Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Ahuntsic-CartiervilleMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	118,170	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	117,447	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.6	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	55,547	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	52,259	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5,451.5	...	...	5,451.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	21.68	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	118,170	57,750	60,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,795	10,155	9,645	16.8	17.6	16.0
0 to 4 years	6,530	3,340	3,185	5.5	5.8	5.3
5 to 9 years	6,835	3,505	3,330	5.8	6.1	5.5
10 to 14 years	6,430	3,300	3,130	5.4	5.7	5.2
15 to 64 years	75,785	38,185	37,600	64.1	66.1	62.2
15 to 19 years	5,705	2,875	2,825	4.8	5.0	4.7
20 to 24 years	7,040	3,555	3,480	6.0	6.2	5.8
25 to 29 years	8,125	3,995	4,135	6.9	6.9	6.8
30 to 34 years	8,350	4,090	4,260	7.1	7.1	7.1
35 to 39 years	8,640	4,335	4,305	7.3	7.5	7.1
40 to 44 years	8,535	4,355	4,180	7.2	7.5	6.9
45 to 49 years	7,715	3,895	3,820	6.5	6.7	6.3
50 to 54 years	7,360	3,875	3,485	6.2	6.7	5.8
55 to 59 years	7,450	3,850	3,600	6.3	6.7	6.0
60 to 64 years	6,855	3,355	3,505	5.8	5.8	5.8
65 years and over	22,590	9,415	13,180	19.1	16.3	21.8
65 to 69 years	5,930	2,740	3,195	5.0	4.7	5.3
70 to 74 years	5,015	2,285	2,735	4.2	4.0	4.5
75 to 79 years	4,045	1,680	2,365	3.4	2.9	3.9
80 to 84 years	3,210	1,210	2,000	2.7	2.1	3.3
85 years and over	4,390	1,500	2,890	3.7	2.6	4.8
85 to 89 years	2,600	915	1,685	2.2	1.6	2.8
90 to 94 years	1,410	485	930	1.2	0.8	1.5
95 to 99 years	325	90	235	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.6	16.0	16.8	17.6	16.0
15 to 64 years	64.1	66.1	62.2	64.1	66.1	62.2
65 years and over	19.1	16.3	21.8	19.1	16.3	21.8
85 years and over	3.7	2.6	4.8	3.7	2.6	4.8
Average age of the population	41.7	40.4	43.1	41.7	40.4	43.1
Median age of the population	40.8	40.0	42.0	40.8	40.0	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	52,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	4,845	...	...	9.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,065	...	...	4.0	...	...
Row house	575	...	...	1.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,015	...	...	11.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	30,945	...	...	59.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	7,540	...	...	14.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	265	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	52,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	21,770	...	...	41.7	...	...
2 persons	14,220	...	...	27.2	...	...
3 persons	6,690	...	...	12.8	...	...
4 persons	6,010	...	...	11.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,570	...	...	6.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	113,790	55,780	58,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	98,375	47,600	50,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	48,365	24,385	23,975	49.2	51.2	47.2
Married	35,140	17,715	17,425	35.7	37.2	34.3
Living common-law	13,225	6,670	6,555	13.4	14.0	12.9
Living common law - Never married	11,035	5,515	5,515	11.2	11.6	10.9
Living common law - Separated	170	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	1,875	985	895	1.9	2.1	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	50,005	23,210	26,795	50.8	48.8	52.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,510	18,270	16,245	35.1	38.4	32.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,170	985	1,185	2.2	2.1	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,785	2,935	4,850	7.9	6.2	9.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,540	1,020	4,525	5.6	2.1	8.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,525	...	...	47.1	...	...
3 persons	6,295	...	...	21.9	...	...
4 persons	5,875	...	...	20.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,025	...	...	10.5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,880	...	...	79.7	...	...
Married couples	16,300	...	...	56.7	...	...
With children⁶	10,305	...	...	35.9	...	...
Without children	5,995	...	...	20.9	...	...
Common-law couples	6,585	...	...	22.9	...	...
With children⁶	2,825	...	...	9.8	...	...
Without children	3,760	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,840	...	...	20.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,670	...	...	16.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,175	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	113,790	55,780	58,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	85,605	41,910	43,700	75.2	75.1	75.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,760	22,940	22,825	40.2	41.1	39.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,845	1,175	4,665	5.1	2.1	8.0
Children⁶	34,005	17,795	16,210	29.9	31.9	27.9
In a two-parent family	25,355	13,255	12,105	22.3	23.8	20.9
In a one-parent family	8,650	4,540	4,105	7.6	8.1	7.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	28,180	13,875	14,310	24.8	24.9	24.7
Living alone	21,770	10,335	11,435	19.1	18.5	19.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,770	1,255	1,520	2.4	2.2	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	3,640	2,285	1,350	3.2	4.1	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	52,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,655	...	...	51.0	...	...
Couple-family households	21,550	...	...	41.2	...	...
With children⁶	12,360	...	...	23.7	...	...
