Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Alfred-PellanMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	102,020	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	101,373	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.6	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	39,389	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	38,442	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	899.6	...	...	899.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	113.41	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	102,020	49,785	52,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,400	8,970	8,425	17.1	18.0	16.1
0 to 4 years	4,900	2,500	2,400	4.8	5.0	4.6
5 to 9 years	5,905	3,070	2,835	5.8	6.2	5.4
10 to 14 years	6,595	3,400	3,195	6.5	6.8	6.1
15 to 64 years	65,655	32,275	33,375	64.4	64.8	63.9
15 to 19 years	6,200	3,145	3,060	6.1	6.3	5.9
20 to 24 years	5,930	3,095	2,835	5.8	6.2	5.4
25 to 29 years	5,555	2,755	2,800	5.4	5.5	5.4
30 to 34 years	5,415	2,600	2,815	5.3	5.2	5.4
35 to 39 years	6,040	2,830	3,210	5.9	5.7	6.1
40 to 44 years	6,570	3,080	3,485	6.4	6.2	6.7
45 to 49 years	6,895	3,345	3,550	6.8	6.7	6.8
50 to 54 years	7,520	3,710	3,805	7.4	7.5	7.3
55 to 59 years	8,100	4,080	4,020	7.9	8.2	7.7
60 to 64 years	7,425	3,625	3,795	7.3	7.3	7.3
65 years and over	18,970	8,540	10,430	18.6	17.2	20.0
65 to 69 years	5,780	2,760	3,020	5.7	5.5	5.8
70 to 74 years	4,490	2,145	2,340	4.4	4.3	4.5
75 to 79 years	3,500	1,525	1,970	3.4	3.1	3.8
80 to 84 years	2,530	1,030	1,500	2.5	2.1	2.9
85 years and over	2,675	1,075	1,600	2.6	2.2	3.1
85 to 89 years	1,585	640	945	1.6	1.3	1.8
90 to 94 years	890	345	545	0.9	0.7	1.0
95 to 99 years	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.1	18.0	16.1	17.1	18.0	16.1
15 to 64 years	64.4	64.8	63.9	64.4	64.8	63.9
65 years and over	18.6	17.2	20.0	18.6	17.2	20.0
85 years and over	2.6	2.2	3.1	2.6	2.2	3.1
Average age of the population	42.2	41.2	43.1	42.2	41.2	43.1
Median age of the population	43.6	42.4	44.4	43.6	42.4	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,435	...	...	53.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,485	...	...	9.1	...	...
Row house	1,190	...	...	3.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	880	...	...	2.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,770	...	...	30.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	595	...	...	1.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,580	...	...	24.9	...	...
2 persons	12,305	...	...	32.0	...	...
3 persons	6,205	...	...	16.1	...	...
4 persons	6,610	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,740	...	...	9.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	99,635	48,860	50,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	84,625	40,815	43,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	47,705	23,855	23,855	56.4	58.4	54.5
Married	34,585	17,320	17,270	40.9	42.4	39.4
Living common-law	13,115	6,530	6,580	15.5	16.0	15.0
Living common law - Never married	9,960	4,950	5,010	11.8	12.1	11.4
Living common law - Separated	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	2,710	1,375	1,335	3.2	3.4	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	285	115	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	36,915	16,960	19,955	43.6	41.6	45.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,590	13,435	12,155	30.2	32.9	27.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,250	505	745	1.5	1.2	1.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,400	1,920	3,485	6.4	4.7	8.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,675	1,100	3,570	5.5	2.7	8.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,895	...	...	45.2	...	...
3 persons	6,185	...	...	21.7	...	...
4 persons	6,540	...	...	22.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,895	...	...	10.2	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,465	...	...	82.3	...	...
Married couples	16,905	...	...	59.3	...	...
With children⁶	10,250	...	...	35.9	...	...
Without children	6,660	...	...	23.4	...	...
Common-law couples	6,560	...	...	23.0	...	...
With children⁶	3,260	...	...	11.4	...	...
Without children	3,305	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,045	...	...	17.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,940	...	...	13.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,105	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	99,635	48,860	50,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	85,835	42,455	43,380	86.1	86.9	85.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,935	23,435	23,500	47.1	48.0	46.3
Parents in one-parent families	5,045	1,105	3,945	5.1	2.3	7.8
Children⁶	33,855	17,915	15,935	34.0	36.7	31.4
In a two-parent family	26,005	13,635	12,370	26.1	27.9	24.4
In a one-parent family	7,850	4,280	3,570	7.9	8.8	7.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,800	6,405	7,390	13.9	13.1	14.6
Living alone	9,580	4,395	5,180	9.6	9.0	10.2
Living with other relatives⁷	2,390	930	1,455	2.4	1.9	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	1,835	1,075	760	1.8	2.2	1.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,610	...	...	66.6	...	...
Couple-family households	21,555	...	...	56.1	...	...
With children⁶	12,390	...	...	32.2	...	...
