Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Bas-Saint-LaurentMore information: Quebec [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	199,039	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	197,385	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	104,692	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	93,307	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	22,188.19	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	199,040	99,015	100,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	28,540	14,695	13,845	14.3	14.8	13.8
0 to 4 years	8,315	4,195	4,125	4.2	4.2	4.1
5 to 9 years	9,775	5,045	4,725	4.9	5.1	4.7
10 to 14 years	10,450	5,455	4,995	5.3	5.5	5.0
15 to 64 years	115,570	58,150	57,420	58.1	58.7	57.4
15 to 19 years	9,350	4,815	4,535	4.7	4.9	4.5
20 to 24 years	8,740	4,570	4,170	4.4	4.6	4.2
25 to 29 years	9,340	4,715	4,630	4.7	4.8	4.6
30 to 34 years	10,060	5,145	4,910	5.1	5.2	4.9
35 to 39 years	10,525	5,350	5,175	5.3	5.4	5.2
40 to 44 years	11,710	5,980	5,735	5.9	6.0	5.7
45 to 49 years	10,665	5,325	5,345	5.4	5.4	5.3
50 to 54 years	10,960	5,485	5,480	5.5	5.5	5.5
55 to 59 years	15,440	7,560	7,880	7.8	7.6	7.9
60 to 64 years	18,770	9,210	9,555	9.4	9.3	9.6
65 years and over	54,930	26,170	28,760	27.6	26.4	28.8
65 to 69 years	17,735	8,865	8,870	8.9	9.0	8.9
70 to 74 years	14,775	7,355	7,425	7.4	7.4	7.4
75 to 79 years	10,160	4,985	5,180	5.1	5.0	5.2
80 to 84 years	6,045	2,765	3,280	3.0	2.8	3.3
85 years and over	6,210	2,205	4,010	3.1	2.2	4.0
85 to 89 years	3,780	1,480	2,305	1.9	1.5	2.3
90 to 94 years	1,925	620	1,310	1.0	0.6	1.3
95 to 99 years	460	100	360	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	40	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	14.8	13.8	14.3	14.8	13.8
15 to 64 years	58.1	58.7	57.4	58.1	58.7	57.4
65 years and over	27.6	26.4	28.8	27.6	26.4	28.8
85 years and over	3.1	2.2	4.0	3.1	2.2	4.0
Average age of the population	46.8	45.9	47.6	46.8	45.9	47.6
Median age of the population	50.4	48.8	51.6	50.4	48.8	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	93,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	60,595	...	...	64.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,800	...	...	5.1	...	...
Row house	1,395	...	...	1.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,245	...	...	4.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	19,905	...	...	21.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	580	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	630	...	...	0.7	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,155	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	93,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	35,355	...	...	37.9	...	...
2 persons	35,600	...	...	38.2	...	...
3 persons	9,835	...	...	10.5	...	...
4 persons	8,300	...	...	8.9	...	...
5 or more persons	4,220	...	...	4.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	192,075	96,320	95,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	170,500	84,320	86,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	98,810	49,440	49,365	58.0	58.6	57.3
Married	50,050	25,120	24,935	29.4	29.8	28.9
Living common-law	48,755	24,325	24,430	28.6	28.8	28.3
Living common law - Never married	40,490	20,095	20,390	23.7	23.8	23.7
Living common law - Separated	435	195	240	0.3	0.2	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	6,765	3,600	3,165	4.0	4.3	3.7
Living common law - Widowed	1,070	430	635	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	71,690	34,875	36,815	42.0	41.4	42.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	47,395	26,135	21,265	27.8	31.0	24.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,935	980	960	1.1	1.2	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	11,095	4,925	6,175	6.5	5.8	7.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	11,265	2,840	8,420	6.6	3.4	9.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	55,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	34,675	...	...	62.2	...	...
3 persons	9,280	...	...	16.6	...	...
4 persons	7,980	...	...	14.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,825	...	...	6.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	55,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	48,455	...	...	86.9	...	...
Married couples	24,110	...	...	43.2	...	...
With children⁶	6,025	...	...	10.8	...	...
Without children	18,085	...	...	32.4	...	...
Common-law couples	24,350	...	...	43.7	...	...
With children⁶	12,235	...	...	21.9	...	...
Without children	12,110	...	...	21.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	7,300	...	...	13.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,185	...	...	9.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,115	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	192,075	96,320	95,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	149,480	74,855	74,620	77.8	77.7	77.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	96,915	48,395	48,515	50.5	50.2	50.7
Parents in one-parent families	7,300	2,110	5,185	3.8	2.2	5.4
Children⁶	45,265	24,345	20,920	23.6	25.3	21.8
In a two-parent family	34,175	18,225	15,950	17.8	18.9	16.7
In a one-parent family	11,090	6,120	4,965	5.8	6.4	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	42,600	21,465	21,130	22.2	22.3	22.1
Living alone	35,355	17,535	17,815	18.4	18.2	18.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,815	1,375	1,440	1.5	1.4	1.5
Living with non-relatives only	4,430	2,555	1,875	2.3	2.7	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	93,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	53,920	...	...	57.8	...	...
Couple-family households	47,205	...	...	50.6	...	...
With children⁶	17,775	...	...	19.1	...	...
