Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Abitibi-TémiscamingueMore information: Quebec [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	147,082	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	146,717	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.2	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	72,505	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	66,421	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	57,325.74	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	147,080	74,495	72,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	25,325	12,870	12,460	17.2	17.3	17.2
0 to 4 years	7,875	4,035	3,840	5.4	5.4	5.3
5 to 9 years	8,610	4,355	4,260	5.9	5.8	5.9
10 to 14 years	8,840	4,480	4,360	6.0	6.0	6.0
15 to 64 years	91,040	46,810	44,220	61.9	62.8	60.9
15 to 19 years	7,595	3,915	3,680	5.2	5.3	5.1
20 to 24 years	7,285	3,815	3,465	5.0	5.1	4.8
25 to 29 years	8,600	4,420	4,175	5.8	5.9	5.8
30 to 34 years	8,865	4,625	4,245	6.0	6.2	5.8
35 to 39 years	8,950	4,675	4,275	6.1	6.3	5.9
40 to 44 years	8,860	4,510	4,350	6.0	6.1	6.0
45 to 49 years	8,290	4,270	4,020	5.6	5.7	5.5
50 to 54 years	8,705	4,360	4,350	5.9	5.9	6.0
55 to 59 years	11,595	5,960	5,630	7.9	8.0	7.8
60 to 64 years	12,285	6,250	6,030	8.4	8.4	8.3
65 years and over	30,715	14,810	15,905	20.9	19.9	21.9
65 to 69 years	10,455	5,330	5,125	7.1	7.2	7.1
70 to 74 years	8,055	4,060	4,000	5.5	5.5	5.5
75 to 79 years	5,580	2,705	2,870	3.8	3.6	4.0
80 to 84 years	3,375	1,540	1,835	2.3	2.1	2.5
85 years and over	3,255	1,180	2,075	2.2	1.6	2.9
85 to 89 years	2,080	825	1,255	1.4	1.1	1.7
90 to 94 years	935	295	640	0.6	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	215	55	160	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2	17.3	17.2	17.2	17.3	17.2
15 to 64 years	61.9	62.8	60.9	61.9	62.8	60.9
65 years and over	20.9	19.9	21.9	20.9	19.9	21.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.9	2.2	1.6	2.9
Average age of the population	42.8	42.3	43.4	42.8	42.3	43.4
Median age of the population	44.0	43.2	44.4	44.0	43.2	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	66,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	40,875	...	...	61.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,825	...	...	4.3	...	...
Row house	1,130	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,365	...	...	8.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	14,790	...	...	22.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	300	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	330	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	805	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	66,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	23,760	...	...	35.8	...	...
2 persons	24,320	...	...	36.6	...	...
3 persons	7,705	...	...	11.6	...	...
4 persons	6,725	...	...	10.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,910	...	...	5.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	143,805	73,170	70,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	121,750	61,630	60,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	71,700	35,895	35,800	58.9	58.2	59.5
Married	34,160	17,165	17,000	28.1	27.9	28.3
Living common-law	37,540	18,735	18,805	30.8	30.4	31.3
Living common law - Never married	31,330	15,635	15,690	25.7	25.4	26.1
Living common law - Separated	415	210	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,980	2,560	2,415	4.1	4.2	4.0
Living common law - Widowed	815	325	490	0.7	0.5	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	50,055	25,730	24,320	41.1	41.7	40.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,215	19,790	14,420	28.1	32.1	24.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,650	805	850	1.4	1.3	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,150	3,355	3,800	5.9	5.4	6.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,035	1,785	5,255	5.8	2.9	8.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	41,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	24,050	...	...	58.3	...	...
3 persons	7,380	...	...	17.9	...	...
4 persons	6,495	...	...	15.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,365	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	41,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	35,205	...	...	85.3	...	...
Married couples	16,445	...	...	39.8	...	...
With children⁶	5,145	...	...	12.5	...	...
Without children	11,300	...	...	27.4	...	...
Common-law couples	18,760	...	...	45.4	...	...
With children⁶	9,545	...	...	23.1	...	...
Without children	9,220	...	...	22.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,085	...	...	14.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,055	...	...	9.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,030	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	143,805	73,165	70,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	114,255	57,170	57,085	79.5	78.1	80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	70,410	35,155	35,255	49.0	48.0	49.9
Parents in one-parent families	6,080	2,030	4,050	4.2	2.8	5.7
Children⁶	37,760	19,980	17,780	26.3	27.3	25.2
In a two-parent family	28,145	14,800	13,350	19.6	20.2	18.9
In a one-parent family	9,615	5,185	4,430	6.7	7.1	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,550	16,000	13,550	20.5	21.9	19.2
Living alone	23,760	12,740	11,020	16.5	17.4	15.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,510	1,255	1,260	1.7	1.7	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	3,280	2,005	1,270	2.3	2.7	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	66,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	39,135	...	...	58.9	...	...
Couple-family households	33,770	...	...	50.8	...	...
With children⁶	14,065	...	...	21.2	...	...
