Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	BeauceMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	111,034	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	108,746	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,239	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	48,360	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	27.1	...	...	27.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4,100.97	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,030	56,530	54,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,835	10,240	9,595	17.9	18.1	17.6
0 to 4 years	5,940	3,065	2,875	5.3	5.4	5.3
5 to 9 years	6,945	3,535	3,410	6.3	6.3	6.3
10 to 14 years	6,955	3,635	3,315	6.3	6.4	6.1
15 to 64 years	66,975	34,610	32,365	60.3	61.2	59.4
15 to 19 years	5,830	2,965	2,865	5.3	5.2	5.3
20 to 24 years	5,095	2,650	2,450	4.6	4.7	4.5
25 to 29 years	5,725	2,930	2,800	5.2	5.2	5.1
30 to 34 years	6,400	3,350	3,055	5.8	5.9	5.6
35 to 39 years	6,995	3,645	3,350	6.3	6.4	6.1
40 to 44 years	7,445	3,885	3,560	6.7	6.9	6.5
45 to 49 years	6,290	3,310	2,980	5.7	5.9	5.5
50 to 54 years	6,430	3,375	3,055	5.8	6.0	5.6
55 to 59 years	8,140	4,195	3,945	7.3	7.4	7.2
60 to 64 years	8,615	4,305	4,305	7.8	7.6	7.9
65 years and over	24,225	11,680	12,545	21.8	20.7	23.0
65 to 69 years	7,715	3,940	3,770	6.9	7.0	6.9
70 to 74 years	6,440	3,255	3,185	5.8	5.8	5.8
75 to 79 years	4,505	2,210	2,295	4.1	3.9	4.2
80 to 84 years	2,805	1,310	1,490	2.5	2.3	2.7
85 years and over	2,770	965	1,805	2.5	1.7	3.3
85 to 89 years	1,665	595	1,065	1.5	1.1	2.0
90 to 94 years	825	285	535	0.7	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	265	75	185	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.9	18.1	17.6	17.9	18.1	17.6
15 to 64 years	60.3	61.2	59.4	60.3	61.2	59.4
65 years and over	21.8	20.7	23.0	21.8	20.7	23.0
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.3	2.5	1.7	3.3
Average age of the population	43.0	42.3	43.6	43.0	42.3	43.6
Median age of the population	43.6	43.2	44.4	43.6	43.2	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	33,880	...	...	70.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,915	...	...	8.1	...	...
Row house	555	...	...	1.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,655	...	...	3.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,500	...	...	15.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	360	...	...	0.7	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,235	...	...	33.6	...	...
2 persons	17,590	...	...	36.4	...	...
3 persons	5,645	...	...	11.7	...	...
4 persons	5,695	...	...	11.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,200	...	...	6.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	108,415	55,450	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	91,200	46,290	44,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,970	27,595	27,375	60.3	59.6	61.0
Married	29,930	15,100	14,825	32.8	32.6	33.0
Living common-law	25,045	12,495	12,545	27.5	27.0	27.9
Living common law - Never married	20,870	10,410	10,460	22.9	22.5	23.3
Living common law - Separated	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,480	1,780	1,700	3.8	3.8	3.8
Living common law - Widowed	505	220	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	36,230	18,695	17,530	39.7	40.4	39.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,260	14,135	10,130	26.6	30.5	22.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,025	535	485	1.1	1.2	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,600	2,725	2,880	6.1	5.9	6.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,345	1,305	4,035	5.9	2.8	9.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,150	...	...	55.0	...	...
3 persons	5,505	...	...	17.7	...	...
4 persons	5,580	...	...	17.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,955	...	...	9.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,925	...	...	86.3	...	...
Married couples	14,410	...	...	46.2	...	...
With children⁶	4,905	...	...	15.7	...	...
Without children	9,505	...	...	30.5	...	...
Common-law couples	12,515	...	...	40.1	...	...
With children⁶	7,200	...	...	23.1	...	...
Without children	5,320	...	...	17.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,260	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,885	...	...	9.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,375	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	108,415	55,450	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	88,905	44,725	44,175	82.0	80.7	83.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,855	26,910	26,945	49.7	48.5	50.9
Parents in one-parent families	4,260	1,370	2,885	3.9	2.5	5.4
Children⁶	30,795	16,445	14,345	28.4	29.7	27.1
In a two-parent family	23,900	12,610	11,295	22.0	22.7	21.3
In a one-parent family	6,895	3,840	3,055	6.4	6.9	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,515	10,720	8,790	18.0	19.3	16.6
Living alone	16,235	8,790	7,445	15.0	15.9	14.1
Living with other relatives⁷	1,235	635	600	1.1	1.1	1.1
Living with non-relatives only	2,045	1,295	745	1.9	2.3	1.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,290	...	...	62.6	...	...
