Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Argenteuil--La Petite-NationMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	102,311	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	95,781	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	58,559	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	46,623	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	20.9	...	...	20.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4,890.26	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	102,310	51,365	50,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,410	7,870	7,540	15.1	15.3	14.8
0 to 4 years	4,860	2,480	2,375	4.8	4.8	4.7
5 to 9 years	5,175	2,640	2,530	5.1	5.1	5.0
10 to 14 years	5,380	2,745	2,635	5.3	5.3	5.2
15 to 64 years	62,690	31,395	31,295	61.3	61.1	61.4
15 to 19 years	4,560	2,345	2,210	4.5	4.6	4.3
20 to 24 years	4,120	2,135	1,990	4.0	4.2	3.9
25 to 29 years	5,260	2,575	2,685	5.1	5.0	5.3
30 to 34 years	5,780	2,865	2,910	5.6	5.6	5.7
35 to 39 years	5,635	2,835	2,800	5.5	5.5	5.5
40 to 44 years	5,755	2,825	2,935	5.6	5.5	5.8
45 to 49 years	5,730	2,910	2,815	5.6	5.7	5.5
50 to 54 years	6,820	3,350	3,470	6.7	6.5	6.8
55 to 59 years	9,305	4,720	4,585	9.1	9.2	9.0
60 to 64 years	9,720	4,825	4,900	9.5	9.4	9.6
65 years and over	24,215	12,105	12,110	23.7	23.6	23.8
65 to 69 years	8,540	4,440	4,100	8.3	8.6	8.0
70 to 74 years	6,635	3,460	3,175	6.5	6.7	6.2
75 to 79 years	4,525	2,245	2,285	4.4	4.4	4.5
80 to 84 years	2,435	1,115	1,320	2.4	2.2	2.6
85 years and over	2,080	840	1,240	2.0	1.6	2.4
85 to 89 years	1,305	590	720	1.3	1.1	1.4
90 to 94 years	610	215	395	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	145	30	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.3	14.8	15.1	15.3	14.8
15 to 64 years	61.3	61.1	61.4	61.3	61.1	61.4
65 years and over	23.7	23.6	23.8	23.7	23.6	23.8
85 years and over	2.0	1.6	2.4	2.0	1.6	2.4
Average age of the population	45.4	45.1	45.7	45.4	45.1	45.7
Median age of the population	49.2	48.8	49.2	49.2	48.8	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	32,770	...	...	70.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,915	...	...	8.4	...	...
Row house	960	...	...	2.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,490	...	...	5.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,000	...	...	12.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,590	...	...	33.4	...	...
2 persons	18,290	...	...	39.2	...	...
3 persons	5,945	...	...	12.8	...	...
4 persons	4,370	...	...	9.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,430	...	...	5.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	100,860	50,785	50,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	86,900	43,495	43,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	50,915	25,420	25,495	58.6	58.4	58.7
Married	28,250	14,110	14,140	32.5	32.4	32.6
Living common-law	22,665	11,310	11,355	26.1	26.0	26.2
Living common law - Never married	17,310	8,615	8,700	19.9	19.8	20.0
Living common law - Separated	350	175	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	4,445	2,285	2,160	5.1	5.3	5.0
Living common law - Widowed	560	235	325	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	35,985	18,075	17,910	41.4	41.6	41.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,500	12,545	9,955	25.9	28.8	22.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,365	735	625	1.6	1.7	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,850	3,300	3,550	7.9	7.6	8.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,270	1,490	3,785	6.1	3.4	8.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,505	...	...	61.6	...	...
3 persons	5,575	...	...	18.6	...	...
4 persons	4,095	...	...	13.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,850	...	...	6.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,105	...	...	83.6	...	...
Married couples	13,775	...	...	45.9	...	...
With children⁶	4,255	...	...	14.2	...	...
Without children	9,525	...	...	31.7	...	...
Common-law couples	11,325	...	...	37.7	...	...
With children⁶	5,370	...	...	17.9	...	...
Without children	5,960	...	...	19.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,920	...	...	16.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,485	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,435	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	100,860	50,780	50,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	80,070	39,845	40,220	79.4	78.5	80.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,215	25,065	25,145	49.8	49.4	50.2
Parents in one-parent families	4,915	1,435	3,485	4.9	2.8	7.0
Children⁶	24,935	13,345	11,590	24.7	26.3	23.1
In a two-parent family	17,485	9,270	8,220	17.3	18.3	16.4
In a one-parent family	7,450	4,080	3,375	7.4	8.0	6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,790	10,935	9,855	20.6	21.5	19.7
Living alone	15,590	8,295	7,295	15.5	16.3	14.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,115	970	1,145	2.1	1.9	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	3,085	1,670	1,420	3.1	3.3	2.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,465	...	...	58.9	...	...
Couple-family households	23,400	...	...	50.2	...	...
With children⁶	8,920	...	...	19.1	...	...