Without children	19,705	...	...	29.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,360	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	540	...	...	0.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,115	...	...	1.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,745	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	23,760	...	...	35.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	118,490	60,305	58,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	116,495	59,415	57,090	98.3	98.5	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,800	35,600	42,400	50,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	116,510	59,420	57,095	98.3	98.5	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,600	32,000	37,200	43,600	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,780	54,200	49,580	87.6	89.9	85.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	45,600	27,200	35,200	45,600	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,310	45,275	39,035	71.2	75.1	67.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	50,800	30,800	39,600	50,800	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,575	45,355	49,225	79.8	75.2	84.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,600	10,900	12,000	11,600	10,900	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,335	8,325	7,015	12.9	13.8	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,560	5,640	5,600	5,560	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,070	17,770	14,305	27.1	29.5	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,520	6,500	6,000	5,520	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	118,485	60,315	58,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	116,540	59,470	57,070	98.4	98.6	98.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,900	61,850	41,480	51,900	61,850	41,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	116,550	59,480	57,075	98.4	98.6	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,480	48,960	35,680	42,480	48,960	35,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,825	54,370	49,455	87.6	90.1	85.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,600	57,200	34,960	46,600	57,200	34,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,300	45,260	39,040	71.1	75.0	67.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,400	59,600	37,560	49,400	59,600	37,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,370	45,355	49,010	79.6	75.2	84.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,560	13,020	12,800	12,560	13,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,070	8,265	6,810	12.7	13.7	11.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,230	6,560	8,050	7,230	6,560	8,050
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,315	17,425	13,890	26.4	28.9	23.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,100	6,600	7,730	7,100	6,600	7,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	118,490	60,320	58,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,690	22,075	17,615	33.5	36.6	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	69,500	49,600	59,600	69,500	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,100	79,500	56,050	69,100	79,500	56,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	35,040	18,070	16,970	29.6	30.0	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	33,200	18,000	23,400	33,200	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,120	46,920	24,660	36,120	46,920	24,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	84.6	73.0	80.0	84.6	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.8	73.4	61.9	68.8	73.4	61.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.0	15.5	27.0	20.0	15.5	27.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.3	1.8	1.5	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.6	5.6	4.4	3.6	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.1	4.5	3.7	3.1	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	118,485	60,305	58,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,990	890	1,100	1.7	1.5	1.9
With total income	116,500	59,410	57,085	98.3	98.5	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,665	3,020	4,650	6.6	5.1	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	14,260	5,405	8,860	12.2	9.1	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	18,750	8,285	10,465	16.1	13.9	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	14,395	6,030	8,365	12.4	10.1	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	14,050	6,375	7,675	12.1	10.7	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	11,550	6,020	5,535	9.9	10.1	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	8,890	5,225	3,660	7.6	8.8	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	6,410	4,145	2,260	5.5	7.0	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	5,060	3,095	1,960	4.3	5.2	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,700	2,440	1,255	3.2	4.1	2.2
$100,000 and over	11,770	9,370	2,400	10.1	15.8	4.2
$100,000 to $149,999	8,885	7,020	1,870	7.6	11.8	3.3
$150,000 and over	2,880	2,355	530	2.5	4.0	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	118,485	60,305	58,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,975	885	1,095	1.7	1.5	1.9
With after-tax income	116,515	59,420	57,090	98.3	98.5	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,035	3,150	4,885	6.9	5.3	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	14,970	5,740	9,230	12.8	9.7	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	21,665	9,460	12,210	18.6	15.9	21.4
$30,000 to $39,999	18,550	8,225	10,330	15.9	13.8	18.1
$40,000 to $49,999	16,910	8,770	8,140	14.5	14.8	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	12,300	7,395	4,905	10.6	12.4	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	8,015	4,935	3,085	6.9	8.3	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,770	3,720	2,045	5.0	6.3	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,815	2,830	990	3.3	4.8	1.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,475	1,975	505	2.1	3.3	0.9
$100,000 and over	4,005	3,225	775	3.4	5.4	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,520	2,085	435	2.2	3.5	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,485	1,145	345	1.3	1.9	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	118,485	60,305	58,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	34,180	15,030	19,150	28.8	24.9	32.9
With employment income	84,310	45,275	39,035	71.2	75.1	67.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,450	4,695	4,750	11.2	10.4	12.2
$5,000 to $9,999	6,175	2,495	3,680	7.3	5.5	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,915	4,045	5,865	11.8	8.9	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	8,350	3,535	4,820	9.9	7.8	12.3
$30,000 to $39,999	8,525	3,720	4,805	10.1	8.2	12.3
$40,000 to $49,999	8,200	3,850	4,345	9.7	8.5	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,060	4,040	3,025	8.4	8.9	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,865	3,730	2,135	7.0	8.2	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,360	2,880	1,480	5.2	6.4	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,950	2,375	1,580	4.7	5.2	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,830	1,990	835	3.4	4.4	2.1
$100,000 and over	9,645	7,930	1,710	11.4	17.5	4.4
$100,000 to $124,999	4,760	3,795	965	5.6	8.4	2.5