Couple-family households	26,370	...	...	54.5	...	...
With children⁶	11,840	...	...	24.5	...	...
Without children	14,530	...	...	30.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,915	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	430	...	...	0.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,100	...	...	2.3	...	...
One-person households	16,230	...	...	33.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	88,600	45,220	43,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,510	44,705	42,805	98.8	98.9	98.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	45,600	35,200	40,800	45,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,525	44,710	42,815	98.8	98.9	98.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,600	32,000	36,000	39,600	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,650	41,945	38,700	91.0	92.8	89.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	39,600	25,200	32,400	39,600	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,315	35,355	29,965	73.7	78.2	69.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,800	28,600	35,200	40,800	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,355	37,290	38,060	85.1	82.5	87.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	8,800	12,500	10,800	8,800	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,425	6,855	5,570	14.0	15.2	12.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,920	4,680	5,120	4,920	4,680	5,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,190	14,970	12,225	30.7	33.1	28.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	4,520	6,000	5,480	4,520	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	88,575	45,235	43,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,485	44,710	42,775	98.8	98.8	98.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	51,400	40,600	46,120	51,400	40,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,500	44,715	42,785	98.8	98.9	98.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,920	42,320	35,400	38,920	42,320	35,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,635	41,930	38,705	91.0	92.7	89.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,760	45,240	31,760	38,760	45,240	31,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,315	35,375	29,940	73.7	78.2	69.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,880	44,480	34,440	39,880	44,480	34,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,155	37,095	38,055	84.8	82.0	87.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,100	10,830	13,360	12,100	10,830	13,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,350	6,770	5,580	13.9	15.0	12.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,350	5,590	7,270	6,350	5,590	7,270
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,250	15,145	12,100	30.8	33.5	27.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,380	5,875	7,010	6,380	5,875	7,010
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	88,580	45,235	43,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,320	18,720	13,600	36.5	41.4	31.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	53,200	45,600	50,400	53,200	45,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,400	60,100	51,300	56,400	60,100	51,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,340	12,760	13,585	29.7	28.2	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	25,800	16,800	19,800	25,800	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,880	31,760	22,280	26,880	31,760	22,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	82.6	70.8	77.4	82.6	70.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.6	68.4	59.3	64.6	68.4	59.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.6	17.5	29.3	22.6	17.5	29.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.3	1.9	1.7	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.5	6.1	5.2	4.5	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.9	4.9	4.3	3.9	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	88,595	45,220	43,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,090	515	570	1.2	1.1	1.3
With total income	87,510	44,700	42,805	98.8	98.9	98.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,695	1,890	2,800	5.4	4.2	6.5
$10,000 to $19,999	11,345	4,425	6,925	13.0	9.9	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	14,865	6,785	8,085	17.0	15.2	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	11,920	5,325	6,595	13.6	11.9	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	12,945	6,855	6,090	14.8	15.3	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	10,840	6,200	4,640	12.4	13.9	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	7,265	4,505	2,760	8.3	10.1	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,780	3,110	1,670	5.5	7.0	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,225	1,930	1,290	3.7	4.3	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,815	1,090	730	2.1	2.4	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,805	2,590	1,220	4.3	5.8	2.9
$100,000 to $149,999	2,780	1,860	915	3.2	4.2	2.1
$150,000 and over	1,030	730	305	1.2	1.6	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	88,595	45,220	43,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,075	515	565	1.2	1.1	1.3
With after-tax income	87,525	44,710	42,815	98.8	98.9	98.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,995	1,995	3,005	5.7	4.5	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,925	4,710	7,220	13.6	10.5	16.9
$20,000 to $29,999	17,175	7,830	9,340	19.6	17.5	21.8
$30,000 to $39,999	16,370	8,115	8,250	18.7	18.2	19.3
$40,000 to $49,999	15,380	8,905	6,475	17.6	19.9	15.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,850	6,010	3,835	11.3	13.4	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,520	3,295	2,225	6.3	7.4	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,795	1,560	1,240	3.2	3.5	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,370	825	540	1.6	1.8	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	700	455	245	0.8	1.0	0.6
$100,000 and over	1,435	1,005	430	1.6	2.2	1.0
$100,000 to $124,999	785	535	250	0.9	1.2	0.6
$125,000 and over	650	470	180	0.7	1.1	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	88,595	45,220	43,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,280	9,865	13,415	26.3	21.8	30.9
With employment income	65,320	35,355	29,965	73.7	78.2	69.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,815	4,200	3,620	12.0	11.9	12.1
$5,000 to $9,999	5,155	2,205	2,950	7.9	6.2	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,405	3,590	4,810	12.9	10.2	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	7,215	3,085	4,130	11.0	8.7	13.8
$30,000 to $39,999	8,165	4,150	4,015	12.5	11.7	13.4
$40,000 to $49,999	8,340	4,740	3,600	12.8	13.4	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,665	4,315	2,350	10.2	12.2	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,575	3,230	1,350	7.0	9.1	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,160	2,095	1,060	4.8	5.9	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,210	1,280	935	3.4	3.6	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,150	745	405	1.8	2.1	1.4
$100,000 and over	2,465	1,725	740	3.8	4.9	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,355	925	430	2.1	2.6	1.4
