Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Abitibi--TémiscamingueMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	103,735	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	103,491	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.2	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,561	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	46,773	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	33,230.90	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	103,735	52,445	51,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,645	8,935	8,705	17.0	17.0	17.0
0 to 4 years	5,330	2,720	2,605	5.1	5.2	5.1
5 to 9 years	6,095	3,120	2,975	5.9	5.9	5.8
10 to 14 years	6,215	3,090	3,125	6.0	5.9	6.1
15 to 64 years	63,875	32,780	31,090	61.6	62.5	60.6
15 to 19 years	5,430	2,775	2,655	5.2	5.3	5.2
20 to 24 years	5,075	2,645	2,430	4.9	5.0	4.7
25 to 29 years	5,960	3,100	2,860	5.7	5.9	5.6
30 to 34 years	6,080	3,180	2,905	5.9	6.1	5.7
35 to 39 years	6,335	3,285	3,050	6.1	6.3	5.9
40 to 44 years	6,245	3,180	3,065	6.0	6.1	6.0
45 to 49 years	5,790	2,975	2,815	5.6	5.7	5.5
50 to 54 years	6,125	3,090	3,035	5.9	5.9	5.9
55 to 59 years	8,130	4,150	3,980	7.8	7.9	7.8
60 to 64 years	8,700	4,410	4,290	8.4	8.4	8.4
65 years and over	22,220	10,725	11,495	21.4	20.4	22.4
65 to 69 years	7,570	3,880	3,690	7.3	7.4	7.2
70 to 74 years	5,800	2,900	2,900	5.6	5.5	5.7
75 to 79 years	4,040	1,990	2,055	3.9	3.8	4.0
80 to 84 years	2,425	1,110	1,320	2.3	2.1	2.6
85 years and over	2,390	855	1,535	2.3	1.6	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,510	585	920	1.5	1.1	1.8
90 to 94 years	700	220	480	0.7	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	165	40	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.0	17.0	17.0	17.0	17.0
15 to 64 years	61.6	62.5	60.6	61.6	62.5	60.6
65 years and over	21.4	20.4	22.4	21.4	20.4	22.4
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	43.1	42.6	43.7	43.1	42.6	43.7
Median age of the population	44.4	43.6	44.8	44.4	43.6	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	30,120	...	...	64.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,050	...	...	4.4	...	...
Row house	755	...	...	1.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,345	...	...	7.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,700	...	...	20.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	485	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,545	...	...	35.4	...	...
2 persons	17,355	...	...	37.1	...	...
3 persons	5,370	...	...	11.5	...	...
4 persons	4,785	...	...	10.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,715	...	...	5.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	101,275	51,430	49,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	86,090	43,505	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	50,910	25,480	25,425	59.1	58.6	59.7
Married	24,890	12,490	12,400	28.9	28.7	29.1
Living common-law	26,015	12,990	13,025	30.2	29.9	30.6
Living common law - Never married	21,600	10,775	10,825	25.1	24.8	25.4
Living common law - Separated	295	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	3,515	1,830	1,690	4.1	4.2	4.0
Living common law - Widowed	610	245	365	0.7	0.6	0.9
Not married and not living common-law	35,185	18,025	17,160	40.9	41.4	40.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,015	13,855	10,160	27.9	31.8	23.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,150	550	600	1.3	1.3	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,055	2,365	2,690	5.9	5.4	6.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,965	1,250	3,710	5.8	2.9	8.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,080	...	...	58.5	...	...
3 persons	5,140	...	...	17.6	...	...
4 persons	4,605	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,380	...	...	8.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,955	...	...	85.5	...	...
Married couples	11,955	...	...	40.9	...	...
With children⁶	3,655	...	...	12.5	...	...
Without children	8,295	...	...	28.4	...	...
Common-law couples	13,000	...	...	44.5	...	...
With children⁶	6,645	...	...	22.8	...	...
Without children	6,355	...	...	21.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,245	...	...	14.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,815	...	...	9.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,430	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	101,275	51,435	49,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	80,715	40,360	40,355	79.7	78.5	81.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	49,910	24,925	24,985	49.3	48.5	50.1
Parents in one-parent families	4,245	1,435	2,815	4.2	2.8	5.6
Children⁶	26,560	14,005	12,555	26.2	27.2	25.2
In a two-parent family	19,815	10,350	9,465	19.6	20.1	19.0
In a one-parent family	6,745	3,650	3,090	6.7	7.1	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,560	11,075	9,485	20.3	21.5	19.0
Living alone	16,545	8,805	7,745	16.3	17.1	15.5
Living with other relatives⁷	1,650	810	840	1.6	1.6	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	2,360	1,455	905	2.3	2.8	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,820	...	...	59.5	...	...