$125,000 and over	4,880	4,135	740	5.8	9.1	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	118,490	60,305	58,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	115,120	58,730	56,390	97.2	97.4	96.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	50,000	32,000	40,000	50,000	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	115,170	58,740	56,430	97.2	97.4	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,400	29,200	35,200	42,400	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,675	53,755	48,920	86.7	89.1	84.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	47,200	28,000	36,000	47,200	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,540	45,855	39,680	72.2	76.0	68.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	51,600	30,400	39,600	51,600	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,920	39,405	45,515	71.7	65.3	78.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,900	9,500	9,200	8,900	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,840	8,755	7,085	13.4	14.5	12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,240	5,280	5,280	5,240	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	118,485	60,315	58,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,095	58,760	56,335	97.1	97.4	96.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,160	61,300	38,560	50,160	61,300	38,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,145	58,760	56,385	97.2	97.4	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,760	48,120	33,080	40,760	48,120	33,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,750	53,910	48,840	86.7	89.4	84.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	59,000	34,640	47,440	59,000	34,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,610	45,940	39,675	72.3	76.2	68.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,360	60,550	36,440	49,360	60,550	36,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,870	39,415	45,450	71.6	65.3	78.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,590	10,630	10,550	10,590	10,630	10,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,545	8,670	6,875	13.1	14.4	11.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,120	6,630	7,740	7,120	6,630	7,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	118,490	60,320	58,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,605	22,035	17,570	33.4	36.5	30.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	68,000	46,000	56,800	68,000	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,400	78,100	51,600	66,400	78,100	51,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	33,465	17,315	16,145	28.2	28.7	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	40,000	21,000	28,000	40,000	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,800	53,150	27,600	40,800	53,150	27,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.4	88.4	78.0	84.4	88.4	78.0
Employment income (%)	73.2	77.2	66.6	73.2	77.2	66.6
Government transfers (%)	15.6	11.6	22.1	15.6	11.6	22.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.6	2.5	1.9	1.6	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	66,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	23,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	42,660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	66,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	23,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,640	...	...	48,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,360	...	...	40,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	42,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,700	...	...	114,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...	93,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	66,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	440	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	305	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	920	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,555	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,395	...	...	6.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,635	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,405	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,320	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,150	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,810	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,305	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,715	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,315	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,730	...	...	5.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,445	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,980	...	...	34.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,060	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,335	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,330	...	...	9.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,255	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	66,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	485	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	320	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	940	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,645	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,675	...	...	7.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,155	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,135	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,965	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,735	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,370	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,195	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,420	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,870	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,320	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,740	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,460	...	...	24.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,095	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,545	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,820	...	...	7.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	41,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,780	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	27,040	14,745	12,295	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	43,600	32,400	38,000	43,600	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	38,000	29,800	34,000	38,000	29,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	41,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,900	...	...	114,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,700	...	...	93,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,900	...	...	80,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,200	...	...	153,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,900	...	...	122,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,800	...	...	73,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,500	...	...	63,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	27,120	14,830	12,295	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,680	53,850	40,240	47,680	53,850	40,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,640	43,560	34,920	39,640	43,560	34,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	143,805	73,170	70,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,990	15,265	14,725	20.9	20.9	20.8
0 to 5 years	9,540	4,880	4,660	6.6	6.7	6.6
18 to 64 years	85,735	43,970	41,770	59.6	60.1	59.1
65 years and over	28,080	13,935	14,145	19.5	19.0	20.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,430	8,120	9,315	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,825	1,450	1,375	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	965	465	500	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,680	3,690	3,990	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,925	2,980	3,945	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.1	11.1	13.2	12.1	11.1	13.2
0 to 17 years (%)	9.4	9.5	9.4	9.4	9.5	9.4
0 to 5 years (%)	10.2	9.6	10.8	10.2	9.6	10.8
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	8.4	9.6	9.0	8.4	9.6
65 years and over (%)	24.7	21.4	27.9	24.7	21.4	27.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	140,710	71,675	69,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,900	14,755	14,140	20.5	20.6	20.5
0 to 5 years	9,215	4,730	4,485	6.5	6.6	6.5
18 to 64 years	83,965	43,100	40,865	59.7	60.1	59.2
65 years and over	27,845	13,815	14,025	19.8	19.3	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,555	1,865	1,690	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	515	260	255	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	150	80	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,720	1,445	1,275	...	...	...
