Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Argenteuil--La Petite-NationMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	109,205	54,815	54,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,075	9,300	8,780	16.6	17.0	16.1
0 to 4 years	5,625	2,905	2,715	5.2	5.3	5.0
5 to 9 years	6,155	3,165	2,990	5.6	5.8	5.5
10 to 14 years	6,295	3,225	3,070	5.8	5.9	5.6
15 to 64 years	68,420	34,320	34,095	62.7	62.6	62.7
15 to 19 years	5,210	2,690	2,515	4.8	4.9	4.6
20 to 24 years	4,625	2,370	2,255	4.2	4.3	4.1
25 to 29 years	6,120	2,980	3,140	5.6	5.4	5.8
30 to 34 years	6,720	3,335	3,385	6.2	6.1	6.2
35 to 39 years	6,545	3,280	3,265	6.0	6.0	6.0
40 to 44 years	6,560	3,245	3,315	6.0	5.9	6.1
45 to 49 years	6,350	3,250	3,105	5.8	5.9	5.7
50 to 54 years	7,335	3,625	3,710	6.7	6.6	6.8
55 to 59 years	9,530	4,845	4,690	8.7	8.8	8.6
60 to 64 years	9,430	4,705	4,725	8.6	8.6	8.7
65 years and over	22,705	11,195	11,510	20.8	20.4	21.2
65 to 69 years	7,900	4,085	3,815	7.2	7.5	7.0
70 to 74 years	6,230	3,195	3,040	5.7	5.8	5.6
75 to 79 years	4,315	2,120	2,190	4.0	3.9	4.0
80 to 84 years	2,290	1,020	1,270	2.1	1.9	2.3
85 years and over	1,970	775	1,195	1.8	1.4	2.2
85 to 89 years	1,250	560	690	1.1	1.0	1.3
90 to 94 years	570	190	380	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	130	20	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.0	16.1	16.6	17.0	16.1
15 to 64 years	62.7	62.6	62.7	62.7	62.6	62.7
65 years and over	20.8	20.4	21.2	20.8	20.4	21.2
85 years and over	1.8	1.4	2.2	1.8	1.4	2.2
Average age of the population	43.5	43.1	43.9	43.5	43.1	43.9
Median age of the population	45.6	45.2	46.0	45.6	45.2	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	47,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	32,430	...	...	68.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,620	...	...	9.7	...	...
Row house	1,045	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,760	...	...	5.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,370	...	...	13.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	205	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	47,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,825	...	...	31.1	...	...
2 persons	18,135	...	...	38.0	...	...
3 persons	6,595	...	...	13.8	...	...
4 persons	5,265	...	...	11.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,880	...	...	6.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	107,810	54,270	53,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	91,125	45,515	45,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	53,955	26,920	27,040	59.2	59.1	59.3
Married	29,900	14,925	14,980	32.8	32.8	32.8
Living common-law	24,055	11,995	12,060	26.4	26.4	26.4
Living common law - Never married	18,870	9,360	9,515	20.7	20.6	20.9
Living common law - Separated	380	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	4,265	2,230	2,035	4.7	4.9	4.5
Living common law - Widowed	540	210	325	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	37,165	18,595	18,575	40.8	40.9	40.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,870	13,240	10,635	26.2	29.1	23.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,435	750	690	1.6	1.6	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,645	3,165	3,480	7.3	7.0	7.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,215	1,450	3,770	5.7	3.2	8.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,605	...	...	58.2	...	...
3 persons	6,280	...	...	19.6	...	...
4 persons	4,930	...	...	15.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,165	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,620	...	...	83.2	...	...
Married couples	14,595	...	...	45.6	...	...
With children⁶	5,150	...	...	16.1	...	...
Without children	9,445	...	...	29.5	...	...
Common-law couples	12,025	...	...	37.6	...	...
With children⁶	6,115	...	...	19.1	...	...
Without children	5,905	...	...	18.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,360	...	...	16.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,800	...	...	11.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,560	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	107,810	54,270	53,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	87,405	43,595	43,815	81.1	80.3	81.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,235	26,575	26,655	49.4	49.0	49.8
Parents in one-parent families	5,360	1,560	3,800	5.0	2.9	7.1
Children⁶	28,810	15,455	13,355	26.7	28.5	24.9
In a two-parent family	20,610	10,970	9,640	19.1	20.2	18.0
In a one-parent family	8,200	4,485	3,715	7.6	8.3	6.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,405	10,675	9,725	18.9	19.7	18.2
Living alone	14,825	7,865	6,960	13.8	14.5	13.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,400	1,075	1,320	2.2	2.0	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	3,180	1,735	1,450	2.9	3.2	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	47,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,910	...	...	60.6	...	...
Couple-family households	24,555	...	...	51.5	...	...
With children⁶	10,390	...	...	21.8	...	...