Couple-family households	24,025	...	...	51.4	...	...
With children⁶	9,915	...	...	21.2	...	...
Without children	14,110	...	...	30.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,790	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	360	...	...	0.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	710	...	...	1.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,255	...	...	2.7	...	...
One-person households	16,545	...	...	35.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	83,645	42,505	41,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,310	41,935	40,375	98.4	98.7	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,000	35,200	42,000	50,000	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,320	41,940	40,380	98.4	98.7	98.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,800	32,000	37,200	42,800	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,575	38,345	35,225	88.0	90.2	85.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	44,400	27,000	34,400	44,400	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,335	31,840	27,495	70.9	74.9	66.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	49,200	30,600	38,800	49,200	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,055	32,250	34,810	80.2	75.9	84.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700	11,100	12,000	11,700	11,100	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,000	6,130	4,865	13.2	14.4	11.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,640	5,520	5,600	5,640	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,900	12,195	9,710	26.2	28.7	23.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,520	6,500	6,000	5,520	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	83,645	42,520	41,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,300	41,975	40,325	98.4	98.7	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,680	59,750	41,240	50,680	59,750	41,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,305	41,980	40,325	98.4	98.7	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,640	47,560	35,480	41,640	47,560	35,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,620	38,515	35,100	88.0	90.6	85.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,080	54,600	34,600	45,080	54,600	34,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,325	31,920	27,405	70.9	75.1	66.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	56,650	37,040	47,600	56,650	37,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,005	32,305	34,705	80.1	76.0	84.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,720	12,530	12,900	12,720	12,530	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,865	6,105	4,760	13.0	14.4	11.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,240	6,750	7,880	7,240	6,750	7,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,435	12,045	9,390	25.6	28.3	22.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	6,570	7,670	7,050	6,570	7,670
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	83,645	42,520	41,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,715	15,375	12,340	33.1	36.2	30.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	67,500	49,200	58,000	67,500	49,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,200	75,100	55,100	66,200	75,100	55,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,780	12,795	11,985	29.6	30.1	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000	32,400	18,000	23,000	32,400	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,520	45,880	24,520	35,520	45,880	24,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.6	83.8	73.0	79.6	83.8	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.8	72.0	61.1	67.8	72.0	61.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.4	16.2	27.0	20.4	16.2	27.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.6	2.3	1.9	1.6	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.3	3.6	5.4	4.3	3.6	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	3.2	4.3	3.6	3.2	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	83,645	42,510	41,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,335	570	760	1.6	1.3	1.8
With total income	82,310	41,935	40,380	98.4	98.6	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,445	2,140	3,305	6.6	5.1	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	10,250	3,880	6,365	12.5	9.3	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	13,350	5,965	7,385	16.2	14.2	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	10,215	4,325	5,890	12.4	10.3	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,060	4,590	5,470	12.2	10.9	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,170	4,255	3,915	9.9	10.1	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,305	3,730	2,580	7.7	8.9	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,585	2,980	1,610	5.6	7.1	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,575	2,230	1,345	4.3	5.3	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,640	1,745	900	3.2	4.2	2.2
$100,000 and over	7,730	6,100	1,630	9.4	14.5	4.0
$100,000 to $149,999	5,920	4,655	1,265	7.2	11.1	3.1
$150,000 and over	1,805	1,445	365	2.2	3.4	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	83,645	42,510	41,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,325	565	760	1.6	1.3	1.8
With after-tax income	82,315	41,940	40,380	98.4	98.7	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,700	2,230	3,475	6.9	5.3	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	10,750	4,130	6,620	13.1	9.8	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	15,410	6,795	8,615	18.7	16.2	21.3
$30,000 to $39,999	13,235	5,930	7,310	16.1	14.1	18.1
$40,000 to $49,999	12,005	6,245	5,760	14.6	14.9	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,725	5,255	3,465	10.6	12.5	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,735	3,575	2,165	7.0	8.5	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,055	2,620	1,435	4.9	6.2	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,560	1,890	670	3.1	4.5	1.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,620	1,290	325	2.0	3.1	0.8
$100,000 and over	2,525	1,980	545	3.1	4.7	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,630	1,320	310	2.0	3.1	0.8
$125,000 and over	895	660	240	1.1	1.6	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	83,645	42,510	41,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,305	10,670	13,640	29.1	25.1	33.2
With employment income	59,335	31,835	27,500	70.9	74.9	66.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,870	3,460	3,410	11.6	10.9	12.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,285	1,695	2,585	7.2	5.3	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,105	2,925	4,180	12.0	9.2	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	5,980	2,580	3,400	10.1	8.1	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	6,095	2,680	3,420	10.3	8.4	12.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,805	2,770	3,035	9.8	8.7	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	4,975	2,840	2,140	8.4	8.9	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,125	2,640	1,490	7.0	8.3	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,125	2,065	1,065	5.3	6.5	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,770	1,730	1,035	4.7	5.4	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,995	1,390	610	3.4	4.4	2.2
$100,000 and over	6,205	5,070	1,135	10.5	15.9	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,195	2,560	635	5.4	8.0	2.3