Without children	14,485	...	...	31.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,060	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	745	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,145	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,490	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	15,595	...	...	33.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	85,455	42,915	42,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,700	42,050	41,655	97.9	98.0	97.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	42,800	35,200	39,200	42,800	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,725	42,065	41,660	98.0	98.0	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	37,600	32,000	34,800	37,600	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,260	37,555	35,705	85.7	87.5	83.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	36,800	27,000	31,600	36,800	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,685	29,845	26,840	66.3	69.5	63.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,200	29,800	33,200	37,200	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,570	34,480	36,090	82.6	80.3	84.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,300	13,100	12,800	12,300	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,760	5,945	4,810	12.6	13.9	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,600	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,530	12,200	10,330	26.4	28.4	24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	85,445	42,910	42,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,580	42,090	41,490	97.8	98.1	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,040	51,750	42,240	47,040	51,750	42,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,590	42,095	41,490	97.8	98.1	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,160	42,280	36,000	39,160	42,280	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,020	37,425	35,595	85.5	87.2	83.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,920	46,360	35,160	40,920	46,360	35,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,705	29,890	26,815	66.4	69.7	63.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,360	45,240	36,960	41,360	45,240	36,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,755	34,600	36,155	82.8	80.6	85.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,320	12,780	13,860	13,320	12,780	13,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,140	6,120	5,025	13.0	14.3	11.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	6,470	7,210	6,800	6,470	7,210
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,245	12,645	10,605	27.2	29.5	24.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,140	7,800	8,530	8,140	7,800	8,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	85,450	42,915	42,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,135	13,975	12,160	30.6	32.6	28.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	58,800	50,000	54,400	58,800	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,800	67,300	55,500	61,800	67,300	55,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,950	11,525	11,420	26.9	26.9	26.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	22,600	17,000	19,400	22,600	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,320	30,720	23,900	27,320	30,720	23,900
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	79.6	71.4	76.0	79.6	71.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.7	62.1	56.6	59.7	62.1	56.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.0	20.3	28.6	24.0	20.3	28.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.8	2.1	1.9	1.8	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	5.2	6.3	5.6	5.2	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.5	5.2	4.8	4.5	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	85,455	42,915	42,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,755	865	890	2.1	2.0	2.1
With total income	83,700	42,045	41,650	97.9	98.0	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,490	2,310	3,185	6.6	5.5	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	10,720	4,510	6,210	12.8	10.7	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	14,890	6,910	7,980	17.8	16.4	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	11,805	5,640	6,165	14.1	13.4	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	10,880	5,395	5,485	13.0	12.8	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,450	4,500	3,955	10.1	10.7	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,435	3,590	2,845	7.7	8.5	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,535	2,635	1,900	5.4	6.3	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,340	1,925	1,415	4.0	4.6	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,145	1,260	890	2.6	3.0	2.1
$100,000 and over	5,010	3,385	1,620	6.0	8.1	3.9
$100,000 to $149,999	3,720	2,450	1,270	4.4	5.8	3.0
$150,000 and over	1,290	930	355	1.5	2.2	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	85,455	42,915	42,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,735	855	880	2.0	2.0	2.1
With after-tax income	83,720	42,060	41,660	98.0	98.0	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,005	2,475	3,530	7.2	5.9	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	11,275	4,790	6,490	13.5	11.4	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	17,535	8,240	9,300	20.9	19.6	22.3
$30,000 to $39,999	14,465	7,195	7,265	17.3	17.1	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	12,560	6,610	5,950	15.0	15.7	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,800	4,945	3,855	10.5	11.8	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,440	3,040	2,400	6.5	7.2	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,155	1,790	1,365	3.8	4.3	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,755	1,100	655	2.1	2.6	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	985	630	350	1.2	1.5	0.8
$100,000 and over	1,750	1,245	500	2.1	3.0	1.2
$100,000 to $124,999	945	660	285	1.1	1.6	0.7
$125,000 and over	805	590	220	1.0	1.4	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	85,455	42,915	42,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,765	13,070	15,700	33.7	30.5	36.9
With employment income	56,690	29,845	26,840	66.3	69.5	63.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,265	4,430	3,835	14.6	14.8	14.3
$5,000 to $9,999	4,555	2,090	2,465	8.0	7.0	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,245	3,375	3,875	12.8	11.3	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	6,285	2,960	3,325	11.1	9.9	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	5,990	2,920	3,065	10.6	9.8	11.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,605	2,810	2,790	9.9	9.4	10.4
$50,000 to $59,999	4,690	2,645	2,045	8.3	8.9	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,930	2,285	1,640	6.9	7.7	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,800	1,675	1,125	4.9	5.6	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,475	1,410	1,060	4.4	4.7	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,405	885	520	2.5	3.0	1.9
$100,000 and over	3,450	2,360	1,085	6.1	7.9	4.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,905	1,280	625	3.4	4.3	2.3