Without children	14,165	...	...	29.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,350	...	...	9.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	915	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,315	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,510	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	14,820	...	...	31.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	89,740	44,970	44,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,780	43,985	43,795	97.8	97.8	97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	44,400	37,200	40,800	44,400	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,810	44,005	43,810	97.8	97.9	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,800	33,600	36,000	38,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,465	39,570	37,900	86.3	88.0	84.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,800	29,400	34,000	38,800	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,540	32,175	29,360	68.6	71.5	65.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,000	32,400	36,000	40,000	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,790	35,210	37,580	81.1	78.3	83.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	11,300	12,600	12,000	11,300	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,315	6,205	5,110	12.6	13.8	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,520	5,520	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,220	12,705	10,510	25.9	28.3	23.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,550	6,000	8,000	6,550	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,875	45,005	44,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,850	44,095	43,755	97.7	98.0	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,760	51,800	43,720	47,760	51,800	43,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,870	44,105	43,760	97.8	98.0	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,840	42,400	37,280	39,840	42,400	37,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,425	39,530	37,895	86.1	87.8	84.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,920	46,760	36,880	41,920	46,760	36,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,645	32,215	29,430	68.6	71.6	65.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	46,400	38,840	42,800	46,400	38,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,090	35,440	37,645	81.3	78.7	83.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,020	12,310	13,680	13,020	12,310	13,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,755	6,380	5,375	13.1	14.2	12.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,970	6,450	7,580	6,970	6,450	7,580
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,770	13,035	10,735	26.4	29.0	23.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,010	7,650	8,440	8,010	7,650	8,440
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,875	45,005	44,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,110	15,930	14,180	33.5	35.4	31.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	60,800	53,200	57,200	60,800	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,050	66,600	57,000	62,050	66,600	57,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,705	11,880	11,825	26.4	26.4	26.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	23,200	17,000	19,600	23,200	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,600	30,960	24,220	27,600	30,960	24,220
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	80.8	73.0	77.4	80.8	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.9	65.4	59.8	62.9	65.4	59.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.7	19.1	26.9	22.7	19.1	26.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.8	2.1	2.0	1.8	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	5.0	5.8	5.3	5.0	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.4	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	89,740	44,970	44,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,960	985	970	2.2	2.2	2.2
With total income	87,780	43,985	43,795	97.8	97.8	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,610	2,430	3,185	6.4	5.5	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	10,815	4,555	6,260	12.3	10.4	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	14,585	6,740	7,845	16.6	15.3	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	11,855	5,650	6,205	13.5	12.8	14.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,195	5,545	5,655	12.8	12.6	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	9,140	4,775	4,365	10.4	10.9	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,215	3,920	3,295	8.2	8.9	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,225	2,990	2,235	6.0	6.8	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,005	2,250	1,755	4.6	5.1	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,570	1,450	1,115	2.9	3.3	2.6
$100,000 and over	5,555	3,670	1,880	6.3	8.4	4.3
$100,000 to $149,999	4,445	2,890	1,555	5.1	6.6	3.6
$150,000 and over	1,105	775	330	1.3	1.8	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	89,740	44,970	44,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,925	965	965	2.1	2.1	2.1
With after-tax income	87,810	44,005	43,810	97.9	97.9	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,100	2,585	3,515	6.9	5.9	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,395	4,875	6,525	13.0	11.1	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	17,225	8,065	9,155	19.6	18.3	20.9
$30,000 to $39,999	14,775	7,350	7,420	16.8	16.7	16.9
$40,000 to $49,999	13,295	6,945	6,355	15.1	15.8	14.5
$50,000 to $59,999	9,910	5,435	4,475	11.3	12.4	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,435	3,535	2,900	7.3	8.0	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,785	2,080	1,705	4.3	4.7	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,150	1,315	835	2.4	3.0	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,145	725	420	1.3	1.6	1.0
$100,000 and over	1,600	1,100	505	1.8	2.5	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	995	670	325	1.1	1.5	0.7
$125,000 and over	605	425	180	0.7	1.0	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	89,740	44,970	44,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,205	12,800	15,405	31.4	28.5	34.4
With employment income	61,540	32,170	29,365	68.6	71.5	65.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,060	4,280	3,780	13.1	13.3	12.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,745	2,140	2,605	7.7	6.7	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,500	3,440	4,060	12.2	10.7	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	6,495	3,060	3,435	10.6	9.5	11.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,370	3,120	3,250	10.4	9.7	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	6,105	3,030	3,075	9.9	9.4	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,355	2,950	2,405	8.7	9.2	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,725	2,685	2,040	7.7	8.3	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,410	2,010	1,400	5.5	6.2	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,055	1,710	1,345	5.0	5.3	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,725	1,055	670	2.8	3.3	2.3
$100,000 and over	3,995	2,690	1,310	6.5	8.4	4.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,455	1,620	835	4.0	5.0	2.8
