Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Avignon--La Mitis--Matane--MatapédiaMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	70,253	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	71,897	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 2.3	...	...	- 2.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	37,811	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	33,418	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	14,433.20	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	70,255	35,205	35,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9,885	5,040	4,845	14.1	14.3	13.8
0 to 4 years	2,830	1,385	1,445	4.0	3.9	4.1
5 to 9 years	3,415	1,770	1,650	4.9	5.0	4.7
10 to 14 years	3,635	1,890	1,745	5.2	5.4	5.0
15 to 64 years	40,360	20,380	19,985	57.4	57.9	57.0
15 to 19 years	3,140	1,615	1,525	4.5	4.6	4.4
20 to 24 years	2,765	1,495	1,275	3.9	4.2	3.6
25 to 29 years	3,015	1,510	1,505	4.3	4.3	4.3
30 to 34 years	3,325	1,680	1,645	4.7	4.8	4.7
35 to 39 years	3,570	1,800	1,770	5.1	5.1	5.1
40 to 44 years	3,930	2,045	1,880	5.6	5.8	5.4
45 to 49 years	3,675	1,820	1,855	5.2	5.2	5.3
50 to 54 years	3,960	2,010	1,950	5.6	5.7	5.6
55 to 59 years	5,845	2,855	2,990	8.3	8.1	8.5
60 to 64 years	7,140	3,545	3,595	10.2	10.1	10.3
65 years and over	20,005	9,785	10,225	28.5	27.8	29.2
65 to 69 years	6,560	3,375	3,185	9.3	9.6	9.1
70 to 74 years	5,530	2,820	2,710	7.9	8.0	7.7
75 to 79 years	3,665	1,830	1,835	5.2	5.2	5.2
80 to 84 years	2,135	965	1,170	3.0	2.7	3.3
85 years and over	2,120	790	1,325	3.0	2.2	3.8
85 to 89 years	1,330	570	760	1.9	1.6	2.2
90 to 94 years	605	195	410	0.9	0.6	1.2
95 to 99 years	175	30	140	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	14.3	13.8	14.1	14.3	13.8
15 to 64 years	57.4	57.9	57.0	57.4	57.9	57.0
65 years and over	28.5	27.8	29.2	28.5	27.8	29.2
85 years and over	3.0	2.2	3.8	3.0	2.2	3.8
Average age of the population	47.6	47.0	48.2	47.6	47.0	48.2
Median age of the population	52.4	51.6	53.2	52.4	51.6	53.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	33,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,045	...	...	72.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,225	...	...	3.7	...	...
Row house	415	...	...	1.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,540	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,375	...	...	16.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	210	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	565	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	33,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,855	...	...	38.5	...	...
2 persons	12,750	...	...	38.2	...	...
3 persons	3,520	...	...	10.5	...	...
4 persons	2,825	...	...	8.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,465	...	...	4.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	68,170	34,340	33,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	60,365	30,165	30,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	34,370	17,200	17,165	56.9	57.0	56.8
Married	17,605	8,835	8,775	29.2	29.3	29.1
Living common-law	16,765	8,365	8,395	27.8	27.7	27.8
Living common law - Never married	13,830	6,895	6,940	22.9	22.9	23.0
Living common law - Separated	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	2,395	1,265	1,135	4.0	4.2	3.8
Living common law - Widowed	385	145	235	0.6	0.5	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	26,000	12,960	13,040	43.1	43.0	43.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	16,845	9,545	7,295	27.9	31.6	24.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	800	410	390	1.3	1.4	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,275	2,000	2,280	7.1	6.6	7.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,080	1,000	3,080	6.8	3.3	10.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	19,840	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,545	...	...	63.2	...	...
3 persons	3,325	...	...	16.8	...	...
4 persons	2,680	...	...	13.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,285	...	...	6.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	19,840	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	16,875	...	...	85.1	...	...
Married couples	8,495	...	...	42.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,950	...	...	9.8	...	...
Without children	6,545	...	...	33.0	...	...
Common-law couples	8,375	...	...	42.2	...	...
With children⁶	4,205	...	...	21.2	...	...
Without children	4,170	...	...	21.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,965	...	...	14.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,115	...	...	10.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	845	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	68,165	34,340	33,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	52,640	26,310	26,330	77.2	76.6	77.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	33,755	16,865	16,885	49.5	49.1	49.9
Parents in one-parent families	2,960	850	2,115	4.3	2.5	6.3
Children⁶	15,925	8,595	7,325	23.4	25.0	21.7
In a two-parent family	11,380	6,095	5,285	16.7	17.7	15.6
In a one-parent family	4,545	2,505	2,040	6.7	7.3	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,525	8,025	7,500	22.8	23.4	22.2
Living alone	12,855	6,605	6,250	18.9	19.2	18.5
Living with other relatives⁷	1,215	620	595	1.8	1.8	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	1,455	795	655	2.1	2.3	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	33,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,945	...	...	56.7	...	...