$125,000 and over	1,540	1,080	465	2.7	3.6	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	85,455	42,915	42,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,495	41,460	41,035	96.5	96.6	96.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,600	32,400	36,800	41,600	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,565	41,470	41,095	96.6	96.6	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,400	29,200	32,800	36,400	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,415	37,170	35,245	84.7	86.6	82.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,400	28,000	33,200	38,400	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,365	30,110	27,255	67.1	70.2	64.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,800	30,000	34,400	38,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,450	30,950	33,505	75.4	72.1	78.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,800	10,200	9,400	8,800	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,835	5,510	4,325	11.5	12.8	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	5,000	5,000	5,000	5,000	5,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	85,445	42,910	42,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,440	41,420	41,020	96.5	96.5	96.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,320	39,240	44,800	50,320	39,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,495	41,440	41,055	96.5	96.6	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,160	40,880	33,400	37,160	40,880	33,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,215	36,955	35,260	84.5	86.1	82.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,800	48,080	35,200	41,800	48,080	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,545	30,175	27,370	67.3	70.3	64.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,920	46,920	36,440	41,920	46,920	36,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,470	30,895	33,575	75.5	72.0	78.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,490	9,960	10,970	10,490	9,960	10,970
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,100	5,615	4,480	11.8	13.1	10.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,590	5,920	7,440	6,590	5,920	7,440
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	85,450	42,915	42,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,990	13,890	12,095	30.4	32.4	28.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	58,000	45,600	52,400	58,000	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,850	65,300	51,400	58,850	65,300	51,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,815	10,970	10,840	25.5	25.6	25.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	29,800	21,400	25,000	29,800	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,880	37,600	28,080	32,880	37,600	28,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.6	85.2	77.2	81.6	85.2	77.2
Employment income (%)	65.4	68.0	61.9	65.4	68.0	61.9
Government transfers (%)	18.3	14.8	22.9	18.3	14.8	22.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.1	1.8	1.6	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,625	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,595	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,625	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,300	...	...	84,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,200	...	...	70,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,320	...	...	45,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,960	...	...	37,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,025	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,900	...	...	103,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...	86,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,620	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	385	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	675	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,075	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,885	...	...	6.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,895	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,930	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,325	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,265	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,110	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,965	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,700	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,410	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,915	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,690	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,120	...	...	30.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,400	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,415	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,305	...	...	7.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,000	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,620	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	455	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	700	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,155	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,085	...	...	6.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,320	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,320	...	...	5.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,700	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,675	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,445	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,790	...	...	10.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,355	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,760	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,310	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,825	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,420	...	...	20.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,610	...	...	9.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,385	...	...	5.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,420	...	...	5.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,640	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,675	9,965	8,715	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	38,000	32,400	35,200	38,000	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	33,600	30,000	31,800	33,600	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...	104,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...	86,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,200	...	...	95,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,100	...	...	111,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,620	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,100	...	...	61,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,650	10,110	8,540	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,760	46,240	40,840	43,760	46,240	40,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,840	38,240	35,200	36,840	38,240	35,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	100,860	50,785	50,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,235	9,320	8,915	18.1	18.4	17.8
0 to 5 years	5,870	3,005	2,865	5.8	5.9	5.7
18 to 64 years	59,580	29,775	29,805	59.1	58.6	59.5
65 years and over	23,040	11,685	11,355	22.8	23.0	22.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,295	6,500	6,795	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,230	1,150	1,080	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	780	410	370	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,450	3,265	3,180	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,615	2,080	2,530	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.2	12.8	13.6	13.2	12.8	13.6
0 to 17 years (%)	12.2	12.3	12.1	12.2	12.3	12.1
0 to 5 years (%)	13.3	13.6	13.1	13.3	13.6	13.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.8	11.0	10.7	10.8	11.0	10.7
65 years and over (%)	20.0	17.8	22.3	20.0	17.8	22.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	100,860	50,780	50,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,235	9,320	8,915	18.1	18.4	17.8
0 to 5 years	5,865	3,010	2,860	5.8	5.9	5.7
18 to 64 years	59,585	29,780	29,800	59.1	58.6	59.5
65 years and over	23,045	11,685	11,360	22.8	23.0	22.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,940	1,580	1,360	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	385	205	180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	120	65	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,240	1,225	1,020	...	...	...