$125,000 and over	1,545	1,070	475	2.5	3.3	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	89,740	44,970	44,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,425	43,315	43,110	96.3	96.3	96.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,200	34,000	38,800	43,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,490	43,325	43,170	96.4	96.3	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,600	30,800	34,400	37,600	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,460	39,125	37,335	85.2	87.0	83.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	30,200	35,200	40,400	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,940	32,305	29,635	69.0	71.8	66.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,600	32,400	36,800	41,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,365	31,440	34,930	74.0	69.9	78.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,200	9,800	9,000	8,200	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,500	5,895	4,605	11.7	13.1	10.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	4,840	5,120	4,960	4,840	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,875	45,005	44,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,550	43,360	43,190	96.3	96.3	96.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,440	50,240	40,600	45,440	50,240	40,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,590	43,375	43,215	96.3	96.4	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,840	41,040	34,600	37,840	41,040	34,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,460	38,960	37,505	85.1	86.6	83.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,520	48,160	36,680	42,520	48,160	36,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,125	32,295	29,830	69.1	71.8	66.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,160	47,720	38,240	43,160	47,720	38,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,405	31,425	34,980	73.9	69.8	78.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,230	9,580	10,810	10,230	9,580	10,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,795	6,100	4,695	12.0	13.6	10.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,570	5,765	7,610	6,570	5,765	7,610
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,875	45,005	44,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,900	15,800	14,105	33.3	35.1	31.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	59,600	49,200	54,800	59,600	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,050	64,400	53,050	59,050	64,400	53,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,470	11,300	11,170	25.0	25.1	24.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	30,000	21,400	25,000	30,000	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,720	37,240	28,120	32,720	37,240	28,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.8	86.2	78.4	82.8	86.2	78.4
Employment income (%)	68.2	70.8	65.0	68.2	70.8	65.0
Government transfers (%)	17.3	13.8	21.6	17.3	13.8	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.0	1.8	1.6	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	47,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	47,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,300	...	...	73,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,920	...	...	44,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,800	...	...	37,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,200	...	...	107,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,300	...	...	89,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	350	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	270	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	650	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,005	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,695	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,750	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,755	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,225	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,175	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,010	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,880	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,625	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,380	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,020	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,780	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,115	...	...	33.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,815	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,920	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,070	...	...	8.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,315	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	400	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	665	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,090	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,870	...	...	6.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,135	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,165	...	...	4.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,620	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,575	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,360	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,735	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,355	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,815	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,500	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,010	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,115	...	...	23.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,320	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,905	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,885	...	...	6.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,005	9,595	8,405	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	38,800	32,800	36,000	38,800	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	34,400	30,200	32,400	34,400	30,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,200	...	...	107,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	89,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...	94,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,200	...	...	78,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,600	...	...	138,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,500	...	...	114,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,650	...	...	62,650	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,005	9,760	8,245	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,840	46,280	40,960	43,840	46,280	40,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,000	38,440	35,320	37,000	38,440	35,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	107,810	54,270	53,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,325	10,970	10,355	19.8	20.2	19.3
0 to 5 years	6,845	3,545	3,305	6.3	6.5	6.2
18 to 64 years	64,920	32,495	32,425	60.2	59.9	60.6
65 years and over	21,570	10,800	10,765	20.0	19.9	20.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,745	6,195	6,550	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,280	1,190	1,090	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	795	415	380	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,220	3,135	3,085	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,240	1,870	2,370	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8	11.4	12.2	11.8	11.4	12.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.5	10.7	10.8	10.5
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.7	9.5	9.6	9.7	9.5
65 years and over (%)	19.7	17.3	22.0	19.7	17.3	22.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,810	54,270	53,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,325	10,970	10,355	19.8	20.2	19.3
0 to 5 years	6,845	3,545	3,305	6.3	6.5	6.2
18 to 64 years	64,920	32,495	32,425	60.2	59.9	60.6
65 years and over	21,570	10,800	10,765	20.0	19.9	20.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,935	1,575	1,360	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	400	220	175	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	135	75	60	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,240	1,225	1,020	...	...	...