Couple-family households	16,300	...	...	48.8	...	...
With children⁶	5,920	...	...	17.7	...	...
Without children	10,375	...	...	31.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,645	...	...	7.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	255	...	...	0.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	455	...	...	1.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	855	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	12,860	...	...	38.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	58,290	29,300	28,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,445	28,885	28,560	98.6	98.6	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	39,200	31,600	35,200	39,200	31,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,450	28,885	28,565	98.6	98.6	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	34,800	29,000	32,000	34,800	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,340	24,980	23,360	82.9	85.3	80.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,400	31,200	23,600	27,400	31,200	23,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,970	19,720	17,250	63.4	67.3	59.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	34,000	27,400	30,400	34,000	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,475	24,840	25,635	86.6	84.8	88.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,200	14,600	13,900	14,200	14,600	13,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,175	6,740	4,435	19.2	23.0	15.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	8,000	6,000	7,000	8,000	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,125	6,790	6,330	22.5	23.2	21.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,500	6,000	6,000	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	58,270	29,270	28,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,310	28,750	28,555	98.4	98.2	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,160	45,640	38,640	42,160	45,640	38,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,315	28,755	28,565	98.4	98.2	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,880	38,320	33,400	35,880	38,320	33,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,290	24,880	23,415	82.9	85.0	80.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,520	38,920	31,920	35,520	38,920	31,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,960	19,625	17,335	63.4	67.0	59.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,360	40,160	34,240	37,360	40,160	34,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,200	24,720	25,480	86.2	84.5	87.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,940	13,900	13,980	13,940	13,900	13,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,150	6,650	4,500	19.1	22.7	15.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,440	8,960	7,660	8,440	8,960	7,660
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,030	6,805	6,220	22.4	23.2	21.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,140	6,880	7,430	7,140	6,880	7,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	58,270	29,270	29,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,540	7,930	7,610	26.7	27.1	26.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	54,400	46,400	50,400	54,400	46,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,150	60,100	52,000	56,150	60,100	52,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,790	8,925	7,865	28.8	30.5	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	23,400	16,200	19,800	23,400	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,440	31,520	22,800	27,440	31,520	22,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	71.0	73.8	67.8	71.0	73.8	67.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.2	60.0	53.8	57.2	60.0	53.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	29.0	26.2	32.3	29.0	26.2	32.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.9	4.5	3.1	3.9	4.5	3.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	4.4	5.5	4.9	4.4	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.6	4.2	3.9	3.6	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	58,290	29,300	28,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	845	415	425	1.4	1.4	1.5
With total income	57,445	28,880	28,565	98.6	98.6	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,690	1,500	2,190	6.4	5.2	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	8,835	3,580	5,250	15.4	12.4	18.4
$20,000 to $29,999	11,800	5,680	6,120	20.5	19.7	21.4
$30,000 to $39,999	8,315	4,065	4,250	14.5	14.1	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	7,755	4,010	3,745	13.5	13.9	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	5,665	3,050	2,615	9.9	10.6	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	3,810	2,265	1,540	6.6	7.8	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,495	1,595	900	4.3	5.5	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,710	975	735	3.0	3.4	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,095	615	480	1.9	2.1	1.7
$100,000 and over	2,270	1,540	730	4.0	5.3	2.6
$100,000 to $149,999	1,705	1,150	560	3.0	4.0	2.0
$150,000 and over	565	390	175	1.0	1.4	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	58,290	29,300	28,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	840	415	425	1.4	1.4	1.5
With after-tax income	57,450	28,885	28,565	98.6	98.6	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,905	1,570	2,340	6.8	5.4	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	9,150	3,740	5,410	15.9	12.9	18.9
$20,000 to $29,999	13,650	6,560	7,090	23.8	22.7	24.8
$30,000 to $39,999	10,525	5,435	5,090	18.3	18.8	17.8
$40,000 to $49,999	8,460	4,610	3,845	14.7	16.0	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,200	3,140	2,060	9.1	10.9	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	2,920	1,635	1,285	5.1	5.7	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,580	835	740	2.8	2.9	2.6
$80,000 to $89,999	820	505	315	1.4	1.7	1.1
$90,000 to $99,999	435	305	135	0.8	1.1	0.5
$100,000 and over	800	545	255	1.4	1.9	0.9
$100,000 to $124,999	470	320	150	0.8	1.1	0.5
$125,000 and over	335	225	105	0.6	0.8	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	58,290	29,300	28,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,325	9,580	11,740	36.6	32.7	40.5
With employment income	36,965	19,720	17,245	63.4	67.3	59.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,275	2,815	2,455	14.3	14.3	14.2
$5,000 to $9,999	3,045	1,340	1,705	8.2	6.8	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	5,355	2,550	2,810	14.5	12.9	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,565	2,255	2,305	12.3	11.4	13.4
$30,000 to $39,999	4,485	2,305	2,175	12.1	11.7	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	3,970	2,050	1,915	10.7	10.4	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	2,940	1,725	1,215	8.0	8.7	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,230	1,430	800	6.0	7.3	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,495	980	520	4.0	5.0	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,305	695	615	3.5	3.5	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	675	430	245	1.8	2.2	1.4
$100,000 and over	1,630	1,140	490	4.4	5.8	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	875	595	285	2.4	3.0	1.7
