Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	AvalonMore information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	87,191	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	86,559^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.7	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	45,074	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	36,622	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	13.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	6,357.25	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	87,190	42,790	44,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,030	6,650	6,380	14.9	15.5	14.4
0 to 4 years	3,550	1,810	1,745	4.1	4.2	3.9
5 to 9 years	4,475	2,260	2,210	5.1	5.3	5.0
10 to 14 years	5,005	2,580	2,425	5.7	6.0	5.5
15 to 64 years	55,170	27,045	28,125	63.3	63.2	63.3
15 to 19 years	4,650	2,355	2,295	5.3	5.5	5.2
20 to 24 years	3,930	2,035	1,895	4.5	4.8	4.3
25 to 29 years	3,975	1,960	2,010	4.6	4.6	4.5
30 to 34 years	4,750	2,310	2,440	5.4	5.4	5.5
35 to 39 years	5,465	2,610	2,860	6.3	6.1	6.4
40 to 44 years	5,730	2,720	3,010	6.6	6.4	6.8
45 to 49 years	6,170	3,055	3,115	7.1	7.1	7.0
50 to 54 years	6,570	3,205	3,370	7.5	7.5	7.6
55 to 59 years	6,950	3,395	3,550	8.0	7.9	8.0
60 to 64 years	6,970	3,400	3,580	8.0	7.9	8.1
65 years and over	18,995	9,095	9,900	21.8	21.3	22.3
65 to 69 years	6,610	3,225	3,390	7.6	7.5	7.6
70 to 74 years	5,720	2,780	2,940	6.6	6.5	6.6
75 to 79 years	3,455	1,685	1,770	4.0	3.9	4.0
80 to 84 years	1,865	900	965	2.1	2.1	2.2
85 years and over	1,340	505	835	1.5	1.2	1.9
85 to 89 years	875	385	485	1.0	0.9	1.1
90 to 94 years	350	100	250	0.4	0.2	0.6
95 to 99 years	100	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.5	14.4	14.9	15.5	14.4
15 to 64 years	63.3	63.2	63.3	63.3	63.2	63.3
65 years and over	21.8	21.3	22.3	21.8	21.3	22.3
85 years and over	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.5	1.2	1.9
Average age of the population	44.3	43.7	44.8	44.3	43.7	44.8
Median age of the population	46.8	46.4	47.2	46.8	46.4	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,620	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	30,440	...	...	83.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	535	...	...	1.5	...	...
Row house	610	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,265	...	...	11.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	595	...	...	1.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	115	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,200	...	...	25.1	...	...
2 persons	14,465	...	...	39.5	...	...
3 persons	6,070	...	...	16.6	...	...
4 persons	5,210	...	...	14.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,675	...	...	4.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	86,095	42,340	43,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	74,165	36,145	38,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	46,365	23,165	23,205	62.5	64.1	61.0
Married	38,240	19,115	19,125	51.6	52.9	50.3
Living common-law	8,130	4,045	4,085	11.0	11.2	10.7
Living common law - Never married	5,950	2,970	2,985	8.0	8.2	7.9
Living common law - Separated	255	135	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,680	850	830	2.3	2.4	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	250	95	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	27,795	12,980	14,820	37.5	35.9	39.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	17,365	9,390	7,975	23.4	26.0	21.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,655	735	915	2.2	2.0	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,875	1,660	2,210	5.2	4.6	5.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,910	1,195	3,715	6.6	3.3	9.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,985	...	...	55.4	...	...
3 persons	5,990	...	...	22.1	...	...
4 persons	4,925	...	...	18.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,145	...	...	4.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,975	...	...	85.0	...	...
Married couples	18,910	...	...	69.9	...	...
With children⁶	8,850	...	...	32.7	...	...
Without children	10,060	...	...	37.2	...	...
Common-law couples	4,060	...	...	15.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,750	...	...	6.5	...	...
Without children	2,320	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,070	...	...	15.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,175	...	...	11.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	895	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	86,095	42,340	43,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	73,595	36,465	37,135	85.5	86.1	84.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,945	22,955	22,990	53.4	54.2	52.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,075	900	3,180	4.7	2.1	7.3
Children⁶	23,580	12,615	10,965	27.4	29.8	25.1
In a two-parent family	17,670	9,475	8,195	20.5	22.4	18.7
In a one-parent family	5,910	3,140	2,770	6.9	7.4	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,500	5,875	6,620	14.5	13.9	15.1
Living alone	9,200	4,305	4,895	10.7	10.2	11.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,560	660	900	1.8	1.6	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	1,740	910	830	2.0	2.1	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,620	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,810	...	...	67.7	...	...
