	1.9	0.5
23 Construction	5,890	5,165	725	9.6	16.1	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	7,340	5,310	2,030	12.0	16.6	7.0
41 Wholesale trade	2,385	1,665	715	3.9	5.2	2.5
44-45 Retail trade	7,460	3,385	4,070	12.2	10.6	14.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,160	3,015	1,145	6.8	9.4	3.9
51 Information and cultural industries	590	365	220	1.0	1.1	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,365	415	950	2.2	1.3	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	590	345	240	1.0	1.1	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,620	1,180	1,435	4.3	3.7	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,365	1,485	880	3.9	4.6	3.0
61 Educational services	4,040	1,015	3,025	6.6	3.2	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	9,015	1,310	7,705	14.8	4.1	26.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	705	400	305	1.2	1.2	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,645	1,065	1,575	4.3	3.3	5.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,085	1,610	1,475	5.1	5.0	5.1
91 Public administration	2,705	1,550	1,165	4.4	4.8	4.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,205	33,995	31,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,170	1,840	1,335	4.9	5.4	4.3
French	43,780	22,780	21,005	67.1	67.0	67.3
Non-official language	115	100	15	0.2	0.3	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	115	100	15	0.2	0.3	0.0
English and French	17,765	9,090	8,680	27.2	26.7	27.8
English and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	230	110	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,205	33,995	31,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,660	32,180	29,485	94.6	94.7	94.5
Official languages	61,470	32,035	29,435	94.3	94.2	94.3
English	6,245	3,405	2,840	9.6	10.0	9.1
French	55,225	28,635	26,595	84.7	84.2	85.2
Non-official languages	190	145	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	145	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	145	130	15	0.2	0.4	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	105	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	115	105	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,545	1,820	1,725	5.4	5.4	5.5
English and French	3,515	1,805	1,710	5.4	5.3	5.5
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,205	33,995	31,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,570	26,510	24,060	77.6	78.0	77.1
English	11,315	5,785	5,530	17.4	17.0	17.7
French	3,025	1,550	1,475	4.6	4.6	4.7
Non-official language	110	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	105	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,510	30,090	27,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,180	3,375	3,805	12.5	11.2	13.9
Worked outside Canada	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,430	5,675	1,750	12.9	18.9	6.4
Usual place of work	42,830	20,995	21,840	74.5	69.8	79.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	42,830	20,995	21,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,730	6,290	7,440	32.1	30.0	34.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,040	4,615	5,425	23.4	22.0	24.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	18,760	9,920	8,840	43.8	47.2	40.5
Commute to a different province or territory	295	165	130	0.7	0.8	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	50,260	26,670	23,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	47,260	25,235	22,025	94.0	94.6	93.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	45,200	24,265	20,925	89.9	91.0	88.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,060	970	1,095	4.1	3.6	4.6
Public transit	370	165	210	0.7	0.6	0.9
Walked	1,780	780	995	3.5	2.9	4.2
Bicycle	305	255	50	0.6	1.0	0.2
Other method	540	235	305	1.1	0.9	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	50,260	26,670	23,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,170	7,605	8,565	32.2	28.5	36.3
15 to 29 minutes	17,325	8,755	8,575	34.5	32.8	36.4
30 to 44 minutes	9,235	5,265	3,975	18.4	19.7	16.9
45 to 59 minutes	4,440	2,910	1,535	8.8	10.9	6.5
60 minutes and over	3,080	2,130	950	6.1	8.0	4.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	50,260	26,670	23,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,325	4,235	1,090	10.6	15.9	4.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,490	6,905	3,590	20.9	25.9	15.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,495	6,835	7,660	28.8	25.6	32.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,400	2,920	5,480	16.7	10.9	23.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,790	1,315	2,475	7.5	4.9	10.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,760	4,465	3,290	15.4	16.7	13.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,350	12,010	11,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,215	2,195	2,020	18.1	18.3	17.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,130	9,815	9,315	81.9	81.7	82.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,500	8,490	8,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,960	1,540	1,420	17.9	18.1	17.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,240	1,155	1,085	13.6	13.6	13.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	720	385	340	4.4	4.5	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,540	6,950	6,590	82.1	81.9	82.3

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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