Without children	9,165	...	...	23.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,055	...	...	10.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,125	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,000	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	990	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	9,580	...	...	24.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	82,245	39,890	42,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,500	38,500	41,000	96.7	96.5	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	46,400	40,000	42,800	46,400	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,520	38,510	41,015	96.7	96.5	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	40,000	36,000	38,000	40,000	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,630	35,760	36,870	88.3	89.6	87.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	30,800	35,200	40,400	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,535	30,160	29,365	72.4	75.6	69.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	41,600	34,000	38,000	41,600	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,105	29,680	35,425	79.2	74.4	83.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,100	9,900	11,900	11,100	9,900	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,860	4,350	4,515	10.8	10.9	10.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,760	5,520	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,705	13,555	12,145	31.3	34.0	28.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	82,205	39,885	42,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,425	38,470	40,960	96.6	96.5	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,550	58,900	48,520	53,550	58,900	48,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,440	38,470	40,970	96.6	96.5	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,640	46,680	40,760	43,640	46,680	40,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,540	35,745	36,800	88.2	89.6	87.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,640	54,050	41,400	47,640	54,050	41,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,565	30,080	29,490	72.5	75.4	69.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,880	53,250	42,400	47,880	53,250	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,940	29,635	35,300	79.0	74.3	83.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,270	11,270	13,120	12,270	11,270	13,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,935	4,235	4,700	10.9	10.6	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,030	6,005	7,940	7,030	6,005	7,940
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,650	13,550	12,095	31.2	34.0	28.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,240	8,580	8,400	8,240	8,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	82,205	39,885	42,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,765	14,980	13,785	35.0	37.6	32.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	66,000	56,000	60,800	66,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,300	79,200	64,800	72,300	79,200	64,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,085	11,750	12,340	29.3	29.5	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	20,000	17,400	18,400	20,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,120	31,080	25,320	28,120	31,080	25,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.2	85.2	76.6	81.2	85.2	76.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.0	70.6	62.9	67.0	70.6	62.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.7	14.7	23.3	18.7	14.7	23.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.1	1.9	1.5	1.1	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	5.4	6.1	5.8	5.4	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	4.9	5.2	5.1	4.9	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	82,250	39,890	42,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,740	1,395	1,350	3.3	3.5	3.2
With total income	79,505	38,500	41,005	96.7	96.5	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,680	2,550	3,125	7.1	6.6	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	8,615	3,540	5,075	10.8	9.2	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	12,460	5,595	6,870	15.7	14.5	16.8
$30,000 to $39,999	10,070	4,700	5,370	12.7	12.2	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	9,900	4,540	5,360	12.5	11.8	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,160	3,825	4,330	10.3	9.9	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	6,280	3,140	3,140	7.9	8.2	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,670	2,425	2,245	5.9	6.3	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,765	1,995	1,770	4.7	5.2	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,630	1,475	1,155	3.3	3.8	2.8
$100,000 and over	7,275	4,705	2,565	9.2	12.2	6.3
$100,000 to $149,999	4,970	3,100	1,865	6.3	8.1	4.5
$150,000 and over	2,310	1,610	700	2.9	4.2	1.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	82,250	39,890	42,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,730	1,385	1,340	3.3	3.5	3.2
With after-tax income	79,520	38,505	41,015	96.7	96.5	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,080	2,685	3,395	7.6	7.0	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	9,145	3,815	5,325	11.5	9.9	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	14,795	6,745	8,050	18.6	17.5	19.6
$30,000 to $39,999	12,595	5,955	6,635	15.8	15.5	16.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,825	5,730	6,095	14.9	14.9	14.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,585	4,235	4,350	10.8	11.0	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	6,000	3,045	2,950	7.5	7.9	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,770	2,010	1,760	4.7	5.2	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,280	1,320	960	2.9	3.4	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,355	860	500	1.7	2.2	1.2
$100,000 and over	3,085	2,100	985	3.9	5.5	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,570	1,025	540	2.0	2.7	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,520	1,075	450	1.9	2.8	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	82,250	39,890	42,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,715	9,730	12,985	27.6	24.4	30.7
With employment income	59,530	30,165	29,370	72.4	75.6	69.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,865	4,060	3,810	13.2	13.5	13.0
$5,000 to $9,999	4,845	2,200	2,645	8.1	7.3	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,885	3,090	3,795	11.6	10.2	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,710	2,540	3,165	9.6	8.4	10.8
$30,000 to $39,999	5,705	2,750	2,955	9.6	9.1	10.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,985	2,745	3,240	10.1	9.1	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	4,980	2,460	2,515	8.4	8.2	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,050	2,195	1,860	6.8	7.3	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,210	1,750	1,460	5.4	5.8	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,890	1,550	1,340	4.9	5.1	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,885	1,145	745	3.2	3.8	2.5
$100,000 and over	5,515	3,675	1,840	9.3	12.2	6.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,605	1,655	950	4.4	5.5	3.2
$125,000 and over	2,910	2,025	890	4.9	6.7	3.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	82,245	39,890	42,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,650	37,555	40,095	94.4	94.1	94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	44,800	37,600	40,800	44,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,680	37,560	40,120	94.4	94.2	94.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,800	33,600	36,000	38,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,550	35,310	36,240	87.0	88.5	85.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	32,000	36,800	42,000	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,535	30,115	29,420	72.4	75.5	69.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,400	34,800	38,400	42,400	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,245	25,580	32,665	70.8	64.1	77.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	4,040	8,400	6,600	4,040	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,330	3,620	3,710	8.9	9.1	8.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	4,400	5,240	4,760	4,400	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	82,205	39,885	42,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,685	37,600	40,085	94.5	94.3	94.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,120	57,700	44,960	51,120	57,700	44,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,740	37,615	40,125	94.6	94.3	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,240	45,160	37,560	41,240	45,160	37,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,675	35,425	36,250	87.2	88.8	85.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,080	55,650	40,720	48,080	55,650	40,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,900	30,130	29,770	72.9	75.5	70.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,280	54,650	41,800	48,280	54,650	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,305	25,730	32,575	70.9	64.5	77.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,010	7,760	10,000	9,010	7,760	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,535	3,665	3,870	9.2	9.2	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,220	5,875	8,500	7,220	5,875	8,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	82,205	39,885	42,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,615	14,915	13,700	34.8	37.4	32.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	62,800	52,000	57,200	62,800	52,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,800	77,000	59,850	68,800	77,000	59,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,820	11,135	11,685	27.8	27.9	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	26,600	22,000	24,200	26,600	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,560	37,680	29,600	33,560	37,680	29,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.8	90.8	82.0	86.8	90.8	82.0