Without children	29,430	...	...	31.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,715	...	...	7.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	485	...	...	0.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	995	...	...	1.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,465	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	35,355	...	...	37.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	163,570	81,650	81,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	161,335	80,625	80,705	98.6	98.7	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,200	34,000	37,600	41,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	161,350	80,635	80,715	98.6	98.8	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,400	30,800	33,600	36,400	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	141,615	72,395	69,220	86.6	88.7	84.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	34,400	25,600	29,800	34,400	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	108,735	57,985	50,750	66.5	71.0	62.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,000	29,200	32,400	36,000	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	139,155	67,465	71,695	85.1	82.6	87.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,900	12,600	13,000	12,900	12,600	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,275	14,815	10,460	15.5	18.1	12.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200	6,500	5,680	6,200	6,500	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,580	20,210	18,360	23.6	24.8	22.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,500	6,000	6,000	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	163,540	81,575	81,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	161,135	80,470	80,670	98.5	98.6	98.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	48,600	40,240	44,400	48,600	40,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	161,150	80,475	80,680	98.5	98.7	98.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,480	40,280	34,720	37,480	40,280	34,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	141,450	72,195	69,255	86.5	88.5	84.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,800	42,360	33,040	37,800	42,360	33,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	108,685	57,905	50,775	66.5	71.0	62.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,040	42,000	35,680	39,040	42,000	35,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	138,645	67,305	71,335	84.8	82.5	87.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,060	12,670	13,420	13,060	12,670	13,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,145	14,740	10,400	15.4	18.1	12.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,720	7,710	7,730	7,720	7,710	7,730
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,185	20,180	18,005	23.3	24.7	22.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,090	6,730	7,490	7,090	6,730	7,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	163,535	81,575	81,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	48,340	25,685	22,660	29.6	31.5	27.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	54,400	47,600	51,200	54,400	47,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,100	61,700	54,000	58,100	61,700	54,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	47,520	24,355	23,165	29.1	29.9	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	23,000	17,000	20,000	23,000	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,440	31,440	23,240	27,440	31,440	23,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.8	78.2	70.6	74.8	78.2	70.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.3	62.2	55.8	59.3	62.2	55.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.3	21.8	29.5	25.3	21.8	29.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.2	5.3	4.7	4.2	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.5	4.2	3.8	3.5	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	163,565	81,650	81,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,235	1,020	1,210	1.4	1.2	1.5
With total income	161,335	80,630	80,705	98.6	98.8	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,760	3,985	5,770	6.0	4.9	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	22,800	9,190	13,615	14.1	11.4	16.9
$20,000 to $29,999	30,350	14,350	15,995	18.8	17.8	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	23,355	11,100	12,260	14.5	13.8	15.2
$40,000 to $49,999	22,560	11,480	11,085	14.0	14.2	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	17,170	9,330	7,835	10.6	11.6	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	11,500	6,785	4,710	7.1	8.4	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	7,420	4,520	2,900	4.6	5.6	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	5,375	3,000	2,370	3.3	3.7	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,540	1,940	1,605	2.2	2.4	2.0
$100,000 and over	7,515	4,950	2,565	4.7	6.1	3.2
$100,000 to $149,999	5,610	3,635	1,975	3.5	4.5	2.4
$150,000 and over	1,900	1,315	590	1.2	1.6	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	163,565	81,650	81,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,215	1,015	1,205	1.4	1.2	1.5
With after-tax income	161,355	80,640	80,715	98.6	98.8	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,450	4,190	6,260	6.5	5.2	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	23,795	9,720	14,075	14.7	12.1	17.4
$20,000 to $29,999	35,485	16,735	18,745	22.0	20.8	23.2
$30,000 to $39,999	29,995	15,185	14,810	18.6	18.8	18.3
$40,000 to $49,999	25,190	13,600	11,585	15.6	16.9	14.4
$50,000 to $59,999	15,445	9,060	6,385	9.6	11.2	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	8,940	5,035	3,910	5.5	6.2	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,205	2,745	2,465	3.2	3.4	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,710	1,595	1,120	1.7	2.0	1.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,495	990	505	0.9	1.2	0.6
$100,000 and over	2,645	1,785	860	1.6	2.2	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470	980	485	0.9	1.2	0.6
$125,000 and over	1,175	805	375	0.7	1.0	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	163,565	81,650	81,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	54,830	23,665	31,170	33.5	29.0	38.0
With employment income	108,735	57,990	50,750	66.5	71.0	62.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,090	8,315	6,770	13.9	14.3	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	8,770	3,925	4,845	8.1	6.8	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	14,325	6,635	7,690	13.2	11.4	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	12,910	6,245	6,665	11.9	10.8	13.1
$30,000 to $39,999	13,130	6,710	6,415	12.1	11.6	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	12,290	6,475	5,815	11.3	11.2	11.5
$50,000 to $59,999	9,145	5,425	3,720	8.4	9.4	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,715	4,230	2,485	6.2	7.3	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,680	2,860	1,820	4.3	4.9	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,110	2,175	1,930	3.8	3.8	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,240	1,375	865	2.1	2.4	1.7
$100,000 and over	5,335	3,610	1,725	4.9	6.2	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,915	1,875	1,035	2.7	3.2	2.0