65 years and over	315	150	165	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	143,805	73,170	70,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	77,095	37,970	39,125	53.6	51.9	55.4
In bottom decile	13,980	6,575	7,400	9.7	9.0	10.5
In second decile	16,235	7,705	8,525	11.3	10.5	12.1
In third decile	15,000	7,350	7,650	10.4	10.0	10.8
In fourth decile	15,760	7,960	7,800	11.0	10.9	11.0
In fifth decile	16,120	8,375	7,745	11.2	11.4	11.0
In top half of the distribution	66,715	35,200	31,515	46.4	48.1	44.6
In sixth decile	15,905	8,410	7,495	11.1	11.5	10.6
In seventh decile	15,020	7,810	7,210	10.4	10.7	10.2
In eighth decile	14,530	7,595	6,935	10.1	10.4	9.8
In ninth decile	12,535	6,705	5,825	8.7	9.2	8.2
In top decile	8,720	4,670	4,050	6.1	6.4	5.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	143,800	...	...	143,800	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.436	...	...	0.436	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.267	...	...	0.267	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	145,705	73,830	71,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	2,330	1,185	1,150	1.6	1.6	1.6
French only	98,745	47,465	51,280	67.8	64.3	71.4
English and French	44,495	25,095	19,395	30.5	34.0	27.0
Neither English nor French	135	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	145,705	73,830	71,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	5,430	2,715	2,715	3.7	3.7	3.8
French	139,490	70,705	68,785	95.7	95.8	95.7
English and French	665	340	320	0.5	0.5	0.4
Neither English nor French	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	145,705	73,830	71,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	143,760	72,765	70,995	98.7	98.6	98.8
Official languages	141,150	71,385	69,760	96.9	96.7	97.1
English	4,635	2,245	2,395	3.2	3.0	3.3
French	136,515	69,145	67,370	93.7	93.7	93.7
Non-official languages	2,610	1,375	1,235	1.8	1.9	1.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	830	385	440	0.6	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	815	385	430	0.6	0.5	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	205	90	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	605	290	315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	595	285	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,780	985	795	1.2	1.3	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	490	280	210	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	450	255	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	445	255	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	160	110	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	95	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	745	400	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	485	260	230	0.3	0.4	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	365	180	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,945	1,065	875	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	1,325	735	590	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	425	220	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	145,705	73,830	71,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,665	1,855	1,810	2.5	2.5	2.5
French	134,035	67,730	66,300	92.0	91.7	92.2
Non-official language	450	265	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	350	220	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	5,050	2,700	2,350	3.5	3.7	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	340	205	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,515	760	750	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	625	300	325	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	145,705	73,830	71,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	143,920	72,945	70,975	98.8	98.8	98.8
Official languages	142,975	72,400	70,575	98.1	98.1	98.2
English	4,655	2,355	2,305	3.2	3.2	3.2
French	138,320	70,050	68,270	94.9	94.9	95.0
Non-official languages	945	545	400	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	225	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	225	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	715	430	285	0.5	0.6	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	100	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	75	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	70	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	295	170	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	260	150	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,790	890	895	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	1,175	595	580	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	425	200	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	145,705	73,835	71,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	139,760	70,660	69,095	95.9	95.7	96.1
English	3,360	1,860	1,500	2.3	2.5	2.1
French	1,075	545	535	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	1,050	540	505	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	455	220	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	595	320	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	255	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	143,620	73,060	70,560	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	46,510	26,145	20,365	32.4	35.7	28.8
French	141,350	71,940	69,410	98.3	98.3	98.3
Non-official languages	6,090	3,135	2,955	4.2	4.3	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,655	740	915	1.2	1.0	1.3
Algonquian languages	1,640	735	905	1.1	1.0	1.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	495	205	295	0.3	0.3	0.4
Atikamekw	100	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree languages	380	155	225	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	75	35	35	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,265	580	685	0.9	0.8	1.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	1,225	560	660	0.9	0.8	0.9
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,465	2,405	2,055	3.1	3.3	2.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	795	445	355	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	70	50	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	755	410	340	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	755	410	340	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	200	130	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	165	115	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	170	105	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,730	1,430	1,295	1.9	2.0	1.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	145	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	115	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	195	115	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,380	1,235	1,145	1.7	1.7	1.6
Catalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	185	125	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,195	1,115	1,085	1.5	1.5	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	395	240	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	125	90	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	143,770	73,150	70,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,160	4,530	4,630	6.4	6.2	6.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,820	4,375	4,445	6.1	6.0	6.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,310	3,010	3,295	4.4	4.1	4.7
Métis	2,485	1,345	1,135	1.7	1.8	1.6
Inuk (Inuit)	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	100	35	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	134,610	68,620	65,990	93.6	93.8	93.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	143,770	73,150	70,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,885	2,830	3,055	4.1	3.9	4.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	137,885	70,320	67,565	95.9	96.1	95.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	44,305	...	...	66.7	...	...
Renter	21,410	...	...	32.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	700	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,715	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not condominium	61,695	...	...	92.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	265	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	8,340	...	...	12.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	18,735	...	...	28.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,485	...	...	33.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,590	...	...	25.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	19,100	...	...	28.8	...	...
5 rooms	11,725	...	...	17.7	...	...
6 rooms	8,615	...	...	13.0	...	...
7 rooms	7,865	...	...	11.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,105	...	...	28.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	66,135	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	275	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	65,215	...	...	98.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,200	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	19,045	...	...	28.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	21,220	...	...	32.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,555	...	...	15.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,475	...	...	9.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,530	...	...	2.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,230	...	...	3.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,135	...	...	4.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,210	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	61,295	...	...	92.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,115	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	38,650	...	...	58.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	26,840	...	...	40.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	925	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,755	...	...	4.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,335	...	...	14.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,675	...	...	16.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,135	...	...	15.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	14,570	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,640	...	...	17.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,815	...	...	8.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,485	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	64,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	58,205	...	...	89.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,750	...	...	10.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,255	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,250	...	...	18.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,180	...	...	9.3	...	...