65 years and over	310	150	160	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	3.1	2.7	2.9	3.1	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.2	1.9	2.0	2.2	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.1	3.4	3.8	4.1	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	100,860	50,780	50,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	60,850	30,275	30,575	60.3	59.6	61.1
In bottom decile	11,250	5,580	5,665	11.2	11.0	11.3
In second decile	12,810	6,185	6,625	12.7	12.2	13.2
In third decile	12,910	6,395	6,520	12.8	12.6	13.0
In fourth decile	12,300	6,210	6,095	12.2	12.2	12.2
In fifth decile	11,580	5,910	5,675	11.5	11.6	11.3
In top half of the distribution	40,005	20,505	19,495	39.7	40.4	38.9
In sixth decile	11,035	5,620	5,410	10.9	11.1	10.8
In seventh decile	9,940	5,080	4,855	9.9	10.0	9.7
In eighth decile	8,265	4,225	4,045	8.2	8.3	8.1
In ninth decile	6,580	3,400	3,175	6.5	6.7	6.3
In top decile	4,190	2,175	2,015	4.2	4.3	4.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	100,860	...	...	100,860	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.304	...	...	0.304	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.451	...	...	0.451	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.262	...	...	0.262	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	101,730	51,125	50,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	3,780	1,900	1,885	3.7	3.7	3.7
French only	44,210	20,955	23,260	43.5	41.0	46.0
English and French	53,640	28,225	25,410	52.7	55.2	50.2
Neither English nor French	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	101,730	51,125	50,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	11,110	5,650	5,460	10.9	11.1	10.8
French	89,460	44,890	44,570	87.9	87.8	88.1
English and French	1,070	535	540	1.1	1.0	1.1
Neither English nor French	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	101,730	51,125	50,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	99,105	49,820	49,290	97.4	97.4	97.4
Official languages	97,110	48,810	48,295	95.5	95.5	95.4
English	9,775	4,995	4,785	9.6	9.8	9.5
French	87,330	43,820	43,505	85.8	85.7	86.0
Non-official languages	2,005	1,005	1,000	2.0	2.0	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,990	1,005	990	2.0	2.0	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	175	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,425	725	695	1.4	1.4	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	235	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	275	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	740	385	355	0.7	0.8	0.7
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	175	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,620	1,310	1,310	2.6	2.6	2.6
English and French	2,295	1,155	1,140	2.3	2.3	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	101,730	51,125	50,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,735	4,445	4,285	8.6	8.7	8.5
French	83,440	41,830	41,615	82.0	81.8	82.2
Non-official language	375	180	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	370	180	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	7,675	3,895	3,780	7.5	7.6	7.5
English and non-official language(s)	320	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	500	260	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	670	340	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	101,730	51,125	50,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	99,430	50,000	49,430	97.7	97.8	97.7
Official languages	98,780	49,670	49,110	97.1	97.2	97.1
English	10,705	5,445	5,260	10.5	10.7	10.4
French	88,075	44,225	43,850	86.6	86.5	86.7
Non-official languages	650	330	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	650	330	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	445	230	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	260	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,305	1,130	1,170	2.3	2.2	2.3
English and French	1,970	970	1,005	1.9	1.9	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	101,730	51,130	50,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	94,690	47,515	47,175	93.1	92.9	93.2
English	4,250	2,195	2,055	4.2	4.3	4.1
French	1,760	885	875	1.7	1.7	1.7
Non-official language	500	255	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	495	250	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	100,860	50,785	50,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	100,795	50,745	50,050	99.9	99.9	100.0
English	57,025	30,070	26,960	56.5	59.2	53.8
French	97,240	49,060	48,175	96.4	96.6	96.2
Non-official languages	4,925	2,450	2,480	4.9	4.8	5.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,905	2,440	2,460	4.9	4.8	4.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	295	165	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	280	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	265	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,950	1,995	1,945	3.9	3.9	3.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	365	195	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	360	190	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	155	100	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian	165	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	650	345	305	0.6	0.7	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	515	270	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	480	250	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	45	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,960	1,445	1,515	2.9	2.8	3.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	430	225	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	240	145	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,355	1,095	1,260	2.3	2.2	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	160	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	155	75	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,860	50,785	50,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,540	1,745	1,800	3.5	3.4	3.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,320	1,640	1,680	3.3	3.2	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,175	1,060	1,115	2.2	2.1	2.2
Métis	1,110	565	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
Inuk (Inuit)	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	155	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	97,320	49,040	48,280	96.5	96.6	96.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,860	50,785	50,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	485	245	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	100,375	50,545	49,840	99.5	99.5	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,265	...	...	73.5	...	...
Renter	12,360	...	...	26.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,110	...	...	4.5	...	...
Not condominium	44,515	...	...	95.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,750	...	...	10.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,740	...	...	33.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,210	...	...	36.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,830	...	...	18.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,555	...	...	24.8	...	...
5 rooms	8,590	...	...	18.4	...	...
6 rooms	7,455	...	...	16.0	...	...
7 rooms	6,675	...	...	14.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,360	...	...	26.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,405	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	45,425	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,205	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,890	...	...	23.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,820	...	...	25.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,785	...	...	12.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,020	...	...	12.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,650	...	...	5.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,435	...	...	7.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,980	...	...	6.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,045	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,120	...	...	92.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,505	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,250	...	...	54.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,365	...	...	43.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,015	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	955	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,490	...	...	11.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,445	...	...	13.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,385	...	...	15.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,375	...	...	24.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,415	...	...	20.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,465	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,100	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	46,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,425	...	...	85.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,760	...	...	14.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,225	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,625	...	...	22.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,050	...	...	13.0	...	...
Not suitable only	995	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,750	...	...	5.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	620	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,005	...	...	77.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,695	...	...	5.9	...	...