$125,000 and over	2,425	1,730	695	2.2	3.0	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	163,570	81,650	81,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	159,520	79,625	79,890	97.5	97.5	97.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,000	31,000	35,200	40,000	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	159,585	79,630	79,950	97.6	97.5	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,200	28,400	31,600	35,200	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	139,700	71,480	68,220	85.4	87.5	83.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	35,600	26,400	30,600	35,600	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	110,670	58,605	52,070	67.7	71.8	63.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,400	28,600	32,400	36,400	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	128,960	61,715	67,245	78.8	75.6	82.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,900	10,700	10,400	9,900	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25,900	15,245	10,655	15.8	18.7	13.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	6,120	5,160	5,680	6,120	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	163,540	81,575	81,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	159,520	79,525	79,990	97.5	97.5	97.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,200	47,240	37,160	42,200	47,240	37,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	159,600	79,540	80,060	97.6	97.5	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,000	32,200	35,600	39,000	32,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	139,605	71,315	68,290	85.4	87.4	83.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,280	43,640	32,720	38,280	43,640	32,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	110,825	58,535	52,295	67.8	71.8	63.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,760	42,760	34,280	38,760	42,760	34,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	128,500	61,415	67,080	78.6	75.3	81.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,790	10,530	11,040	10,790	10,530	11,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,745	15,270	10,475	15.7	18.7	12.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,210	7,160	7,280	7,210	7,160	7,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	163,535	81,575	81,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	48,185	25,605	22,585	29.5	31.4	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	52,800	43,600	48,000	52,800	43,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,800	59,550	49,400	54,800	59,550	49,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	45,550	23,285	22,260	27.9	28.5	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	28,400	20,200	23,600	28,400	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,040	35,880	25,960	31,040	35,880	25,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.4	82.8	75.2	79.4	82.8	75.2
Employment income (%)	63.8	66.6	60.3	63.8	66.6	60.3
Government transfers (%)	20.6	17.2	24.9	20.6	17.2	24.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.8	2.9	2.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	93,305	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	54,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	35,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,600	...	...	30,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	57,955	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	93,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...	76,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,700	...	...	64,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	35,395	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,320	...	...	40,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,760	...	...	34,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	57,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,900	...	...	98,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,100	...	...	83,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	93,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	545	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	485	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,505	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,655	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,850	...	...	8.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,025	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,510	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5,720	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5,065	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,685	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,345	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,170	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,380	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,735	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,940	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,680	...	...	25.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	9,465	...	...	10.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,890	...	...	6.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,410	...	...	5.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,920	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	93,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	610	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	520	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,545	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,780	...	...	3.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	8,305	...	...	8.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,975	...	...	5.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5,655	...	...	6.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	6,770	...	...	7.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5,855	...	...	6.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5,140	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,315	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,990	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,125	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,085	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,860	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,785	...	...	16.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,110	...	...	8.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,060	...	...	4.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,615	...	...	3.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	56,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	29,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	18,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	39,780	20,090	19,690	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	35,600	30,400	32,800	35,600	30,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	32,000	28,600	30,200	32,000	28,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	56,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,300	...	...	99,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,300	...	...	83,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	29,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,400	...	...	84,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...	134,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,100	...	...	111,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,165	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,800	...	...	72,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,800	...	...	63,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	39,615	19,745	19,870	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	41,800	37,440	39,600	41,800	37,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,240	35,560	32,880	34,240	35,560	32,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	192,075	96,320	95,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	34,065	17,525	16,545	17.7	18.2	17.3
0 to 5 years	10,170	5,165	5,010	5.3	5.4	5.2
18 to 64 years	108,805	54,600	54,200	56.6	56.7	56.6
65 years and over	49,205	24,195	25,010	25.6	25.1	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	27,725	13,135	14,585	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,720	1,420	1,300	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	815	410	405	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	11,820	5,960	5,860	...	...	...
65 years and over	13,180	5,755	7,425	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.4	13.6	15.2	14.4	13.6	15.2
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	8.1	7.9	8.0	8.1	7.9
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	7.9	8.1	8.0	7.9	8.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.9	10.9	10.8	10.9	10.9	10.8
65 years and over (%)	26.8	23.8	29.7	26.8	23.8	29.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	192,075	96,320	95,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	34,065	17,520	16,545	17.7	18.2	17.3
0 to 5 years	10,175	5,165	5,005	5.3	5.4	5.2
18 to 64 years	108,800	54,605	54,200	56.6	56.7	56.6
65 years and over	49,210	24,200	25,015	25.6	25.1	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,495	2,925	2,570	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	420	225	200	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	105	50	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,540	2,470	2,065	...	...	...