Couple-family households	21,505	...	...	58.7	...	...
With children⁶	9,935	...	...	27.1	...	...
Without children	11,575	...	...	31.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,305	...	...	9.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	815	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	780	...	...	2.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	895	...	...	2.4	...	...
One-person households	9,195	...	...	25.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	73,075	35,695	37,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,705	34,590	36,115	96.8	96.9	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,600	34,400	39,200	45,600	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,720	34,600	36,120	96.8	96.9	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,000	31,200	35,200	40,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,985	29,885	29,100	80.7	83.7	77.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,400	28,800	34,000	40,400	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,775	24,930	23,845	66.7	69.8	63.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,600	30,600	36,400	43,600	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,780	26,465	31,315	79.1	74.1	83.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,800	15,400	12,400	13,800	15,400	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,585	9,065	6,520	21.3	25.4	17.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	10,100	6,750	8,500	10,100	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,120	9,015	9,100	24.8	25.3	24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	73,175	35,785	37,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,705	34,600	36,105	96.6	96.7	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,440	58,600	42,680	50,440	58,600	42,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,725	34,610	36,115	96.7	96.7	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,560	47,080	36,240	41,560	47,080	36,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,980	29,875	29,105	80.6	83.5	77.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,040	54,750	39,200	47,040	54,750	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,895	24,950	23,945	66.8	69.7	64.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,880	55,900	39,520	47,880	55,900	39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,550	26,315	31,230	78.6	73.5	83.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,760	14,900	12,790	13,760	14,900	12,790
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,440	8,935	6,505	21.1	25.0	17.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,290	11,140	9,130	10,290	11,140	9,130
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,710	8,890	8,825	24.2	24.8	23.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540	8,490	8,600	8,540	8,490	8,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	73,175	35,785	37,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,985	10,960	11,025	30.0	30.6	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	72,500	56,400	64,000	72,500	56,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,300	83,900	62,700	73,300	83,900	62,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,570	10,685	9,880	28.1	29.9	26.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	23,400	14,500	18,400	23,400	14,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,600	38,720	21,840	30,600	38,720	21,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.8	80.6	74.0	77.8	80.6	74.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.6	68.8	61.5	65.6	68.8	61.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.2	19.4	26.0	22.2	19.4	26.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.5	4.9	3.9	4.5	4.9	3.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.2	6.0	5.0	4.2	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.7	4.9	4.2	3.7	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	73,075	35,700	37,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,375	1,110	1,265	3.3	3.1	3.4
With total income	70,705	34,595	36,115	96.8	96.9	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,395	2,090	3,305	7.6	6.0	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	8,840	3,295	5,550	12.5	9.5	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	12,040	5,345	6,690	17.0	15.5	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	9,580	4,265	5,320	13.5	12.3	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	8,315	3,900	4,415	11.8	11.3	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,390	3,190	3,195	9.0	9.2	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,720	2,605	2,115	6.7	7.5	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,560	2,145	1,410	5.0	6.2	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,820	1,635	1,180	4.0	4.7	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,425	1,295	1,130	3.4	3.7	3.1
$100,000 and over	6,620	4,830	1,795	9.4	14.0	5.0
$100,000 to $149,999	4,575	3,165	1,410	6.5	9.1	3.9
$150,000 and over	2,045	1,660	385	2.9	4.8	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	73,075	35,700	37,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,355	1,095	1,260	3.2	3.1	3.4
With after-tax income	70,725	34,600	36,120	96.8	96.9	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,640	2,145	3,490	8.0	6.2	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,240	3,490	5,755	13.1	10.1	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	14,360	6,420	7,940	20.3	18.6	22.0
$30,000 to $39,999	11,425	5,295	6,130	16.2	15.3	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	9,490	4,720	4,770	13.4	13.6	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,620	3,685	2,935	9.4	10.7	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,410	2,555	1,855	6.2	7.4	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,480	1,880	1,595	4.9	5.4	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,015	1,280	735	2.8	3.7	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,250	905	350	1.8	2.6	1.0
$100,000 and over	2,790	2,225	560	3.9	6.4	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,455	1,165	290	2.1	3.4	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,335	1,055	275	1.9	3.0	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	73,075	35,700	37,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,300	10,765	13,540	33.3	30.2	36.2
With employment income	48,775	24,935	23,840	66.7	69.8	63.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,985	3,320	3,665	14.3	13.3	15.4
$5,000 to $9,999	3,805	1,595	2,210	7.8	6.4	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	5,960	2,735	3,230	12.2	11.0	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	4,800	2,185	2,615	9.8	8.8	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	4,285	1,885	2,405	8.8	7.6	10.1
$40,000 to $49,999	4,180	1,950	2,230	8.6	7.8	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,670	1,835	1,830	7.5	7.4	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,990	1,680	1,315	6.1	6.7	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,415	1,380	1,030	5.0	5.5	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,230	1,280	950	4.6	5.1	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,090	1,060	1,030	4.3	4.3	4.3
$100,000 and over	5,365	4,030	1,335	11.0	16.2	5.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,555	1,705	850	5.2	6.8	3.6