65 years and over	295	130	165	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	2.0	1.7	1.9	2.0	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.8	3.1	3.5	3.8	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	107,810	54,265	53,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	61,415	30,480	30,935	57.0	56.2	57.8
In bottom decile	10,810	5,330	5,475	10.0	9.8	10.2
In second decile	12,315	5,945	6,370	11.4	11.0	11.9
In third decile	12,925	6,380	6,545	12.0	11.8	12.2
In fourth decile	12,850	6,480	6,375	11.9	11.9	11.9
In fifth decile	12,510	6,350	6,165	11.6	11.7	11.5
In top half of the distribution	46,400	23,785	22,610	43.0	43.8	42.2
In sixth decile	12,175	6,190	5,990	11.3	11.4	11.2
In seventh decile	11,485	5,880	5,610	10.7	10.8	10.5
In eighth decile	10,055	5,155	4,905	9.3	9.5	9.2
In ninth decile	8,235	4,250	3,985	7.6	7.8	7.4
In top decile	4,445	2,320	2,125	4.1	4.3	4.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	107,815	...	...	107,815	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.288	...	...	0.288	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.422	...	...	0.422	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.250	...	...	0.250	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	108,630	54,585	54,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	4,000	2,010	1,985	3.7	3.7	3.7
French only	46,320	21,940	24,385	42.6	40.2	45.1
English and French	58,200	30,575	27,630	53.6	56.0	51.1
Neither English nor French	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	108,630	54,585	54,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	10,795	5,440	5,355	9.9	10.0	9.9
French	96,550	48,505	48,050	88.9	88.9	88.9
English and French	1,180	590	595	1.1	1.1	1.1
Neither English nor French	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	108,630	54,585	54,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,730	53,145	52,585	97.3	97.4	97.3
Official languages	103,585	52,090	51,500	95.4	95.4	95.3
English	9,490	4,795	4,690	8.7	8.8	8.7
French	94,100	47,295	46,810	86.6	86.6	86.6
Non-official languages	2,140	1,055	1,085	2.0	1.9	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,135	1,055	1,080	2.0	1.9	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	275	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	230	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,340	675	665	1.2	1.2	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	165	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	740	380	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	375	190	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,900	1,440	1,460	2.7	2.6	2.7
English and French	2,510	1,255	1,255	2.3	2.3	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	108,630	54,585	54,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,320	4,245	4,075	7.7	7.8	7.5
French	89,555	44,895	44,655	82.4	82.2	82.6
Non-official language	405	190	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	405	190	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	8,570	4,350	4,225	7.9	8.0	7.8
English and non-official language(s)	370	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	640	325	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	740	375	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	108,630	54,585	54,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,105	53,340	52,770	97.7	97.7	97.6
Official languages	105,320	52,950	52,365	97.0	97.0	96.9
English	10,450	5,310	5,145	9.6	9.7	9.5
French	94,865	47,640	47,225	87.3	87.3	87.4
Non-official languages	790	385	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	790	385	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	490	240	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,525	1,245	1,275	2.3	2.3	2.4
English and French	2,125	1,055	1,075	2.0	1.9	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	108,630	54,585	54,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	100,620	50,500	50,125	92.6	92.5	92.8
English	4,865	2,505	2,355	4.5	4.6	4.4
French	1,970	985	990	1.8	1.8	1.8
Non-official language	585	300	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	575	295	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	285	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,920	54,315	53,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	107,820	54,260	53,565	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	62,160	32,595	29,565	57.6	60.0	55.2
French	103,920	52,400	51,525	96.3	96.5	96.1
Non-official languages	5,180	2,520	2,660	4.8	4.6	5.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,155	2,515	2,645	4.8	4.6	4.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	495	270	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	455	240	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	430	230	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	290	130	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	245	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,770	1,880	1,890	3.5	3.5	3.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	310	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	305	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	515	265	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	410	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	380	195	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,915	1,415	1,495	2.7	2.6	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	280	165	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	325	195	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romanian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,415	1,135	1,280	2.2	2.1	2.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	350	150	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,920	54,315	53,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,480	2,235	2,245	4.2	4.1	4.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,240	2,125	2,115	3.9	3.9	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,525	1,260	1,265	2.3	2.3	2.4
Métis	1,635	835	800	1.5	1.5	1.5
Inuk (Inuit)	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	103,440	52,080	51,360	95.8	95.9	95.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,920	54,315	53,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	595	315	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	107,320	54,000	53,320	99.4	99.4	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	47,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,155	...	...	73.6	...	...
Renter	12,615	...	...	26.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	47,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,325	...	...	4.9	...	...
Not condominium	45,455	...	...	95.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	47,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,510	...	...	9.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,160	...	...	31.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,055	...	...	37.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,950	...	...	20.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	47,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,280	...	...	23.6	...	...
5 rooms	8,615	...	...	18.0	...	...
6 rooms	7,560	...	...	15.8	...	...
7 rooms	6,965	...	...	14.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,350	...	...	27.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	47,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,545	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	47,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,480	...	...	97.3	...	...
Not suitable	1,300	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	47,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,220	...	...	21.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,350	...	...	23.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,285	...	...	13.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,585	...	...	13.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,035	...	...	6.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,735	...	...	7.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,410	...	...	7.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,160	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	47,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,365	...	...	92.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,410	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	47,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,785	...	...	51.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,860	...	...	45.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,130	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	47,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,015	...	...	2.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,210	...	...	13.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,430	...	...	15.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,950	...	...	16.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,295	...	...	23.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,710	...	...	18.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,185	...	...	8.8	...	...
85 years and over	980	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,735	...	...	86.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,590	...	...	13.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,075	...	...	12.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	47,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,495	...	...	22.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,895	...	...	12.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,105	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,705	...	...	5.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	590	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,280	...	...	78.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,635	...	...	5.6	...	...