$125,000 and over	1,110	800	310	1.7	2.3	1.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	88,600	45,220	43,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,520	44,190	42,330	97.7	97.7	97.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	32,400	38,000	44,000	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,540	44,190	42,350	97.7	97.7	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,000	29,600	34,000	38,000	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,410	41,380	38,035	89.6	91.5	87.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,800	26,600	33,200	40,800	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,730	35,450	30,275	74.2	78.4	69.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,600	29,000	35,200	41,600	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,005	32,085	34,925	75.6	71.0	80.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,700	6,650	10,100	8,700	6,650	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,280	6,740	5,545	13.9	14.9	12.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,000	3,880	4,160	4,000	3,880	4,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	88,575	45,235	43,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,560	44,200	42,360	97.7	97.7	97.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,440	48,960	37,680	43,440	48,960	37,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,595	44,200	42,385	97.8	97.7	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,720	40,400	32,840	36,720	40,400	32,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,455	41,370	38,080	89.7	91.5	87.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,040	45,640	31,840	39,040	45,640	31,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,790	35,475	30,315	74.3	78.4	69.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,280	44,040	33,680	39,280	44,040	33,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,625	31,790	34,835	75.2	70.3	80.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,910	8,700	11,010	9,910	8,700	11,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,185	6,595	5,590	13.8	14.6	12.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,935	4,932	7,110	5,935	4,932	7,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	88,580	45,235	43,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,180	18,665	13,520	36.3	41.3	31.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	52,000	42,800	48,000	52,000	42,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,150	57,050	47,720	53,150	57,050	47,720
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,290	12,220	13,075	28.6	27.0	30.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	30,800	19,800	23,800	30,800	19,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,960	35,240	25,000	29,960	35,240	25,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.4	87.2	76.0	82.4	87.2	76.0
Employment income (%)	68.6	72.2	63.9	68.6	72.2	63.9
Government transfers (%)	17.6	12.8	24.0	17.6	12.8	24.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.5	2.5	1.9	1.5	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	48,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,125	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,520	...	...	42,520	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,520	...	...	36,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,500	...	...	87,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	290	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	505	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,035	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,935	...	...	6.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,885	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,730	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,535	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,665	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,380	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,435	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,725	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,365	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,225	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,930	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,545	...	...	30.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,895	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,675	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,320	...	...	6.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,655	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	325	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	535	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,095	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,100	...	...	6.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,265	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,345	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,265	...	...	6.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,130	...	...	6.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,675	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,770	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,175	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,925	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,605	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,135	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,835	...	...	20.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,105	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,540	...	...	5.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,195	...	...	4.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,135	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,275	10,085	8,195	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	42,400	32,000	37,600	42,400	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	36,800	29,800	33,600	36,800	29,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,200	...	...	104,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,600	...	...	87,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,300	...	...	85,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,400	...	...	72,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,600	...	...	138,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,600	...	...	114,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,255	10,050	8,200	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,960	45,400	37,720	41,960	45,400	37,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,040	38,280	33,280	36,040	38,280	33,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	108,420	55,450	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,460	12,080	11,380	21.6	21.8	21.5
0 to 5 years	7,230	3,750	3,480	6.7	6.8	6.6
18 to 64 years	62,950	32,495	30,450	58.1	58.6	57.5
65 years and over	22,005	10,870	11,135	20.3	19.6	21.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,415	5,405	6,010	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,630	860	770	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	530	280	245	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,815	2,430	2,395	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,970	2,120	2,850	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.5	9.8	11.4	10.5	9.8	11.4
0 to 17 years (%)	6.9	7.1	6.8	6.9	7.1	6.8
0 to 5 years (%)	7.3	7.6	7.0	7.3	7.6	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7	7.5	7.9	7.7	7.5	7.9
65 years and over (%)	22.6	19.5	25.6	22.6	19.5	25.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	108,415	55,450	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,465	12,080	11,385	21.6	21.8	21.5
0 to 5 years	7,230	3,750	3,480	6.7	6.8	6.6
18 to 64 years	62,945	32,500	30,450	58.1	58.6	57.5
65 years and over	22,010	10,875	11,130	20.3	19.6	21.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,130	1,170	960	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	255	135	115	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	75	40	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,660	935	725	...	...	...