$125,000 and over	2,810	2,330	485	5.8	9.3	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	73,075	35,695	37,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,425	33,970	35,455	95.0	95.2	94.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	47,600	31,600	38,800	47,600	31,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,500	33,980	35,525	95.1	95.2	95.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,200	28,800	34,400	41,200	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,685	29,750	28,930	80.3	83.3	77.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	45,600	29,800	36,400	45,600	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,335	25,290	24,050	67.5	70.9	64.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	50,000	31,400	39,600	50,000	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	52,050	23,320	28,730	71.2	65.3	76.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,800	12,700	9,400	10,800	12,700	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	14,860	8,620	6,240	20.3	24.1	16.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	9,900	8,200	9,100	9,900	8,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	73,175	35,785	37,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,375	33,935	35,440	94.8	94.8	94.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,760	60,900	41,040	50,760	60,900	41,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,435	33,945	35,490	94.9	94.9	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,160	48,000	34,640	41,160	48,000	34,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,700	29,775	28,920	80.2	83.2	77.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,920	59,650	39,880	49,920	59,650	39,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,520	25,300	24,220	67.7	70.7	64.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,450	61,700	40,760	51,450	61,700	40,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,935	23,230	28,705	71.0	64.9	76.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,370	12,490	10,470	11,370	12,490	10,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,985	8,620	6,365	20.5	24.1	17.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,410	10,880	9,780	10,410	10,880	9,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	73,175	35,785	37,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,880	10,925	10,950	29.9	30.5	29.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	72,500	53,200	62,400	72,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,100	83,300	61,000	72,100	83,300	61,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,245	10,125	9,120	26.3	28.3	24.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	34,400	18,600	24,800	34,400	18,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,320	51,900	27,480	40,320	51,900	27,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2	86.0	79.4	83.2	86.0	79.4
Employment income (%)	72.4	75.4	68.0	72.4	75.4	68.0
Government transfers (%)	16.8	14.0	20.7	16.8	14.0	20.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.4	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.5	4.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,620	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400	...	...	31,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,300	...	...	97,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,200	...	...	80,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,440	...	...	45,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,700	...	...	114,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,100	...	...	94,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,620	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	250	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	500	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	515	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,030	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,330	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,565	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,720	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,480	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,390	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,635	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,430	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,390	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,155	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,020	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,055	...	...	38.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,210	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,115	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,805	...	...	10.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,930	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,620	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	175	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	510	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	540	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,165	...	...	5.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,545	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,790	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,915	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,800	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,620	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,155	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,990	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,850	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,550	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,315	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,425	...	...	28.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,250	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,755	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,425	...	...	9.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,940	5,215	5,725	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	38,000	31,000	34,400	38,000	31,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,200	34,000	29,000	31,200	34,000	29,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,600	...	...	114,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,700	...	...	94,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,400	...	...	78,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,400	...	...	151,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,800	...	...	121,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,200	...	...	71,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,500	...	...	62,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,945	5,215	5,720	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,840	50,240	39,920	44,840	50,240	39,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,920	41,360	34,760	37,920	41,360	34,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	86,095	42,340	43,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,860	8,095	7,765	18.4	19.1	17.7
0 to 5 years	4,420	2,260	2,165	5.1	5.3	4.9
18 to 64 years	52,095	25,445	26,650	60.5	60.1	60.9
65 years and over	18,140	8,800	9,340	21.1	20.8	21.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,270	4,560	5,705	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,705	875	830	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	530	285	245	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,410	1,945	2,465	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,155	1,740	2,415	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.9	10.8	13.0	11.9	10.8	13.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.7	10.7	10.8	10.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.9	12.6	11.3	11.9	12.6	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	7.6	9.3	8.5	7.6	9.3
65 years and over (%)	22.9	19.8	25.8	22.9	19.8	25.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	86,095	42,340	43,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,860	8,095	7,765	18.4	19.1	17.7
0 to 5 years	4,425	2,260	2,160	5.1	5.3	4.9
18 to 64 years	52,095	25,445	26,650	60.5	60.1	60.9
65 years and over	18,140	8,795	9,340	21.1	20.8	21.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,105	995	1,110	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	350	165	190	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	105	55	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,570	755	810	...	...	...