65 years and over	535	230	310	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	3.0	2.7	2.9	3.0	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2
0 to 5 years (%)	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.5	3.8	4.2	4.5	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	192,075	96,320	95,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	121,965	60,255	61,710	63.5	62.6	64.4
In bottom decile	21,645	10,330	11,320	11.3	10.7	11.8
In second decile	25,830	12,510	13,315	13.4	13.0	13.9
In third decile	25,475	12,705	12,765	13.3	13.2	13.3
In fourth decile	25,325	12,720	12,610	13.2	13.2	13.2
In fifth decile	23,690	11,990	11,705	12.3	12.4	12.2
In top half of the distribution	70,110	36,070	34,040	36.5	37.4	35.6
In sixth decile	21,485	11,020	10,465	11.2	11.4	10.9
In seventh decile	17,995	9,200	8,800	9.4	9.6	9.2
In eighth decile	14,470	7,455	7,015	7.5	7.7	7.3
In ninth decile	10,260	5,295	4,960	5.3	5.5	5.2
In top decile	5,900	3,105	2,800	3.1	3.2	2.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	192,075	...	...	192,075	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.294	...	...	0.294	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.446	...	...	0.446	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.251	...	...	0.251	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	196,545	97,965	98,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	220	120	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
French only	154,510	74,480	80,025	78.6	76.0	81.2
English and French	41,615	23,200	18,420	21.2	23.7	18.7
Neither English nor French	205	170	40	0.1	0.2	0.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	196,545	97,965	98,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,290	630	660	0.7	0.6	0.7
French	194,710	96,980	97,730	99.1	99.0	99.1
English and French	355	195	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	190	160	30	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	196,545	97,965	98,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	195,440	97,370	98,075	99.4	99.4	99.5
Official languages	193,945	96,505	97,440	98.7	98.5	98.8
English	1,185	580	610	0.6	0.6	0.6
French	192,755	95,930	96,830	98.1	97.9	98.2
Non-official languages	1,495	860	640	0.8	0.9	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,490	855	630	0.8	0.9	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	290	180	110	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	250	155	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	250	155	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	720	430	290	0.4	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	560	355	205	0.3	0.4	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	440	290	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,105	600	505	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	800	440	360	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	235	130	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	196,545	97,965	98,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	505	250	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	191,155	94,975	96,180	97.3	96.9	97.6
Non-official language	415	295	125	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	415	295	125	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	3,205	1,805	1,400	1.6	1.8	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	845	430	410	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	385	190	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	196,545	97,965	98,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	195,715	97,535	98,185	99.6	99.6	99.6
Official languages	195,000	97,090	97,910	99.2	99.1	99.3
English	810	415	400	0.4	0.4	0.4
French	194,190	96,680	97,510	98.8	98.7	98.9
Non-official languages	715	445	275	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	710	440	270	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	50	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	50	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	380	260	125	0.2	0.3	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	335	240	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	290	215	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	825	430	400	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	555	285	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	235	125	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	196,550	97,965	98,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	192,810	95,905	96,905	98.1	97.9	98.3
English	2,470	1,425	1,045	1.3	1.5	1.1
French	465	240	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	445	225	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	440	225	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	192,090	96,310	95,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	191,890	96,155	95,735	99.9	99.8	100.0
English	41,295	23,145	18,150	21.5	24.0	18.9
French	191,665	96,015	95,650	99.8	99.7	99.9
Non-official languages	5,305	2,690	2,615	2.8	2.8	2.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,290	2,690	2,610	2.8	2.8	2.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	575	340	235	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	80	50	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	505	305	200	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	495	295	200	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	180	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	95	50	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,865	1,905	1,965	2.0	2.0	2.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	375	210	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	305	160	140	0.2	0.2	0.1
German	305	160	140	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,435	1,675	1,765	1.8	1.7	1.8
Catalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	3,140	1,510	1,625	1.6	1.6	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	365	205	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	95	55	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	65	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	40	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	192,090	96,310	95,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,905	2,015	1,890	2.0	2.1	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,630	1,850	1,780	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,570	755	815	0.8	0.8	0.9
Métis	2,000	1,085	915	1.0	1.1	1.0
Inuk (Inuit)	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	225	135	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	188,185	94,300	93,890	98.0	97.9	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	192,090	96,310	95,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	845	465	375	0.4	0.5	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	191,245	95,845	95,405	99.6	99.5	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	93,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	64,705	...	...	69.3	...	...
Renter	28,610	...	...	30.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	93,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,920	...	...	6.3	...	...
Not condominium	87,390	...	...	93.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	93,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	545	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	11,020	...	...	11.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	25,040	...	...	26.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	31,600	...	...	33.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	25,120	...	...	26.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	93,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	25,310	...	...	27.1	...	...
5 rooms	14,510	...	...	15.5	...	...
6 rooms	12,995	...	...	13.9	...	...
7 rooms	12,465	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	28,040	...	...	30.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	93,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	93,135	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	180	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	93,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	92,440	...	...	99.1	...	...
Not suitable	870	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	93,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	30,815	...	...	33.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	28,890	...	...	31.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	12,495	...	...	13.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,875	...	...	8.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,800	...	...	3.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,715	...	...	4.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,165	...	...	4.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,555	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	93,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	87,290	...	...	93.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,025	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	93,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	55,395	...	...	59.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	36,705	...	...	39.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,215	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	93,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,030	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	10,240	...	...	11.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	13,015	...	...	13.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	12,995	...	...	13.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	20,720	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	20,725	...	...	22.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	10,095	...	...	10.8	...	...
85 years and over	2,495	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	92,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	82,790	...	...	89.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,265	...	...	10.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,655	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	93,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,290	...	...	16.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,515	...	...	9.1	...	...
Not suitable only	740	...	...	0.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	5,180	...	...	5.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	730	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	78,020	...	...	83.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	91,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,750	...	...	4.1	...	...