$125,000 and over	750	545	205	2.0	2.8	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	58,290	29,300	28,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,760	28,515	28,245	97.4	97.3	97.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,000	28,600	32,800	38,000	28,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,780	28,515	28,260	97.4	97.3	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	33,600	26,400	30,000	33,600	26,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,595	24,640	22,955	81.7	84.1	79.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	32,800	24,600	28,400	32,800	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,760	20,015	17,740	64.8	68.3	61.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,800	26,400	30,200	34,800	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,245	23,030	24,215	81.1	78.6	83.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,700	12,100	11,500	11,700	12,100	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,540	6,930	4,610	19.8	23.7	15.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,950	7,850	5,760	6,950	7,850	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	58,270	29,270	28,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,735	28,390	28,340	97.4	97.0	97.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,920	44,640	35,200	39,920	44,640	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,755	28,390	28,360	97.4	97.0	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,200	30,800	34,000	37,200	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,555	24,515	23,040	81.6	83.8	79.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,040	40,680	31,080	36,040	40,680	31,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,740	19,910	17,825	64.8	68.0	61.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	41,240	32,680	37,200	41,240	32,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,020	22,870	24,145	80.7	78.1	83.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,730	11,800	11,660	11,730	11,800	11,660
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,600	6,950	4,645	19.9	23.7	16.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,080	8,540	7,390	8,080	8,540	7,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	58,270	29,270	29,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,450	7,905	7,545	26.5	27.0	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,800	52,800	42,400	46,800	52,800	42,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,800	58,000	47,320	52,800	58,000	47,320
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,015	8,515	7,505	27.5	29.1	25.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	28,600	19,000	23,600	28,600	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,280	36,600	25,280	31,280	36,600	25,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	75.6	78.8	71.8	75.6	78.8	71.8
Employment income (%)	62.0	64.8	58.4	62.0	64.8	58.4
Government transfers (%)	24.4	21.3	28.2	24.4	21.3	28.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.1	4.7	3.4	4.1	4.7	3.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	33,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...	51,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...	31,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,800	...	...	28,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	20,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	33,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,300	...	...	72,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,500	...	...	61,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,560	...	...	38,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,360	...	...	33,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	20,590	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,300	...	...	93,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,100	...	...	79,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	33,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	215	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	195	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	580	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,070	...	...	3.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,305	...	...	9.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,500	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,725	...	...	5.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,270	...	...	6.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,840	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,715	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,920	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,505	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,220	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,025	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,665	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,665	...	...	22.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,150	...	...	9.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,925	...	...	5.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,780	...	...	5.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	810	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	33,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	240	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	595	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,100	...	...	3.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,485	...	...	10.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,800	...	...	5.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,145	...	...	6.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,605	...	...	7.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,125	...	...	6.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,825	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,285	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,825	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,495	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,035	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,615	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,035	...	...	15.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,655	...	...	7.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,335	...	...	4.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,035	...	...	3.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	20,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,310	7,405	6,905	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	34,000	27,600	30,600	34,000	27,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,400	30,600	26,600	28,400	30,600	26,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	20,065	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,500	...	...	93,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...	79,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,300	...	...	80,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,100	...	...	68,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,200	...	...	107,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,100	...	...	68,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,350	...	...	60,350	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,205	7,200	6,995	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,960	40,680	35,200	37,960	40,680	35,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,920	34,640	31,160	32,920	34,640	31,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	68,170	34,340	33,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,820	6,045	5,775	17.3	17.6	17.1
0 to 5 years	3,485	1,730	1,755	5.1	5.0	5.2
18 to 64 years	37,950	19,075	18,870	55.7	55.5	55.8
65 years and over	18,400	9,220	9,190	27.0	26.8	27.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,660	5,550	6,110	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,200	605	590	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	360	175	185	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,625	2,290	2,330	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,840	2,655	3,185	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.1	16.2	18.1	17.1	16.2	18.1
0 to 17 years (%)	10.1	10.0	10.2	10.1	10.0	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.1	10.5	10.3	10.1	10.5
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	12.0	12.4	12.2	12.0	12.4
65 years and over (%)	31.7	28.8	34.7	31.7	28.8	34.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	67,530	34,040	33,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,620	5,945	5,675	17.2	17.5	16.9
0 to 5 years	3,430	1,695	1,730	5.1	5.0	5.2
18 to 64 years	37,570	18,900	18,670	55.6	55.5	55.7
65 years and over	18,345	9,195	9,150	27.2	27.0	27.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,820	970	845	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	150	85	60	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	15	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,475	800	680	...	...	...