Without children	9,185	...	...	17.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,100	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	750	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	780	...	...	1.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,190	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	21,775	...	...	41.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,090	45,685	48,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,650	44,015	46,635	96.3	96.3	96.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	38,800	36,400	37,600	38,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,670	44,025	46,645	96.4	96.4	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,800	33,200	34,000	34,800	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,600	39,245	40,355	84.6	85.9	83.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	34,800	27,000	30,600	34,800	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,580	33,440	31,150	68.6	73.2	64.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	29,800	32,800	35,200	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,865	35,675	41,185	81.7	78.1	85.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,100	9,600	12,400	11,100	9,600	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,515	4,815	4,700	10.1	10.5	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,760	5,480	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,515	15,620	13,895	31.4	34.2	28.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,075	45,675	48,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,635	44,055	46,580	96.3	96.5	96.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,200	54,950	45,720	50,200	54,950	45,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,645	44,055	46,595	96.4	96.5	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,880	43,600	38,360	40,880	43,600	38,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,400	39,120	40,280	84.4	85.6	83.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,520	51,950	39,240	45,520	51,950	39,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,565	33,255	31,315	68.6	72.8	64.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,640	51,800	41,120	46,640	51,800	41,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,760	35,690	41,070	81.6	78.1	84.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,210	10,880	13,360	12,210	10,880	13,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,810	4,870	4,940	10.4	10.7	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,790	5,710	7,860	6,790	5,710	7,860
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,595	15,705	13,890	31.5	34.4	28.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,960	9,030	8,880	8,960	9,030	8,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,075	45,670	48,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,205	15,760	13,440	31.0	34.5	27.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	62,800	57,600	60,000	62,800	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,500	81,100	66,800	74,500	81,100	66,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,890	13,775	14,115	29.6	30.2	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,800	16,400	15,300	15,800	16,400	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,080	28,200	24,060	26,080	28,200	24,060
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	84.0	74.2	79.4	84.0	74.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.2	71.2	60.5	66.2	71.2	60.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.6	16.0	25.8	20.6	16.0	25.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.8	1.5	1.2	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.6	6.4	6.8	6.6	6.4	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.8	5.9	5.8	5.8	5.9	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,090	45,680	48,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,440	1,665	1,775	3.7	3.6	3.7
With total income	90,655	44,015	46,635	96.3	96.4	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,565	3,630	3,935	8.3	8.2	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	11,825	5,570	6,255	13.0	12.7	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	16,485	7,555	8,925	18.2	17.2	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	12,330	5,845	6,480	13.6	13.3	13.9
$40,000 to $49,999	10,485	4,995	5,495	11.6	11.3	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	7,960	3,650	4,315	8.8	8.3	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,835	2,770	3,065	6.4	6.3	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,210	2,135	2,070	4.6	4.9	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,420	1,725	1,695	3.8	3.9	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,465	1,265	1,200	2.7	2.9	2.6
$100,000 and over	8,065	4,875	3,190	8.9	11.1	6.8
$100,000 to $149,999	5,190	2,975	2,215	5.7	6.8	4.7
$150,000 and over	2,880	1,905	970	3.2	4.3	2.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,090	45,680	48,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,420	1,655	1,765	3.6	3.6	3.6
With after-tax income	90,670	44,025	46,645	96.4	96.4	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,895	3,760	4,135	8.7	8.5	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	12,355	5,850	6,500	13.6	13.3	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	19,230	9,020	10,205	21.2	20.5	21.9
$30,000 to $39,999	14,835	7,155	7,680	16.4	16.3	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,855	5,535	6,325	13.1	12.6	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	7,990	3,745	4,245	8.8	8.5	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,410	2,690	2,725	6.0	6.1	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,645	1,825	1,815	4.0	4.1	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,315	1,275	1,045	2.6	2.9	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,470	825	640	1.6	1.9	1.4
$100,000 and over	3,680	2,335	1,340	4.1	5.3	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,795	1,065	730	2.0	2.4	1.6
$125,000 and over	1,880	1,275	610	2.1	2.9	1.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,090	45,680	48,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,505	12,240	17,265	31.4	26.8	35.7
With employment income	64,585	33,435	31,145	68.6	73.2	64.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,365	4,630	4,735	14.5	13.8	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	6,290	3,020	3,265	9.7	9.0	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,280	4,065	4,210	12.8	12.2	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,715	3,330	3,385	10.4	10.0	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,120	3,250	2,875	9.5	9.7	9.2
$40,000 to $49,999	5,770	2,960	2,805	8.9	8.9	9.0
$50,000 to $59,999	4,620	2,340	2,280	7.2	7.0	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,660	1,945	1,720	5.7	5.8	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,900	1,545	1,355	4.5	4.6	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,750	1,390	1,360	4.3	4.2	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,865	1,045	820	2.9	3.1	2.6
$100,000 and over	6,260	3,925	2,335	9.7	11.7	7.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,740	1,645	1,090	4.2	4.9	3.5
$125,000 and over	3,525	2,280	1,240	5.5	6.8	4.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,090	45,685	48,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,055	42,640	45,415	93.6	93.3	93.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	35,600	32,000	34,000	35,600	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,075	42,645	45,430	93.6	93.3	93.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	32,000	29,600	30,800	32,000	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,555	38,275	39,280	82.4	83.8	81.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,200	28,000	31,600	35,200	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,275	32,740	30,535	67.2	71.7	63.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	30,600	33,200	35,600	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,130	31,965	38,170	74.5	70.0	78.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	3,100	8,400	5,240	3,100	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,640	3,275	3,365	7.1	7.2	7.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	4,520	5,880	5,120	4,520	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,075	45,675	48,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,085	42,720	45,365	93.6	93.5	93.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,160	52,200	42,400	47,160	52,200	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,095	42,720	45,375	93.6	93.5	93.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,160	41,040	35,480	38,160	41,040	35,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,315	38,175	39,140	82.2	83.6	80.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,920	52,600	39,360	45,920	52,600	39,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,175	32,585	30,595	67.2	71.3	63.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,680	52,100	40,920	46,680	52,100	40,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,390	32,125	38,270	74.8	70.3	79.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,590	6,900	10,020	8,590	6,900	10,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,945	3,400	3,545	7.4	7.4	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,640	6,095	9,130	7,640	6,095	9,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,075	45,670	48,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,905	15,605	13,295	30.7	34.2	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	57,200	52,400	55,200	57,200	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,600	75,900	59,950	68,600	75,900	59,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,255	12,495	12,760	26.8	27.4	26.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	21,600	19,600	20,600	21,600	19,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,080	34,120	28,120	31,080	34,120	28,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	90.0	80.0	85.4	90.0	80.0
Employment income (%)	71.0	76.0	65.0	71.0	76.0	65.0
Government transfers (%)	14.6	9.9	19.9	14.6	9.9	19.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.9	1.7	1.3	0.9	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	52,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	21,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	52,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,100	...	...	87,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,900	...	...	70,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	21,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,440	...	...	45,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,920	...	...	37,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,800	...	...	116,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	52,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	715	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	575	...	...	1.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,115	...	...	2.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,540	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,365	...	...	6.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,505	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,455	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,495	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,530	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,405	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,445	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,000	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,515	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,135	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,685	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,795	...	...	28.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,735	...	...	9.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,075	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,440	...	