$125,000 and over	3,010	2,515	495	5.1	7.9	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	83,645	42,505	41,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,325	41,450	39,870	97.2	97.5	96.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	49,200	31,800	39,600	49,200	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,365	41,455	39,905	97.3	97.5	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,000	29,000	34,800	42,000	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,600	37,970	34,630	86.8	89.3	84.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	46,000	27,800	35,200	46,000	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,115	32,195	27,920	71.9	75.7	67.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	50,400	29,800	38,400	50,400	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,490	28,225	32,265	72.3	66.4	78.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,400	9,100	9,600	9,400	9,100	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,505	6,520	4,985	13.8	15.3	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,520	5,280	5,400	5,520	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	83,645	42,520	41,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,285	41,440	39,845	97.2	97.5	96.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,000	59,250	38,320	49,000	59,250	38,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,320	41,440	39,875	97.2	97.5	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,800	32,920	40,000	46,800	32,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,735	38,155	34,575	87.0	89.7	84.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,920	56,400	34,320	45,920	56,400	34,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,270	32,375	27,895	72.1	76.1	67.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,480	57,500	35,800	47,480	57,500	35,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,525	28,365	32,165	72.4	66.7	78.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,620	10,650	10,590	10,620	10,650	10,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,410	6,635	4,775	13.6	15.6	11.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,160	6,720	7,770	7,160	6,720	7,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	83,645	42,520	41,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,635	15,330	12,305	33.0	36.1	29.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	66,000	45,600	56,000	66,000	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,400	73,600	50,640	63,400	73,600	50,640
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,695	12,240	11,450	28.3	28.8	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,400	38,800	20,400	27,400	38,800	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,960	52,000	27,080	39,960	52,000	27,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.8	87.6	77.6	83.8	87.6	77.6
Employment income (%)	71.8	75.8	65.4	71.8	75.8	65.4
Government transfers (%)	16.2	12.3	22.3	16.2	12.3	22.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.8	2.4	2.1	1.8	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	89,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,300	...	...	73,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,480	...	...	47,480	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,800	...	...	91,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	645	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,125	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,070	...	...	6.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,825	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,725	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,345	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,265	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,980	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,755	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,370	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,105	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,660	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,520	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,890	...	...	34.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,045	...	...	10.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,730	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,375	...	...	9.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,745	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	335	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	665	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,185	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,270	...	...	7.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,190	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,225	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,835	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,650	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,370	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,405	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,910	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,530	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,055	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,640	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,320	...	...	24.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,020	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,170	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,130	...	...	6.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,200	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,370	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,125	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,910	10,265	8,645	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	43,200	32,000	37,600	43,200	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	37,600	29,800	33,600	37,600	29,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,280	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,300	...	...	112,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,900	...	...	91,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,300	...	...	96,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...	79,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,600	...	...	149,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,600	...	...	120,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,100	...	...	74,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,750	...	...	63,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,990	10,165	8,820	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,520	51,650	40,600	46,520	51,650	40,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,880	42,120	35,160	38,880	42,120	35,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	101,275	51,435	49,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,920	10,600	10,320	20.7	20.6	20.7
0 to 5 years	6,470	3,305	3,165	6.4	6.4	6.4
18 to 64 years	60,070	30,730	29,340	59.3	59.7	58.9
65 years and over	20,285	10,105	10,180	20.0	19.6	20.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,100	5,670	6,435	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,785	925	860	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	610	305	305	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,330	2,565	2,770	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,980	2,180	2,800	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.0	11.0	12.9	12.0	11.0	12.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.5	8.7	8.3	8.5	8.7	8.3
0 to 5 years (%)	9.4	9.2	9.7	9.4	9.2	9.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	8.3	9.4	8.9	8.3	9.4
65 years and over (%)	24.6	21.6	27.5	24.6	21.6	27.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	99,715	50,690	49,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,485	10,415	10,080	20.5	20.5	20.6
0 to 5 years	6,365	3,265	3,100	6.4	6.4	6.3
18 to 64 years	59,135	30,280	28,860	59.3	59.7	58.9
65 years and over	20,090	10,005	10,085	20.1	19.7	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,425	1,275	1,150	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	325	160	170	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	85	50	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,875	1,005	870	...	...	...