65 years and over	190	85	105	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.1
0 to 5 years (%)	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.2	3.6	3.9	4.2	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.1	0.9	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	68,170	34,340	33,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	45,680	22,635	23,045	67.0	65.9	68.1
In bottom decile	8,985	4,275	4,705	13.2	12.4	13.9
In second decile	10,360	5,075	5,280	15.2	14.8	15.6
In third decile	9,415	4,740	4,675	13.8	13.8	13.8
In fourth decile	8,935	4,495	4,440	13.1	13.1	13.1
In fifth decile	7,995	4,050	3,940	11.7	11.8	11.6
In top half of the distribution	22,485	11,705	10,785	33.0	34.1	31.9
In sixth decile	7,180	3,745	3,440	10.5	10.9	10.2
In seventh decile	5,680	2,955	2,730	8.3	8.6	8.1
In eighth decile	4,820	2,485	2,335	7.1	7.2	6.9
In ninth decile	3,175	1,675	1,500	4.7	4.9	4.4
In top decile	1,625	855	770	2.4	2.5	2.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	68,165	...	...	68,165	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292	...	...	0.292	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.469	...	...	0.469	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.251	...	...	0.251	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	69,195	34,780	34,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	765	370	395	1.1	1.1	1.1
French only	54,320	26,615	27,705	78.5	76.5	80.5
English and French	14,085	7,780	6,305	20.4	22.4	18.3
Neither English nor French	25	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	69,195	34,780	34,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,615	780	840	2.3	2.2	2.4
French	67,405	33,910	33,495	97.4	97.5	97.3
English and French	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	69,195	34,780	34,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	68,695	34,530	34,165	99.3	99.3	99.3
Official languages	68,270	34,325	33,945	98.7	98.7	98.6
English	1,435	700	735	2.1	2.0	2.1
French	66,830	33,620	33,215	96.6	96.7	96.5
Non-official languages	425	205	220	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mi'kmaq	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	260	135	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	500	250	250	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	415	215	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	69,195	34,780	34,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,080	515	565	1.6	1.5	1.6
French	66,275	33,290	32,985	95.8	95.7	95.8
Non-official language	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	1,315	705	615	1.9	2.0	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	69,195	34,780	34,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	68,870	34,635	34,235	99.5	99.6	99.5
Official languages	68,730	34,565	34,165	99.3	99.4	99.3
English	1,415	695	720	2.0	2.0	2.1
French	67,315	33,875	33,440	97.3	97.4	97.2
Non-official languages	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	25	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	325	145	180	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and French	250	115	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	69,195	34,780	34,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	67,715	33,980	33,740	97.9	97.7	98.1
English	925	510	410	1.3	1.5	1.2
French	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	215	130	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	110	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	68,185	34,325	33,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	68,170	34,315	33,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	14,735	8,140	6,590	21.6	23.7	19.5
French	67,405	33,970	33,435	98.9	99.0	98.8
Non-official languages	1,335	640	695	2.0	1.9	2.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	295	155	140	0.4	0.5	0.4
Algonquian languages	295	155	140	0.4	0.5	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	290	155	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mi'kmaq	290	155	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,040	475	560	1.5	1.4	1.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	860	385	475	1.3	1.1	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	125	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	110	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
German	110	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	710	305	405	1.0	0.9	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	655	280	375	1.0	0.8	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	68,180	34,330	33,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,540	1,330	1,200	3.7	3.9	3.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,460	1,290	1,170	3.6	3.8	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,195	600	600	1.8	1.7	1.8
Métis	1,205	670	535	1.8	2.0	1.6
Inuk (Inuit)	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	65,645	32,995	32,650	96.3	96.1	96.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	68,180	34,330	33,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	885	455	425	1.3	1.3	1.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	67,300	33,870	33,430	98.7	98.7	98.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	33,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	24,040	...	...	71.9	...	...
Renter	9,290	...	...	27.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	33,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,790	...	...	5.4	...	...
Not condominium	31,630	...	...	94.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	33,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	4,025	...	...	12.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,245	...	...	27.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,430	...	...	34.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,620	...	...	25.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	33,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,800	...	...	26.3	...	...