Not in core need	87,685	...	...	95.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	63,790	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.3	...	...	53.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	695	...	...	695	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	818	...	...	818	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	180,000	...	...	180,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	193,800	...	...	193,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,450	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.3	...	...	13.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.4	...	...	18.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	584	...	...	584	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	611	...	...	611	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	192,090	96,310	95,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,770	1,915	1,855	2.0	2.0	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,660	1,850	1,805	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,725	1,360	1,365	1.4	1.4	1.4
Métis single ancestry	885	475	405	0.5	0.5	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,175	2,065	2,105	2.2	2.1	2.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,115	2,025	2,090	2.1	2.1	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,590	1,750	1,840	1.9	1.8	1.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	510	270	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	184,145	92,325	91,820	95.9	95.9	95.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	192,090	96,310	95,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	189,750	94,980	94,765	98.8	98.6	98.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	33,965	17,625	16,340	17.7	18.3	17.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	155,785	77,355	78,430	81.1	80.3	81.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,340	1,325	1,015	1.2	1.4	1.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	192,090	96,310	95,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	188,030	94,095	93,930	97.9	97.7	98.1
Immigrants⁸¹	2,695	1,385	1,315	1.4	1.4	1.4
Before 1980	445	220	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
1980 to 1990	215	105	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	330	145	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001 to 2010	720	395	325	0.4	0.4	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	990	515	480	0.5	0.5	0.5
2011 to 2015	340	180	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
2016 to 2021	645	335	310	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,365	830	535	0.7	0.9	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,695	1,385	1,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	420	200	220	15.6	14.4	16.7
5 to 14 years	485	260	225	18.0	18.8	17.1
15 to 24 years	395	165	225	14.7	11.9	17.1
25 to 44 years	1,215	635	575	45.1	45.8	43.7
45 years and over	185	115	70	6.9	8.3	5.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,695	1,385	1,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	515	205	310	19.1	14.8	23.6
Brazil	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Colombia	70	45	25	2.6	3.2	1.9
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	95	40	55	3.5	2.9	4.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	40	20	20	1.5	1.4	1.5
Peru	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	125	40	85	4.6	2.9	6.5
Other places of birth in Americas	150	55	100	5.6	4.0	7.6
Europe	1,220	655	565	45.3	47.3	43.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	850	465	385	31.5	33.6	29.3
Germany	30	10	20	1.1	0.7	1.5
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	15	0.9	1.1	1.1
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.1
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.6	0.7	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	15	40	1.9	1.1	3.0
Other places of birth in Europe	180	110	70	6.7	7.9	5.3
Africa	620	355	265	23.0	25.6	20.2
Algeria	90	50	40	3.3	3.6	3.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	85	40	45	3.2	2.9	3.4
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	85	50	40	3.2	3.6	3.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	350	215	140	13.0	15.5	10.6
Asia	330	160	175	12.2	11.6	13.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	15	10	1.1	1.1	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	20	15	10	0.7	1.1	0.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	80	20	60	3.0	1.4	4.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	0	0.7	0.7	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	70	35	30	2.6	2.5	2.3
Viet Nam	15	10	0	0.6	0.7	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	45	30	2.8	3.2	2.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	645	330	310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	90	45	45	14.0	13.6	14.5
Brazil	10	0	0	1.6	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	10	10	3.9	3.0	3.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	0	10	1.6	0.0	3.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	15	25	6.2	4.5	8.1
Europe	160	75	85	24.8	22.7	27.4
France	135	65	65	20.9	19.7	21.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	10	3.1	3.0	3.2
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	325	185	140	50.4	56.1	45.2
Algeria	35	20	20	5.4	6.1	6.5
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	40	20	25	6.2	6.1	8.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	35	40	12.4	10.6	12.9
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	10	3.1	3.0	3.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	10	0	2.3	3.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	125	90	40	19.4	27.3	12.9
Asia	70	30	40	10.9	9.1	12.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	2.3	0.0	3.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	20	15	5.4	6.1	4.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	192,090	96,310	95,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,515	2,380	2,140	2.4	2.5	2.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,190	1,610	1,580	1.7	1.7	1.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	184,385	92,325	92,060	96.0	95.9	96.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,255	1,160	1,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,165	660	510	51.7	56.9	46.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	660	405	255	29.3	34.9	23.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	510	255	255	22.6	22.0	23.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	805	340	470	35.7	29.3	42.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	270	155	115	12.0	13.4	10.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	10	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,255	1,160	1,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	15	20	1.6	1.3	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	285	140	145	12.6	12.1	13.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85	50	30	3.8	4.3	2.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	260	150	120	11.5	12.9	11.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	15	20	1.6	1.3	1.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,555	790	765	69.0	68.1	69.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	192,090	96,310	95,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,820	1,495	1,325	1.5	1.6	1.4
South Asian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	260	50	210	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	1,195	615	580	0.6	0.6	0.6
Filipino	120	85	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab	380	250	130	0.2	0.3	0.1
Latin American	440	265	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
Southeast Asian	175	100	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	189,270	94,810	94,455	98.5	98.4	98.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	192,090	96,310	95,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	77,625	38,470	39,155	40.4	39.9	40.9