...	6.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,550	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	52,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	810	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	580	...	...	1.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,135	...	...	2.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,610	...	...	3.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,720	...	...	7.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,085	...	...	5.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,930	...	...	5.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,090	...	...	5.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,040	...	...	5.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,775	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,845	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,315	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,810	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,150	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,515	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,845	...	...	20.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,350	...	...	8.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,575	...	...	4.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,925	...	...	7.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25,410	12,620	12,790	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,000	35,600	36,000	36,000	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	32,000	32,400	32,400	32,000	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,300	...	...	118,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...	95,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...	86,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,800	...	...	143,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,300	...	...	115,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,100	...	...	68,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	25,300	12,470	12,830	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,840	44,000	43,720	43,840	44,000	43,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,720	36,640	36,800	36,720	36,640	36,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	113,790	55,785	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,030	11,800	11,230	20.2	21.2	19.4
0 to 5 years	7,950	4,055	3,895	7.0	7.3	6.7
18 to 64 years	71,430	35,645	35,780	62.8	63.9	61.7
65 years and over	19,330	8,335	11,000	17.0	14.9	19.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	18,750	9,065	9,685	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,500	1,760	1,735	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,350	680	665	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	10,720	5,585	5,135	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,535	1,720	2,820	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.5	16.2	16.7	16.5	16.2	16.7
0 to 17 years (%)	15.2	14.9	15.5	15.2	14.9	15.5
0 to 5 years (%)	17.0	16.8	17.1	17.0	16.8	17.1
18 to 64 years (%)	15.0	15.7	14.4	15.0	15.7	14.4
65 years and over (%)	23.5	20.6	25.6	23.5	20.6	25.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	113,790	55,780	58,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,030	11,800	11,230	20.2	21.2	19.4
0 to 5 years	7,945	4,055	3,890	7.0	7.3	6.7
18 to 64 years	71,430	35,650	35,780	62.8	63.9	61.7
65 years and over	19,325	8,335	10,995	17.0	14.9	19.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,290	5,725	5,570	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,905	965	935	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	710	360	345	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,360	3,990	3,375	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,025	770	1,260	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.9	10.3	9.6	9.9	10.3	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.2	8.4	8.3	8.2	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.9	8.9	9.0	8.9	8.9	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	11.2	9.4	10.3	11.2	9.4
65 years and over (%)	10.5	9.2	11.4	10.5	9.2	11.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	113,785	55,785	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	70,860	34,385	36,475	62.3	61.6	62.9
In bottom decile	16,335	8,080	8,260	14.4	14.5	14.2
In second decile	14,555	6,930	7,625	12.8	12.4	13.1
In third decile	15,215	7,460	7,760	13.4	13.4	13.4
In fourth decile	13,295	6,430	6,865	11.7	11.5	11.8
In fifth decile	11,455	5,490	5,965	10.1	9.8	10.3
In top half of the distribution	42,930	21,395	21,530	37.7	38.4	37.1
In sixth decile	9,735	4,710	5,025	8.6	8.4	8.7
In seventh decile	8,725	4,340	4,385	7.7	7.8	7.6
In eighth decile	8,280	4,100	4,185	7.3	7.3	7.2
In ninth decile	8,135	4,130	4,005	7.1	7.4	6.9
In top decile	8,050	4,110	3,940	7.1	7.4	6.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	113,790	...	...	113,790	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.371	...	...	0.371	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.511	...	...	0.511	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.314	...	...	0.314	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	115,600	56,425	59,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	9,625	4,990	4,635	8.3	8.8	7.8
French only	34,860	15,600	19,260	30.2	27.6	32.6
English and French	67,805	34,520	33,290	58.7	61.2	56.3
Neither English nor French	3,305	1,315	1,990	2.9	2.3	3.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	115,600	56,425	59,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	20,410	10,410	10,000	17.7	18.4	16.9
French	79,475	38,265	41,210	68.8	67.8	69.6
English and French	12,490	6,485	6,010	10.8	11.5	10.2
Neither English nor French	3,215	1,265	1,955	2.8	2.2	3.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	115,600	56,425	59,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,810	51,985	54,830	92.4	92.1	92.7
Official languages	62,890	30,585	32,305	54.4	54.2	54.6
English	6,935	3,615	3,315	6.0	6.4	5.6
French	55,955	26,970	28,990	48.4	47.8	49.0
Non-official languages	43,920	21,400	22,525	38.0	37.9	38.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	43,900	21,390	22,510	38.0	37.9	38.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	14,740	7,660	7,080	12.8	13.6	12.0
Berber languages	1,240	690	555	1.1	1.2	0.9
Kabyle	1,160	640	520	1.0	1.1	0.9
Tamazight	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hausa	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	13,335	6,890	6,440	11.5	12.2	10.9
Amharic	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	13,230	6,845	6,385	11.4	12.1	10.8
Aramaic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,535	710	825	1.3	1.3	1.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	305	130	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	1,225	585	645	1.1	1.0	1.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	275	105	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	55	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	2,090	1,000	1,090	1.8	1.8	1.8
Haitian Creole	1,555	720	830	1.3	1.3	1.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	455	240	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,120	540	585	1.0	1.0	1.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	850	400	445	0.7	0.7	0.8
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20,260	9,520	10,745	17.5	16.9	18.2
Albanian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	2,430	1,145	1,285	2.1	2.0	2.2
Balto-Slavic languages	1,125	475	645	1.0	0.8	1.1
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,110	470	640	1.0	0.8	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Czech	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	175	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	495	200	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	170	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	3,100	1,365	1,740	2.7	2.4	2.9
Indo-Iranian languages	3,570	1,840	1,725	3.1	3.3	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	3,020	1,575	1,445	2.6	2.8	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	515	275	245	0.4	0.5	0.4
Gujarati	415	200	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	965	500	465	0.8	0.9	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	895	475	425	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	550	270	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	170	85	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,730	4,560	5,175	8.4	8.1	8.7
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,455	1,525	1,930	3.0	2.7	3.3
Portuguese	945	450	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	900	410	490	0.8	0.7	0.8
Spanish	4,415	2,165	2,250	3.8	3.8	3.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,635	825	810	1.4	1.5	1.4
Akan (Twi)	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ga	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	305	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,605	730	875	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese languages	1,605	730	875	1.4	1.3	1.5
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	645	295	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	785	345	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	260	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,785	4,440	4,345	7.6	7.9	7.3
English and French	1,700	870	830	1.5	1.5	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,530	755	770	1.3	1.3	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	4,040	2,050	1,985	3.5	3.6	3.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,135	565	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	380	195	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	115,600	56,425	59,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,430	3,835	3,590	6.4	6.8	6.1
French	53,025	25,590	27,430	45.9	45.4	46.4
Non-official language	14,440	6,790	7,655	12.5	12.0	12.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	14,435	6,785	7,650	12.5	12.0	12.9
English and French	7,095	3,680	3,415	6.1	6.5	5.8
English and non-official language(s)	6,485	3,250	3,235	5.6	5.8	5.5
French and non-official language(s)	15,340	7,345	7,990	13.3	13.0	13.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10,880	5,510	5,375	9.4	9.8	9.1
Multiple non-official languages	910	425	485	0.8	0.8	0.8
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	115,600	56,425	59,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	104,140	50,715	53,420	90.1	89.9	90.3
Official languages	77,905	38,140	39,760	67.4	67.6	67.2
English	12,850	6,540	6,310	11.1	11.6	10.7
French	65,055	31,605	33,450	56.3	56.0	56.5
Non-official languages	26,235	12,570	13,660	22.7	22.3	23.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,230	12,575	13,660	22.7	22.3	23.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,590	4,365	4,220	7.4	7.7	7.1
Berber languages	595	325	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kabyle	565	310	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Tamazight	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	7,920	3,995	3,925	6.9	7.1	6.6
Amharic	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	7,845	3,960	3,885	6.8	7.0	6.6
Aramaic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,140	515	625	1.0	0.9	1.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	205	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	935	435	500	0.8	0.8	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	935	435	505	0.8	0.8	0.9
Haitian Creole	695	305	395	0.6	0.5	0.7
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	200	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	930	455	480	0.8	0.8	0.8
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	705	330	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,435	5,760	6,670	10.8	10.2	11.3
Albanian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	2,035	930	1,105	1.8	1.6	1.9