5 rooms	5,620	...	...	16.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,100	...	...	15.3	...	...
7 rooms	4,605	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,300	...	...	27.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	33,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	33,355	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	33,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	33,070	...	...	98.9	...	...
Not suitable	355	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	33,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	12,180	...	...	36.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,800	...	...	32.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,615	...	...	13.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,540	...	...	7.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	735	...	...	2.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	910	...	...	2.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	950	...	...	2.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	690	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	33,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	30,875	...	...	92.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,555	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	33,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,320	...	...	60.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	12,625	...	...	37.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	480	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	33,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	920	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,120	...	...	9.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,430	...	...	13.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,435	...	...	13.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,960	...	...	23.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,895	...	...	23.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,590	...	...	10.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,070	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	32,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,400	...	...	89.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,330	...	...	10.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,070	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	33,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,895	...	...	17.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,040	...	...	9.1	...	...
Not suitable only	290	...	...	0.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,220	...	...	6.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	280	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,535	...	...	82.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	32,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,775	...	...	5.5	...	...
Not in core need	30,705	...	...	94.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,575	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.2	...	...	51.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	747	...	...	747	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	164,800	...	...	164,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,225	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.6	...	...	18.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	552	...	...	552	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	575	...	...	575	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	90	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	396	...	...	396	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	68,185	34,330	33,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,145	1,120	1,020	3.1	3.3	3.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,060	1,075	990	3.0	3.1	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,535	780	755	2.3	2.3	2.2
Métis single ancestry	505	280	220	0.7	0.8	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,765	885	885	2.6	2.6	2.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,720	845	875	2.5	2.5	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,445	710	735	2.1	2.1	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	275	135	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	64,280	32,320	31,955	94.3	94.1	94.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	68,185	34,330	33,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	67,650	34,035	33,615	99.2	99.1	99.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,870	6,110	5,755	17.4	17.8	17.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	55,785	27,925	27,860	81.8	81.3	82.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	535	295	240	0.8	0.9	0.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	68,185	34,330	33,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	67,200	33,835	33,360	98.6	98.6	98.5
Immigrants⁸¹	635	280	360	0.9	0.8	1.1
Before 1980	145	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
1980 to 1990	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
1991 to 2000	115	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
2001 to 2010	180	105	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	165	50	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
2011 to 2015	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
2016 to 2021	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	350	215	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	635	280	360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	140	55	90	22.0	19.6	25.0
5 to 14 years	110	55	60	17.3	19.6	16.7
15 to 24 years	60	15	45	9.4	5.4	12.5
25 to 44 years	260	130	130	40.9	46.4	36.1
45 years and over	65	20	40	10.2	7.1	11.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	635	280	360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	125	30	90	19.7	10.7	25.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	15	0	3.1	5.4	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	40	10	30	6.3	3.6	8.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	1.6	0.0	2.8
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	10	30	6.3	3.6	8.3
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	1.6	0.0	2.8
Europe	355	170	190	55.9	60.7	52.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	230	115	110	36.2	41.1	30.6
Germany	20	0	15	3.1	0.0	4.2
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	10	3.1	3.6	2.8
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0	20	3.1	0.0	5.6
Other places of birth in Europe	60	35	25	9.4	12.5	6.9
Africa	55	35	20	8.7	12.5	5.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	0	3.1	3.6	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	15	10	4.7	5.4	2.8
Asia	105	45	55	16.5	16.1	15.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	20	20	6.3	7.1	5.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	10	2.4	3.6	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	85	25	60	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	10	0	10	11.8	0.0	16.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	0	10	11.8	0.0	16.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	45	20	25	52.9	80.0	41.7