Employment income (%)	72.8	76.0	69.0	72.8	76.0	69.0
Government transfers (%)	13.2	9.2	18.1	13.2	9.2	18.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	1.8	1.4	1.0	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,865	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,840	...	...	46,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,500	...	...	104,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	240	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	435	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,215	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,045	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,020	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,295	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,480	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,400	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,705	...	...	7.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,590	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,670	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,460	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,350	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,265	...	...	44.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,275	...	...	13.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,825	...	...	10.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,415	...	...	11.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,750	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	245	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	470	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,330	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,340	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,255	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,705	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,785	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,660	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,225	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,230	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,030	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,955	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,755	...	...	7.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,110	...	...	34.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,315	...	...	13.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,315	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,480	...	...	11.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,415	5,475	5,940	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	45,200	40,000	42,400	45,200	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	38,800	35,600	37,200	38,800	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	104,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...	105,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,300	...	...	85,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,300	...	...	127,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...	93,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,800	...	...	78,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,475	5,565	5,910	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,800	55,200	52,500	53,800	55,200	52,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,640	44,480	44,800	44,640	44,480	44,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	99,635	48,865	50,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,170	10,890	10,280	21.2	22.3	20.2
0 to 5 years	6,015	3,065	2,955	6.0	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	61,185	29,950	31,235	61.4	61.3	61.5
65 years and over	17,280	8,025	9,255	17.3	16.4	18.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,635	3,055	3,585	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,290	685	610	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	400	215	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,160	1,570	1,590	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,185	800	1,385	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.7	6.3	7.1	6.7	6.3	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	6.1	6.3	5.9	6.1	6.3	5.9
0 to 5 years (%)	6.6	7.0	6.1	6.6	7.0	6.1
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.3	5.1	5.2	5.3	5.1
65 years and over (%)	12.7	10.0	15.0	12.7	10.0	15.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	99,635	48,860	50,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,170	10,885	10,280	21.2	22.3	20.2
0 to 5 years	6,020	3,065	2,950	6.0	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	61,185	29,950	31,230	61.4	61.3	61.5
65 years and over	17,285	8,025	9,260	17.3	16.4	18.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,290	1,640	1,650	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	580	305	275	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	175	90	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,010	1,075	935	...	...	...
65 years and over	705	260	445	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.6	3.0	3.3	3.6	3.0
65 years and over (%)	4.1	3.2	4.8	4.1	3.2	4.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	99,635	48,865	50,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,780	22,990	24,790	48.0	47.0	48.8
In bottom decile	5,390	2,570	2,815	5.4	5.3	5.5
In second decile	8,385	3,820	4,565	8.4	7.8	9.0
In third decile	10,400	4,995	5,400	10.4	10.2	10.6
In fourth decile	11,515	5,670	5,845	11.6	11.6	11.5
In fifth decile	12,095	5,935	6,160	12.1	12.1	12.1
In top half of the distribution	51,855	25,870	25,985	52.0	52.9	51.2
In sixth decile	12,175	6,020	6,150	12.2	12.3	12.1
In seventh decile	11,475	5,695	5,780	11.5	11.7	11.4
In eighth decile	10,845	5,415	5,435	10.9	11.1	10.7
In ninth decile	9,465	4,730	4,735	9.5	9.7	9.3
In top decile	7,895	4,010	3,880	7.9	8.2	7.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	99,635	...	...	99,635	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.417	...	...	0.417	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	...	...	0.256	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	100,975	49,245	51,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	2,540	1,310	1,230	2.5	2.7	2.4
French only	38,230	17,065	21,170	37.9	34.7	40.9
English and French	59,025	30,450	28,575	58.5	61.8	55.2
Neither English nor French	1,170	420	750	1.2	0.9	1.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	100,975	49,245	51,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	17,630	8,890	8,740	17.5	18.1	16.9
French	75,805	36,565	39,240	75.1	74.3	75.9
English and French	6,420	3,395	3,020	6.4	6.9	5.8
Neither English nor French	1,115	395	725	1.1	0.8	1.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	100,975	49,245	51,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,770	46,170	48,605	93.9	93.8	94.0
Official languages	66,045	32,275	33,775	65.4	65.5	65.3
English	7,930	4,075	3,850	7.9	8.3	7.4
French	58,120	28,195	29,930	57.6	57.3	57.9
Non-official languages	28,720	13,895	14,830	28.4	28.2	28.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	28,720	13,890	14,830	28.4	28.2	28.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,285	3,235	3,050	6.2	6.6	5.9
Berber languages	1,080	555	530	1.1	1.1	1.0
Kabyle	1,005	515	495	1.0	1.0	1.0
Tamazight	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,185	2,675	2,510	5.1	5.4	4.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5,170	2,665	2,505	5.1	5.4	4.8
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	915	420	495	0.9	0.9	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	305	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	610	285	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	3,385	1,465	1,920	3.4	3.0	3.7
Haitian Creole	2,900	1,270	1,630	2.9	2.6	3.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	435	170	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,530	8,050	8,485	16.4	16.3	16.4
Albanian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	650	310	340	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	645	305	340	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	235	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	295	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	440	225	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	230	125	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	14,845	7,215	7,625	14.7	14.7	14.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	8,400	4,125	4,275	8.3	8.4	8.3
Portuguese	1,210	565	645	1.2	1.1	1.2
Romanian	995	485	515	1.0	1.0	1.0
Spanish	4,225	2,040	2,185	4.2	4.1	4.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	355	160	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	25	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	425	195	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	425	195	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	300	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,200	3,080	3,120	6.1	6.3	6.0
English and French	1,580	825	755	1.6	1.7	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	890	450	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	2,810	1,345	1,465	2.8	2.7	2.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	790	395	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	100,975	49,245	51,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	10,960	5,510	5,450	10.9	11.2	10.5
French	54,800	26,660	28,140	54.3	54.1	54.4
Non-official language	5,910	2,765	3,145	5.9	5.6	6.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,910	2,765	3,145	5.9	5.6	6.1