Not suitable only	900	...	...	1.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,365	...	...	6.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	510	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	235	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	54,165	...	...	81.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	64,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,440	...	...	3.8	...	...
Not in core need	62,020	...	...	96.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	43,745	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.1	...	...	58.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	975	...	...	975	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	230,000	...	...	230,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	243,600	...	...	243,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,320	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	670	...	...	670	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	709	...	...	709	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	700	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.9	...	...	10.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	464	...	...	464	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	466	...	...	466	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,295	4,130	4,170	5.8	5.6	5.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,215	4,100	4,120	5.7	5.6	5.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,380	3,655	3,720	5.1	5.0	5.3
Métis single ancestry	825	435	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,750	2,770	2,975	4.0	3.8	4.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,660	2,735	2,925	3.9	3.7	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,900	2,365	2,535	3.4	3.2	3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	740	360	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	129,720	66,250	63,470	90.2	90.6	89.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	141,875	72,040	69,830	98.7	98.5	98.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	29,730	15,175	14,550	20.7	20.7	20.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	112,145	56,870	55,280	78.0	77.7	78.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,895	1,105	785	1.3	1.5	1.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	140,375	71,235	69,140	97.6	97.4	97.9
Immigrants⁸¹	2,350	1,215	1,135	1.6	1.7	1.6
Before 1980	370	195	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
1980 to 1990	155	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	205	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
2001 to 2010	485	260	230	0.3	0.4	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,130	570	560	0.8	0.8	0.8
2011 to 2015	490	255	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
2016 to 2021	640	320	320	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,045	700	350	0.7	1.0	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,350	1,220	1,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	260	145	115	11.1	11.9	10.1
5 to 14 years	350	120	230	14.9	9.8	20.3
15 to 24 years	315	175	140	13.4	14.3	12.3
25 to 44 years	1,295	715	585	55.1	58.6	51.5
45 years and over	125	60	65	5.3	4.9	5.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,350	1,220	1,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	435	175	265	18.5	14.3	23.3
Brazil	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.9
Colombia	45	10	35	1.9	0.8	3.1
El Salvador	20	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	110	60	45	4.7	4.9	4.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	45	10	35	1.9	0.8	3.1
Peru	20	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.3
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	65	25	35	2.8	2.0	3.1
Other places of birth in Americas	110	45	65	4.7	3.7	5.7
Europe	705	430	275	30.0	35.2	24.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	375	240	130	16.0	19.7	11.5
Germany	75	45	30	3.2	3.7	2.6
Greece	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.9
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	30	0	1.3	2.5	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	20	20	1.9	1.6	1.8
Other places of birth in Europe	120	65	60	5.1	5.3	5.3
Africa	930	495	435	39.6	40.6	38.3
Algeria	120	60	60	5.1	4.9	5.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	35	30	3.0	2.9	2.6
Egypt	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	150	100	55	6.4	8.2	4.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	585	295	290	24.9	24.2	25.6
Asia	265	110	150	11.3	9.0	13.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	50	25	30	2.1	2.0	2.6
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	15	1.3	1.2	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	10	45	2.1	0.8	4.0
Viet Nam	20	10	15	0.9	0.8	1.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	40	30	3.2	3.3	2.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	640	315	325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	65	30	40	10.2	9.5	12.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	10	2.3	3.2	3.1
Haiti	15	15	0	2.3	4.8	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	3.9	3.2	4.6
Europe	125	80	45	19.5	25.4	13.8
France	110	70	35	17.2	22.2	10.8
Germany	10	0	0	1.6	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	1.6	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	385	180	205	60.2	57.1	63.1
Algeria	15	10	10	2.3	3.2	3.1
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	100	45	60	15.6	14.3	18.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	3.1	3.2	3.1
Côte d'Ivoire	75	30	40	11.7	9.5	12.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	20	15	6.3	6.3	4.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	25	15	15	3.9	4.8	4.6
Other places of birth in Africa	105	55	50	16.4	17.5	15.4
Asia	70	30	45	10.9	9.5	13.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	15	3.1	0.0	4.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	15	4.7	4.8	4.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	1.6	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,730	2,050	1,680	2.6	2.8	2.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,225	1,705	1,520	2.2	2.3	2.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	136,810	69,390	67,420	95.2	94.9	95.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,980	1,020	960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,130	650	480	57.1	63.7	50.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	625	480	145	31.6	47.1	15.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	505	175	330	25.5	17.2	34.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	705	290	415	35.6	28.4	43.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	135	65	60	6.8	6.4	6.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,980	1,020	960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	20	25	2.3	2.0	2.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	255	150	105	12.9	14.7	10.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	40	30	3.3	3.9	3.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	200	140	60	10.1	13.7	6.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	10	1.0	1.0	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,395	665	730	70.5	65.2	76.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,130	1,670	1,460	2.2	2.3	2.1
South Asian	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese	170	45	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	1,370	785	590	1.0	1.1	0.8
Filipino	200	140	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab	660	365	290	0.5	0.5	0.4
Latin American	370	155	215	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	140,640	71,480	69,155	97.8	97.7	97.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	57,915	29,295	28,625	40.3	40.0	40.5