France	35	20	15	41.2	80.0	25.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	15	0	10	17.6	0.0	16.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	10	0	10	11.8	0.0	16.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	68,180	34,325	33,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,125	535	590	1.7	1.6	1.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	985	535	440	1.4	1.6	1.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	66,080	33,255	32,825	96.9	96.9	97.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	490	210	275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	215	110	105	43.9	52.4	38.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	130	70	65	26.5	33.3	23.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	85	45	35	17.3	21.4	12.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	265	95	170	54.1	45.2	61.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	10	0	2.0	4.8	0.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	490	210	275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	0	3.1	4.8	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	100	35	65	20.4	16.7	23.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	35	15	20	7.1	7.1	7.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	330	145	185	67.3	69.0	67.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	68,180	34,330	33,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	565	285	275	0.8	0.8	0.8
South Asian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black	265	130	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southeast Asian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	67,625	34,045	33,580	99.2	99.2	99.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	68,185	34,330	33,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	26,275	13,245	13,025	38.5	38.6	38.5
English	900	430	470	1.3	1.3	1.4
Irish	2,240	960	1,280	3.3	2.8	3.8
Scottish	1,400	635	770	2.1	1.8	2.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	15,285	7,780	7,510	22.4	22.7	22.2
German	375	205	170	0.5	0.6	0.5
Chinese	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italian	360	215	145	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indian (India)	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	10,855	5,490	5,365	15.9	16.0	15.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Filipino	40	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	7,710	3,830	3,880	11.3	11.2	11.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,565	770	795	2.3	2.2	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,105	595	520	1.6	1.7	1.5
Métis	900	505	400	1.3	1.5	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	695	360	330	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	335	195	145	0.5	0.6	0.4
Spanish	170	95	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Swedish	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Acadian	3,025	1,415	1,610	4.4	4.1	4.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	830	415	415	1.2	1.2	1.2
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	405	230	170	0.6	0.7	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	90	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	80	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,075	510	565	1.6	1.5	1.7
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	150	55	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	100	55	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	1,065	490	575	1.6	1.4	1.7
Norman	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	105	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	68,180	34,330	33,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian	56,450	28,045	28,410	82.8	81.7	83.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,735	1,445	1,295	4.0	4.2	3.8
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	115	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baptist	120	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catholic	52,695	26,190	26,505	77.3	76.3	78.3
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	245	95	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Presbyterian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	105	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	335	125	210	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	195	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	135	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	11,315	6,080	5,240	16.6	17.7	15.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	67,710	34,110	33,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,165	31,425	30,740	91.8	92.1	91.5
Movers	5,545	2,685	2,860	8.2	7.9	8.5
Non-migrants	2,610	1,245	1,360	3.9	3.6	4.0
Migrants	2,935	1,435	1,500	4.3	4.2	4.5
Internal migrants	2,845	1,385	1,460	4.2	4.1	4.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,715	1,330	1,385	4.0	3.9	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	65,475	33,045	32,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	45,980	23,360	22,620	70.2	70.7	69.7
Movers	19,500	9,685	9,815	29.8	29.3	30.3
Non-migrants	6,940	3,310	3,630	10.6	10.0	11.2
Migrants	12,560	6,375	6,180	19.2	19.3	19.1
Internal migrants	12,195	6,180	6,010	18.6	18.7	18.5
Intraprovincial migrants	11,780	5,950	5,830	18.0	18.0	18.0
Interprovincial migrants	415	230	185	0.6	0.7	0.6
External migrants	365	195	170	0.6	0.6	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,270	29,275	28,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,190	9,680	7,510	29.5	33.1	25.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,080	19,595	21,485	70.5	66.9	74.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,995	16,875	17,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,465	4,445	3,020	22.0	26.3	17.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	26,535	12,425	14,105	78.1	73.6	82.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,265	29,270	29,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,110	8,160	6,950	25.9	27.9	24.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,490	6,000	6,480	21.4	20.5	22.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,675	15,105	15,570	52.6	51.6	53.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,465	12,810	11,660	42.0	43.8	40.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,540	8,480	5,060	23.2	29.0	17.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,020	5,720	4,300	17.2	19.5	14.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,520	2,760	760	6.0	9.4	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,405	3,885	5,520	16.1	13.3	19.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,525	445	1,075	2.6	1.5	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,205	2,295	3,910	10.6	7.8	13.5
Bachelor's degree	4,420	1,550	2,870	7.6	5.3	9.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	535	205	330	0.9	0.7	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	265	135	130	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	895	380	515	1.5	1.3	1.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,995	16,875	17,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,170	3,540	2,630	18.1	21.0	15.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,075	2,980	3,095	17.9	17.7	18.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,750	10,350	11,400	64.0	61.3	66.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,165	8,815	8,355	50.5	52.2	48.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,895	5,945	3,950	29.1	35.2	23.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,410	4,040	3,370	21.8	23.9	19.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,485	1,900	585	7.3	11.3	3.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,460	2,620	3,845	19.0	15.5	22.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	810	250	560	2.4	1.5	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,585	1,540	3,045	13.5	9.1	17.8