English and French	6,470	3,285	3,190	6.4	6.7	6.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,415	1,190	1,225	2.4	2.4	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	12,350	5,850	6,500	12.2	11.9	12.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	7,850	3,900	3,950	7.8	7.9	7.6
Multiple non-official languages	215	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	100,975	49,245	51,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	93,395	45,585	47,815	92.5	92.6	92.4
Official languages	81,595	39,925	41,670	80.8	81.1	80.6
English	16,250	8,140	8,110	16.1	16.5	15.7
French	65,345	31,785	33,555	64.7	64.5	64.9
Non-official languages	11,805	5,660	6,145	11.7	11.5	11.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,805	5,660	6,145	11.7	11.5	11.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,780	1,395	1,390	2.8	2.8	2.7
Berber languages	340	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamazight	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,440	1,235	1,210	2.4	2.5	2.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,435	1,230	1,210	2.4	2.5	2.3
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	640	300	340	0.6	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	200	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	445	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,380	600	780	1.4	1.2	1.5
Haitian Creole	1,175	515	655	1.2	1.0	1.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	180	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	160	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	160	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,110	2,930	3,180	6.1	5.9	6.1
Albanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	330	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,245	2,495	2,745	5.2	5.1	5.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,465	655	810	1.5	1.3	1.6
Portuguese	460	220	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romanian	680	340	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
Spanish	2,630	1,280	1,355	2.6	2.6	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	250	130	130	0.2	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	250	130	130	0.2	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	240	130	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	235	130	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,575	3,660	3,915	7.5	7.4	7.6
English and French	2,195	1,090	1,105	2.2	2.2	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	615	285	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	3,810	1,825	1,985	3.8	3.7	3.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	930	455	475	0.9	0.9	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	100,975	49,245	51,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	77,375	37,685	39,695	76.6	76.5	76.7
English	4,205	2,145	2,060	4.2	4.4	4.0
French	5,775	2,800	2,975	5.7	5.7	5.8
Non-official language	7,745	3,680	4,070	7.7	7.5	7.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	7,740	3,675	4,070	7.7	7.5	7.9
English and French	1,285	680	600	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,110	1,035	1,080	2.1	2.1	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,025	1,000	1,020	2.0	2.0	2.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	345	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	99,560	48,815	50,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	98,410	48,445	49,965	98.8	99.2	98.5
English	61,025	31,545	29,475	61.3	64.6	58.1
French	95,895	47,115	48,780	96.3	96.5	96.1
Non-official languages	44,570	21,535	23,040	44.8	44.1	45.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	44,570	21,535	23,040	44.8	44.1	45.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,070	5,190	4,885	10.1	10.6	9.6
Berber languages	1,635	845	795	1.6	1.7	1.6
Kabyle	1,525	790	740	1.5	1.6	1.5
Tamazight	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	9,345	4,775	4,570	9.4	9.8	9.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	9,305	4,760	4,545	9.3	9.8	9.0
Aramaic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,230	575	655	1.2	1.2	1.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	485	225	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vietnamese	785	365	420	0.8	0.7	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	165	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	7,305	3,285	4,025	7.3	6.7	7.9
Haitian Creole	7,020	3,155	3,865	7.1	6.5	7.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	575	250	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	230	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	230	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,725	12,030	12,695	24.8	24.6	25.0
Albanian	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	1,025	490	540	1.0	1.0	1.1
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,015	480	540	1.0	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	570	265	305	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	385	200	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	310	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	645	345	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indo-Iranian languages	560	305	255	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	335	185	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	255	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	235	125	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	22,335	10,790	11,550	22.4	22.1	22.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	12,525	6,185	6,340	12.6	12.7	12.5
Portuguese	1,790	840	945	1.8	1.7	1.9
Romanian	1,015	485	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Spanish	8,600	4,000	4,600	8.6	8.2	9.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	910	410	500	0.9	0.8	1.0
Akan (Twi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wolof	170	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	585	250	340	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese languages	585	250	340	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	410	180	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	200	75	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	290	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	290	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	99,560	48,815	50,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	815	380	435	0.8	0.8	0.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	730	340	390	0.7	0.7	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	360	175	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Métis	365	165	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	98,750	48,435	50,310	99.2	99.2	99.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	99,560	48,815	50,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	99,455	48,765	50,690	99.9	99.9	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	28,295	...	...	73.5	...	...
Renter	10,210	...	...	26.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,765	...	...	12.4	...	...
Not condominium	33,740	...	...	87.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	3,460	...	...	9.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,030	...	...	26.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,340	...	...	39.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,625	...	...	25.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,000	...	...	26.0	...	...
5 rooms	5,995	...	...	15.6	...	...
6 rooms	5,105	...	...	13.3	...	...
7 rooms	5,225	...	...	13.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,180	...	...	31.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,965	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	545	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,860	...	...	95.7	...	...
Not suitable	1,645	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,050	...	...	15.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,420	...	...	37.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,050	...	...	18.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,985	...	...	10.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,320	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,260	...	...	5.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,720	...	...	4.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	705	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,425	...	...	94.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,080	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,115	...	...	47.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,110	...	...	49.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,280	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	405	...	...	1.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,635	...	...	9.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,430	...	...	16.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,105	...	...	21.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,115	...	...	23.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,270	...	...	16.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,360	...	...	8.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,180	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	38,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,170	...	...	86.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,220	...	...	13.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,910	...	...	12.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,360	...	...	21.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,785	...	...	12.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,420	...	...	3.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,590	...	...	4.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	345	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,145	...	...	78.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	38,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,875	...	...	4.9	...	...