Not in core need	42,955	...	...	94.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,965	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.5	...	...	62.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.7	...	...	10.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	930	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,009	...	...	1,009	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	305,600	...	...	305,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,340	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.4	...	...	25.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.9	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	750	...	...	750	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	789	...	...	789	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	100,865	50,785	50,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,215	1,585	1,630	3.2	3.1	3.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,190	1,570	1,620	3.2	3.1	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,750	1,365	1,385	2.7	2.7	2.8
Métis single ancestry	410	195	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,490	2,005	2,480	4.5	3.9	5.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,445	1,980	2,460	4.4	3.9	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,040	1,785	2,260	4.0	3.5	4.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	380	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	93,155	47,190	45,970	92.4	92.9	91.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	100,860	50,785	50,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	99,920	50,295	49,620	99.1	99.0	99.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,145	9,230	8,920	18.0	18.2	17.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	81,775	41,065	40,705	81.1	80.9	81.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	945	490	450	0.9	1.0	0.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	100,860	50,785	50,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	97,310	48,925	48,380	96.5	96.3	96.6
Immigrants⁸¹	3,320	1,725	1,600	3.3	3.4	3.2
Before 1980	1,035	575	455	1.0	1.1	0.9
1980 to 1990	455	245	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
1991 to 2000	495	255	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	795	360	435	0.8	0.7	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	545	280	260	0.5	0.6	0.5
2011 to 2015	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
2016 to 2021	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	230	135	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,320	1,725	1,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	395	215	185	11.9	12.5	11.6
5 to 14 years	585	330	250	17.6	19.1	15.6
15 to 24 years	635	300	330	19.1	17.4	20.6
25 to 44 years	1,480	740	735	44.6	42.9	45.9
45 years and over	230	135	95	6.9	7.8	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,320	1,725	1,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	625	285	340	18.8	16.5	21.3
Brazil	15	10	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
Colombia	40	20	20	1.2	1.2	1.3
El Salvador	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	115	50	65	3.5	2.9	4.1
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Mexico	40	15	25	1.2	0.9	1.6
Peru	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	25	15	10	0.8	0.9	0.6
United States of America	195	90	105	5.9	5.2	6.6
Other places of birth in Americas	145	60	90	4.4	3.5	5.6
Europe	1,795	1,010	785	54.1	58.6	49.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	605	330	275	18.2	19.1	17.2
Germany	110	65	50	3.3	3.8	3.1
Greece	60	35	25	1.8	2.0	1.6
Hungary	15	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Italy	90	65	30	2.7	3.8	1.9
Netherlands	45	20	25	1.4	1.2	1.6
Poland	95	50	40	2.9	2.9	2.5
Portugal	75	30	45	2.3	1.7	2.8
Romania	100	50	50	3.0	2.9	3.1
Russian Federation	55	30	25	1.7	1.7	1.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	0	25	0.9	0.0	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	125	80	50	3.8	4.6	3.1
Other places of birth in Europe	375	235	140	11.3	13.6	8.8
Africa	500	245	260	15.1	14.2	16.3
Algeria	50	30	20	1.5	1.7	1.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	45	35	2.4	2.6	2.2
Egypt	25	0	15	0.8	0.0	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	75	45	30	2.3	2.6	1.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	260	115	150	7.8	6.7	9.4
Asia	380	170	210	11.4	9.9	13.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	15	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Iraq	25	15	0	0.8	0.9	0.0
Lebanon	75	45	30	2.3	2.6	1.9
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	10	0.8	0.6	0.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	95	40	50	2.9	2.3	3.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Philippines	40	0	40	1.2	0.0	2.5
Viet Nam	30	10	20	0.9	0.6	1.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	15	10	0.6	0.9	0.6
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	15	25	1.4	0.9	1.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	265	140	120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	45	30	20	17.0	21.4	16.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	0	5.7	7.1	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	0	5.7	7.1	0.0
Europe	120	70	50	45.3	50.0	41.7
France	65	40	20	24.5	28.6	16.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	3.8	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	20	25	15.1	14.3	20.8
Africa	40	20	20	15.1	14.3	16.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	0	3.8	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	10	0	3.8	7.1	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	3.8	0.0	8.3
Asia	60	20	35	22.6	14.3	29.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	10	0	3.8	7.1	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	5.7	0.0	12.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	100,860	50,785	50,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,880	2,015	1,870	3.8	4.0	3.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,060	2,180	1,880	4.0	4.3	3.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	92,920	46,590	46,325	92.1	91.7	92.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,285	1,145	1,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,155	610	540	50.5	53.3	47.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	575	360	215	25.2	31.4	18.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	580	255	330	25.4	22.3	28.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	790	350	440	34.6	30.6	38.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	320	165	155	14.0	14.4	13.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	15	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,285	1,145	1,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	155	75	80	6.8	6.6	7.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	250	150	100	10.9	13.1	8.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	70	35	35	3.1	3.1	3.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	100	60	45	4.4	5.2	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	15	10	1.1	1.3	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,685	815	875	73.7	71.2	76.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	100,860	50,785	50,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,140	980	1,155	2.1	1.9	2.3
South Asian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	220	70	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
Black	1,015	485	530	1.0	1.0	1.1