Not in core need	44,175	...	...	94.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,835	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.1	...	...	66.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.2	...	...	10.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	274,000	...	...	274,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	303,600	...	...	303,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,600	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.3	...	...	24.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.3	...	...	12.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	755	...	...	755	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	796	...	...	796	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,920	54,315	53,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,165	2,060	2,105	3.9	3.8	3.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,120	2,030	2,085	3.8	3.7	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,530	1,760	1,770	3.3	3.2	3.3
Métis single ancestry	540	260	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,470	2,575	2,890	5.1	4.7	5.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,405	2,545	2,855	5.0	4.7	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,785	2,220	2,565	4.4	4.1	4.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	590	315	275	0.5	0.6	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	98,290	49,675	48,615	91.1	91.5	90.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,920	54,315	53,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	106,850	53,790	53,055	99.0	99.0	99.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,135	10,780	10,355	19.6	19.8	19.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	85,710	43,010	42,705	79.4	79.2	79.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,070	525	545	1.0	1.0	1.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,920	54,315	53,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,240	52,510	51,735	96.6	96.7	96.5
Immigrants⁸¹	3,470	1,680	1,785	3.2	3.1	3.3
Before 1980	775	435	335	0.7	0.8	0.6
1980 to 1990	455	245	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
1991 to 2000	505	230	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
2001 to 2010	925	385	530	0.9	0.7	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	815	380	440	0.8	0.7	0.8
2011 to 2015	385	160	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
2016 to 2021	440	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	210	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,470	1,680	1,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	415	220	195	12.0	13.1	10.9
5 to 14 years	670	320	355	19.3	19.0	19.9
15 to 24 years	600	275	325	17.3	16.4	18.2
25 to 44 years	1,550	740	815	44.7	44.0	45.7
45 years and over	235	135	100	6.8	8.0	5.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,470	1,680	1,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	725	300	425	20.9	17.9	23.8
Brazil	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Colombia	60	30	30	1.7	1.8	1.7
El Salvador	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.6
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	165	80	90	4.8	4.8	5.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Mexico	45	10	35	1.3	0.6	2.0
Peru	20	10	15	0.6	0.6	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	25	20	0	0.7	1.2	0.0
United States of America	190	90	105	5.5	5.4	5.9
Other places of birth in Americas	165	45	120	4.8	2.7	6.7
Europe	1,435	790	645	41.4	47.0	36.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.8
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	530	285	240	15.3	17.0	13.4
Germany	80	40	40	2.3	2.4	2.2
Greece	35	25	10	1.0	1.5	0.6
Hungary	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Italy	55	45	10	1.6	2.7	0.6
Netherlands	25	15	0	0.7	0.9	0.0
Poland	60	25	30	1.7	1.5	1.7
Portugal	115	50	65	3.3	3.0	3.6
Romania	55	20	35	1.6	1.2	2.0
Russian Federation	70	40	35	2.0	2.4	2.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	60	35	2.9	3.6	2.0
Other places of birth in Europe	275	170	105	7.9	10.1	5.9
Africa	835	400	435	24.1	23.8	24.4
Algeria	85	40	40	2.4	2.4	2.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	110	70	45	3.2	4.2	2.5
Egypt	25	10	20	0.7	0.6	1.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	80	55	30	2.3	3.3	1.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	525	225	295	15.1	13.4	16.5
Asia	460	180	280	13.3	10.7	15.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Iraq	25	15	10	0.7	0.9	0.6
Lebanon	80	45	35	2.3	2.7	2.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	15	0.6	0.6	0.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	45	60	3.0	2.7	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Philippines	60	0	55	1.7	0.0	3.1
Viet Nam	25	0	25	0.7	0.0	1.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	25	10	0.9	1.5	0.6
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	15	50	1.9	0.9	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	440	215	215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	65	35	30	14.8	16.3	14.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	2.3	4.7	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	2.3	0.0	4.7
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	2.3	0.0	4.7
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	10	5.7	7.0	4.7
Europe	130	55	75	29.5	25.6	34.9
France	80	35	45	18.2	16.3	20.9
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	10	3.4	0.0	4.7
Other places of birth in Europe	35	15	20	8.0	7.0	9.3
Africa	170	100	70	38.6	46.5	32.6
Algeria	10	0	10	2.3	0.0	4.7
Burundi	15	0	15	3.4	0.0	7.0
Cameroon	45	15	30	10.2	7.0	14.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	0	3.4	4.7	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	15	0	4.5	7.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	35	15	11.4	16.3	7.0
Asia	75	35	45	17.0	16.3	20.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	10	0	2.3	4.7	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	25	10	0	5.7	4.7	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	2.3	0.0	4.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,915	54,315	53,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,110	1,980	2,130	3.8	3.6	4.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,275	2,310	1,970	4.0	4.3	3.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	99,535	50,030	49,505	92.2	92.1	92.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,700	1,245	1,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,340	670	670	49.6	53.8	46.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	585	360	225	21.7	28.9	15.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	760	310	445	28.1	24.9	30.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	915	370	550	33.9	29.7	37.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	410	185	225	15.2	14.9	15.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	20	10	1.1	1.6	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,700	1,245	1,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	180	75	105	6.7	6.0	7.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	240	115	130	8.9	9.2	8.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	70	35	35	2.6	2.8	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	110	70	35	4.1	5.6	2.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,085	940	1,145	77.2	75.5	78.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,920	54,315	53,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,055	1,410	1,640	2.8	2.6	3.1
South Asian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	220	80	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Black	1,570	760	805	1.5	1.4	1.5