Not in core need	36,210	...	...	95.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,275	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.9	...	...	62.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.2	...	...	10.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,348	...	...	1,348	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	453,600	...	...	453,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,210	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.2	...	...	23.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.2	...	...	13.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	929	...	...	929	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	99,565	48,815	50,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	590	245	340	0.6	0.5	0.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	585	245	335	0.6	0.5	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	490	205	285	0.5	0.4	0.6
Métis single ancestry	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,085	540	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,065	535	530	1.1	1.1	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	985	500	480	1.0	1.0	0.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	97,890	48,030	49,860	98.3	98.4	98.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	99,565	48,815	50,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	94,875	46,590	48,285	95.3	95.4	95.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,340	10,480	9,865	20.4	21.5	19.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,530	36,115	38,420	74.9	74.0	75.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,690	2,225	2,465	4.7	4.6	4.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	99,565	48,815	50,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	73,050	35,960	37,090	73.4	73.7	73.1
Immigrants⁸¹	25,585	12,390	13,195	25.7	25.4	26.0
Before 1980	5,380	2,825	2,560	5.4	5.8	5.0
1980 to 1990	3,600	1,725	1,870	3.6	3.5	3.7
1991 to 2000	4,580	2,195	2,390	4.6	4.5	4.7
2001 to 2010	6,930	3,255	3,675	7.0	6.7	7.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,090	2,395	2,700	5.1	4.9	5.3
2011 to 2015	3,150	1,500	1,645	3.2	3.1	3.2
2016 to 2021	1,945	890	1,055	2.0	1.8	2.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	925	460	465	0.9	0.9	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	25,590	12,390	13,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,620	1,305	1,315	10.2	10.5	10.0
5 to 14 years	5,050	2,560	2,485	19.7	20.7	18.8
15 to 24 years	4,940	2,150	2,790	19.3	17.4	21.1
25 to 44 years	11,405	5,680	5,730	44.6	45.8	43.4
45 years and over	1,570	695	875	6.1	5.6	6.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	25,590	12,390	13,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	8,935	3,895	5,040	34.9	31.4	38.2
Brazil	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	495	255	240	1.9	2.1	1.8
El Salvador	485	245	245	1.9	2.0	1.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	5,315	2,255	3,060	20.8	18.2	23.2
Jamaica	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	315	135	180	1.2	1.1	1.4
Peru	430	165	270	1.7	1.3	2.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
United States of America	315	150	165	1.2	1.2	1.3
Other places of birth in Americas	1,500	670	830	5.9	5.4	6.3
Europe	5,865	3,080	2,785	22.9	24.9	21.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatia	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	755	430	325	3.0	3.5	2.5
Germany	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greece	105	65	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	2,650	1,450	1,200	10.4	11.7	9.1
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	100	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portugal	720	375	340	2.8	3.0	2.6
Romania	555	250	300	2.2	2.0	2.3
Russian Federation	95	30	65	0.4	0.2	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Europe	630	300	330	2.5	2.4	2.5
Africa	6,620	3,290	3,325	25.9	26.6	25.2
Algeria	2,845	1,375	1,470	11.1	11.1	11.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	230	125	105	0.9	1.0	0.8
Egypt	180	110	65	0.7	0.9	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	1,740	870	870	6.8	7.0	6.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,610	805	810	6.3	6.5	6.1
Asia	4,150	2,120	2,030	16.2	17.1	15.4
Afghanistan	90	50	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	105	60	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iraq	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	1,580	900	680	6.2	7.3	5.2
Syria⁸⁹	270	120	150	1.1	1.0	1.1
Turkey	150	90	60	0.6	0.7	0.5
China⁹⁰	250	110	140	1.0	0.9	1.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	85	30	60	0.3	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	510	240	270	2.0	1.9	2.0
Bangladesh	70	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
India	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	70	45	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Sri Lanka	125	55	75	0.5	0.4	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	705	325	380	2.8	2.6	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,945	890	1,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	600	285	310	30.8	32.0	29.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	65	40	25	3.3	4.5	2.4
Haiti	340	145	195	17.5	16.3	18.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	0	20	1.5	0.0	1.9
United States of America	50	25	25	2.6	2.8	2.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	115	70	45	5.9	7.9	4.3
Europe	160	65	90	8.2	7.3	8.6
France	50	30	20	2.6	3.4	1.9
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	10	1.0	1.1	1.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	80	30	55	4.1	3.4	5.2
Africa	830	370	460	42.7	41.6	43.8
Algeria	205	80	125	10.5	9.0	11.9
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	115	60	60	5.9	6.7	5.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	65	35	25	3.3	3.9	2.4
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	190	70	115	9.8	7.9	11.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	80	35	40	4.1	3.9	3.8
Other places of birth in Africa	165	75	90	8.5	8.4	8.6
Asia	350	160	190	18.0	18.0	18.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	15	10	1.0	1.7	1.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	1.8	1.7	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	100	55	45	5.1	6.2	4.3
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	30	20	10	1.5	2.2	1.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0
Saudi Arabia	15	15	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	55	25	35	2.8	2.8	3.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	40	15	20	2.1	1.7	1.9
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	99,560	48,815	50,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	27,160	13,170	13,990	27.3	27.0	27.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	24,650	12,290	12,360	24.8	25.2	24.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	47,755	23,360	24,395	48.0	47.9	48.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	20,205	9,565	10,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10,020	5,245	4,775	49.6	54.8	44.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,455	2,775	1,685	22.0	29.0	15.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,560	2,465	3,095	27.5	25.8	29.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	6,570	2,605	3,970	32.5	27.2	37.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,235	1,560	1,680	16.0	16.3	15.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	375	160	210	1.9	1.7	2.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	20,205	9,565	10,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,150	1,075	1,080	10.6	11.2	10.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,415	780	640	7.0	8.2	6.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	305	155	150	1.5	1.6	1.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	325	200	125	1.6	2.1	1.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	375	105	270	1.9	1.1	2.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	15,630	7,250	8,375	77.4	75.8	78.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	99,560	48,815	50,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	29,005	13,955	15,050	29.1	28.6	29.7
South Asian	725	345	385	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chinese	660	260	400	0.7	0.5	0.8
Black	12,910	5,985	6,925	13.0	12.3	13.6
Filipino	165	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab	7,680	3,945	3,740	7.7	8.1	7.4
Latin American	4,300	2,075	2,225	4.3	4.3	4.4
Southeast Asian	1,535	745	790	1.5	1.5	1.6
West Asian	220	125	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	160	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	600	305	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	70,560	34,860	35,700	70.9	71.4	70.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	99,565	48,815	50,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,950	8,220	8,730	17.0	16.8	17.2