Filipino	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	270	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	98,725	49,805	48,915	97.9	98.1	97.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	100,860	50,785	50,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	38,505	19,355	19,150	38.2	38.1	38.2
English	3,535	1,770	1,760	3.5	3.5	3.5
Irish	7,905	3,820	4,085	7.8	7.5	8.2
Scottish	4,180	1,985	2,190	4.1	3.9	4.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	24,695	12,370	12,330	24.5	24.4	24.6
German	2,180	1,070	1,110	2.2	2.1	2.2
Chinese	260	95	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italian	1,670	900	765	1.7	1.8	1.5
Indian (India)	205	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	415	190	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Dutch	350	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Polish	560	300	260	0.6	0.6	0.5
Québécois	12,975	6,500	6,470	12.9	12.8	12.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	480	290	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Filipino	95	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
French Canadian	7,925	4,025	3,900	7.9	7.9	7.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,550	1,325	1,225	2.5	2.6	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,065	1,375	1,690	3.0	2.7	3.4
Métis	850	420	430	0.8	0.8	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,230	615	615	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	245	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norwegian	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	165	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	410	190	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	460	205	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	770	390	380	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	180	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	235	135	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	175	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lebanese	145	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,065	550	510	1.1	1.1	1.0
Danish	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	980	480	500	1.0	0.9	1.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belgian	730	380	350	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	260	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	320	180	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finnish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	255	115	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	335	135	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	1,300	555	750	1.3	1.1	1.5
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	155	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latvian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	185	60	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Argentinian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	350	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
New Zealander	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	235	130	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	280	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	100,860	50,785	50,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	71,405	35,090	36,315	70.8	69.1	72.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,495	2,155	2,335	4.5	4.2	4.7
Anabaptist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	880	420	460	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baptist	510	265	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catholic	62,135	30,605	31,535	61.6	60.3	63.0
Christian Orthodox	305	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	435	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Reformed	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	655	265	390	0.6	0.5	0.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,460	745	720	1.4	1.5	1.4
Hindu	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	145	100	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	245	130	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	370	175	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	28,555	15,220	13,330	28.3	30.0	26.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	99,860	50,330	49,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	86,580	43,710	42,870	86.7	86.8	86.6
Movers	13,280	6,620	6,660	13.3	13.2	13.4
Non-migrants	5,505	2,685	2,820	5.5	5.3	5.7
Migrants	7,775	3,935	3,835	7.8	7.8	7.7
Internal migrants	7,650	3,865	3,785	7.7	7.7	7.6
Intraprovincial migrants	6,985	3,525	3,465	7.0	7.0	7.0
Interprovincial migrants	660	340	320	0.7	0.7	0.6
External migrants	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	95,925	48,260	47,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	55,990	28,780	27,205	58.4	59.6	57.1
Movers	39,940	19,480	20,465	41.6	40.4	42.9
Non-migrants	12,840	6,095	6,745	13.4	12.6	14.1
Migrants	27,095	13,380	13,720	28.2	27.7	28.8
Internal migrants	26,660	13,135	13,520	27.8	27.2	28.4
Intraprovincial migrants	24,860	12,210	12,650	25.9	25.3	26.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,800	925	870	1.9	1.9	1.8
External migrants	435	240	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,450	42,915	42,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,275	13,285	9,990	27.2	31.0	23.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,170	29,630	32,540	72.8	69.0	76.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,750	26,710	27,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,880	7,320	4,560	22.1	27.4	16.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,875	19,390	22,485	77.9	72.6	83.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,445	42,910	42,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,030	11,070	8,965	23.4	25.8	21.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,445	10,290	11,155	25.1	24.0	26.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,970	21,555	22,415	51.5	50.2	52.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,325	17,115	16,210	39.0	39.9	38.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,275	10,235	7,045	20.2	23.9	16.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,215	6,275	5,935	14.3	14.6	14.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,060	3,960	1,110	5.9	9.2	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,665	5,920	7,745	16.0	13.8	18.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,385	960	1,425	2.8	2.2	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,645	4,440	6,210	12.5	10.3	14.6
Bachelor's degree	7,345	2,795	4,550	8.6	6.5	10.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	930	420	505	1.1	1.0	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	270	155	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	1,835	910	925	2.1	2.1	2.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	160	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,750	26,715	27,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,540	5,750	3,785	17.7	21.5	14.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,035	5,950	6,090	22.4	22.3	22.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,175	15,015	17,160	59.9	56.2	63.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,605	12,275	12,335	45.8	45.9	45.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,255	7,540	5,715	24.7	28.2	21.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,490	4,610	4,885	17.7	17.3	18.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,760	2,935	830	7.0	11.0	3.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,860	4,135	5,720	18.3	15.5	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,490	590	895	2.8	2.2	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,575	2,745	4,830	14.1	10.3	17.9