Balto-Slavic languages	645	295	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	645	295	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	350	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,730	715	1,015	1.5	1.3	1.7
Indo-Iranian languages	2,655	1,385	1,275	2.3	2.5	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages	2,300	1,210	1,090	2.0	2.1	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	820	445	375	0.7	0.8	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	650	335	320	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	355	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dari	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,275	2,385	2,885	4.6	4.2	4.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,415	535	880	1.2	0.9	1.5
Portuguese	465	215	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	550	250	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	2,840	1,385	1,455	2.5	2.5	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	575	270	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,155	535	620	1.0	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	1,155	535	620	1.0	0.9	1.0
Hakka	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	515	255	260	0.4	0.5	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	540	230	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	11,455	5,705	5,755	9.9	10.1	9.7
English and French	2,580	1,345	1,235	2.2	2.4	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,010	995	1,015	1.7	1.8	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	5,005	2,450	2,555	4.3	4.3	4.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,775	875	900	1.5	1.6	1.5
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	115,595	56,425	59,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	83,305	40,425	42,885	72.1	71.6	72.5
English	7,010	3,600	3,410	6.1	6.4	5.8
French	7,255	3,460	3,800	6.3	6.1	6.4
Non-official language	9,795	4,730	5,060	8.5	8.4	8.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	9,790	4,730	5,060	8.5	8.4	8.6
English and French	2,440	1,255	1,180	2.1	2.2	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,820	1,450	1,365	2.4	2.6	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	1,830	925	910	1.6	1.6	1.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	405	215	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	735	365	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	113,845	55,785	58,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	110,540	54,390	56,150	97.1	97.5	96.7
English	76,315	38,895	37,415	67.0	69.7	64.4
French	101,260	49,420	51,840	88.9	88.6	89.3
Non-official languages	63,355	31,190	32,165	55.7	55.9	55.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	63,340	31,190	32,150	55.6	55.9	55.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	22,530	11,715	10,815	19.8	21.0	18.6
Berber languages	2,155	1,185	975	1.9	2.1	1.7
Kabyle	1,895	1,040	860	1.7	1.9	1.5
Tamazight	195	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chadic languages	185	130	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hausa	75	70	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mina	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	21,430	11,080	10,350	18.8	19.9	17.8
Amharic	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arabic	21,350	11,040	10,310	18.8	19.8	17.8
Aramaic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,290	1,060	1,235	2.0	1.9	2.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	590	260	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Vietnamese	1,750	830	920	1.5	1.5	1.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	425	165	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Merina	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	315	105	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	4,135	1,925	2,215	3.6	3.5	3.8
Haitian Creole	3,720	1,725	1,995	3.3	3.1	3.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	535	265	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	1,495	685	820	1.3	1.2	1.4
Kannada	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	355	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	1,180	520	660	1.0	0.9	1.1
Telugu	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30,075	14,560	15,520	26.4	26.1	26.7
Albanian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	3,055	1,405	1,650	2.7	2.5	2.8
Balto-Slavic languages	1,910	875	1,030	1.7	1.6	1.8
Baltic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,890	875	1,015	1.7	1.6	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	230	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	200	75	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	1,210	585	630	1.1	1.0	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	210	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	50	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	915	495	415	0.8	0.9	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	805	455	350	0.7	0.8	0.6
German	800	450	350	0.7	0.8	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	4,260	2,015	2,240	3.7	3.6	3.9
Indo-Iranian languages	4,905	2,585	2,315	4.3	4.6	4.0
Indo-Aryan languages	4,230	2,265	1,970	3.7	4.1	3.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	540	280	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gujarati	570	250	320	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hindi	1,335	715	625	1.2	1.3	1.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,420	790	630	1.2	1.4	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	1,555	860	690	1.4	1.5	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	830	405	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian languages	405	180	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Dari	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	240	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	16,585	7,930	8,660	14.6	14.2	14.9
Catalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5,315	2,570	2,745	4.7	4.6	4.7
Portuguese	1,520	815	710	1.3	1.5	1.2
Romanian	1,150	555	595	1.0	1.0	1.0
Spanish	9,870	4,595	5,275	8.7	8.2	9.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	145	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,525	1,850	1,670	3.1	3.3	2.9
Akan (Twi)	250	155	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bamanankan	220	80	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	180	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	275	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ga	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	735	365	370	0.6	0.7	0.6
Luba-Kasai	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mòoré	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	190	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Shona	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	395	205	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Wojenaka	155	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wolof	380	195	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yoruba	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	910	515	390	0.8	0.9	0.7
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,895	865	1,035	1.7	1.6	1.8
Chinese languages	1,895	865	1,035	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	985	455	530	0.9	0.8	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	995	420	565	0.9	0.8	1.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Thai	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	885	480	410	0.8	0.9	0.7
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	860	455	405	0.8	0.8	0.7
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,845	55,785	58,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	560	230	335	0.5	0.4	0.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	495	200	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	300	130	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Métis	170	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	113,280	55,555	57,730	99.5	99.6	99.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,845	55,785	58,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	113,680	55,710	57,970	99.9	99.9	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	52,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	20,430	...	...	39.1	...	...
Renter	31,830	...	...	60.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	52,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	10,730	...	...	20.5	...	...
Not condominium	41,540	...	...	79.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	52,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	1,125	...	...	2.2	...	...
1 bedroom	16,845	...	...	32.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,715	...	...	32.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,550	...	...	24.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,035	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	52,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	30,050	...	...	57.5	...	...
5 rooms	8,540	...	...	16.3	...	...
6 rooms	3,900	...	...	7.5	...	...
7 rooms	3,415	...	...	6.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,360	...	...	12.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	52,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,865	...	...	95.4	...	...
More than one person per room	2,405	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	52,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,690	...	...	89.3	...	...
Not suitable	5,575	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	52,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	17,985	...	...	34.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,815	...	...	32.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,805	...	...	14.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,165	...	...	6.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,515	...	...	2.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,670	...	...	3.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,840	...	...	3.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,470	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	52,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,460	...	...	92.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,810	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	52,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	32,190	...	...	61.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,415	...	...	35.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,660	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	52,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,545	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,845	...	...	15.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,025	...	...	19.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,565	...	...	18.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,465	...	...	18.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,325	...	...	14.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,375	...	...	8.4	...	...
85 years and over	2,130	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	51,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	41,060	...	...	79.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,935	...	...	21.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,970	...	...	19.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	52,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,280	...	...	35.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,355	...	...	17.9	...	...
Not suitable only	4,430	...	...	8.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,515	...	...	4.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	685	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	830	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	400	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,985	...	...	65.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,665	...	...	11.1	...	...