English	1,610	805	815	1.1	1.1	1.2
Irish	5,270	2,545	2,725	3.7	3.5	3.9
Scottish	1,855	950	900	1.3	1.3	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30,330	15,800	14,530	21.1	21.6	20.6
German	1,275	635	635	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	185	55	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	1,090	590	495	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indian (India)	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	260	190	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Dutch	220	140	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Polish	750	430	315	0.5	0.6	0.4
Québécois	21,965	11,025	10,935	15.3	15.1	15.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	295	170	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	205	125	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	13,010	6,495	6,515	9.0	8.9	9.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,225	2,200	2,035	2.9	3.0	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,615	2,190	2,425	3.2	3.0	3.4
Métis	1,695	840	850	1.2	1.1	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,220	1,195	1,025	1.5	1.6	1.5
Russian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	870	365	505	0.6	0.5	0.7
Spanish	410	230	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	830	355	475	0.6	0.5	0.7
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	320	165	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	175	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	775	360	410	0.5	0.5	0.6
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,110	1,080	1,025	1.5	1.5	1.5
Danish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,405	720	685	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	380	180	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian	190	115	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	555	285	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	105	35	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	335	180	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Newfoundlander	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	260	105	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	200	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	3,610	1,785	1,825	2.5	2.4	2.6
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	110	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	60	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	165	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	345	150	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	115	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	155	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	215	115	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	240	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	335	190	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	295	170	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	810	385	425	0.6	0.5	0.6
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	85	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	145	90	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	143,770	73,150	70,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian	103,375	51,820	51,555	71.9	70.8	73.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,820	2,995	2,825	4.0	4.1	4.0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	230	100	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baptist	305	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	95,215	47,645	47,565	66.2	65.1	67.4
Christian Orthodox	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	405	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	515	270	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Presbyterian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	700	380	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	990	560	430	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	510	235	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	190	110	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	38,610	20,390	18,220	26.9	27.9	25.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	142,240	72,335	69,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	128,355	65,670	62,685	90.2	90.8	89.7
Movers	13,885	6,660	7,225	9.8	9.2	10.3
Non-migrants	8,620	4,065	4,555	6.1	5.6	6.5
Migrants	5,265	2,590	2,675	3.7	3.6	3.8
Internal migrants	4,995	2,450	2,545	3.5	3.4	3.6
Intraprovincial migrants	4,615	2,255	2,360	3.2	3.1	3.4
Interprovincial migrants	385	200	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	270	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	136,020	69,090	66,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	88,990	45,710	43,280	65.4	66.2	64.7
Movers	47,020	23,375	23,645	34.6	33.8	35.3
Non-migrants	24,650	12,235	12,410	18.1	17.7	18.5
Migrants	22,375	11,140	11,235	16.4	16.1	16.8
Internal migrants	21,100	10,400	10,705	15.5	15.1	16.0
Intraprovincial migrants	20,045	9,865	10,180	14.7	14.3	15.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,055	530	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	1,280	745	530	0.9	1.1	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	118,490	60,315	58,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	35,970	20,895	15,075	30.4	34.6	25.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	82,515	39,420	43,095	69.6	65.4	74.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,670	38,525	37,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,580	10,680	6,900	23.2	27.7	18.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,090	27,845	30,240	76.8	72.3	81.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	118,485	60,315	58,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	31,090	17,145	13,940	26.2	28.4	24.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,135	11,185	12,950	20.4	18.5	22.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,265	31,985	31,280	53.4	53.0	53.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	48,215	26,140	22,075	40.7	43.3	37.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	27,330	17,430	9,900	23.1	28.9	17.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20,680	12,170	8,510	17.5	20.2	14.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,645	5,260	1,390	5.6	8.7	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,405	7,545	9,855	14.7	12.5	16.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,485	1,160	2,320	2.9	1.9	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,050	5,845	9,195	12.7	9.7	15.8
Bachelor's degree	10,895	3,940	6,955	9.2	6.5	12.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,225	450	775	1.0	0.7	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	475	205	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	2,040	1,015	1,025	1.7	1.7	1.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	410	240	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,665	38,530	37,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,205	8,145	6,060	18.8	21.1	16.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,085	6,205	6,880	17.3	16.1	18.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,380	24,175	24,205	63.9	62.7	65.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,110	19,655	16,450	47.7	51.0	44.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	21,160	13,300	7,855	28.0	34.5	21.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,245	9,450	6,795	21.5	24.5	18.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,920	3,850	1,065	6.5	10.0	2.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,620	5,600	7,020	16.7	14.5	18.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,330	755	1,575	3.1	2.0	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,270	4,525	7,750	16.2	11.7	20.9