Bachelor's degree	3,195	1,015	2,175	9.4	6.0	12.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	460	165	295	1.4	1.0	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	75	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	695	270	420	2.0	1.6	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,270	29,270	29,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,595	14,165	13,430	47.4	48.4	46.3
Education	2,955	595	2,360	5.1	2.0	8.1
13. Education	2,955	595	2,360	5.1	2.0	8.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	650	275	375	1.1	0.9	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	100	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	500	175	325	0.9	0.6	1.1
Humanities	1,020	430	595	1.8	1.5	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	20	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	535	240	295	0.9	0.8	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	55	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,540	380	1,160	2.6	1.3	4.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	70	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	555	10	540	1.0	0.0	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	135	45	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	235	40	200	0.4	0.1	0.7
45. Social sciences	395	205	190	0.7	0.7	0.7
Business, management and public administration	5,975	1,295	4,680	10.3	4.4	16.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	545	70	475	0.9	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,425	1,225	4,205	9.3	4.2	14.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	685	410	270	1.2	1.4	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	260	160	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	70	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	140	75	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	125	80	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	460	290	165	0.8	1.0	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	355	250	100	0.6	0.9	0.3
25. Library science	70	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,900	7,465	435	13.6	25.5	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	230	105	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	305	275	30	0.5	0.9	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,145	1,035	110	2.0	3.5	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,900	1,850	50	3.3	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,630	2,550	85	4.5	8.7	0.3
48. Precision production	1,680	1,650	25	2.9	5.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,140	1,530	610	3.7	5.2	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,035	595	430	1.8	2.0	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,105	930	175	1.9	3.2	0.6
Health and related fields	4,370	650	3,715	7.5	2.2	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	185	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,100	520	3,580	7.0	1.8	12.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,975	1,780	1,200	5.1	6.1	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,315	310	1,000	2.3	1.1	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	395	270	120	0.7	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,275	1,195	75	2.2	4.1	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	34,000	16,875	17,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,250	6,520	5,725	36.0	38.6	33.4
Education	1,755	290	1,460	5.2	1.7	8.5
13. Education	1,755	290	1,460	5.2	1.7	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	505	210	295	1.5	1.2	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	80	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	380	130	250	1.1	0.8	1.5
Humanities	550	230	320	1.6	1.4	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	225	90	135	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	60	45	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110	35	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,220	285	935	3.6	1.7	5.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	45	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	425	10	415	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	95	25	75	0.3	0.1	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	215	35	175	0.6	0.2	1.0
45. Social sciences	325	160	165	1.0	0.9	1.0
Business, management and public administration	4,280	760	3,520	12.6	4.5	20.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	425	50	380	1.3	0.3	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,850	710	3,140	11.3	4.2	18.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	430	275	155	1.3	1.6	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	135	90	0.6	0.8	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	45	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	100	60	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	345	225	120	1.0	1.3	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	280	205	75	0.8	1.2	0.4
25. Library science	50	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,510	5,150	355	16.2	30.5	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	175	85	100	0.5	0.5	0.6
14. Engineering	190	170	25	0.6	1.0	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	860	780	85	2.5	4.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,330	1,280	50	3.9	7.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,790	1,705	85	5.3	10.1	0.5
48. Precision production	1,155	1,135	20	3.4	6.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,720	1,190	525	5.1	7.1	3.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	850	470	380	2.5	2.8	2.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	870	715	155	2.6	4.2	0.9
Health and related fields	3,200	470	2,730	9.4	2.8	15.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	160	75	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,980	370	2,610	8.8	2.2	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	25	25	0.2	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,230	1,275	955	6.6	7.6	5.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	960	165	795	2.8	1.0	4.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	320	215	105	0.9	1.3	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	955	895	55	2.8	5.3	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	34,000	16,875	17,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,250	6,520	5,725	36.0	38.6	33.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	21,750	10,355	11,395	64.0	61.4	66.6
Location of study inside Canada	21,420	10,210	11,215	63.0	60.5	65.5
Same as province or territory of residence	20,900	9,955	10,945	61.5	59.0	63.9
Different than province or territory of residence	525	255	270	1.5	1.5	1.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	325	145	185	1.0	0.9	1.1
Americas	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United States of America	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	225	105	120	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belgium	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	160	75	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
Germany	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	58,265	29,270	29,000	...	...	...
In the labour force	31,200	16,110	15,095	...	...	...
Employed	28,340	14,375	13,970	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,860	1,730	1,130	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,065	13,165	13,900	...	...	...