Not in core need	45,365	...	...	88.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,435	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.2	...	...	57.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.7	...	...	15.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	...	...	1,260	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,492	...	...	1,492	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	584,000	...	...	584,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	610,500	...	...	610,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,835	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.5	...	...	24.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.0	...	...	16.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	864	...	...	864	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	113,850	55,785	58,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	385	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	385	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	350	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis single ancestry	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,310	600	715	1.2	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,305	600	705	1.1	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,205	565	635	1.1	1.0	1.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	112,150	55,010	57,145	98.5	98.6	98.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	113,845	55,785	58,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	95,835	46,575	49,265	84.2	83.5	84.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,120	10,285	9,840	17.7	18.4	16.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	75,715	36,295	39,425	66.5	65.1	67.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	18,010	9,210	8,800	15.8	16.5	15.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	113,845	55,785	58,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	63,680	30,720	32,955	55.9	55.1	56.8
Immigrants⁸¹	44,195	21,825	22,375	38.8	39.1	38.5
Before 1980	6,730	3,140	3,595	5.9	5.6	6.2
1980 to 1990	4,695	2,470	2,225	4.1	4.4	3.8
1991 to 2000	7,025	3,340	3,685	6.2	6.0	6.3
2001 to 2010	10,145	5,065	5,080	8.9	9.1	8.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	15,600	7,810	7,785	13.7	14.0	13.4
2011 to 2015	6,850	3,410	3,440	6.0	6.1	5.9
2016 to 2021	8,745	4,400	4,350	7.7	7.9	7.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,975	3,240	2,730	5.2	5.8	4.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	44,200	21,825	22,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,540	1,815	1,730	8.0	8.3	7.7
5 to 14 years	6,520	3,315	3,205	14.8	15.2	14.3
15 to 24 years	7,935	3,490	4,440	18.0	16.0	19.8
25 to 44 years	22,625	11,560	11,070	51.2	53.0	49.5
45 years and over	3,570	1,645	1,925	8.1	7.5	8.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	44,200	21,825	22,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	6,840	3,285	3,550	15.5	15.1	15.9
Brazil	150	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	355	165	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
El Salvador	510	245	270	1.2	1.1	1.2
Guyana	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haiti	2,825	1,355	1,475	6.4	6.2	6.6
Jamaica	80	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mexico	445	200	250	1.0	0.9	1.1
Peru	380	170	215	0.9	0.8	1.0
Trinidad and Tobago	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United States of America	355	190	165	0.8	0.9	0.7
Other places of birth in Americas	1,610	800	810	3.6	3.7	3.6
Europe	7,875	3,605	4,275	17.8	16.5	19.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	1,560	730	830	3.5	3.3	3.7
Germany	80	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Greece	1,705	745	960	3.9	3.4	4.3
Hungary	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italy	1,720	805	910	3.9	3.7	4.1
Netherlands	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Poland	105	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Portugal	475	235	245	1.1	1.1	1.1
Romania	655	320	335	1.5	1.5	1.5
Russian Federation	175	70	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	150	35	115	0.3	0.2	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Europe	930	460	470	2.1	2.1	2.1
Africa	14,530	7,555	6,975	32.9	34.6	31.2
Algeria	4,010	2,125	1,890	9.1	9.7	8.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	610	290	320	1.4	1.3	1.4
Egypt	950	475	470	2.1	2.2	2.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	65	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Morocco	3,580	1,800	1,785	8.1	8.2	8.0
Nigeria	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somalia	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	5,230	2,785	2,445	11.8	12.8	10.9
Asia	14,930	7,365	7,570	33.8	33.7	33.8
Afghanistan	170	100	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	200	100	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iraq	235	110	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanon	2,915	1,535	1,385	6.6	7.0	6.2
Syria⁸⁹	3,940	1,970	1,975	8.9	9.0	8.8
Turkey	420	225	200	1.0	1.0	0.9
China⁹⁰	770	330	435	1.7	1.5	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	100	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	285	100	185	0.6	0.5	0.8
Viet Nam	1,245	585	665	2.8	2.7	3.0
Bangladesh	330	170	160	0.7	0.8	0.7
India	1,085	520	560	2.5	2.4	2.5
Pakistan	860	465	395	1.9	2.1	1.8
Sri Lanka	685	335	345	1.5	1.5	1.5
Other places of birth in Asia	1,660	740	920	3.8	3.4	4.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	8,750	4,395	4,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	755	380	375	8.6	8.6	8.6
Brazil	45	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.7
Colombia	65	25	45	0.7	0.6	1.0
Haiti	325	190	140	3.7	4.3	3.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	75	25	50	0.9	0.6	1.1
United States of America	65	45	15	0.7	1.0	0.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.5
Other places of birth in Americas	160	80	75	1.8	1.8	1.7
Europe	510	250	260	5.8	5.7	6.0
France	175	85	90	2.0	1.9	2.1
Germany	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	30	10	0.3	0.7	0.2
Russian Federation	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.5
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Europe	225	110	110	2.6	2.5	2.5
Africa	3,705	1,850	1,860	42.3	42.1	42.8
Algeria	825	405	420	9.4	9.2	9.7
Burundi	90	50	40	1.0	1.1	0.9
Cameroon	575	300	270	6.6	6.8	6.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	185	65	115	2.1	1.5	2.6
Côte d'Ivoire	235	115	115	2.7	2.6	2.6
Egypt	95	60	35	1.1	1.4	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Morocco	635	285	355	7.3	6.5	8.2
Nigeria	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	255	125	125	2.9	2.8	2.9
Other places of birth in Africa	755	410	345	8.6	9.3	7.9
Asia	3,775	1,915	1,855	43.1	43.6	42.6
Afghanistan	55	35	20	0.6	0.8	0.5
Bangladesh	40	15	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
China⁹⁰	65	20	50	0.7	0.5	1.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	570	255	310	6.5	5.8	7.1
Iran⁸⁸	55	15	40	0.6	0.3	0.9
Iraq	50	25	20	0.6	0.6	0.5
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Lebanon	285	165	120	3.3	3.8	2.8
Nepal	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	85	30	55	1.0	0.7	1.3
Philippines	75	25	50	0.9	0.6	1.1
Saudi Arabia	140	90	50	1.6	2.0	1.1
Sri Lanka	50	20	30	0.6	0.5	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	1,850	990	860	21.1	22.5	19.8
Turkey	25	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
United Arab Emirates	115	65	50	1.3	1.5	1.1
Viet Nam	115	50	65	1.3	1.1	1.5
Other places of birth in Asia	135	70	70	1.5	1.6	1.6
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	113,845	55,785	58,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	51,360	25,585	25,765	45.1	45.9	44.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	24,115	12,150	11,965	21.2	21.8	20.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	38,375	18,050	20,325	33.7	32.4	35.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	37,465	18,685	18,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	18,500	9,970	8,530	49.4	53.4	45.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	9,485	6,180	3,305	25.3	33.1	17.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	9,015	3,795	5,225	24.1	20.3	27.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	9,750	3,770	5,975	26.0	20.2	31.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	8,615	4,620	4,000	23.0	24.7	21.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	600	330	275	1.6	1.8	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	37,465	18,685	18,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	3,955	2,210	1,740	10.6	11.8	9.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,330	1,230	1,105	6.2	6.6	5.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	605	350	265	1.6	1.9	1.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,330	815	520	3.5	4.4	2.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	255	105	145	0.7	0.6	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	28,985	13,975	15,005	77.4	74.8	79.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	113,845	55,785	58,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	48,120	24,255	23,860	42.3	43.5	41.1
South Asian	6,030	3,150	2,875	5.3	5.6	5.0
Chinese	1,910	840	1,075	1.7	1.5	1.9
Black	14,165	7,110	7,060	12.4	12.7	12.2
Filipino	470	200	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Arab	16,305	8,435	7,865	14.3	15.1	13.5
Latin American	4,385	2,185	2,200	3.9	3.9	3.8
Southeast Asian	2,460	1,170	1,290	2.2	2.1	2.2
West Asian	775	395	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Korean	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	360	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	1,085	530	560	1.0	1.0	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	65,725	31,530	34,200	57.7	56.5	58.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	113,845	55,785	58,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,545	6,255	7,295	11.9	11.2	12.6