English	1,635	820	815	0.9	0.9	0.9
Irish	4,660	2,155	2,510	2.4	2.2	2.6
Scottish	2,375	1,135	1,245	1.2	1.2	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	45,335	23,065	22,270	23.6	23.9	23.3
German	1,250	590	660	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese	255	45	210	0.1	0.0	0.2
Italian	1,045	580	465	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indian (India)	255	135	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	50	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	175	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	32,135	16,095	16,040	16.7	16.7	16.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	190	115	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	140	95	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	22,630	11,290	11,335	11.8	11.7	11.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,900	1,870	2,025	2.0	1.9	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,745	1,390	1,355	1.4	1.4	1.4
Métis	1,565	850	715	0.8	0.9	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,925	945	975	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	205	115	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	760	390	365	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	370	220	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	3,190	1,500	1,690	1.7	1.6	1.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	215	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	140	90	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	140	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,705	1,395	1,310	1.4	1.4	1.4
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	830	460	370	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	405	210	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	250	100	150	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	255	130	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,015	470	550	0.5	0.5	0.6
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	85	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Muslim	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	400	150	250	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	95	50	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	260	115	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	300	125	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	105	105	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	240	115	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	90	60	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	370	165	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	235	150	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	865	430	430	0.5	0.4	0.4
Norman	490	240	245	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	530	275	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Beninese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	192,090	96,310	95,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian	155,865	77,235	78,630	81.1	80.2	82.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,775	4,945	4,835	5.1	5.1	5.0
Anabaptist	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	95	55	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baptist	240	120	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	144,165	71,420	72,740	75.1	74.2	75.9
Christian Orthodox	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	555	250	310	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	300	130	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Presbyterian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	580	245	340	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hindu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	625	355	270	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	350	155	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	35,090	18,485	16,605	18.3	19.2	17.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	190,590	95,505	95,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	172,700	86,770	85,935	90.6	90.9	90.4
Movers	17,890	8,735	9,150	9.4	9.1	9.6
Non-migrants	9,675	4,665	5,010	5.1	4.9	5.3
Migrants	8,220	4,075	4,145	4.3	4.3	4.4
Internal migrants	7,860	3,890	3,970	4.1	4.1	4.2
Intraprovincial migrants	7,575	3,730	3,840	4.0	3.9	4.0
Interprovincial migrants	285	155	130	0.1	0.2	0.1
External migrants	360	190	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	183,845	91,975	91,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	125,600	63,315	62,285	68.3	68.8	67.8
Movers	58,250	28,660	29,590	31.7	31.2	32.2
Non-migrants	22,525	10,795	11,725	12.3	11.7	12.8
Migrants	35,725	17,860	17,865	19.4	19.4	19.4
Internal migrants	34,125	16,955	17,165	18.6	18.4	18.7
Intraprovincial migrants	33,240	16,530	16,715	18.1	18.0	18.2
Interprovincial migrants	885	430	450	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	1,600	910	695	0.9	1.0	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	163,535	81,575	81,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40,860	23,520	17,335	25.0	28.8	21.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	122,680	58,060	64,625	75.0	71.2	78.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,495	47,810	48,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,690	10,945	6,750	18.3	22.9	13.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	78,805	36,865	41,940	81.7	77.1	86.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	163,540	81,580	81,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	35,855	19,805	16,045	21.9	24.3	19.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	34,275	15,905	18,370	21.0	19.5	22.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	93,405	45,870	47,540	57.1	56.2	58.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	69,535	36,055	33,490	42.5	44.2	40.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35,535	22,305	13,230	21.7	27.3	16.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	26,785	15,385	11,405	16.4	18.9	13.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,745	6,920	1,825	5.3	8.5	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	28,815	12,100	16,715	17.6	14.8	20.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,185	1,650	3,540	3.2	2.0	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,870	9,815	14,055	14.6	12.0	17.1
Bachelor's degree	16,350	6,300	10,050	10.0	7.7	12.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,800	815	985	1.1	1.0	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	860	405	445	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	3,975	1,760	2,215	2.4	2.2	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	880	525	355	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,495	47,810	48,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,380	8,575	5,805	14.9	17.9	11.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,480	7,515	7,970	16.0	15.7	16.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	66,630	31,720	34,915	69.1	66.3	71.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	48,820	25,040	23,780	50.6	52.4	48.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	26,020	15,795	10,225	27.0	33.0	21.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	19,835	10,910	8,920	20.6	22.8	18.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,190	4,885	1,305	6.4	10.2	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,860	8,280	11,580	20.6	17.3	23.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,940	965	1,975	3.0	2.0	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,810	6,675	11,135	18.5	14.0	22.9
Bachelor's degree	12,015	4,260	7,755	12.5	8.9	15.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,365	565	800	1.4	1.2	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	655	240	415	0.7	0.5	0.9
Master's degree	3,110	1,235	1,875	3.2	2.6	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	665	375	285	0.7	0.8	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	163,535	81,580	81,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	70,130	35,710	34,420	42.9	43.8	42.0