Participation rate	53.5	55.0	52.1	53.5	55.0	52.1
Employment rate	48.6	49.1	48.2	48.6	49.1	48.2
Unemployment rate	9.2	10.7	7.5	9.2	10.7	7.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	58,270	29,270	29,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,120	11,925	13,195	43.1	40.7	45.5
Worked	33,150	17,345	15,805	56.9	59.3	54.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	15,790	8,100	7,695	27.1	27.7	26.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	17,360	9,245	8,115	29.8	31.6	28.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.6	38.9	40.3	39.6	38.9	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	31,205	16,105	15,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	585	285	300	1.9	1.8	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	30,615	15,825	14,795	98.1	98.3	98.0
Employee	27,435	13,995	13,440	87.9	86.9	89.0
Permanent position	21,140	10,590	10,555	67.7	65.8	69.9
Temporary position	6,295	3,405	2,890	20.2	21.1	19.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,440	625	810	4.6	3.9	5.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,860	2,780	2,080	15.6	17.3	13.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,185	1,830	1,350	10.2	11.4	8.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	31,205	16,105	15,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	585	285	300	1.9	1.8	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	30,615	15,825	14,795	98.1	98.3	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	500	335	160	1.6	2.1	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,075	1,005	3,070	13.1	6.2	20.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,330	960	365	4.3	6.0	2.4
3 Health occupations	2,770	400	2,375	8.9	2.5	15.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,955	850	3,105	12.7	5.3	20.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	540	240	295	1.7	1.5	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	7,600	3,105	4,495	24.4	19.3	29.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,380	6,055	330	20.4	37.6	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,795	1,450	345	5.8	9.0	2.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,675	1,420	255	5.4	8.8	1.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	31,205	16,105	15,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	585	285	300	1.9	1.8	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	30,615	15,825	14,795	98.1	98.3	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,995	1,490	505	6.4	9.3	3.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	355	345	10	1.1	2.1	0.1
22 Utilities	200	175	20	0.6	1.1	0.1
23 Construction	2,265	1,990	270	7.3	12.4	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	3,320	2,685	635	10.6	16.7	4.2
41 Wholesale trade	450	350	105	1.4	2.2	0.7
44-45 Retail trade	3,910	1,895	2,020	12.5	11.8	13.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,735	1,430	305	5.6	8.9	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	365	190	175	1.2	1.2	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	530	140	395	1.7	0.9	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	265	150	120	0.8	0.9	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	920	380	535	2.9	2.4	3.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	890	545	340	2.9	3.4	2.3
61 Educational services	2,480	600	1,875	7.9	3.7	12.4
62 Health care and social assistance	5,420	920	4,500	17.4	5.7	29.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	410	270	145	1.3	1.7	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,630	565	1,065	5.2	3.5	7.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,395	700	695	4.5	4.3	4.6
91 Public administration	2,065	1,005	1,065	6.6	6.2	7.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	35,010	18,305	16,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	560	310	250	1.6	1.7	1.5
French	31,460	16,365	15,095	89.9	89.4	90.3
Non-official language	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	2,860	1,570	1,295	8.2	8.6	7.7
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	35,010	18,305	16,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	34,580	18,085	16,490	98.8	98.8	98.7
Official languages	34,545	18,065	16,480	98.7	98.7	98.6
English	985	565	415	2.8	3.1	2.5
French	33,560	17,500	16,060	95.9	95.6	96.1
Non-official languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	435	220	215	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	415	210	200	1.2	1.1	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	35,010	18,305	16,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	32,465	16,900	15,565	92.7	92.3	93.1
English	2,100	1,140	960	6.0	6.2	5.7
French	365	225	145	1.0	1.2	0.9
Non-official language	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	28,345	14,375	13,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,190	1,335	1,855	11.3	9.3	13.3
Worked outside Canada	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,445	2,635	805	12.2	18.3	5.8
Usual place of work	21,690	10,395	11,290	76.5	72.3	80.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,690	10,395	11,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,795	5,055	5,740	49.8	48.6	50.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,670	3,115	3,555	30.8	30.0	31.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,775	2,035	1,740	17.4	19.6	15.4
Commute to a different province or territory	450	190	260	2.1	1.8	2.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	25,130	13,030	12,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	22,780	11,820	10,955	90.6	90.7	90.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,835	11,350	10,490	86.9	87.1	86.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	940	475	465	3.7	3.6	3.8
Public transit	220	135	85	0.9	1.0	0.7
Walked	1,490	645	845	5.9	5.0	7.0
Bicycle	125	100	25	0.5	0.8	0.2
Other method	515	330	185	2.0	2.5	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	25,130	13,030	12,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,525	6,535	6,990	53.8	50.2	57.8
15 to 29 minutes	7,240	3,700	3,540	28.8	28.4	29.3
30 to 44 minutes	2,685	1,575	1,105	10.7	12.1	9.1
45 to 59 minutes	780	460	320	3.1	3.5	2.6
60 minutes and over	895	750	145	3.6	5.8	1.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	25,130	13,030	12,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,885	1,510	370	7.5	11.6	3.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,470	3,255	1,220	17.8	25.0	10.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,010	4,090	4,915	35.9	31.4	40.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,015	1,850	3,160	20.0	14.2	26.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,400	440	965	5.6	3.4	8.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,350	1,880	1,465	13.3	14.4	12.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,030	6,150	5,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	795	400	395	6.6	6.5	6.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,230	5,750	5,480	93.3	93.5	93.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,975	4,655	4,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	615	315	305	6.9	6.8	7.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	435	230	210	4.8	4.9	4.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	180	90	95	2.0	1.9	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,360	4,340	4,020	93.1	93.2	93.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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