65 years and over	215	100	120	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0	2.1	1.8	2.0	2.1	1.8
0 to 17 years (%)	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0
0 to 5 years (%)	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.9	2.4	2.6	2.9	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	108,420	55,450	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	65,490	33,045	32,445	60.4	59.6	61.3
In bottom decile	8,770	4,195	4,570	8.1	7.6	8.6
In second decile	13,020	6,280	6,740	12.0	11.3	12.7
In third decile	13,980	7,045	6,935	12.9	12.7	13.1
In fourth decile	14,880	7,725	7,155	13.7	13.9	13.5
In fifth decile	14,845	7,805	7,040	13.7	14.1	13.3
In top half of the distribution	42,925	22,405	20,525	39.6	40.4	38.7
In sixth decile	13,435	6,995	6,445	12.4	12.6	12.2
In seventh decile	11,630	6,075	5,560	10.7	11.0	10.5
In eighth decile	8,750	4,575	4,180	8.1	8.3	7.9
In ninth decile	5,775	3,030	2,740	5.3	5.5	5.2
In top decile	3,335	1,735	1,600	3.1	3.1	3.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	108,415	...	...	108,415	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.404	...	...	0.404	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.237	...	...	0.237	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	109,675	55,915	53,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	190	125	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
French only	82,150	40,635	41,520	74.9	72.7	77.2
English and French	27,010	14,920	12,090	24.6	26.7	22.5
Neither English nor French	320	240	75	0.3	0.4	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	109,675	55,915	53,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	950	505	445	0.9	0.9	0.8
French	108,125	55,010	53,115	98.6	98.4	98.8
English and French	300	170	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Neither English nor French	305	230	75	0.3	0.4	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	109,675	55,915	53,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,045	55,575	53,470	99.4	99.4	99.5
Official languages	107,400	54,515	52,880	97.9	97.5	98.4
English	835	420	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
French	106,560	54,095	52,465	97.2	96.7	97.6
Non-official languages	1,645	1,060	585	1.5	1.9	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,640	1,055	585	1.5	1.9	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	125	95	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Merina	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,095	720	375	1.0	1.3	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,025	685	340	0.9	1.2	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	925	635	290	0.8	1.1	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	625	335	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	420	225	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	109,675	55,915	53,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	315	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	105,380	53,425	51,955	96.1	95.5	96.6
Non-official language	620	445	170	0.6	0.8	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	620	445	170	0.6	0.8	0.3
English and French	2,130	1,175	950	1.9	2.1	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	820	465	355	0.7	0.8	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	340	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	109,675	55,915	53,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,020	55,555	53,465	99.4	99.4	99.5
Official languages	108,020	54,865	53,160	98.5	98.1	98.9
English	510	275	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
French	107,515	54,595	52,920	98.0	97.6	98.4
Non-official languages	1,000	690	305	0.9	1.2	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,000	690	305	0.9	1.2	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	60	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	55	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	735	515	220	0.7	0.9	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	725	510	215	0.7	0.9	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	680	490	195	0.6	0.9	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	650	355	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	360	195	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	215	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	109,675	55,915	53,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	106,885	54,355	52,530	97.5	97.2	97.7
English	1,690	955	735	1.5	1.7	1.4
French	430	250	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	410	220	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	410	220	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	108,420	55,450	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,180	55,285	52,900	99.8	99.7	99.9
English	27,215	14,955	12,260	25.1	27.0	23.1
French	108,000	55,165	52,835	99.6	99.5	99.7
Non-official languages	3,955	2,100	1,855	3.6	3.8	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,935	2,095	1,845	3.6	3.8	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	320	185	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	310	175	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	300	170	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	185	170	20	0.2	0.3	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	75	65	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Merina	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	45	45	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	105	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,050	1,515	1,540	2.8	2.7	2.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,870	1,400	1,470	2.6	2.5	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,720	1,335	1,390	2.5	2.4	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	108,420	55,450	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,590	795	790	1.5	1.4	1.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,425	710	715	1.3	1.3	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	910	430	475	0.8	0.8	0.9
Métis	480	260	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	106,830	54,655	52,175	98.5	98.6	98.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	108,420	55,450	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	315	145	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	108,100	55,305	52,800	99.7	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,030	...	...	72.4	...	...
Renter	13,325	...	...	27.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,770	...	...	7.8	...	...
Not condominium	44,585	...	...	92.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	4,275	...	...	8.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,050	...	...	27.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,290	...	...	37.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,625	...	...	26.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,800	...	...	24.4	...	...
5 rooms	8,210	...	...	17.0	...	...
6 rooms	7,720	...	...	16.0	...	...
7 rooms	6,790	...	...	14.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,835	...	...	28.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,190	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,760	...	...	98.8	...	...