65 years and over	225	110	110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.4	1.5	1.2	1.4	1.5	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	101,275	51,435	49,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	54,865	27,040	27,825	54.2	52.6	55.8
In bottom decile	9,700	4,580	5,120	9.6	8.9	10.3
In second decile	11,420	5,470	5,945	11.3	10.6	11.9
In third decile	10,840	5,305	5,535	10.7	10.3	11.1
In fourth decile	11,305	5,695	5,615	11.2	11.1	11.3
In fifth decile	11,600	5,995	5,600	11.5	11.7	11.2
In top half of the distribution	46,410	24,395	22,015	45.8	47.4	44.2
In sixth decile	11,470	6,045	5,425	11.3	11.8	10.9
In seventh decile	10,775	5,595	5,175	10.6	10.9	10.4
In eighth decile	10,240	5,335	4,900	10.1	10.4	9.8
In ninth decile	8,525	4,540	3,980	8.4	8.8	8.0
In top decile	5,405	2,875	2,530	5.3	5.6	5.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	101,275	...	...	101,275	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428	...	...	0.428	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.260	...	...	0.260	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	102,745	51,920	50,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,965	995	965	1.9	1.9	1.9
French only	70,420	33,760	36,660	68.5	65.0	72.1
English and French	30,275	17,100	13,170	29.5	32.9	25.9
Neither English nor French	95	70	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	102,745	51,920	50,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,005	1,980	2,025	3.9	3.8	4.0
French	98,275	49,685	48,595	95.6	95.7	95.6
English and French	380	195	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	102,745	51,920	50,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,575	51,280	50,290	98.9	98.8	98.9
Official languages	100,170	50,530	49,645	97.5	97.3	97.7
English	3,550	1,690	1,855	3.5	3.3	3.6
French	96,620	48,840	47,785	94.0	94.1	94.0
Non-official languages	1,405	755	650	1.4	1.5	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	295	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	285	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	190	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	180	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,110	620	485	1.1	1.2	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	310	175	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	285	160	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	285	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	100	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	65	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	480	260	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	330	185	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,170	635	530	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and French	885	485	400	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	102,745	51,920	50,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,000	1,505	1,495	2.9	2.9	2.9
French	94,950	47,860	47,090	92.4	92.2	92.7
Non-official language	245	165	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	225	155	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	3,325	1,765	1,550	3.2	3.4	3.0
English and non-official language(s)	190	120	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	705	340	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	325	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	102,745	51,920	50,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,710	51,420	50,290	99.0	99.0	98.9
Official languages	101,220	51,115	50,105	98.5	98.4	98.6
English	3,685	1,850	1,830	3.6	3.6	3.6
French	97,535	49,260	48,270	94.9	94.9	95.0
Non-official languages	490	305	190	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	440	280	165	0.4	0.5	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	45	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	45	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	210	125	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	180	110	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	155	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,040	505	535	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and French	740	370	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	220	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	102,745	51,920	50,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	99,145	50,000	49,140	96.5	96.3	96.7
English	2,160	1,195	960	2.1	2.3	1.9
French	690	340	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	505	265	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	375	195	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	101,240	51,420	49,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	101,135	51,350	49,785	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	31,985	18,065	13,925	31.6	35.1	27.9
French	99,230	50,425	48,805	98.0	98.1	98.0
Non-official languages	3,355	1,745	1,615	3.3	3.4	3.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	525	220	310	0.5	0.4	0.6
Algonquian languages	510	220	300	0.5	0.4	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	225	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Atikamekw	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree languages	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	355	150	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	340	135	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,845	1,525	1,320	2.8	3.0	2.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	515	265	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	485	250	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	485	250	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	115	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,845	990	855	1.8	1.9	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	145	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,645	865	775	1.6	1.7	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	140	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,510	780	730	1.5	1.5	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	160	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,235	51,415	49,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,460	2,695	2,770	5.4	5.2	5.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,215	2,575	2,635	5.2	5.0	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,505	1,665	1,835	3.5	3.2	3.7
Métis	1,700	900	800	1.7	1.8	1.6
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	95,775	48,725	47,055	94.6	94.8	94.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,235	51,415	49,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,135	1,500	1,635	3.1	2.9	3.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	98,100	49,920	48,190	96.9	97.1	96.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,195	...	...	68.8	...	...