Education	9,115	2,035	7,075	5.6	2.5	8.6
13. Education	9,115	2,035	7,075	5.6	2.5	8.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,140	860	1,285	1.3	1.1	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	265	185	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,875	670	1,205	1.1	0.8	1.5
Humanities	3,515	1,555	1,960	2.1	1.9	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	255	55	210	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,905	850	1,050	1.2	1.0	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	190	125	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	125	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	290	160	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	565	200	365	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,205	1,515	3,690	3.2	1.9	4.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	580	195	385	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,460	75	1,385	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	720	275	445	0.4	0.3	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	35	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	975	220	755	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	1,275	700	580	0.8	0.9	0.7
Business, management and public administration	18,875	5,255	13,620	11.5	6.4	16.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,835	340	1,490	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	17,030	4,910	12,120	10.4	6.0	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,880	1,655	1,225	1.8	2.0	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,125	545	580	0.7	0.7	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280	200	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	555	270	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	700	505	190	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	225	135	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,735	1,220	515	1.1	1.5	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,420	1,105	315	0.9	1.4	0.4
25. Library science	180	30	145	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	22,320	20,940	1,380	13.6	25.7	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	710	385	325	0.4	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	1,580	1,375	205	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,925	3,500	425	2.4	4.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,600	5,460	140	3.4	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,315	6,140	180	3.9	7.5	0.2
48. Precision production	4,190	4,075	110	2.6	5.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,525	3,895	1,630	3.4	4.8	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,185	1,995	1,190	1.9	2.4	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,345	1,905	435	1.4	2.3	0.5
Health and related fields	13,470	2,280	11,190	8.2	2.8	13.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	765	405	355	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	12,350	1,735	10,620	7.6	2.1	13.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	345	145	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,590	4,665	3,930	5.3	5.7	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,635	1,195	3,440	2.8	1.5	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,170	880	285	0.7	1.1	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,775	2,570	205	1.7	3.2	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	96,500	47,810	48,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,865	16,090	13,770	30.9	33.7	28.3
Education	5,565	1,020	4,545	5.8	2.1	9.3
13. Education	5,565	1,020	4,545	5.8	2.1	9.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,615	600	1,015	1.7	1.3	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	135	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,415	465	950	1.5	1.0	2.0
Humanities	2,040	875	1,160	2.1	1.8	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	40	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,035	465	570	1.1	1.0	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	80	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	375	125	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,030	1,040	2,985	4.2	2.2	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	510	155	355	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,170	60	1,110	1.2	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	495	155	340	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	755	130	625	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	965	505	455	1.0	1.1	0.9
Business, management and public administration	13,870	3,610	10,265	14.4	7.6	21.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,415	230	1,185	1.5	0.5	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,445	3,370	9,070	12.9	7.0	18.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,860	1,085	780	1.9	2.3	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	900	400	495	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	110	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	130	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	545	395	160	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	145	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,345	985	360	1.4	2.1	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,170	940	230	1.2	2.0	0.5
25. Library science	110	10	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,865	14,695	1,170	16.4	30.7	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	535	280	255	0.6	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	1,200	1,015	180	1.2	2.1	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,875	2,505	370	3.0	5.2	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,875	3,765	110	4.0	7.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,405	4,240	165	4.6	8.9	0.3
48. Precision production	2,985	2,890	95	3.1	6.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,400	2,960	1,445	4.6	6.2	3.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,555	1,505	1,050	2.6	3.1	2.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,850	1,460	390	1.9	3.1	0.8
Health and related fields	9,615	1,520	8,100	10.0	3.2	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	525	260	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,805	1,165	7,640	9.1	2.4	15.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	280	90	185	0.3	0.2	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,395	3,335	3,060	6.6	7.0	6.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,395	730	2,665	3.5	1.5	5.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	915	675	240	0.9	1.4	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,075	1,920	155	2.2	4.0	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	96,500	47,810	48,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,865	16,090	13,770	30.9	33.7	28.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	66,635	31,715	34,910	69.1	66.3	71.7
Location of study inside Canada	65,275	30,975	34,295	67.6	64.8	70.4
Same as province or territory of residence	64,270	30,465	33,805	66.6	63.7	69.4
Different than province or territory of residence	1,005	510	490	1.0	1.1	1.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,360	740	620	1.4	1.5	1.3
Americas	230	145	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
United States of America	70	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexico	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	80	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	710	355	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belgium	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	575	300	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Germany	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	280	175	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Morocco	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	163,540	81,580	81,960	...	...	...
In the labour force	93,430	48,510	44,920	...	...	...