Not suitable	605	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,325	...	...	23.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,675	...	...	26.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,580	...	...	13.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,565	...	...	11.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,590	...	...	5.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,180	...	...	6.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,165	...	...	6.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,290	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,305	...	...	95.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,060	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,565	...	...	57.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,270	...	...	41.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	525	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,270	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,275	...	...	13.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,415	...	...	17.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,640	...	...	15.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,045	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,940	...	...	18.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,515	...	...	9.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,260	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,360	...	...	91.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,000	...	...	8.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,670	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,415	...	...	13.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,805	...	...	7.9	...	...
Not suitable only	550	...	...	1.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,820	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,945	...	...	86.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	47,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,015	...	...	2.2	...	...
Not in core need	46,020	...	...	97.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,245	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.9	...	...	53.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	740	...	...	740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	863	...	...	863	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	190,000	...	...	190,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	207,200	...	...	207,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,245	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.8	...	...	16.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	604	...	...	604	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	652	...	...	652	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	108,415	55,450	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,380	1,140	1,235	2.2	2.1	2.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,370	1,130	1,235	2.2	2.0	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,110	995	1,115	1.9	1.8	2.1
Métis single ancestry	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,560	690	870	1.4	1.2	1.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,560	690	870	1.4	1.2	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,435	635	800	1.3	1.1	1.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	104,480	53,615	50,860	96.4	96.7	96.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	108,415	55,450	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	106,310	54,085	52,220	98.1	97.5	98.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,245	11,940	11,305	21.4	21.5	21.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,065	42,150	40,915	76.6	76.0	77.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,110	1,360	745	1.9	2.5	1.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	108,415	55,450	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	105,360	53,590	51,765	97.2	96.6	97.7
Immigrants⁸¹	1,600	820	780	1.5	1.5	1.5
Before 1980	330	195	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	130	35	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
1991 to 2000	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
2001 to 2010	345	195	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	675	355	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
2011 to 2015	240	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
2016 to 2021	435	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,460	1,040	420	1.3	1.9	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,600	820	780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	280	145	135	17.5	17.7	17.3
5 to 14 years	270	130	140	16.9	15.9	17.9
15 to 24 years	195	85	105	12.2	10.4	13.5
25 to 44 years	785	435	355	49.1	53.0	45.5
45 years and over	75	25	50	4.7	3.0	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,600	820	780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	715	335	380	44.7	40.9	48.7
Brazil	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Colombia	135	70	65	8.4	8.5	8.3
El Salvador	15	10	10	0.9	1.2	1.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	100	40	60	6.3	4.9	7.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	65	25	45	4.1	3.0	5.8
Peru	35	10	20	2.2	1.2	2.6
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	255	125	125	15.9	15.2	16.0
Other places of birth in Americas	95	50	45	5.9	6.1	5.8
Europe	455	270	190	28.4	32.9	24.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	280	165	115	17.5	20.1	14.7
Germany	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Greece	15	10	0	0.9	1.2	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.3
Romania	15	10	0	0.9	1.2	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	0.9	1.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	90	50	45	5.6	6.1	5.8
Africa	335	170	165	20.9	20.7	21.2
Algeria	15	10	0	0.9	1.2	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	0	0.9	1.2	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	50	35	10	3.1	4.3	1.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	240	110	130	15.0	13.4	16.7
Asia	85	40	45	5.3	4.9	5.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.3
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	20	0	1.6	2.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	435	215	225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	115	60	55	26.4	27.9	24.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	0	2.3	0.0	0.0
Haiti	45	15	30	10.3	7.0	13.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	15	15	8.0	7.0	6.7
United States of America	10	10	0	2.3	4.7	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	20	0	4.6	9.3	0.0
Europe	115	65	45	26.4	30.2	20.0
France	95	60	35	21.8	27.9	15.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	15	5.7	4.7	6.7
Africa	180	75	100	41.4	34.9	44.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	35	10	20	8.0	4.7	8.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	20	15	0	4.6	7.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	10	4.6	4.7	4.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	40	15	30	9.2	7.0	13.3
Other places of birth in Africa	60	25	35	13.8	11.6	15.6