Renter	14,220	...	...	30.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	350	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,110	...	...	6.7	...	...
Not condominium	43,650	...	...	93.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	5,550	...	...	11.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,015	...	...	27.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,855	...	...	33.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,210	...	...	26.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,905	...	...	27.6	...	...
5 rooms	7,920	...	...	16.9	...	...
6 rooms	6,265	...	...	13.4	...	...
7 rooms	5,615	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,060	...	...	30.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,590	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	45,975	...	...	98.3	...	...
Not suitable	790	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	14,305	...	...	30.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,860	...	...	31.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,205	...	...	15.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,415	...	...	9.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,085	...	...	2.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,345	...	...	2.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,025	...	...	4.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,525	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,170	...	...	92.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,595	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,025	...	...	57.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,115	...	...	40.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	630	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,970	...	...	4.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,350	...	...	13.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,540	...	...	16.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,100	...	...	15.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,155	...	...	21.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,280	...	...	17.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,310	...	...	9.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,055	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	41,280	...	...	90.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,500	...	...	9.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,205	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,320	...	...	17.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,080	...	...	8.7	...	...
Not suitable only	590	...	...	1.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,095	...	...	6.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	360	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	38,440	...	...	82.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,925	...	...	4.2	...	...
Not in core need	43,560	...	...	95.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,700	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.6	...	...	57.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	939	...	...	939	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	220,000	...	...	220,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	231,400	...	...	231,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,165	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.7	...	...	19.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	655	...	...	655	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	688	...	...	688	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	350	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	408	...	...	408	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	406	...	...	406	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	101,240	51,415	49,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,735	2,385	2,345	4.7	4.6	4.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,710	2,380	2,325	4.7	4.6	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,180	2,085	2,090	4.1	4.1	4.2
Métis single ancestry	515	290	225	0.5	0.6	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,090	1,990	2,105	4.0	3.9	4.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,040	1,960	2,080	4.0	3.8	4.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,510	1,700	1,810	3.5	3.3	3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	525	260	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	92,415	47,045	45,370	91.3	91.5	91.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	101,240	51,415	49,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	100,010	50,670	49,345	98.8	98.6	99.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,775	10,590	10,185	20.5	20.6	20.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,235	40,075	39,160	78.3	77.9	78.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,230	745	480	1.2	1.4	1.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	101,240	51,415	49,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	99,010	50,145	48,860	97.8	97.5	98.1
Immigrants⁸¹	1,495	780	715	1.5	1.5	1.4
Before 1980	260	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
1980 to 1990	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001 to 2010	350	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	635	335	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
2011 to 2015	245	135	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
2016 to 2021	390	200	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	735	490	245	0.7	1.0	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,500	785	715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	165	95	75	11.0	12.1	10.5
5 to 14 years	215	75	135	14.3	9.6	18.9
15 to 24 years	205	120	90	13.7	15.3	12.6
25 to 44 years	820	450	375	54.7	57.3	52.4
45 years and over	90	40	50	6.0	5.1	7.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,500	785	715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	285	115	170	19.0	14.6	23.8
Brazil	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Colombia	20	10	15	1.3	1.3	2.1
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	55	25	30	3.7	3.2	4.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	0	30	2.3	0.0	4.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	50	20	30	3.3	2.5	4.2
Other places of birth in Americas	95	40	60	6.3	5.1	8.4
Europe	495	305	185	33.0	38.9	25.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	255	170	90	17.0	21.7	12.6
Germany	50	35	15	3.3	4.5	2.1
Greece	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.4
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	30	0	2.0	3.8	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	0	20	1.7	0.0	2.8
Other places of birth in Europe	85	40	45	5.7	5.1	6.3
Africa	530	280	250	35.3	35.7	35.0
Algeria	90	45	40	6.0	5.7	5.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	25	20	2.7	3.2	2.8