Employed	86,410	44,685	41,725	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,020	3,825	3,195	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	70,110	33,070	37,040	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.1	59.5	54.8	57.1	59.5	54.8
Employment rate	52.8	54.8	50.9	52.8	54.8	50.9
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.9	7.1	7.5	7.9	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	163,535	81,580	81,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	65,440	30,380	35,060	40.0	37.2	42.8
Worked	98,095	51,200	46,895	60.0	62.8	57.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	49,090	26,115	22,970	30.0	32.0	28.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	49,010	25,080	23,930	30.0	30.7	29.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	40.8	40.8	40.8	40.8	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	93,430	48,505	44,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,640	785	855	1.8	1.6	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	91,790	47,725	44,065	98.2	98.4	98.1
Employee	82,010	42,005	40,005	87.8	86.6	89.1
Permanent position	66,035	33,610	32,430	70.7	69.3	72.2
Temporary position	15,975	8,400	7,580	17.1	17.3	16.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,180	1,820	2,360	4.5	3.8	5.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	11,800	6,585	5,220	12.6	13.6	11.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,780	5,720	4,065	10.5	11.8	9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	93,430	48,505	44,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,640	785	855	1.8	1.6	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	91,790	47,725	44,065	98.2	98.4	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,510	1,000	510	1.6	2.1	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,055	3,685	9,370	14.0	7.6	20.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,155	3,780	1,375	5.5	7.8	3.1
3 Health occupations	8,670	1,415	7,255	9.3	2.9	16.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	11,920	2,995	8,930	12.8	6.2	19.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,895	860	1,030	2.0	1.8	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	22,555	9,835	12,720	24.1	20.3	28.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	16,790	15,845	940	18.0	32.7	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,000	4,065	930	5.4	8.4	2.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,240	4,245	1,000	5.6	8.8	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	93,430	48,505	44,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,640	785	855	1.8	1.6	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	91,790	47,725	44,065	98.2	98.4	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,650	4,180	1,470	6.0	8.6	3.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,195	1,045	145	1.3	2.2	0.3
22 Utilities	575	480	90	0.6	1.0	0.2
23 Construction	5,950	5,225	730	6.4	10.8	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	10,175	7,980	2,195	10.9	16.5	4.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,730	1,310	415	1.9	2.7	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	11,555	5,585	5,965	12.4	11.5	13.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,465	3,750	710	4.8	7.7	1.6
51 Information and cultural industries	1,810	1,195	615	1.9	2.5	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	1,855	620	1,240	2.0	1.3	2.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	710	410	295	0.8	0.8	0.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,655	1,685	1,965	3.9	3.5	4.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,610	1,705	905	2.8	3.5	2.0
61 Educational services	7,685	2,195	5,485	8.2	4.5	12.2
62 Health care and social assistance	16,250	2,950	13,305	17.4	6.1	29.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,175	670	505	1.3	1.4	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	4,830	1,820	3,010	5.2	3.8	6.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,565	2,230	2,330	4.9	4.6	5.2
91 Public administration	5,330	2,655	2,675	5.7	5.5	6.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	103,180	53,820	49,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	605	420	185	0.6	0.8	0.4
French	94,820	48,530	46,295	91.9	90.2	93.8
Non-official language	85	70	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	70	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	7,375	4,630	2,745	7.1	8.6	5.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	170	115	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	103,180	53,820	49,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	102,445	53,385	49,060	99.3	99.2	99.4
Official languages	102,280	53,250	49,030	99.1	98.9	99.3
English	1,410	940	470	1.4	1.7	1.0
French	100,870	52,310	48,560	97.8	97.2	98.4
Non-official languages	170	140	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	170	140	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	130	120	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	120	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	120	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	735	440	295	0.7	0.8	0.6
English and French	715	435	285	0.7	0.8	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	103,180	53,820	49,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	96,230	49,445	46,785	93.3	91.9	94.8
English	5,885	3,700	2,180	5.7	6.9	4.4
French	865	570	300	0.8	1.1	0.6
Non-official language	110	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	86,410	44,685	41,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,980	5,645	6,330	13.9	12.6	15.2
Worked outside Canada	95	75	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	8,960	6,780	2,180	10.4	15.2	5.2
Usual place of work	65,370	32,180	33,190	75.7	72.0	79.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	65,370	32,185	33,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	36,880	17,390	19,490	56.4	54.0	58.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	17,395	8,530	8,870	26.6	26.5	26.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10,665	6,015	4,650	16.3	18.7	14.0
Commute to a different province or territory	430	245	185	0.7	0.8	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	74,335	38,960	35,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	66,835	35,190	31,650	89.9	90.3	89.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	63,735	33,805	29,930	85.7	86.8	84.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,105	1,385	1,720	4.2	3.6	4.9
Public transit	490	280	215	0.7	0.7	0.6
Walked	5,150	2,280	2,870	6.9	5.9	8.1
Bicycle	450	340	110	0.6	0.9	0.3
Other method	1,400	870	530	1.9	2.2	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	74,335	38,960	35,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	41,510	20,565	20,945	55.8	52.8	59.2
15 to 29 minutes	20,820	10,730	10,090	28.0	27.5	28.5
30 to 44 minutes	7,530	4,465	3,065	10.1	11.5	8.7
45 to 59 minutes	2,280	1,450	830	3.1	3.7	2.3
60 minutes and over	2,195	1,755	435	3.0	4.5	1.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	74,335	38,960	35,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,865	3,715	1,145	6.5	9.5	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,625	8,550	3,080	15.6	21.9	8.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	26,695	13,050	13,645	35.9	33.5	38.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	16,110	6,090	10,020	21.7	15.6	28.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,740	1,700	3,040	6.4	4.4	8.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,300	5,855	4,445	13.9	15.0	12.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	34,765	17,900	16,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,325	680	640	3.8	3.8	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	33,445	17,220	16,215	96.2	96.2	96.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	25,840	13,400	12,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,015	510	505	3.9	3.8	4.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	610	310	300	2.4	2.3	2.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	405	200	205	1.6	1.5	1.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,825	12,880	11,940	96.1	96.1	96.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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