English	1,085	420	665	1.1	0.9	1.3
Irish	2,575	1,130	1,440	2.6	2.3	2.8
Scottish	895	485	415	0.9	1.0	0.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,970	7,430	7,540	15.0	15.2	14.9
German	875	420	460	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	900	370	530	0.9	0.8	1.0
Italian	17,535	8,950	8,585	17.6	18.3	16.9
Indian (India)	240	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukrainian	380	205	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dutch	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	520	260	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	7,995	4,025	3,970	8.0	8.2	7.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	4,160	1,975	2,185	4.2	4.0	4.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	930	440	495	0.9	0.9	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	740	340	400	0.7	0.7	0.8
Métis	175	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	775	355	420	0.8	0.7	0.8
Russian	385	170	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Norwegian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	2,420	1,190	1,230	2.4	2.4	2.4
American	285	125	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,225	540	685	1.2	1.1	1.3
Swedish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	695	340	350	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistani	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,070	1,035	1,035	2.1	2.1	2.0
Jewish	110	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	915	455	460	0.9	0.9	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,675	1,395	1,285	2.7	2.9	2.5
Greek	1,050	585	465	1.1	1.2	0.9
Jamaican	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	150	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	895	445	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
Lebanese	3,395	1,800	1,595	3.4	3.7	3.1
Iranian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	700	335	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Danish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	510	255	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	8,865	3,980	4,890	8.9	8.2	9.6
Hindu	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	490	230	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	145	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	410	220	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Egyptian	290	160	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	750	405	340	0.8	0.8	0.7
Tamil	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	645	310	335	0.6	0.6	0.7
Moroccan	1,800	930	865	1.8	1.9	1.7
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	555	290	270	0.6	0.6	0.5
Guyanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	460	205	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Serbian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	440	195	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	2,400	1,120	1,275	2.4	2.3	2.5
Brazilian	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	345	175	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Slovak	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	750	415	335	0.8	0.9	0.7
African Caribbean	340	180	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	205	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	120	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	450	190	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Congolese	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	155	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	635	280	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	610	295	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber	1,415	790	625	1.4	1.6	1.2
Albanian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	100	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	410	205	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	205	125	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guatemalan	535	220	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	120	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Franco Ontarian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	405	170	235	0.4	0.3	0.5
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	850	455	395	0.9	0.9	0.8
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	165	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gaspesian	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	125	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Honduran	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	85	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	99,560	48,815	50,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,125	510	615	1.1	1.0	1.2
Christian	68,850	32,850	35,995	69.2	67.3	70.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,735	3,255	3,480	6.8	6.7	6.9
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	860	415	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catholic	55,150	26,310	28,835	55.4	53.9	56.8
Christian Orthodox	2,200	1,145	1,060	2.2	2.3	2.1
Jehovah's Witness	460	195	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	960	420	540	1.0	0.9	1.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,190	985	1,200	2.2	2.0	2.4
Hindu	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	10,775	5,480	5,290	10.8	11.2	10.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	18,300	9,730	8,570	18.4	19.9	16.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	98,725	48,400	50,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	90,855	44,555	46,300	92.0	92.1	92.0
Movers	7,875	3,845	4,030	8.0	7.9	8.0
Non-migrants	4,425	2,185	2,240	4.5	4.5	4.5
Migrants	3,445	1,660	1,790	3.5	3.4	3.6
Internal migrants	3,080	1,465	1,610	3.1	3.0	3.2
Intraprovincial migrants	3,010	1,425	1,580	3.0	2.9	3.1
Interprovincial migrants	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	370	190	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	94,605	46,310	48,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,720	31,780	32,945	68.4	68.6	68.2
Movers	29,880	14,530	15,350	31.6	31.4	31.8
Non-migrants	12,565	6,005	6,560	13.3	13.0	13.6
Migrants	17,320	8,530	8,790	18.3	18.4	18.2
Internal migrants	15,035	7,425	7,615	15.9	16.0	15.8
Intraprovincial migrants	14,695	7,255	7,440	15.5	15.7	15.4
Interprovincial migrants	345	170	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	2,285	1,105	1,175	2.4	2.4	2.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	82,205	39,885	42,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,240	8,040	7,200	18.5	20.2	17.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,970	31,850	35,120	81.5	79.9	83.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,970	25,625	27,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,210	3,605	2,605	11.7	14.1	9.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,760	22,020	24,745	88.3	85.9	90.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	82,210	39,885	42,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,635	7,015	6,615	16.6	17.6	15.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,560	9,060	9,495	22.6	22.7	22.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,020	23,810	26,210	60.8	59.7	61.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,620	15,115	15,500	37.2	37.9	36.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,995	6,960	5,030	14.6	17.5	11.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,510	4,315	4,195	10.4	10.8	9.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,480	2,640	835	4.2	6.6	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,240	6,770	8,470	18.5	17.0	20.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,375	1,380	1,995	4.1	3.5	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,400	8,695	10,705	23.6	21.8	25.3
Bachelor's degree	12,845	5,585	7,270	15.6	14.0	17.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,025	910	1,115	2.5	2.3	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	600	260	340	0.7	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	3,460	1,660	1,805	4.2	4.2	4.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	470	285	185	0.6	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,975	25,620	27,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,100	2,935	2,160	9.6	11.5	7.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,575	4,940	4,640	18.1	19.3	17.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,300	17,745	20,550	72.3	69.3	75.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,400	10,885	11,520	42.3	42.5	42.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,220	5,145	4,075	17.4	20.1	14.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,610	3,215	3,395	12.5	12.5	12.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,610	1,930	680	4.9	7.5	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,640	4,735	5,910	20.1	18.5	21.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,535	1,005	1,530	4.8	3.9	5.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,895	6,865	9,030	30.0	26.8	33.0