Bachelor's degree	5,360	1,775	3,580	10.0	6.6	13.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	600	240	360	1.1	0.9	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	175	75	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,280	560	720	2.4	2.1	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	170	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	85,445	42,915	42,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,475	21,360	20,120	48.5	49.8	47.3
Education	3,350	780	2,575	3.9	1.8	6.1
13. Education	3,350	780	2,575	3.9	1.8	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,230	495	735	1.4	1.2	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	140	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,045	355	695	1.2	0.8	1.6
Humanities	1,925	745	1,175	2.3	1.7	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	45	230	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	920	410	510	1.1	1.0	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	90	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	135	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	305	70	235	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,745	1,145	2,590	4.4	2.7	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	425	155	270	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	910	65	850	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	650	245	400	0.8	0.6	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	600	130	470	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,040	510	535	1.2	1.2	1.3
Business, management and public administration	9,395	2,805	6,590	11.0	6.5	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	550	120	435	0.6	0.3	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,835	2,685	6,150	10.3	6.3	14.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	915	475	435	1.1	1.1	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	330	110	215	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	145	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	200	140	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,385	960	425	1.6	2.2	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,155	860	295	1.4	2.0	0.7
25. Library science	140	25	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,510	9,770	740	12.3	22.8	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	340	200	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	735	615	120	0.9	1.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,910	1,700	210	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,020	2,930	90	3.5	6.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,830	2,725	105	3.3	6.3	0.2
48. Precision production	1,680	1,605	75	2.0	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,480	890	595	1.7	2.1	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	945	445	505	1.1	1.0	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	535	445	85	0.6	1.0	0.2
Health and related fields	5,495	975	4,520	6.4	2.3	10.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,110	800	4,315	6.0	1.9	10.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,525	2,500	2,025	5.3	5.8	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,310	655	1,650	2.7	1.5	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	965	725	245	1.1	1.7	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,230	1,095	135	1.4	2.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,750	26,710	27,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,575	11,700	9,875	40.1	43.8	36.5
Education	2,165	425	1,740	4.0	1.6	6.4
13. Education	2,165	425	1,740	4.0	1.6	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	905	335	570	1.7	1.3	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	95	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	780	245	540	1.5	0.9	2.0
Humanities	1,195	370	830	2.2	1.4	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	205	40	165	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	45	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	555	190	365	1.0	0.7	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	50	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	80	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	185	15	165	0.3	0.1	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,795	705	2,090	5.2	2.6	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	140	225	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	740	40	700	1.4	0.1	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	450	120	320	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	435	55	380	0.8	0.2	1.4
45. Social sciences	730	320	415	1.4	1.2	1.5
Business, management and public administration	6,965	1,840	5,130	13.0	6.9	19.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	435	75	365	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,525	1,765	4,765	12.1	6.6	17.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	540	260	285	1.0	1.0	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	215	65	150	0.4	0.2	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	140	90	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,030	725	305	1.9	2.7	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	910	675	235	1.7	2.5	0.9
25. Library science	75	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,780	7,115	665	14.5	26.6	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	270	145	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
14. Engineering	530	420	110	1.0	1.6	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,340	1,160	185	2.5	4.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,265	2,180	85	4.2	8.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,165	2,060	95	4.0	7.7	0.4
48. Precision production	1,205	1,140	65	2.2	4.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,195	685	505	2.2	2.6	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	760	330	425	1.4	1.2	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	440	355	80	0.8	1.3	0.3
Health and related fields	4,080	660	3,420	7.6	2.5	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	65	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,860	580	3,275	7.2	2.2	12.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,515	1,895	1,620	6.5	7.1	6.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,765	430	1,335	3.3	1.6	4.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	765	590	170	1.4	2.2	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	965	850	110	1.8	3.2	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	53,750	26,710	27,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,575	11,700	9,875	40.1	43.8	36.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,175	15,010	17,165	59.9	56.2	63.5
Location of study inside Canada	31,220	14,525	16,690	58.1	54.4	61.7
Same as province or territory of residence	27,105	12,565	14,535	50.4	47.0	53.8
Different than province or territory of residence	4,110	1,960	2,155	7.6	7.3	8.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	965	490	475	1.8	1.8	1.8
Americas	255	125	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
United States of America	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	520	290	230	1.0	1.1	0.9
Belgium	60	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	265	155	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	85,445	42,910	42,535	...	...	...
In the labour force	50,020	26,255	23,770	...	...	...