Filipino	100	15	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
Arab	335	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	335	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	100	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	104,865	52,900	51,965	97.2	97.4	96.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,920	54,315	53,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	41,335	20,730	20,605	38.3	38.2	38.4
English	3,565	1,815	1,750	3.3	3.3	3.3
Irish	8,270	3,995	4,275	7.7	7.4	8.0
Scottish	3,975	1,925	2,050	3.7	3.5	3.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	24,970	12,620	12,350	23.1	23.2	23.0
German	2,415	1,205	1,210	2.2	2.2	2.3
Chinese	290	120	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italian	1,500	820	680	1.4	1.5	1.3
Indian (India)	255	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	415	185	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Dutch	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	445	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Québécois	13,625	6,870	6,760	12.6	12.6	12.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	470	280	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Filipino	125	30	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
French Canadian	8,920	4,545	4,375	8.3	8.4	8.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,010	1,575	1,445	2.8	2.9	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,755	1,740	2,015	3.5	3.2	3.8
Métis	1,230	625	600	1.1	1.2	1.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,390	680	715	1.3	1.3	1.3
Russian	170	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Norwegian	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	160	50	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	605	295	315	0.6	0.5	0.6
American	520	225	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
Spanish	395	185	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Swedish	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Acadian	900	470	430	0.8	0.9	0.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	370	205	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	95	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	245	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	285	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	115	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lebanese	215	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,305	670	640	1.2	1.2	1.2
Danish	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,190	580	610	1.1	1.1	1.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	675	335	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	365	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	420	170	250	0.4	0.3	0.5
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	1,820	835	985	1.7	1.5	1.8
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nova Scotian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	145	100	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latvian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	210	75	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
Argentinian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	420	220	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	140	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	270	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Norman	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	155	50	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,920	54,315	53,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	75,915	37,165	38,745	70.3	68.4	72.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,195	2,475	2,715	4.8	4.6	5.1
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	715	370	340	0.7	0.7	0.6
Baptist	630	315	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catholic	66,130	32,435	33,695	61.3	59.7	62.9
Christian Orthodox	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	215	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Reformed	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	640	265	375	0.6	0.5	0.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,340	675	665	1.2	1.2	1.2
Hindu	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	475	265	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	405	185	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	30,900	16,600	14,300	28.6	30.6	26.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	106,730	53,745	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	93,205	47,040	46,165	87.3	87.5	87.1
Movers	13,530	6,705	6,825	12.7	12.5	12.9
Non-migrants	6,340	3,105	3,235	5.9	5.8	6.1
Migrants	7,190	3,595	3,590	6.7	6.7	6.8
Internal migrants	7,060	3,525	3,535	6.6	6.6	6.7
Intraprovincial migrants	6,255	3,115	3,135	5.9	5.8	5.9
Interprovincial migrants	805	410	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,280	51,380	50,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,615	31,025	29,590	59.3	60.4	58.1
Movers	41,670	20,350	21,315	40.7	39.6	41.9
Non-migrants	15,415	7,360	8,055	15.1	14.3	15.8
Migrants	26,255	12,990	13,260	25.7	25.3	26.1
Internal migrants	25,660	12,685	12,975	25.1	24.7	25.5
Intraprovincial migrants	23,270	11,460	11,810	22.8	22.3	23.2
Interprovincial migrants	2,395	1,230	1,165	2.3	2.4	2.3
External migrants	590	305	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,875	45,010	44,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,075	14,285	10,790	27.9	31.7	24.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	64,805	30,725	34,080	72.1	68.3	76.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,410	29,200	29,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,025	8,085	4,940	22.3	27.7	16.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	45,380	21,115	24,265	77.7	72.3	83.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,875	45,005	44,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,550	11,885	9,665	24.0	26.4	21.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,415	10,705	11,710	24.9	23.8	26.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,910	22,420	23,495	51.1	49.8	52.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,240	18,090	17,150	39.2	40.2	38.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,085	10,760	7,325	20.1	23.9	16.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,595	6,415	6,175	14.0	14.3	13.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,495	4,345	1,150	6.1	9.7	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,830	6,425	8,395	16.5	14.3	18.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,325	895	1,425	2.6	2.0	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,675	4,330	6,345	11.9	9.6	14.1
Bachelor's degree	7,470	2,785	4,685	8.3	6.2	10.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	895	385	505	1.0	0.9	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	1,865	910	955	2.1	2.0	2.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	255	145	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,405	29,200	29,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,425	6,345	4,080	17.8	21.7	14.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,945	6,355	6,590	22.2	21.8	22.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,035	16,500	18,535	60.0	56.5	63.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,810	13,490	13,320	45.9	46.2	45.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,235	8,210	6,020	24.4	28.1	20.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,980	4,845	5,135	17.1	16.6	17.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,250	3,365	890	7.3	11.5	3.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,120	4,750	6,370	19.0	16.3	21.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,455	530	925	2.5	1.8	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,225	3,010	5,215	14.1	10.3	17.9