Bachelor's degree	10,630	4,525	6,105	20.1	17.7	22.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,655	705	950	3.1	2.8	3.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	475	185	290	0.9	0.7	1.1
Master's degree	2,770	1,245	1,525	5.2	4.9	5.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	360	210	155	0.7	0.8	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	82,210	39,885	42,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,190	16,080	16,115	39.2	40.3	38.1
Education	3,485	705	2,780	4.2	1.8	6.6
13. Education	3,485	705	2,780	4.2	1.8	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,680	765	920	2.0	1.9	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	295	230	65	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,385	535	855	1.7	1.3	2.0
Humanities	2,710	1,045	1,665	3.3	2.6	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	385	80	305	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	160	60	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,485	595	890	1.8	1.5	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	140	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	345	120	225	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,510	1,915	3,595	6.7	4.8	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	475	165	310	0.6	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,025	100	925	1.2	0.3	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	1,075	415	665	1.3	1.0	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	10	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	765	180	585	0.9	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	2,010	1,030	980	2.4	2.6	2.3
Business, management and public administration	12,540	4,950	7,590	15.3	12.4	17.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	460	120	335	0.6	0.3	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,075	4,825	7,250	14.7	12.1	17.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,045	1,030	1,010	2.5	2.6	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	620	225	400	0.8	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	360	170	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	345	170	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	640	425	210	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,185	1,550	640	2.7	3.9	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,850	1,370	480	2.3	3.4	1.1
25. Library science	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	115	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,620	8,750	870	11.7	21.9	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	470	300	170	0.6	0.8	0.4
14. Engineering	2,265	1,910	355	2.8	4.8	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,865	1,690	175	2.3	4.2	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,240	2,150	90	2.7	5.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,920	1,885	35	2.3	4.7	0.1
48. Precision production	860	820	40	1.0	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	555	300	260	0.7	0.8	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	460	230	235	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	6,750	1,315	5,440	8.2	3.3	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	285	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,245	1,070	5,175	7.6	2.7	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	220	105	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,920	1,490	1,435	3.6	3.7	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,685	410	1,270	2.0	1.0	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	570	460	110	0.7	1.2	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	660	605	55	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,970	25,625	27,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,675	7,875	6,800	27.7	30.7	24.9
Education	2,510	440	2,070	4.7	1.7	7.6
13. Education	2,510	440	2,070	4.7	1.7	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,240	525	715	2.3	2.0	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	140	55	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,050	385	660	2.0	1.5	2.4
Humanities	1,640	605	1,035	3.1	2.4	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	295	55	235	0.6	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	115	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	800	310	485	1.5	1.2	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	95	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	215	75	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,210	1,370	2,840	7.9	5.3	10.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	120	270	0.7	0.5	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	820	70	750	1.5	0.3	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	860	315	540	1.6	1.2	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	530	110	420	1.0	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,505	740	765	2.8	2.9	2.8
Business, management and public administration	10,025	3,765	6,260	18.9	14.7	22.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	350	85	260	0.7	0.3	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,670	3,675	6,000	18.3	14.3	21.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,250	610	635	2.4	2.4	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	515	200	315	1.0	0.8	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	165	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	450	265	185	0.8	1.0	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,850	1,300	550	3.5	5.1	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,605	1,180	425	3.0	4.6	1.6
25. Library science	85	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	80	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,510	6,725	780	14.2	26.2	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	370	220	155	0.7	0.9	0.6
14. Engineering	1,925	1,595	330	3.6	6.2	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,490	1,330	160	2.8	5.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,725	1,645	80	3.3	6.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,435	1,405	30	2.7	5.5	0.1
48. Precision production	565	535	30	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	465	215	250	0.9	0.8	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	170	225	0.7	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	5,325	1,035	4,290	10.1	4.0	15.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	235	120	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,905	845	4,060	9.3	3.3	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	185	70	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,275	1,160	1,115	4.3	4.5	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,280	305	980	2.4	1.2	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	425	345	80	0.8	1.3	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	560	505	55	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	52,970	25,625	27,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,675	7,875	6,800	27.7	30.7	24.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,295	17,750	20,550	72.3	69.3	75.1
Location of study inside Canada	32,940	14,985	17,950	62.2	58.5	65.6
Same as province or territory of residence	32,495	14,770	17,725	61.3	57.6	64.8
Different than province or territory of residence	440	215	225	0.8	0.8	0.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,360	2,760	2,600	10.1	10.8	9.5
Americas	1,315	625	690	2.5	2.4	2.5
United States of America	170	110	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexico	145	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cuba	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	470	215	250	0.9	0.8	0.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	165	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	190	105	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Europe	1,175	660	515	2.2	2.6	1.9
Belgium	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	520	310	210	1.0	1.2	0.8
Germany	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	200	105	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Russian Federation	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	2,085	1,085	1,000	3.9	4.2	3.7
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	1,090	545	545	2.1	2.1	2.0
Morocco	515	270	240	1.0	1.1	0.9
Tunisia	165	100	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Egypt	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	270	145	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
Asia	760	375	385	1.4	1.5	1.4
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	360	195	170	0.7	0.8	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oceania	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	82,210	39,885	42,325	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,815	27,900	26,915	...	...	...