English	1,275	635	645	1.1	1.1	1.1
Irish	3,105	1,445	1,665	2.7	2.6	2.9
Scottish	1,415	700	715	1.2	1.3	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	19,110	9,235	9,875	16.8	16.6	17.0
German	1,200	545	650	1.1	1.0	1.1
Chinese	2,315	1,040	1,275	2.0	1.9	2.2
Italian	7,070	3,425	3,645	6.2	6.1	6.3
Indian (India)	2,150	1,085	1,070	1.9	1.9	1.8
Ukrainian	440	190	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Dutch	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Polish	625	280	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
Québécois	5,860	2,880	2,980	5.1	5.2	5.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	280	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Filipino	350	130	215	0.3	0.2	0.4
French Canadian	4,120	1,905	2,220	3.6	3.4	3.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	910	435	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	945	420	525	0.8	0.8	0.9
Métis	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,080	535	545	0.9	1.0	0.9
Russian	635	285	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Norwegian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Welsh	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	1,245	610	630	1.1	1.1	1.1
American	485	215	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	1,340	690	655	1.2	1.2	1.1
Swedish	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	785	335	450	0.7	0.6	0.8
Pakistani	1,430	780	650	1.3	1.4	1.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,645	1,360	1,290	2.3	2.4	2.2
Jewish	180	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	370	220	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Vietnamese	1,790	855	940	1.6	1.5	1.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	6,100	3,185	2,915	5.4	5.7	5.0
Greek	4,585	2,165	2,420	4.0	3.9	4.2
Jamaican	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	370	150	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	925	435	495	0.8	0.8	0.9
Lebanese	3,915	2,045	1,875	3.4	3.7	3.2
Iranian	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,500	800	700	1.3	1.4	1.2
Danish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	685	340	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	4,255	1,990	2,260	3.7	3.6	3.9
Hindu	365	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexican	730	350	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	690	320	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Croatian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	885	480	400	0.8	0.9	0.7
Egyptian	1,085	575	510	1.0	1.0	0.9
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	795	395	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Tamil	440	180	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	3,575	1,795	1,785	3.1	3.2	3.1
Czech	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	3,830	1,955	1,870	3.4	3.5	3.2
Guyanese	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	285	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	550	330	225	0.5	0.6	0.4
Serbian	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	630	330	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	385	190	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algerian	3,740	1,925	1,815	3.3	3.5	3.1
Brazilian	210	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	3,395	1,595	1,800	3.0	2.9	3.1
Slovak	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	640	270	370	0.6	0.5	0.6
African Caribbean	300	130	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	270	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Algonquin	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	485	250	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chilean	365	210	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Congolese	845	440	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Nova Scotian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	410	215	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Yoruba	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	740	365	375	0.7	0.7	0.6
Berber	1,780	1,005	775	1.6	1.8	1.3
Albanian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	160	110	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Barbadian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	1,140	635	505	1.0	1.1	0.9
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	205	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroonian	850	445	405	0.7	0.8	0.7
Guatemalan	255	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	190	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	170	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	1,025	570	450	0.9	1.0	0.8
Assyrian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Igbo	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldovan	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	385	195	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Huron (Wendat)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	380	150	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	220	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordanian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	45	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Honduran	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	120	85	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	280	155	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Libyan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	370	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	205	130	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	113,850	55,785	58,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,725	770	955	1.5	1.4	1.6
Christian	59,865	27,630	32,235	52.6	49.5	55.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,945	3,875	4,070	7.0	6.9	7.0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baptist	615	225	390	0.5	0.4	0.7
Catholic	38,820	17,740	21,080	34.1	31.8	36.3
Christian Orthodox	8,540	4,050	4,490	7.5	7.3	7.7
Jehovah's Witness	270	105	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	890	400	490	0.8	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,145	940	1,210	1.9	1.7	2.1
Hindu	2,260	1,065	1,195	2.0	1.9	2.1
Jewish	225	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	21,620	11,400	10,220	19.0	20.4	17.6
Sikh	805	440	370	0.7	0.8	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	450	270	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	26,890	14,095	12,795	23.6	25.3	22.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	112,565	55,090	57,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	100,280	48,960	51,325	89.1	88.9	89.3
Movers	12,285	6,135	6,150	10.9	11.1	10.7
Non-migrants	9,250	4,555	4,695	8.2	8.3	8.2
Migrants	3,040	1,575	1,460	2.7	2.9	2.5
Internal migrants	1,580	815	770	1.4	1.5	1.3
Intraprovincial migrants	1,345	680	660	1.2	1.2	1.1
Interprovincial migrants	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	1,455	765	685	1.3	1.4	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	107,300	52,360	54,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,075	29,940	32,140	57.9	57.2	58.5
Movers	45,215	22,420	22,800	42.1	42.8	41.5
Non-migrants	26,010	12,800	13,205	24.2	24.4	24.0
Migrants	19,210	9,625	9,595	17.9	18.4	17.5
Internal migrants	7,590	3,705	3,885	7.1	7.1	7.1
Intraprovincial migrants	6,810	3,335	3,475	6.3	6.4	6.3
Interprovincial migrants	780	370	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
External migrants	11,620	5,915	5,705	10.8	11.3	10.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,075	45,670	48,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,560	8,040	8,520	17.6	17.6	17.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,515	37,635	39,880	82.4	82.4	82.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,185	31,110	31,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,280	3,990	3,290	11.7	12.8	10.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,900	27,115	27,790	88.3	87.2	89.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,075	45,670	48,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,875	7,110	7,765	15.8	15.6	16.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,080	8,495	8,585	18.2	18.6	17.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,120	30,065	32,055	66.0	65.8	66.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,295	13,285	14,005	29.0	29.1	28.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,790	4,295	3,500	8.3	9.4	7.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,660	2,875	2,785	6.0	6.3	5.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,130	1,420	710	2.3	3.1	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,905	6,920	7,990	15.8	15.2	16.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,595	2,075	2,520	4.9	4.5	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,825	16,780	18,045	37.0	36.7	37.3
Bachelor's degree	20,135	9,525	10,610	21.4	20.9	21.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,775	1,810	1,965	4.0	4.0	4.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,020	475	545	1.1	1.0	1.1
Master's degree	8,475	4,160	4,315	9.0	9.1	8.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,420	810	610	1.5	1.8	1.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,180	31,105	31,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,145	3,405	2,740	9.9	10.9	8.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,430	4,525	3,905	13.6	14.5	12.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,610	23,175	24,435	76.6	74.5	78.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,155	9,600	9,560	30.8	30.9	30.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,825	3,180	2,645	9.4	10.2	8.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,290	2,150	2,140	6.9	6.9	6.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,535	1,030	505	2.5	3.3	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,940	4,835	5,105	16.0	15.5	16.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,395	1,585	1,805	5.5	5.1	5.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	28,455	13,580	14,875	45.8	43.7	47.9