Bachelor's degree	5,805	1,965	3,840	9.9	6.7	13.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	645	255	395	1.1	0.9	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	130	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	1,450	635	810	2.5	2.2	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	200	105	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,875	45,005	44,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,960	22,590	21,375	48.9	50.2	47.6
Education	3,395	820	2,580	3.8	1.8	5.8
13. Education	3,395	820	2,580	3.8	1.8	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,215	510	710	1.4	1.1	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	225	170	60	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	990	340	645	1.1	0.8	1.4
Humanities	1,960	745	1,220	2.2	1.7	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	295	55	235	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	930	375	550	1.0	0.8	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	105	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	270	65	210	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,835	1,130	2,705	4.3	2.5	6.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	145	245	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	955	60	895	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	620	200	420	0.7	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	590	120	475	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,170	560	605	1.3	1.2	1.3
Business, management and public administration	9,885	2,805	7,085	11.0	6.2	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	640	155	485	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,235	2,640	6,595	10.3	5.9	14.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,020	515	505	1.1	1.1	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	390	135	255	0.4	0.3	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	135	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	225	155	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,590	1,125	470	1.8	2.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,350	1,030	320	1.5	2.3	0.7
25. Library science	160	30	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,070	10,340	735	12.3	23.0	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	310	190	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	745	595	145	0.8	1.3	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,965	1,735	225	2.2	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,610	3,505	105	4.0	7.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,845	2,750	90	3.2	6.1	0.2
48. Precision production	1,605	1,555	50	1.8	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,505	910	590	1.7	2.0	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	950	430	515	1.1	1.0	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	555	475	80	0.6	1.1	0.2
Health and related fields	5,615	900	4,715	6.2	2.0	10.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	275	115	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,270	755	4,510	5.9	1.7	10.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,820	2,630	2,195	5.4	5.8	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,380	645	1,735	2.6	1.4	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,295	945	350	1.4	2.1	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,120	1,010	110	1.2	2.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,410	29,205	29,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,370	12,700	10,670	40.0	43.5	36.5
Education	2,305	470	1,825	3.9	1.6	6.2
13. Education	2,305	470	1,825	3.9	1.6	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	895	330	565	1.5	1.1	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	105	40	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	750	225	525	1.3	0.8	1.8
Humanities	1,265	445	825	2.2	1.5	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	200	50	150	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	575	210	355	1.0	0.7	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	185	25	160	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,050	760	2,285	5.2	2.6	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	340	125	210	0.6	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	790	35	755	1.4	0.1	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	475	120	355	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	475	60	415	0.8	0.2	1.4
45. Social sciences	895	385	510	1.5	1.3	1.7
Business, management and public administration	7,725	2,010	5,720	13.2	6.9	19.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	525	110	420	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,190	1,900	5,295	12.3	6.5	18.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	670	325	345	1.1	1.1	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	290	95	195	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	175	105	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,270	905	365	2.2	3.1	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,135	855	270	1.9	2.9	0.9
25. Library science	95	15	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,520	7,870	650	14.6	26.9	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	265	160	100	0.5	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	570	430	140	1.0	1.5	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,465	1,265	200	2.5	4.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,840	2,755	85	4.9	9.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,215	2,125	85	3.8	7.3	0.3
48. Precision production	1,165	1,125	40	2.0	3.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,210	710	495	2.1	2.4	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	735	315	425	1.3	1.1	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	470	395	75	0.8	1.4	0.3
Health and related fields	4,350	655	3,695	7.4	2.2	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	190	65	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,120	575	3,545	7.1	2.0	12.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,780	2,020	1,765	6.5	6.9	6.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,845	425	1,420	3.2	1.5	4.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,035	780	260	1.8	2.7	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	870	785	85	1.5	2.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,410	29,205	29,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,370	12,700	10,670	40.0	43.5	36.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35,035	16,500	18,540	60.0	56.5	63.5
Location of study inside Canada	34,015	16,015	18,000	58.2	54.8	61.6
Same as province or territory of residence	27,975	13,150	14,825	47.9	45.0	50.8
Different than province or territory of residence	6,040	2,865	3,175	10.3	9.8	10.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,020	480	540	1.7	1.6	1.8
Americas	245	110	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
United States of America	150	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	435	210	225	0.7	0.7	0.8
Belgium	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	240	115	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Africa	175	105	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Morocco	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	155	50	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,875	45,005	44,870	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,040	28,760	26,285	...	...	...