Employed	50,810	25,755	25,055	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,005	2,145	1,860	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,390	11,985	15,405	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.7	70.0	63.6	66.7	70.0	63.6
Employment rate	61.8	64.6	59.2	61.8	64.6	59.2
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.7	6.9	7.3	7.7	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	82,210	39,885	42,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,560	12,035	15,520	33.5	30.2	36.7
Worked	54,650	27,845	26,800	66.5	69.8	63.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,325	15,380	13,945	35.7	38.6	32.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,325	12,465	12,860	30.8	31.3	30.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.6	40.9	41.3	41.6	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,810	27,895	26,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,055	485	570	1.9	1.7	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,760	27,410	26,350	98.1	98.3	97.9
Employee	46,960	22,745	24,215	85.7	81.5	90.0
Permanent position	40,105	19,725	20,385	73.2	70.7	75.7
Temporary position	6,860	3,025	3,830	12.5	10.8	14.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,615	1,070	1,550	4.8	3.8	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,235	1,960	2,280	7.7	7.0	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,795	4,665	2,130	12.4	16.7	7.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,810	27,895	26,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,055	485	570	1.9	1.7	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,760	27,410	26,350	98.1	98.3	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,095	850	250	2.0	3.0	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,210	3,780	7,430	20.5	13.6	27.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,020	3,105	915	7.3	11.1	3.4
3 Health occupations	4,835	1,030	3,810	8.8	3.7	14.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,600	1,710	4,885	12.0	6.1	18.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,230	630	595	2.2	2.3	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	14,080	6,900	7,180	25.7	24.7	26.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,270	7,605	670	15.1	27.3	2.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	480	405	80	0.9	1.5	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,940	1,400	540	3.5	5.0	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,810	27,895	26,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,055	485	570	1.9	1.7	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	53,760	27,410	26,350	98.1	98.3	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	180	130	50	0.3	0.5	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	345	260	80	0.6	0.9	0.3
23 Construction	3,795	3,075	715	6.9	11.0	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	4,950	3,370	1,580	9.0	12.1	5.9
41 Wholesale trade	2,465	1,505	960	4.5	5.4	3.6
44-45 Retail trade	6,940	3,435	3,500	12.7	12.3	13.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,985	2,455	525	5.4	8.8	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,045	645	395	1.9	2.3	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	2,665	1,115	1,555	4.9	4.0	5.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	975	525	445	1.8	1.9	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,100	2,320	1,780	7.5	8.3	6.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	120	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,510	1,620	885	4.6	5.8	3.3
61 Educational services	4,370	1,215	3,155	8.0	4.4	11.7
62 Health care and social assistance	8,355	1,715	6,635	15.2	6.1	24.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	595	325	275	1.1	1.2	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,250	1,145	1,105	4.1	4.1	4.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,335	1,055	1,280	4.3	3.8	4.8
91 Public administration	2,735	1,395	1,335	5.0	5.0	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	58,250	29,600	28,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,205	1,630	1,575	5.5	5.5	5.5
French	32,070	15,920	16,145	55.1	53.8	56.4
Non-official language	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	21,150	11,105	10,050	36.3	37.5	35.1
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	365	165	200	0.6	0.6	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,265	675	595	2.2	2.3	2.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	58,250	29,600	28,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	52,905	26,805	26,095	90.8	90.6	91.1
Official languages	52,660	26,675	25,990	90.4	90.1	90.7
English	8,135	4,150	3,985	14.0	14.0	13.9
French	44,530	22,525	22,005	76.4	76.1	76.8
Non-official languages	240	125	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	240	125	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	125	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	85	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	80	60	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,350	2,795	2,550	9.2	9.4	8.9
English and French	4,975	2,635	2,340	8.5	8.9	8.2
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	165	50	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	58,250	29,600	28,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	40,330	20,200	20,130	69.2	68.2	70.3
English	11,820	6,265	5,555	20.3	21.2	19.4
French	4,810	2,445	2,365	8.3	8.3	8.3
Non-official language	505	265	235	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	505	265	235	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	555	290	260	1.0	1.0	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	170	105	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,810	25,755	25,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,810	5,250	5,560	21.3	20.4	22.2
Worked outside Canada	80	60	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,845	4,300	1,545	11.5	16.7	6.2
Usual place of work	34,080	16,140	17,935	67.1	62.7	71.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,075	16,145	17,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,170	6,590	8,585	44.5	40.8	47.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	18,880	9,530	9,345	55.4	59.0	52.1
Commute to a different province or territory	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,920	20,440	19,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,650	18,010	15,640	84.3	88.1	80.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,600	17,330	14,270	79.2	84.8	73.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,050	685	1,365	5.1	3.4	7.0
Public transit	4,535	1,725	2,810	11.4	8.4	14.4
Walked	995	290	700	2.5	1.4	3.6
Bicycle	180	130	50	0.5	0.6	0.3
Other method	560	280	280	1.4	1.4	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,920	20,440	19,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,310	3,270	4,045	18.3	16.0	20.8
15 to 29 minutes	14,355	7,240	7,115	36.0	35.4	36.5
30 to 44 minutes	10,235	5,890	4,345	25.6	28.8	22.3
45 to 59 minutes	4,345	2,245	2,095	10.9	11.0	10.8
60 minutes and over	3,680	1,800	1,880	9.2	8.8	9.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,920	20,440	19,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,215	2,510	710	8.1	12.3	3.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,405	4,175	3,230	18.5	20.4	16.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,315	4,690	5,630	25.8	22.9	28.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,880	3,350	4,525	19.7	16.4	23.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,655	2,085	2,570	11.7	10.2	13.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,450	3,635	2,815	16.2	17.8	14.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,595	11,120	10,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,635	2,895	2,740	26.1	26.0	26.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,960	8,220	7,735	73.9	73.9	73.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,335	8,435	7,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,465	2,300	2,160	27.3	27.3	27.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,505	1,820	1,685	21.5	21.6	21.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	955	485	475	5.8	5.7	6.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,870	6,130	5,740	72.7	72.7	72.6

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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