65 years and over	175	70	110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.1	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.8	1.2	1.0	0.8	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	86,095	42,340	43,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	44,535	21,170	23,365	51.7	50.0	53.4
In bottom decile	7,825	3,425	4,400	9.1	8.1	10.1
In second decile	9,830	4,585	5,240	11.4	10.8	12.0
In third decile	9,385	4,525	4,860	10.9	10.7	11.1
In fourth decile	8,870	4,325	4,550	10.3	10.2	10.4
In fifth decile	8,630	4,315	4,320	10.0	10.2	9.9
In top half of the distribution	41,555	21,165	20,390	48.3	50.0	46.6
In sixth decile	8,920	4,500	4,420	10.4	10.6	10.1
In seventh decile	9,160	4,650	4,510	10.6	11.0	10.3
In eighth decile	9,110	4,630	4,480	10.6	10.9	10.2
In ninth decile	8,305	4,250	4,060	9.6	10.0	9.3
In top decile	6,065	3,140	2,925	7.0	7.4	6.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	86,095	...	...	86,095	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	...	...	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.456	...	...	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	86,760	42,565	44,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	82,540	40,985	41,555	95.1	96.3	94.0
French only	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,170	1,550	2,615	4.8	3.6	5.9
Neither English nor French	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	86,760	42,565	44,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	86,520	42,450	44,065	99.7	99.7	99.7
French	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Neither English nor French	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	86,760	42,565	44,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	86,525	42,460	44,060	99.7	99.8	99.7
Official languages	85,980	42,195	43,780	99.1	99.1	99.1
English	85,760	42,095	43,665	98.8	98.9	98.8
French	220	105	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	540	260	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	530	255	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	285	155	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	235	105	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	86,760	42,565	44,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	85,780	42,140	43,645	98.9	99.0	98.8
French	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Non-official language	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	375	140	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	425	195	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	86,760	42,565	44,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	86,650	42,515	44,135	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	86,445	42,410	44,040	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	86,385	42,380	44,005	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	86,760	42,565	44,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	86,025	42,255	43,765	99.2	99.3	99.0
English	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French	325	115	210	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	265	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	250	115	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	86,265	42,485	43,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	86,235	42,465	43,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	86,225	42,460	43,765	100.0	99.9	100.0
French	4,150	1,475	2,680	4.8	3.5	6.1
Non-official languages	965	460	505	1.1	1.1	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	935	445	485	1.1	1.0	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	555	285	275	0.6	0.7	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	90	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	280	115	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	86,265	42,485	43,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,470	1,175	1,300	2.9	2.8	3.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,235	1,065	1,170	2.6	2.5	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,220	605	615	1.4	1.4	1.4
Métis	615	265	350	0.7	0.6	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	400	195	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	175	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	83,795	41,305	42,480	97.1	97.2	97.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	86,265	42,485	43,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	715	380	340	0.8	0.9	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	85,545	42,105	43,445	99.2	99.1	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,560	...	...	83.3	...	...
Renter	6,105	...	...	16.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	470	...	...	1.3	...	...
Not condominium	36,190	...	...	98.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	1,240	...	...	3.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,710	...	...	21.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,145	...	...	49.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,550	...	...	26.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,630	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 rooms	5,825	...	...	15.9	...	...
6 rooms	6,900	...	...	18.8	...	...
7 rooms	5,670	...	...	15.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,635	...	...	37.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,625	...	...	99.9	...	...
More than one person per room	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,165	...	...	98.6	...	...
Not suitable	495	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,500	...	...	12.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,980	...	...	24.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,510	...	...	15.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,285	...	...	11.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,630	...	...	7.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,935	...	...	10.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,230	...	...	11.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,590	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	35,070	...	...	95.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,585	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	17,820	...	...	48.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,995	...	...	49.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	845	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	585	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,005	...	...	10.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,845	...	...	15.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,840	...	...	18.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,860	...	...	21.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,320	...	...	20.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,445	...	...	9.4	...	...
85 years and over	755	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,535	...	...	86.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,045	...	...	13.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,750	...	...	13.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,780	...	...	18.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,715	...	...	12.9	...	...
Not suitable only	460	...	...	1.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,270	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	305	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,880	...	...	81.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,100	...	...	5.8	...	...