Asia	25	0	20	5.7	0.0	8.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	108,420	55,450	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,510	2,075	1,435	3.2	3.7	2.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,010	1,075	935	1.9	1.9	1.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	102,895	52,300	50,595	94.9	94.3	95.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,265	630	640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	745	390	350	58.9	61.9	54.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	400	250	145	31.6	39.7	22.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	345	140	205	27.3	22.2	32.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	425	180	250	33.6	28.6	39.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	90	55	35	7.1	8.7	5.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,265	630	640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	25	20	3.6	4.0	3.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	185	105	85	14.6	16.7	13.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	55	30	25	4.3	4.8	3.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	145	85	65	11.5	13.5	10.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	825	385	440	65.2	61.1	68.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	108,420	55,450	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,290	1,410	885	2.1	2.5	1.7
South Asian	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black	680	390	290	0.6	0.7	0.5
Filipino	105	95	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Arab	300	175	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin American	885	575	310	0.8	1.0	0.6
Southeast Asian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	106,125	54,045	52,080	97.9	97.5	98.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	108,420	55,450	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	49,255	24,840	24,415	45.4	44.8	46.1
English	565	285	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Irish	2,745	1,395	1,355	2.5	2.5	2.6
Scottish	400	175	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	23,735	12,255	11,480	21.9	22.1	21.7
German	340	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italian	430	250	185	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indian (India)	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Polish	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Québécois	15,030	7,670	7,365	13.9	13.8	13.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Filipino	100	90	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
French Canadian	12,125	6,125	6,010	11.2	11.0	11.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,235	1,180	1,055	2.1	2.1	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,370	610	760	1.3	1.1	1.4
Métis	345	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	675	350	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	265	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
American	470	250	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Spanish	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	640	335	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,925	990	930	1.8	1.8	1.8
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	225	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	75	65	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	125	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	330	220	120	0.3	0.4	0.2
Moroccan	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	330	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	180	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	60	60	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	890	430	465	0.8	0.8	0.9
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	205	80	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	255	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	75	70	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	110	80	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	108,415	55,450	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	90,290	45,695	44,590	83.3	82.4	84.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,845	3,370	3,475	6.3	6.1	6.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	410	215	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	81,780	41,495	40,290	75.4	74.8	76.1
Christian Orthodox	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	375	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
United Church	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	425	240	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindu	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	400	245	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	175	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	17,460	9,390	8,070	16.1	16.9	15.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	107,370	54,880	52,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,440	50,330	48,105	91.7	91.7	91.7
Movers	8,930	4,550	4,380	8.3	8.3	8.3
Non-migrants	4,375	2,225	2,155	4.1	4.1	4.1
Migrants	4,550	2,325	2,230	4.2	4.2	4.2
Internal migrants	4,260	2,140	2,120	4.0	3.9	4.0
Intraprovincial migrants	4,150	2,090	2,055	3.9	3.8	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	295	185	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,535	52,450	50,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	72,645	37,315	35,325	70.8	71.1	70.5
Movers	29,890	15,130	14,765	29.2	28.8	29.5
Non-migrants	10,850	5,605	5,245	10.6	10.7	10.5
Migrants	19,045	9,525	9,520	18.6	18.2	19.0
Internal migrants	17,535	8,475	9,060	17.1	16.2	18.1
Intraprovincial migrants	17,170	8,300	8,875	16.7	15.8	17.7
Interprovincial migrants	360	175	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
External migrants	1,505	1,050	465	1.5	2.0	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,580	45,235	43,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	24,275	13,985	10,290	27.4	30.9	23.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	64,305	31,255	33,050	72.6	69.1	76.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,770	28,760	27,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,495	6,795	3,700	18.8	23.6	13.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	45,275	21,970	23,310	81.2	76.4	86.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,575	45,235	43,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,460	11,830	9,630	24.2	26.2	22.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,680	9,810	9,870	22.2	21.7	22.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,435	23,595	23,845	53.6	52.2	55.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,375	19,550	17,830	42.2	43.2	41.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,265	12,515	7,750	22.9	27.7	17.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,855	8,090	6,760	16.8	17.9	15.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,410	4,420	990	6.1	9.8	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,920	6,230	8,690	16.8	13.8	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,195	805	1,395	2.5	1.8	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,060	4,050	6,010	11.4	9.0	13.9
Bachelor's degree	7,490	3,060	4,425	8.5	6.8	10.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	935	365	570	1.1	0.8	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	110	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	1,200	415	785	1.4	0.9	1.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,770	28,765	27,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,525	5,345	3,185	15.3	18.6	11.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,740	5,795	4,940	19.3	20.1	18.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,505	17,620	18,885	65.5	61.3	69.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,345	14,605	13,740	50.8	50.8	50.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,040	9,605	6,440	28.8	33.4	23.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,010	6,305	5,705	21.5	21.9	21.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,035	3,295	740	7.2	11.5	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,890	4,470	6,415	19.5	15.5	23.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,410	530	880	2.5	1.8	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,160	3,015	5,145	14.6	10.5	19.1