Bachelor's degree	16,260	7,710	8,555	26.1	24.8	27.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,085	1,460	1,625	5.0	4.7	5.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	815	335	480	1.3	1.1	1.5
Master's degree	7,160	3,475	3,680	11.5	11.2	11.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,130	600	535	1.8	1.9	1.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,075	45,670	48,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,955	15,605	16,350	34.0	34.2	33.8
Education	3,780	895	2,890	4.0	2.0	6.0
13. Education	3,780	895	2,890	4.0	2.0	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,015	1,505	1,515	3.2	3.3	3.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	395	285	105	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,625	1,210	1,410	2.8	2.6	2.9
Humanities	4,375	1,655	2,720	4.7	3.6	5.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	840	220	620	0.9	0.5	1.3
23. English language and literature/letters	320	90	235	0.3	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,745	730	1,015	1.9	1.6	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	225	135	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	70	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	330	145	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	785	265	525	0.8	0.6	1.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,655	3,260	5,395	9.2	7.1	11.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	125	15	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,255	410	845	1.3	0.9	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,000	85	910	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,795	810	985	1.9	1.8	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	220	75	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,320	320	1,005	1.4	0.7	2.1
45. Social sciences	2,940	1,540	1,400	3.1	3.4	2.9
Business, management and public administration	14,800	6,585	8,220	15.7	14.4	17.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	780	170	615	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,000	6,410	7,590	14.9	14.0	15.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,385	1,685	1,700	3.6	3.7	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,305	555	750	1.4	1.2	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	525	250	270	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	445	170	275	0.5	0.4	0.6
40. Physical sciences	990	630	360	1.1	1.4	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,605	2,540	1,065	3.8	5.6	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,840	2,120	725	3.0	4.6	1.5
25. Library science	250	90	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	425	265	160	0.5	0.6	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	85	70	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,035	8,430	1,605	10.7	18.5	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	770	405	365	0.8	0.9	0.8
14. Engineering	4,630	3,735	890	4.9	8.2	1.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,675	1,465	215	1.8	3.2	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,170	1,130	40	1.2	2.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,175	1,120	45	1.2	2.5	0.1
48. Precision production	610	570	40	0.6	1.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	695	385	305	0.7	0.8	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	445	260	190	0.5	0.6	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	7,470	1,885	5,580	7.9	4.1	11.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450	225	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,640	1,485	5,155	7.1	3.3	10.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	370	180	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,300	1,240	1,055	2.4	2.7	2.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,415	480	935	1.5	1.1	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	425	365	60	0.5	0.8	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	440	375	65	0.5	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,185	31,105	31,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,575	7,930	6,645	23.4	25.5	21.4
Education	2,630	610	2,020	4.2	2.0	6.5
13. Education	2,630	610	2,020	4.2	2.0	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,305	1,140	1,160	3.7	3.7	3.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	295	195	95	0.5	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	2,005	950	1,065	3.2	3.1	3.4
Humanities	2,850	1,095	1,755	4.6	3.5	5.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	645	165	475	1.0	0.5	1.5
23. English language and literature/letters	245	85	165	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	955	415	540	1.5	1.3	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	105	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	220	85	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	540	190	350	0.9	0.6	1.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,550	2,390	4,165	10.5	7.7	13.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	90	0	90	0.1	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,050	330	715	1.7	1.1	2.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	780	70	710	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,315	555	755	2.1	1.8	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	995	245	750	1.6	0.8	2.4
45. Social sciences	2,190	1,125	1,070	3.5	3.6	3.4
Business, management and public administration	11,925	5,255	6,670	19.2	16.9	21.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	570	120	455	0.9	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,335	5,130	6,200	18.2	16.5	20.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,235	1,160	1,075	3.6	3.7	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,075	465	610	1.7	1.5	2.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	270	140	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	720	445	275	1.2	1.4	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,950	2,090	865	4.7	6.7	2.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,390	1,800	595	3.8	5.8	1.9
25. Library science	175	65	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	340	195	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,110	6,735	1,380	13.0	21.7	4.4
04. Architecture and related services	630	330	295	1.0	1.1	0.9
14. Engineering	3,975	3,175	810	6.4	10.2	2.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,305	1,150	155	2.1	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	875	835	40	1.4	2.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	900	850	45	1.4	2.7	0.1
48. Precision production	425	390	30	0.7	1.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	630	345	285	1.0	1.1	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	215	180	0.6	0.7	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	235	120	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Health and related fields	5,590	1,365	4,225	9.0	4.4	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	350	160	190	0.6	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,925	1,075	3,850	7.9	3.5	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	315	135	180	0.5	0.4	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,820	995	830	2.9	3.2	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,100	360	735	1.8	1.2	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	355	310	45	0.6	1.0	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	355	310	45	0.6	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	62,185	31,105	31,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,575	7,930	6,645	23.4	25.5	21.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	47,610	23,180	24,430	76.6	74.5	78.6
Location of study inside Canada	34,075	16,095	17,985	54.8	51.7	57.9
Same as province or territory of residence	33,235	15,690	17,545	53.4	50.4	56.5
Different than province or territory of residence	845	405	435	1.4	1.3	1.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	13,535	7,085	6,450	21.8	22.8	20.8
Americas	1,745	850	895	2.8	2.7	2.9
United States of America	350	180	165	0.6	0.6	0.5
Mexico	235	90	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
Cuba	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	385	220	165	0.6	0.7	0.5
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Americas	255	115	140	0.4	0.4	0.5
Europe	2,815	1,535	1,275	4.5	4.9	4.1
Belgium	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	1,440	815	620	2.3	2.6	2.0
Germany	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	165	100	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Poland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	305	165	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ukraine	95	45	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	170	95	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	230	120	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Africa	5,550	3,030	2,520	8.9	9.7	8.1
Nigeria	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Algeria	1,915	1,025	890	3.1	3.3	2.9
Morocco	1,225	650	575	2.0	2.1	1.9
Tunisia	530	295	235	0.9	0.9	0.8
Egypt	205	130	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	1,575	875	710	2.5	2.8	2.3
Asia	3,365	1,635	1,735	5.4	5.3	5.6
Iran⁸⁸	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	620	295	325	1.0	0.9	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	990	495	495	1.6	1.6	1.6
Turkey	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	215	90	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	140	30	110	0.2	0.1	0.4
Viet Nam	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sri Lanka	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	580	295	285	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistan	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	265	130	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Oceania	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,075	45,670	48,400	...	...	...