Not in core need	34,180	...	...	94.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,540	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.1	...	...	52.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,118	...	...	1,118	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	274,000	...	...	274,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	278,400	...	...	278,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,105	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.7	...	...	34.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.5	...	...	19.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	949	...	...	949	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	86,265	42,480	43,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,420	700	720	1.6	1.6	1.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,340	660	685	1.6	1.6	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	880	470	410	1.0	1.1	0.9
Métis single ancestry	235	85	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	225	105	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,585	1,250	1,330	3.0	2.9	3.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,495	1,230	1,265	2.9	2.9	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,735	875	865	2.0	2.1	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	375	180	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	380	175	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	82,260	40,530	41,735	95.4	95.4	95.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	86,265	42,480	43,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	85,700	42,160	43,540	99.3	99.2	99.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,025	8,230	7,790	18.6	19.4	17.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	69,680	33,930	35,750	80.8	79.9	81.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	565	320	240	0.7	0.8	0.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	86,265	42,480	43,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	84,910	41,775	43,140	98.4	98.3	98.5
Immigrants⁸¹	1,245	650	595	1.4	1.5	1.4
Before 1980	450	205	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
1980 to 1990	90	70	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
1991 to 2000	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
2001 to 2010	245	145	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	355	170	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
2011 to 2015	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
2016 to 2021	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,245	650	595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	215	85	135	17.3	13.1	22.7
5 to 14 years	185	100	80	14.9	15.4	13.4
15 to 24 years	220	140	80	17.7	21.5	13.4
25 to 44 years	525	255	265	42.2	39.2	44.5
45 years and over	95	65	35	7.6	10.0	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,245	650	595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	385	180	205	30.9	27.7	34.5
Brazil	45	20	30	3.6	3.1	5.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	20	2.0	1.5	3.4
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.7
United States of America	250	130	120	20.1	20.0	20.2
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	20	3.2	3.1	3.4
Europe	555	305	255	44.6	46.9	42.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	0	15	1.6	0.0	2.5
Germany	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.5
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.7
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	365	195	165	29.3	30.0	27.7
Other places of birth in Europe	105	75	30	8.4	11.5	5.0
Africa	115	90	25	9.2	13.8	4.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	30	10	3.2	4.6	1.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	25	15	3.2	3.8	2.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	20	0	1.6	3.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0	1.2	1.5	0.0
Asia	190	80	115	15.3	12.3	19.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.7
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	95	20	75	7.6	3.1	12.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	1.2	1.5	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	185	100	90	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	55	10	40	29.7	10.0	44.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	25	0	15	13.5	0.0	16.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	5.4	0.0	11.1
Europe	55	35	20	29.7	35.0	22.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	10.8	10.0	11.1
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	10	13.5	15.0	11.1
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	5.4	10.0	0.0
Africa	40	25	10	21.6	25.0	11.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	15	0	8.1	15.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	40	20	20	21.6	20.0	22.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	8.1	0.0	11.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	86,265	42,485	43,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,710	860	850	2.0	2.0	1.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,610	1,325	1,285	3.0	3.1	2.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	81,950	40,300	41,645	95.0	94.9	95.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	790	445	345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	440	235	210	55.7	52.8	60.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	210	120	85	26.6	27.0	24.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	230	115	115	29.1	25.8	33.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	330	205	130	41.8	46.1	37.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	790	445	345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	15	0	2.5	3.4	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	200	120	75	25.3	27.0	21.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30	15	10	3.8	3.4	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	30	25	7.0	6.7	7.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	485	260	225	61.4	58.4	65.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	86,265	42,485	43,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	880	415	465	1.0	1.0	1.1
South Asian	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese	115	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Black	235	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Filipino	120	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Southeast Asian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	85,385	42,070	43,320	99.0	99.0	98.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	86,265	42,485	43,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	24,385	12,020	12,365	28.3	28.3	28.2
English	30,115	14,500	15,615	34.9	34.1	35.7
Irish	27,655	13,585	14,070	32.1	32.0	32.1
Scottish	5,520	2,720	2,805	6.4	6.4	6.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,815	1,460	1,355	3.3	3.4	3.1