Bachelor's degree	6,040	2,330	3,715	10.8	8.1	13.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	765	255	505	1.4	0.9	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	80	125	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	1,000	285	720	1.8	1.0	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	140	60	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	88,575	45,235	43,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,140	21,640	19,500	46.4	47.8	45.0
Education	4,225	990	3,240	4.8	2.2	7.5
13. Education	4,225	990	3,240	4.8	2.2	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,095	410	685	1.2	0.9	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	315	190	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	780	220	555	0.9	0.5	1.3
Humanities	1,670	780	890	1.9	1.7	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	30	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,040	500	540	1.2	1.1	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	95	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	210	75	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,425	545	1,880	2.7	1.2	4.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	240	85	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	980	25	945	1.1	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	365	135	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	400	50	350	0.5	0.1	0.8
45. Social sciences	360	225	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
Business, management and public administration	10,335	2,895	7,440	11.7	6.4	17.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	575	65	510	0.6	0.1	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,760	2,835	6,925	11.0	6.3	16.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	850	435	420	1.0	1.0	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	200	70	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	145	110	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,115	725	385	1.3	1.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	970	660	310	1.1	1.5	0.7
25. Library science	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,265	12,345	920	15.0	27.3	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	230	135	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	910	800	110	1.0	1.8	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,260	1,910	350	2.6	4.2	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,725	3,610	115	4.2	8.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,140	3,045	95	3.5	6.7	0.2
48. Precision production	2,990	2,850	150	3.4	6.3	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,215	1,535	685	2.5	3.4	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,785	1,165	620	2.0	2.6	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	430	370	65	0.5	0.8	0.1
Health and related fields	5,895	955	4,940	6.7	2.1	11.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	330	175	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,495	755	4,745	6.2	1.7	10.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,335	1,980	2,355	4.9	4.4	5.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,565	475	2,090	2.9	1.1	4.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	550	400	150	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,185	1,080	110	1.3	2.4	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,770	28,760	27,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,270	11,145	8,125	34.6	38.8	30.1
Education	2,940	590	2,345	5.3	2.1	8.7
13. Education	2,940	590	2,345	5.3	2.1	8.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	860	315	545	1.5	1.1	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	240	135	105	0.4	0.5	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	620	175	440	1.1	0.6	1.6
Humanities	950	415	535	1.7	1.4	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	20	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	580	275	300	1.0	1.0	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,935	365	1,570	3.5	1.3	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	70	135	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	840	20	815	1.5	0.1	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	285	70	215	0.5	0.2	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	295	30	265	0.5	0.1	1.0
45. Social sciences	280	170	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
Business, management and public administration	8,315	2,140	6,175	14.9	7.4	22.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	480	45	430	0.9	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,835	2,100	5,745	14.0	7.3	21.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	465	235	230	0.8	0.8	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160	55	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	120	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	960	635	325	1.7	2.2	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	865	590	275	1.6	2.1	1.0
25. Library science	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,330	9,545	785	18.5	33.2	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	190	115	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	820	715	100	1.5	2.5	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,725	1,420	305	3.1	4.9	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,670	2,590	75	4.8	9.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,500	2,420	80	4.5	8.4	0.3
48. Precision production	2,425	2,280	145	4.3	7.9	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,725	1,165	555	3.1	4.1	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,455	950	505	2.6	3.3	1.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	270	215	55	0.5	0.7	0.2
Health and related fields	4,575	715	3,855	8.2	2.5	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	270	135	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,245	560	3,690	7.6	1.9	13.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,440	1,490	1,950	6.2	5.2	7.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,030	290	1,740	3.6	1.0	6.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	430	320	115	0.8	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	965	875	90	1.7	3.0	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,770	28,760	27,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,270	11,145	8,125	34.6	38.8	30.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,500	17,620	18,885	65.4	61.3	69.9
Location of study inside Canada	35,230	16,750	18,480	63.2	58.2	68.4
Same as province or territory of residence	34,810	16,525	18,285	62.4	57.5	67.7
Different than province or territory of residence	425	230	195	0.8	0.8	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,270	870	405	2.3	3.0	1.5
Americas	520	365	155	0.9	1.3	0.6
United States of America	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	210	150	65	0.4	0.5	0.2
Peru	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	135	115	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
Europe	370	230	145	0.7	0.8	0.5
Belgium	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	305	185	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Germany	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	325	230	90	0.6	0.8	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	125	95	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	170	110	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Asia	55	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	88,575	45,235	43,340	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,945	31,895	27,050	...	...	...