In the labour force	60,595	31,530	29,065	...	...	...
Employed	54,300	28,110	26,195	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,290	3,415	2,875	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,480	14,145	19,335	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.4	69.0	60.1	64.4	69.0	60.1
Employment rate	57.7	61.6	54.1	57.7	61.6	54.1
Unemployment rate	10.4	10.8	9.9	10.4	10.8	9.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,075	45,670	48,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,640	14,795	19,845	36.8	32.4	41.0
Worked	59,440	30,875	28,560	63.2	67.6	59.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,810	16,165	13,640	31.7	35.4	28.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,635	14,715	14,920	31.5	32.2	30.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	40.0	39.4	39.7	40.0	39.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	60,595	31,525	29,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,070	1,070	995	3.4	3.4	3.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	58,525	30,455	28,075	96.6	96.6	96.6
Employee	51,215	25,865	25,350	84.5	82.0	87.2
Permanent position	42,290	21,785	20,510	69.8	69.1	70.6
Temporary position	8,920	4,075	4,845	14.7	12.9	16.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,650	1,670	1,985	6.0	5.3	6.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,270	2,405	2,865	8.7	7.6	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,315	4,595	2,720	12.1	14.6	9.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	60,595	31,525	29,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,070	1,070	995	3.4	3.4	3.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	58,525	30,455	28,075	96.6	96.6	96.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	925	615	305	1.5	2.0	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,695	4,490	7,205	19.3	14.2	24.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,280	4,720	1,565	10.4	15.0	5.4
3 Health occupations	5,320	1,295	4,020	8.8	4.1	13.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,200	2,595	5,605	13.5	8.2	19.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,545	1,330	1,215	4.2	4.2	4.2
6 Sales and service occupations	14,265	7,580	6,685	23.5	24.0	23.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,290	5,805	485	10.4	18.4	1.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	255	195	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,760	1,830	935	4.6	5.8	3.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	60,595	31,525	29,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,070	1,070	995	3.4	3.4	3.4
All industries¹⁹¹	58,525	30,455	28,075	96.6	96.6	96.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	120	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	510	280	230	0.8	0.9	0.8
23 Construction	1,850	1,640	210	3.1	5.2	0.7
31-33 Manufacturing	5,385	3,670	1,720	8.9	11.6	5.9
41 Wholesale trade	2,325	1,440	880	3.8	4.6	3.0
44-45 Retail trade	6,540	3,290	3,250	10.8	10.4	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,475	2,810	665	5.7	8.9	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,925	1,185	740	3.2	3.8	2.5
52 Finance and insurance	2,745	1,415	1,335	4.5	4.5	4.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,210	705	510	2.0	2.2	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,070	3,525	2,550	10.0	11.2	8.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,815	1,850	975	4.6	5.9	3.4
61 Educational services	5,405	1,830	3,575	8.9	5.8	12.3
62 Health care and social assistance	8,980	2,135	6,840	14.8	6.8	23.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	930	445	480	1.5	1.4	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	2,995	1,640	1,360	4.9	5.2	4.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,260	1,085	1,180	3.7	3.4	4.1
91 Public administration	2,815	1,355	1,455	4.6	4.3	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,965	33,185	30,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,205	3,755	2,455	9.7	11.3	8.0
French	28,545	13,800	14,745	44.6	41.6	47.9
Non-official language	415	230	190	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	415	230	190	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	25,630	13,760	11,870	40.1	41.5	38.6
English and non-official language(s)	575	350	225	0.9	1.1	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	655	300	355	1.0	0.9	1.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,905	970	935	3.0	2.9	3.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,965	33,185	30,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,010	29,475	27,535	89.1	88.8	89.4
Official languages	56,185	29,040	27,145	87.8	87.5	88.2
English	12,570	7,295	5,275	19.7	22.0	17.1
French	43,615	21,750	21,865	68.2	65.5	71.0
Non-official languages	825	435	390	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	825	435	390	1.3	1.3	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	160	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	250	160	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	250	160	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	310	155	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	55	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	55	50	0.1	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,955	3,710	3,250	10.9	11.2	10.6
English and French	6,300	3,340	2,955	9.8	10.1	9.6
English and non-official language(s)	180	110	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	205	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	265	150	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,965	33,185	30,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	41,505	21,185	20,325	64.9	63.8	66.0
English	14,200	7,565	6,630	22.2	22.8	21.5
French	5,945	3,250	2,690	9.3	9.8	8.7
Non-official language	1,085	560	525	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,080	560	520	1.7	1.7	1.7
English and French	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	710	340	375	1.1	1.0	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	305	195	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	54,305	28,110	26,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,350	7,060	7,290	26.4	25.1	27.8
Worked outside Canada	110	75	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,195	3,750	1,445	9.6	13.3	5.5
Usual place of work	34,650	17,225	17,430	63.8	61.3	66.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,650	17,225	17,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,755	12,630	14,120	77.2	73.3	81.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,790	1,620	1,170	8.1	9.4	6.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,025	2,895	2,130	14.5	16.8	12.2
Commute to a different province or territory	85	75	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,845	20,975	18,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	24,345	14,285	10,060	61.1	68.1	53.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	22,780	13,675	9,100	57.2	65.2	48.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,565	605	960	3.9	2.9	5.1
Public transit	10,985	4,610	6,375	27.6	22.0	33.8
Walked	2,870	1,150	1,720	7.2	5.5	9.1
Bicycle	900	560	340	2.3	2.7	1.8
Other method	740	370	370	1.9	1.8	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,845	20,975	18,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,640	3,095	3,545	16.7	14.8	18.8
15 to 29 minutes	14,355	7,800	6,555	36.0	37.2	34.7
30 to 44 minutes	11,240	6,350	4,890	28.2	30.3	25.9
45 to 59 minutes	4,330	2,105	2,220	10.9	10.0	11.8
60 minutes and over	3,285	1,630	1,655	8.2	7.8	8.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,845	20,975	18,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,060	1,550	515	5.2	7.4	2.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,480	3,440	2,045	13.8	16.4	10.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,430	5,020	5,415	26.2	23.9	28.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,725	4,045	4,690	21.9	19.3	24.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,115	2,865	3,245	15.3	13.7	17.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,030	4,065	2,970	17.6	19.4	15.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,380	11,975	11,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,965	2,065	1,900	17.0	17.2	16.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,415	9,910	9,510	83.0	82.8	83.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,385	8,410	7,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,020	1,565	1,455	18.4	18.6	18.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,295	1,185	1,105	14.0	14.1	13.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	725	380	350	4.4	4.5	4.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,365	6,840	6,520	81.6	81.3	81.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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