German	1,200	585	620	1.4	1.4	1.4
Chinese	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	290	115	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indian (India)	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ukrainian	185	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	235	105	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Polish	135	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Québécois	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,945	1,485	1,460	3.4	3.5	3.3
Filipino	150	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
French Canadian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,390	2,120	2,270	5.1	5.0	5.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	445	195	255	0.5	0.5	0.6
Métis	750	310	435	0.9	0.7	1.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,280	665	615	1.5	1.6	1.4
Russian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	310	160	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Welsh	985	450	535	1.1	1.1	1.2
Portuguese	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	310	165	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Spanish	195	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Swedish	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	160	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jewish	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	435	205	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	235	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	100	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,405	760	650	1.6	1.8	1.5
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	6,175	3,080	3,095	7.2	7.2	7.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	685	300	385	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	435	210	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	86,265	42,485	43,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian	73,780	35,915	37,865	85.5	84.5	86.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,135	1,040	1,095	2.5	2.4	2.5
Anabaptist	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	22,015	10,625	11,395	25.5	25.0	26.0
Baptist	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	32,980	16,285	16,695	38.2	38.3	38.1
Christian Orthodox	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	395	180	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,655	1,260	1,390	3.1	3.0	3.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,400	1,100	1,300	2.8	2.6	3.0
Presbyterian	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Reformed	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	10,110	4,890	5,220	11.7	11.5	11.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	655	340	315	0.8	0.8	0.7
Hindu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	12,220	6,445	5,775	14.2	15.2	13.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	85,540	42,090	43,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	78,770	38,970	39,800	92.1	92.6	91.6
Movers	6,775	3,125	3,655	7.9	7.4	8.4
Non-migrants	2,925	1,335	1,590	3.4	3.2	3.7
Migrants	3,845	1,785	2,065	4.5	4.2	4.8
Internal migrants	3,765	1,750	2,010	4.4	4.2	4.6
Intraprovincial migrants	2,760	1,235	1,520	3.2	2.9	3.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,000	515	485	1.2	1.2	1.1
External migrants	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	82,665	40,690	41,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	59,965	29,840	30,130	72.5	73.3	71.8
Movers	22,695	10,855	11,840	27.5	26.7	28.2
Non-migrants	6,880	3,305	3,575	8.3	8.1	8.5
Migrants	15,815	7,545	8,270	19.1	18.5	19.7
Internal migrants	15,510	7,410	8,100	18.8	18.2	19.3
Intraprovincial migrants	12,850	6,115	6,735	15.5	15.0	16.0
Interprovincial migrants	2,660	1,300	1,365	3.2	3.2	3.3
External migrants	305	130	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,175	35,785	37,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,215	7,725	6,495	19.4	21.6	17.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,960	28,065	30,890	80.6	78.4	82.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,440	22,515	23,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,280	3,185	2,095	11.4	14.1	8.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,165	19,330	21,830	88.6	85.9	91.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,170	35,785	37,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,790	6,640	6,155	17.5	18.6	16.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,095	9,060	10,035	26.1	25.3	26.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,285	20,095	21,200	56.4	56.2	56.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,115	15,875	14,240	41.2	44.4	38.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,540	6,460	2,080	11.7	18.1	5.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,880	2,300	1,575	5.3	6.4	4.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,665	4,160	510	6.4	11.6	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,815	8,705	11,115	27.1	24.3	29.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,760	710	1,045	2.4	2.0	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,170	4,215	6,955	15.3	11.8	18.6
Bachelor's degree	7,750	2,835	4,915	10.6	7.9	13.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	480	240	240	0.7	0.7	0.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	80	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	2,550	945	1,605	3.5	2.6	4.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	205	120	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,445	22,520	23,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,380	2,540	1,840	9.4	11.3	7.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,435	5,120	5,320	22.5	22.7	22.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,625	14,860	16,765	68.1	66.0	70.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,785	11,735	11,050	49.1	52.1	46.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,090	4,625	1,465	13.1	20.5	6.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,690	1,620	1,070	5.8	7.2	4.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,400	3,000	395	7.3	13.3	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,500	6,615	8,885	33.4	29.4	37.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,190	495	700	2.6	2.2	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,845	3,130	5,720	19.0	13.9	23.9
Bachelor's degree	6,060	2,135	3,925	13.0	9.5	16.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	365	185	185	0.8	0.8	0.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	155	50	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
Master's degree	2,125	695	1,430	4.6	3.1	6.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	135	60	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	73,170	35,790	37,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,885	15,695	16,190	43.6	43.9	43.3