Bachelor's degree	8,760	2,990	5,770	11.6	7.8	15.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	980	345	640	1.3	0.9	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	400	155	240	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	1,790	850	945	2.4	2.2	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	345	185	160	0.5	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	118,490	60,315	58,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55,225	28,330	26,895	46.6	47.0	46.2
Education	5,295	1,070	4,220	4.5	1.8	7.3
13. Education	5,295	1,070	4,220	4.5	1.8	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,200	495	705	1.0	0.8	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,045	400	650	0.9	0.7	1.1
Humanities	2,040	820	1,230	1.7	1.4	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	30	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,465	565	900	1.2	0.9	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,515	700	2,815	3.0	1.2	4.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	100	255	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,125	30	1,095	0.9	0.0	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	495	130	365	0.4	0.2	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	25	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	825	135	700	0.7	0.2	1.2
45. Social sciences	520	255	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Business, management and public administration	13,060	3,325	9,730	11.0	5.5	16.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,400	220	1,185	1.2	0.4	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,660	3,115	8,545	9.8	5.2	14.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,540	995	545	1.3	1.6	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	295	180	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	90	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	360	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
40. Physical sciences	670	520	155	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	775	515	260	0.7	0.9	0.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	600	460	135	0.5	0.8	0.2
25. Library science	115	10	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,220	17,710	1,510	16.2	29.4	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	180	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	1,525	1,305	220	1.3	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,515	4,815	700	4.7	8.0	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,930	3,780	150	3.3	6.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,200	4,945	245	4.4	8.2	0.4
48. Precision production	2,875	2,780	90	2.4	4.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,920	2,010	905	2.5	3.3	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	950	515	440	0.8	0.9	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,965	1,500	465	1.7	2.5	0.8
Health and related fields	7,495	1,180	6,315	6.3	2.0	10.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	305	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,910	915	6,000	5.8	1.5	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	260	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,185	3,155	3,025	5.2	5.2	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,935	520	2,415	2.5	0.9	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,120	740	385	0.9	1.2	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,095	1,880	220	1.8	3.1	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	75,670	38,525	37,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,290	14,350	12,935	36.1	37.2	34.8
Education	3,505	625	2,875	4.6	1.6	7.7
13. Education	3,505	625	2,875	4.6	1.6	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	940	385	555	1.2	1.0	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	825	315	510	1.1	0.8	1.4
Humanities	1,280	515	760	1.7	1.3	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	880	350	535	1.2	0.9	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,790	510	2,280	3.7	1.3	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	280	75	205	0.4	0.2	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	900	20	880	1.2	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	365	80	280	0.5	0.2	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	710	100	610	0.9	0.3	1.6
45. Social sciences	395	190	205	0.5	0.5	0.6
Business, management and public administration	10,245	2,340	7,905	13.5	6.1	21.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,190	185	1,005	1.6	0.5	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,055	2,155	6,900	12.0	5.6	18.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,040	720	325	1.4	1.9	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	245	150	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	70	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	570	435	140	0.8	1.1	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	615	430	185	0.8	1.1	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	510	410	100	0.7	1.1	0.3
25. Library science	80	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,210	13,920	1,285	20.1	36.1	3.5
04. Architecture and related services	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	1,340	1,125	215	1.8	2.9	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,430	3,850	580	5.9	10.0	1.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,010	2,900	115	4.0	7.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,110	3,910	205	5.4	10.1	0.6
48. Precision production	2,160	2,070	90	2.9	5.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,315	1,510	800	3.1	3.9	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	775	400	370	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,540	1,115	430	2.0	2.9	1.2
Health and related fields	5,660	850	4,810	7.5	2.2	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	215	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,210	650	4,560	6.9	1.7	12.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	220	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,760	2,365	2,395	6.3	6.1	6.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,335	375	1,970	3.1	1.0	5.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	850	585	270	1.1	1.5	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,540	1,395	150	2.0	3.6	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	75,670	38,525	37,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,290	14,350	12,935	36.1	37.2	34.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	48,380	24,175	24,200	63.9	62.8	65.2
Location of study inside Canada	47,170	23,425	23,750	62.3	60.8	63.9
Same as province or territory of residence	45,280	22,560	22,720	59.8	58.6	61.2
Different than province or territory of residence	1,890	855	1,030	2.5	2.2	2.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,210	755	455	1.6	2.0	1.2
Americas	170	105	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
United States of America	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	380	225	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
Belgium	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	280	175	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	465	290	175	0.6	0.8	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tunisia	90	65	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	195	125	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asia	195	135	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	105	85	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	118,485	60,315	58,170	...	...	...
In the labour force	74,775	39,920	34,850	...	...	...