Employed	50,715	26,600	24,115	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,330	2,160	2,165	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,835	16,250	18,585	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.2	63.9	58.6	61.2	63.9	58.6
Employment rate	56.4	59.1	53.7	56.4	59.1	53.7
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.5	8.2	7.9	7.5	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,875	45,005	44,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,895	15,880	18,015	37.7	35.3	40.2
Worked	55,980	29,130	26,855	62.3	64.7	59.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,955	16,440	14,520	34.4	36.5	32.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,020	12,690	12,335	27.8	28.2	27.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.3	41.9	42.1	42.3	41.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,045	28,755	26,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	570	505	2.0	2.0	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,965	28,190	25,780	98.0	98.0	98.1
Employee	46,910	23,680	23,230	85.2	82.4	88.4
Permanent position	39,845	20,425	19,425	72.4	71.0	73.9
Temporary position	7,060	3,255	3,805	12.8	11.3	14.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,090	815	1,275	3.8	2.8	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,970	2,435	2,535	9.0	8.5	9.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,055	4,510	2,545	12.8	15.7	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,045	28,755	26,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	570	505	2.0	2.0	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,965	28,190	25,780	98.0	98.0	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	880	655	225	1.6	2.3	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,655	2,425	7,230	17.5	8.4	27.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,965	2,215	745	5.4	7.7	2.8
3 Health occupations	3,640	635	3,005	6.6	2.2	11.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,945	1,910	5,035	12.6	6.6	19.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,070	425	645	1.9	1.5	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	12,395	5,325	7,070	22.5	18.5	26.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,485	11,580	905	22.7	40.3	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,520	1,170	350	2.8	4.1	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,410	1,840	570	4.4	6.4	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,045	28,755	26,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	570	505	2.0	2.0	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	53,965	28,190	25,780	98.0	98.0	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,180	750	425	2.1	2.6	1.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	360	310	50	0.7	1.1	0.2
22 Utilities	355	300	55	0.6	1.0	0.2
23 Construction	6,775	6,005	765	12.3	20.9	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	4,515	3,460	1,055	8.2	12.0	4.0
41 Wholesale trade	935	705	230	1.7	2.5	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	6,240	3,050	3,195	11.3	10.6	12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,315	1,690	630	4.2	5.9	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	490	280	215	0.9	1.0	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	945	325	620	1.7	1.1	2.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	550	315	230	1.0	1.1	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,340	1,115	1,225	4.3	3.9	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,380	1,515	865	4.3	5.3	3.3
61 Educational services	3,690	895	2,795	6.7	3.1	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	6,835	1,205	5,630	12.4	4.2	21.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	945	550	395	1.7	1.9	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,840	1,105	1,730	5.2	3.8	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,540	1,250	1,290	4.6	4.3	4.9
91 Public administration	7,685	3,335	4,350	14.0	11.6	16.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	59,125	30,780	28,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,390	2,500	1,890	7.4	8.1	6.7
French	35,575	18,315	17,260	60.2	59.5	60.9
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	18,960	9,860	9,100	32.1	32.0	32.1
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	80	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	59,125	30,780	28,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,985	29,215	26,770	94.7	94.9	94.4
Official languages	55,975	29,210	26,770	94.7	94.9	94.4
English	9,260	5,165	4,095	15.7	16.8	14.4
French	46,715	24,040	22,675	79.0	78.1	80.0
Non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,140	1,565	1,575	5.3	5.1	5.6
English and French	3,105	1,540	1,560	5.3	5.0	5.5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	59,125	30,780	28,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	43,070	22,365	20,705	72.8	72.7	73.0
English	11,065	5,685	5,375	18.7	18.5	19.0
French	4,830	2,655	2,180	8.2	8.6	7.7
Non-official language	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,720	26,600	24,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,620	3,985	5,645	19.0	15.0	23.4
Worked outside Canada	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,740	6,380	1,360	15.3	24.0	5.6
Usual place of work	33,285	16,195	17,090	65.6	60.9	70.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,285	16,200	17,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,255	6,525	7,725	42.8	40.3	45.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,420	1,945	2,475	13.3	12.0	14.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10,865	5,720	5,150	32.6	35.3	30.1
Commute to a different province or territory	3,745	2,010	1,735	11.3	12.4	10.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,025	22,575	18,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,795	21,125	16,670	92.1	93.6	90.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,530	20,100	15,430	86.6	89.0	83.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,260	1,025	1,235	5.5	4.5	6.7
Public transit	1,010	455	555	2.5	2.0	3.0
Walked	1,315	530	785	3.2	2.3	4.3
Bicycle	85	75	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other method	820	395	420	2.0	1.7	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,025	22,575	18,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,260	5,300	5,960	27.4	23.5	32.3
15 to 29 minutes	12,290	6,205	6,080	30.0	27.5	33.0
30 to 44 minutes	9,570	5,770	3,800	23.3	25.6	20.6
45 to 59 minutes	4,000	2,625	1,375	9.8	11.6	7.5
60 minutes and over	3,910	2,675	1,230	9.5	11.8	6.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,025	22,575	18,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,095	4,095	1,000	12.4	18.1	5.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,175	6,680	3,490	24.8	29.6	18.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,500	5,380	6,115	28.0	23.8	33.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,215	2,330	3,885	15.1	10.3	21.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,855	1,130	1,725	7.0	5.0	9.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,190	2,955	2,235	12.7	13.1	12.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,690	11,165	10,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,690	1,915	1,775	17.0	17.2	16.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,000	9,250	8,750	83.0	82.8	83.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,645	8,035	7,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,760	1,425	1,330	17.6	17.7	17.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,890	990	895	12.1	12.3	11.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	865	430	435	5.5	5.4	5.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,890	6,610	6,280	82.4	82.3	82.5

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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