Education	3,320	945	2,370	4.5	2.6	6.3
13. Education	3,320	945	2,370	4.5	2.6	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	520	255	270	0.7	0.7	0.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	90	10	0.1	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	425	165	255	0.6	0.5	0.7
Humanities	1,095	465	630	1.5	1.3	1.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	0	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	295	115	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	270	105	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	140	95	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	20	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,375	555	1,820	3.2	1.6	4.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	720	25	695	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	280	45	230	0.4	0.1	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	470	85	385	0.6	0.2	1.0
45. Social sciences	795	365	430	1.1	1.0	1.2
Business, management and public administration	8,680	1,860	6,820	11.9	5.2	18.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	450	55	400	0.6	0.2	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,215	1,810	6,415	11.2	5.1	17.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	920	415	505	1.3	1.2	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385	140	250	0.5	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250	130	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	245	140	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,445	810	630	2.0	2.3	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,290	740	555	1.8	2.1	1.5
25. Library science	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,175	11,095	1,080	16.6	31.0	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	1,025	800	225	1.4	2.2	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,125	2,605	520	4.3	7.3	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,960	3,815	145	5.4	10.7	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,220	2,125	90	3.0	5.9	0.2
48. Precision production	1,790	1,705	85	2.4	4.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	725	395	335	1.0	1.1	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	400	160	240	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	320	230	90	0.4	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	5,915	790	5,120	8.1	2.2	13.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	245	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,575	615	4,955	7.6	1.7	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,110	2,500	1,610	5.6	7.0	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,750	405	1,340	2.4	1.1	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	420	295	130	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,920	1,780	140	2.6	5.0	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,440	22,515	23,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,815	7,655	7,160	31.9	34.0	29.9
Education	2,010	480	1,525	4.3	2.1	6.4
13. Education	2,010	480	1,525	4.3	2.1	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	410	195	215	0.9	0.9	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	55	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	350	145	205	0.8	0.6	0.9
Humanities	720	300	410	1.6	1.3	1.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	145	65	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	215	90	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	105	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	10	60	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,970	450	1,520	4.2	2.0	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	610	25	580	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	250	40	210	0.5	0.2	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	380	65	310	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	635	280	355	1.4	1.2	1.5
Business, management and public administration	6,755	1,350	5,400	14.5	6.0	22.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	365	30	335	0.8	0.1	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,385	1,320	5,060	13.7	5.9	21.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	725	285	440	1.6	1.3	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	290	75	220	0.6	0.3	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	95	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	200	115	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,320	750	565	2.8	3.3	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,195	700	490	2.6	3.1	2.0
25. Library science	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,075	8,120	955	19.5	36.1	4.0
04. Architecture and related services	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	840	655	185	1.8	2.9	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,435	1,980	455	5.2	8.8	1.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,985	2,845	135	6.4	12.6	0.6
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,530	1,450	80	3.3	6.4	0.3
48. Precision production	1,240	1,155	80	2.7	5.1	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	635	340	300	1.4	1.5	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	345	135	205	0.7	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	295	200	95	0.6	0.9	0.4
Health and related fields	4,715	570	4,145	10.2	2.5	17.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	190	85	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,435	440	4,000	9.5	2.0	16.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,290	2,010	1,275	7.1	8.9	5.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,380	325	1,055	3.0	1.4	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	360	240	115	0.8	1.1	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,540	1,435	100	3.3	6.4	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,440	22,515	23,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,815	7,655	7,160	31.9	34.0	29.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,625	14,860	16,765	68.1	66.0	70.1
Location of study inside Canada	31,080	14,605	16,475	66.9	64.9	68.9
Same as province or territory of residence	27,475	13,025	14,450	59.2	57.9	60.4
Different than province or territory of residence	3,600	1,580	2,025	7.8	7.0	8.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	545	255	290	1.2	1.1	1.2
Americas	195	60	135	0.4	0.3	0.6
United States of America	140	45	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	210	125	85	0.5	0.6	0.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	150	80	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Africa	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australia	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	73,170	35,785	37,380	...	...	...
In the labour force	42,940	21,830	21,105	...	...	...