Employed	70,620	37,405	33,215	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,155	2,515	1,640	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	43,715	20,395	23,320	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.1	66.2	59.9	63.1	66.2	59.9
Employment rate	59.6	62.0	57.1	59.6	62.0	57.1
Unemployment rate	5.6	6.3	4.7	5.6	6.3	4.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	118,485	60,315	58,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	41,940	19,205	22,735	35.4	31.8	39.1
Worked	76,550	41,115	35,435	64.6	68.2	60.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	40,420	22,450	17,970	34.1	37.2	30.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	36,130	18,665	17,470	30.5	30.9	30.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.6	41.3	41.5	41.6	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	74,775	39,920	34,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	570	505	1.4	1.4	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	73,695	39,350	34,345	98.6	98.6	98.5
Employee	66,995	35,575	31,420	89.6	89.1	90.1
Permanent position	56,420	30,525	25,895	75.5	76.5	74.3
Temporary position	10,575	5,050	5,530	14.1	12.7	15.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,365	1,355	2,010	4.5	3.4	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,210	3,695	3,515	9.6	9.3	10.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,700	3,775	2,925	9.0	9.5	8.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	74,775	39,920	34,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	570	505	1.4	1.4	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	73,695	39,350	34,345	98.6	98.6	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,080	775	300	1.4	1.9	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,690	2,755	7,935	14.3	6.9	22.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,350	3,355	990	5.8	8.4	2.8
3 Health occupations	5,710	830	4,880	7.6	2.1	14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,190	2,065	7,120	12.3	5.2	20.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,155	610	550	1.5	1.5	1.6
6 Sales and service occupations	16,885	6,695	10,190	22.6	16.8	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	16,285	14,915	1,370	21.8	37.4	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,410	4,950	465	7.2	12.4	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,945	2,405	545	3.9	6.0	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	74,775	39,920	34,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	570	505	1.4	1.4	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	73,695	39,350	34,345	98.6	98.6	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,365	1,760	605	3.2	4.4	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	8,595	7,540	1,060	11.5	18.9	3.0
22 Utilities	1,105	890	215	1.5	2.2	0.6
23 Construction	5,025	4,375	655	6.7	11.0	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	5,835	4,555	1,275	7.8	11.4	3.7
41 Wholesale trade	2,090	1,565	530	2.8	3.9	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	8,575	3,700	4,875	11.5	9.3	14.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,290	2,415	875	4.4	6.0	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	675	425	255	0.9	1.1	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,270	360	915	1.7	0.9	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	685	405	275	0.9	1.0	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,010	1,440	1,565	4.0	3.6	4.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,545	1,430	1,110	3.4	3.6	3.2
61 Educational services	5,555	1,310	4,250	7.4	3.3	12.2
62 Health care and social assistance	10,700	1,525	9,170	14.3	3.8	26.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	645	380	265	0.9	1.0	0.8
72 Accommodation and food services	3,930	1,470	2,460	5.3	3.7	7.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,370	1,730	1,640	4.5	4.3	4.7
91 Public administration	4,385	2,060	2,325	5.9	5.2	6.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	80,995	43,305	37,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,965	1,195	780	2.4	2.8	2.1
French	68,065	35,865	32,200	84.0	82.8	85.4
Non-official language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	10,600	6,070	4,530	13.1	14.0	12.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	80,995	43,305	37,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	79,650	42,530	37,125	98.3	98.2	98.5
Official languages	79,575	42,465	37,110	98.2	98.1	98.5
English	3,235	1,985	1,250	4.0	4.6	3.3
French	76,340	40,480	35,860	94.3	93.5	95.1
Non-official languages	75	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,345	780	570	1.7	1.8	1.5
English and French	1,300	765	540	1.6	1.8	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	80,995	43,305	37,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	71,370	37,840	33,530	88.1	87.4	89.0
English	8,110	4,535	3,570	10.0	10.5	9.5
French	1,270	815	450	1.6	1.9	1.2
Non-official language	150	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	70,615	37,405	33,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,885	3,015	3,875	9.8	8.1	11.7
Worked outside Canada	50	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	8,560	6,620	1,940	12.1	17.7	5.8
Usual place of work	55,120	27,730	27,390	78.1	74.1	82.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	55,115	27,730	27,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	36,510	16,950	19,560	66.2	61.1	71.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,665	5,195	5,465	19.4	18.7	20.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,290	5,050	2,235	13.2	18.2	8.2
Commute to a different province or territory	660	530	125	1.2	1.9	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	63,675	34,345	29,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	55,355	29,765	25,595	86.9	86.7	87.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	52,055	28,220	23,830	81.8	82.2	81.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,310	1,545	1,765	5.2	4.5	6.0
Public transit	850	615	230	1.3	1.8	0.8
Walked	4,780	1,995	2,790	7.5	5.8	9.5
Bicycle	400	300	100	0.6	0.9	0.3
Other method	2,285	1,670	610	3.6	4.9	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	63,675	34,345	29,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	33,850	16,120	17,730	53.2	46.9	60.5
15 to 29 minutes	15,925	8,330	7,600	25.0	24.3	25.9
30 to 44 minutes	6,210	3,705	2,505	9.8	10.8	8.5
45 to 59 minutes	2,595	1,870	730	4.1	5.4	2.5
60 minutes and over	5,085	4,325	765	8.0	12.6	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	63,675	34,345	29,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,355	5,530	825	10.0	16.1	2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,395	6,825	2,565	14.8	19.9	8.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20,210	9,525	10,690	31.7	27.7	36.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,510	4,820	8,690	21.2	14.0	29.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,635	1,765	2,870	7.3	5.1	9.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,575	5,885	3,685	15.0	17.1	12.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	30,505	15,530	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,065	1,535	1,535	10.0	9.9	10.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	27,435	14,000	13,440	89.9	90.1	89.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,020	11,195	10,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,270	1,130	1,135	10.3	10.1	10.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,320	635	675	6.0	5.7	6.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	950	495	455	4.3	4.4	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,755	10,065	9,695	89.7	89.9	89.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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