Employed	56,005	30,515	25,495	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,940	1,375	1,565	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,630	13,345	16,285	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.5	70.5	62.4	66.5	70.5	62.4
Employment rate	63.2	67.5	58.8	63.2	67.5	58.8
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.3	5.8	5.0	4.3	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	88,575	45,235	43,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,340	12,765	15,580	32.0	28.2	35.9
Worked	60,235	32,475	27,760	68.0	71.8	64.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,995	19,200	13,800	37.3	42.4	31.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,235	13,270	13,965	30.7	29.3	32.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	44.0	42.2	43.2	44.0	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,945	31,890	27,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	715	350	365	1.2	1.1	1.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	58,225	31,540	26,690	98.8	98.9	98.7
Employee	50,540	26,575	23,970	85.7	83.3	88.6
Permanent position	43,175	23,040	20,140	73.2	72.2	74.4
Temporary position	7,365	3,535	3,825	12.5	11.1	14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,375	1,090	1,290	4.0	3.4	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,985	2,450	2,540	8.5	7.7	9.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,685	4,965	2,720	13.0	15.6	10.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,945	31,890	27,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	715	350	365	1.2	1.1	1.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	58,225	31,540	26,690	98.8	98.9	98.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	960	745	215	1.6	2.3	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,545	2,395	6,150	14.5	7.5	22.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,070	2,225	845	5.2	7.0	3.1
3 Health occupations	4,145	650	3,500	7.0	2.0	12.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,775	1,255	4,520	9.8	3.9	16.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	900	380	515	1.5	1.2	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	12,655	5,100	7,550	21.5	16.0	27.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,090	12,120	970	22.2	38.0	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,935	2,365	575	5.0	7.4	2.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	6,155	4,300	1,855	10.4	13.5	6.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,945	31,890	27,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	715	350	365	1.2	1.1	1.3
All industries¹⁹¹	58,225	31,540	26,690	98.8	98.9	98.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,390	2,500	890	5.8	7.8	3.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	95	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	115	95	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
23 Construction	5,930	4,985	950	10.1	15.6	3.5
31-33 Manufacturing	13,470	9,625	3,845	22.9	30.2	14.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,295	905	390	2.2	2.8	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	6,830	3,010	3,820	11.6	9.4	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,195	1,730	465	3.7	5.4	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	425	260	165	0.7	0.8	0.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,300	385	915	2.2	1.2	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	470	225	245	0.8	0.7	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,555	1,260	1,295	4.3	4.0	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,395	785	610	2.4	2.5	2.3
61 Educational services	3,615	900	2,710	6.1	2.8	10.0
62 Health care and social assistance	7,350	1,065	6,290	12.5	3.3	23.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	375	225	150	0.6	0.7	0.6
72 Accommodation and food services	2,610	950	1,660	4.4	3.0	6.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,835	1,540	1,295	4.8	4.8	4.8
91 Public administration	1,930	1,005	925	3.3	3.2	3.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,185	34,055	29,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	425	280	140	0.7	0.8	0.5
French	57,580	30,505	27,075	91.1	89.6	92.9
Non-official language	70	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,720	2,975	1,745	7.5	8.7	6.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	205	140	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,185	34,055	29,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	62,565	33,630	28,935	99.0	98.8	99.3
Official languages	62,470	33,555	28,910	98.9	98.5	99.2
English	1,010	625	380	1.6	1.8	1.3
French	61,460	32,930	28,530	97.3	96.7	97.9
Non-official languages	95	80	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	95	80	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	95	80	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	70	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	85	70	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	625	420	200	1.0	1.2	0.7
English and French	565	380	180	0.9	1.1	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,185	34,055	29,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	58,690	31,255	27,435	92.9	91.8	94.2
English	3,650	2,310	1,340	5.8	6.8	4.6
French	535	305	230	0.8	0.9	0.8
Non-official language	170	120	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	170	120	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,005	30,515	25,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,770	3,690	4,080	13.9	12.1	16.0
Worked outside Canada	150	130	20	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,500	5,145	1,350	11.6	16.9	5.3
Usual place of work	41,590	21,540	20,045	74.3	70.6	78.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,590	21,545	20,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,465	10,145	9,320	46.8	47.1	46.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,920	5,090	4,830	23.9	23.6	24.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,110	6,250	5,865	29.1	29.0	29.3
Commute to a different province or territory	90	65	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	48,085	26,690	21,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	45,135	25,125	20,010	93.9	94.1	93.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	42,870	24,075	18,800	89.2	90.2	87.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,260	1,050	1,210	4.7	3.9	5.7
Public transit	115	70	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Walked	2,050	1,030	1,015	4.3	3.9	4.7
Bicycle	220	175	45	0.5	0.7	0.2
Other method	570	290	280	1.2	1.1	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	48,085	26,690	21,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	22,715	12,035	10,685	47.2	45.1	49.9
15 to 29 minutes	14,940	8,255	6,680	31.1	30.9	31.2
30 to 44 minutes	6,545	3,630	2,910	13.6	13.6	13.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,940	1,225	710	4.0	4.6	3.3
60 minutes and over	1,950	1,540	405	4.1	5.8	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	48,085	26,690	21,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,460	3,555	900	9.3	13.3	4.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,140	7,930	3,210	23.2	29.7	15.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,155	7,145	8,005	31.5	26.8	37.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,540	2,745	4,790	15.7	10.3	22.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,455	885	1,570	5.1	3.3	7.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,340	4,425	2,915	15.3	16.6	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,845	12,285	11,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,375	705	675	5.8	5.7	5.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,470	11,580	10,890	94.2	94.3	94.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,430	8,970	8,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,100	550	545	6.3	6.1	6.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	785	395	390	4.5	4.4	4.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	320	160	155	1.8	1.8	1.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,325	8,415	7,915	93.7	93.8	93.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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