Employed	36,955	18,150	18,805	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,985	3,680	2,300	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,235	13,955	16,275	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.7	61.0	56.5	58.7	61.0	56.5
Employment rate	50.5	50.7	50.3	50.5	50.7	50.3
Unemployment rate	13.9	16.9	10.9	13.9	16.9	10.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	73,170	35,790	37,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,490	13,450	16,040	40.3	37.6	42.9
Worked	43,680	22,340	21,345	59.7	62.4	57.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	22,310	11,160	11,150	30.5	31.2	29.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,375	11,175	10,195	29.2	31.2	27.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.9	37.8	40.2	38.9	37.8	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	42,935	21,830	21,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,170	705	460	2.7	3.2	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	41,765	21,120	20,640	97.3	96.7	97.8
Employee	38,130	18,940	19,185	88.8	86.8	90.9
Permanent position	27,610	13,215	14,400	64.3	60.5	68.2
Temporary position	10,515	5,730	4,785	24.5	26.2	22.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,315	1,015	1,300	5.4	4.6	6.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,200	4,715	3,485	19.1	21.6	16.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,640	2,180	1,460	8.5	10.0	6.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	42,935	21,830	21,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,170	705	460	2.7	3.2	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	41,765	21,120	20,640	97.3	96.7	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	350	185	165	0.8	0.8	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,480	1,560	4,925	15.1	7.1	23.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,110	2,390	720	7.2	10.9	3.4
3 Health occupations	3,850	510	3,340	9.0	2.3	15.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,285	1,345	3,945	12.3	6.2	18.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	665	280	390	1.5	1.3	1.8
6 Sales and service occupations	9,455	3,635	5,825	22.0	16.7	27.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,575	8,895	685	22.3	40.7	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,470	1,225	245	3.4	5.6	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,530	1,120	415	3.6	5.1	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	42,935	21,830	21,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,170	705	460	2.7	3.2	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	41,765	21,120	20,640	97.3	96.7	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,305	960	350	3.0	4.4	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,580	1,320	260	3.7	6.0	1.2
22 Utilities	520	365	155	1.2	1.7	0.7
23 Construction	4,560	4,055	510	10.6	18.6	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	2,010	1,435	580	4.7	6.6	2.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,060	775	280	2.5	3.6	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	4,895	2,120	2,780	11.4	9.7	13.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,145	1,660	490	5.0	7.6	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	415	235	180	1.0	1.1	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	920	245	675	2.1	1.1	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	390	245	140	0.9	1.1	0.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,190	1,265	925	5.1	5.8	4.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,225	730	500	2.9	3.3	2.4
61 Educational services	2,820	785	2,035	6.6	3.6	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	6,630	845	5,780	15.4	3.9	27.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	545	265	275	1.3	1.2	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,410	790	1,625	5.6	3.6	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,945	1,055	885	4.5	4.8	4.2
91 Public administration	4,165	1,970	2,195	9.7	9.0	10.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	46,695	23,825	22,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	46,230	23,675	22,555	99.0	99.4	98.6
French	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	355	90	270	0.8	0.4	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	40	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	46,695	23,825	22,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	46,650	23,815	22,835	99.9	100.0	99.8
Official languages	46,640	23,805	22,835	99.9	99.9	99.8
English	46,490	23,785	22,705	99.6	99.8	99.3
French	150	25	125	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	46,695	23,825	22,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	46,340	23,710	22,630	99.2	99.5	99.0
English	85	10	80	0.2	0.0	0.3
French	220	70	150	0.5	0.3	0.7
Non-official language	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	36,955	18,150	18,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,275	2,125	3,150	14.3	11.7	16.8
Worked outside Canada	135	125	10	0.4	0.7	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,405	4,780	1,630	17.3	26.3	8.7
Usual place of work	25,135	11,120	14,015	68.0	61.3	74.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	25,135	11,125	14,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,160	2,590	4,570	28.5	23.3	32.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	17,150	7,875	9,275	68.2	70.8	66.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	445	350	100	1.8	3.1	0.7
Commute to a different province or territory	380	305	70	1.5	2.7	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	31,545	15,900	15,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	28,935	14,195	14,745	91.7	89.3	94.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	26,635	13,180	13,450	84.4	82.9	86.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,305	1,015	1,290	7.3	6.4	8.2
Public transit	350	265	85	1.1	1.7	0.5
Walked	795	320	480	2.5	2.0	3.1
Bicycle	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other method	1,445	1,110	330	4.6	7.0	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	31,545	15,900	15,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,330	4,875	6,450	35.9	30.7	41.2
15 to 29 minutes	12,420	6,155	6,265	39.4	38.7	40.1
30 to 44 minutes	3,795	2,115	1,680	12.0	13.3	10.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,265	775	485	4.0	4.9	3.1
60 minutes and over	2,735	1,975	755	8.7	12.4	4.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	31,545	15,900	15,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,695	1,295	395	5.4	8.1	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,730	3,075	1,650	15.0	19.3	10.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,220	5,260	4,955	32.4	33.1	31.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,780	3,205	4,575	24.7	20.2	29.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,050	1,025	2,025	9.7	6.4	12.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,075	2,035	2,035	12.9	12.8	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,180	8,255	7,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	410	180	235	2.5	2.2	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,770	8,075	7,690	97.5	97.8	97.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,320	6,290	6,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	320	140	180	2.6	2.2	3.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	145	65	85	1.2	1.0	1.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	170	75	95	1.4	1.2	1.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,005	6,155	5,850	97.4	97.9	97.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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