Employed	45,780	24,040	21,740	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,240	2,210	2,025	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,430	16,660	18,765	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.5	61.2	55.9	58.5	61.2	55.9
Employment rate	53.6	56.0	51.1	53.6	56.0	51.1
Unemployment rate	8.5	8.4	8.5	8.5	8.4	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	85,445	42,915	42,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,185	16,125	18,065	40.0	37.6	42.5
Worked	51,260	26,790	24,470	60.0	62.4	57.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,900	14,425	12,470	31.5	33.6	29.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,365	12,360	12,000	28.5	28.8	28.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.6	41.4	41.5	41.6	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	50,020	26,255	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	570	500	2.1	2.2	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	48,945	25,680	23,265	97.9	97.8	97.9
Employee	41,690	21,220	20,470	83.3	80.8	86.1
Permanent position	35,230	18,205	17,025	70.4	69.3	71.6
Temporary position	6,455	3,015	3,440	12.9	11.5	14.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,795	705	1,090	3.6	2.7	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,660	2,315	2,350	9.3	8.8	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,260	4,465	2,800	14.5	17.0	11.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	50,020	26,255	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	570	500	2.1	2.2	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	48,945	25,680	23,265	97.9	97.8	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	945	690	260	1.9	2.6	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,105	2,070	6,030	16.2	7.9	25.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,530	1,955	575	5.1	7.4	2.4
3 Health occupations	3,440	635	2,805	6.9	2.4	11.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,885	1,485	4,400	11.8	5.7	18.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,085	465	625	2.2	1.8	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	11,730	4,900	6,830	23.5	18.7	28.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,280	10,465	815	22.6	39.9	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,475	1,135	340	2.9	4.3	1.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,470	1,875	590	4.9	7.1	2.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	50,020	26,255	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	570	500	2.1	2.2	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	48,945	25,680	23,265	97.9	97.8	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,130	715	420	2.3	2.7	1.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	345	290	55	0.7	1.1	0.2
22 Utilities	290	250	40	0.6	1.0	0.2
23 Construction	5,645	4,960	685	11.3	18.9	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	4,660	3,560	1,095	9.3	13.6	4.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,085	775	305	2.2	3.0	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	5,860	2,790	3,065	11.7	10.6	12.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,305	1,710	595	4.6	6.5	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	575	305	270	1.1	1.2	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	970	355	620	1.9	1.4	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	540	290	255	1.1	1.1	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,425	1,175	1,250	4.8	4.5	5.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,160	1,365	790	4.3	5.2	3.3
61 Educational services	3,325	795	2,525	6.6	3.0	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	6,305	1,140	5,170	12.6	4.3	21.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,015	570	440	2.0	2.2	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,800	1,080	1,720	5.6	4.1	7.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,340	1,195	1,145	4.7	4.6	4.8
91 Public administration	5,115	2,320	2,795	10.2	8.8	11.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,235	28,360	25,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,505	2,030	1,475	6.5	7.2	5.7
French	34,175	17,595	16,585	63.0	62.0	64.1
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	16,365	8,645	7,720	30.2	30.5	29.8
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,235	28,360	25,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	51,480	26,970	24,510	94.9	95.1	94.7
Official languages	51,470	26,970	24,505	94.9	95.1	94.7
English	7,135	4,065	3,070	13.2	14.3	11.9
French	44,340	22,905	21,435	81.8	80.8	82.9
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,750	1,395	1,360	5.1	4.9	5.3
English and French	2,730	1,385	1,345	5.0	4.9	5.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,235	28,360	25,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	40,385	20,990	19,400	74.5	74.0	75.0
English	10,095	5,275	4,825	18.6	18.6	18.7
French	3,585	2,010	1,575	6.6	7.1	6.1
Non-official language	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	45,780	24,040	21,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,235	3,540	4,695	18.0	14.7	21.6
Worked outside Canada	65	55	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,730	5,425	1,310	14.7	22.6	6.0
Usual place of work	30,750	15,030	15,730	67.2	62.5	72.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,755	15,025	15,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,045	5,515	6,530	39.2	36.7	41.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,035	2,155	2,885	16.4	14.3	18.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	11,100	5,980	5,115	36.1	39.8	32.5
Commute to a different province or territory	2,570	1,375	1,195	8.4	9.2	7.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,485	20,450	17,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,635	19,115	15,520	92.4	93.5	91.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,670	18,220	14,450	87.2	89.1	84.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,965	890	1,070	5.2	4.4	6.3
Public transit	725	350	375	1.9	1.7	2.2
Walked	1,340	540	795	3.6	2.6	4.7
Bicycle	75	75	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other method	710	370	340	1.9	1.8	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,485	20,450	17,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,925	5,155	5,770	29.1	25.2	33.9
15 to 29 minutes	10,650	5,205	5,445	28.4	25.5	32.0
30 to 44 minutes	8,105	4,875	3,230	21.6	23.8	19.0
45 to 59 minutes	3,660	2,280	1,380	9.8	11.1	8.1
60 minutes and over	4,145	2,935	1,205	11.1	14.4	7.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,485	20,450	17,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,445	3,565	880	11.9	17.4	5.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,750	5,735	3,015	23.3	28.0	17.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,430	4,860	5,570	27.8	23.8	32.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,890	2,215	3,675	15.7	10.8	21.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,985	1,195	1,785	8.0	5.8	10.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,985	2,870	2,115	13.3	14.0	12.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,555	9,495	9,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,345	1,740	1,610	18.0	18.3	17.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,210	7,755	7,455	82.0	81.7	82.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,350	6,830	6,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,490	1,290	1,200	18.7	18.9	18.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,795	940	855	13.4	13.8	13.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	700	360	340	5.2	5.3	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,860	5,540	5,325	81.3	81.1	81.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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