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	100	65	40	6.7	8.3	5.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	300	150	150	20.0	19.1	21.0
Asia	180	80	100	12.0	10.2	14.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	45	20	30	3.0	2.5	4.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	10	30	3.0	1.3	4.2
Viet Nam	20	10	15	1.3	1.3	2.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	15	10	1.7	1.9	1.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	390	200	190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	55	20	35	14.1	10.0	18.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	10	3.8	5.0	5.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	10	6.4	5.0	5.3
Europe	85	55	25	21.8	27.5	13.2
France	75	50	20	19.2	25.0	10.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	205	105	100	52.6	52.5	52.6
Algeria	15	10	0	3.8	5.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	65	30	40	16.7	15.0	21.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	20	15	7.7	10.0	7.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	35	30	16.7	17.5	15.8
Asia	45	15	25	11.5	7.5	13.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	15	5.1	0.0	7.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	101,235	51,420	49,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,440	1,340	1,100	2.4	2.6	2.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,990	1,100	885	2.0	2.1	1.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	96,810	48,975	47,840	95.6	95.2	96.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,235	645	595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	735	415	320	59.5	64.3	53.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	405	305	100	32.8	47.3	16.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	330	110	215	26.7	17.1	36.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	415	180	235	33.6	27.9	39.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	75	35	40	6.1	5.4	6.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,235	645	595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	10	10	2.0	1.6	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	180	100	80	14.6	15.5	13.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	25	20	3.2	3.9	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	145	115	30	11.7	17.8	5.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	10	1.2	1.6	1.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	835	385	450	67.6	59.7	75.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	101,235	51,420	49,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,820	955	865	1.8	1.9	1.7
South Asian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese	115	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	680	375	300	0.7	0.7	0.6
Filipino	120	90	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab	425	230	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin American	265	120	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	99,420	50,460	48,955	98.2	98.1	98.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	101,240	51,420	49,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	41,060	20,700	20,355	40.6	40.3	40.9
English	1,170	595	570	1.2	1.2	1.1
Irish	3,815	1,810	2,005	3.8	3.5	4.0
Scottish	1,370	700	675	1.4	1.4	1.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,300	11,590	10,710	22.0	22.5	21.5
German	885	445	435	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	695	370	320	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indian (India)	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	175	125	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dutch	115	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	415	255	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Québécois	16,065	8,020	8,035	15.9	15.6	16.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	195	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	9,035	4,560	4,470	8.9	8.9	9.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,860	1,460	1,400	2.8	2.8	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,155	1,480	1,675	3.1	2.9	3.4
Métis	1,080	560	530	1.1	1.1	1.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,535	835	700	1.5	1.6	1.4
Russian	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	590	250	345	0.6	0.5	0.7
Spanish	285	160	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	495	220	280	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,505	775	735	1.5	1.5	1.5
Danish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,005	540	455	1.0	1.1	0.9
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	270	120	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian	110	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	445	235	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	255	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Czech	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Newfoundlander	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	220	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Persian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	2,165	1,050	1,120	2.1	2.0	2.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	265	150	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	245	130	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	95	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamileke	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	101,240	51,415	49,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian	73,255	36,605	36,645	72.4	71.2	73.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,105	2,105	2,000	4.1	4.1	4.0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	155	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baptist	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	67,710	33,770	33,945	66.9	65.7	68.1
Christian Orthodox	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	230	130	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Presbyterian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	490	265	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	540	295	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	270	105	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	27,005	14,330	12,675	26.7	27.9	25.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	100,185	50,865	49,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	90,490	46,270	44,225	90.3	91.0	89.7
Movers	9,695	4,595	5,100	9.7	9.0	10.3
Non-migrants	5,690	2,595	3,090	5.7	5.1	6.3
Migrants	4,005	1,995	2,010	4.0	3.9	4.1
Internal migrants	3,795	1,885	1,910	3.8	3.7	3.9
Intraprovincial migrants	3,455	1,715	1,745	3.4	3.4	3.5
Interprovincial migrants	340	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	95,985	48,715	47,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	63,385	32,630	30,760	66.0	67.0	65.1
Movers	32,605	16,085	16,520	34.0	33.0	34.9
Non-migrants	16,160	7,890	8,265	16.8	16.2	17.5
Migrants	16,445	8,195	8,250	17.1	16.8	17.5
Internal migrants	15,620	7,700	7,920	16.3	15.8	16.8
Intraprovincial migrants	14,720	7,245	7,470	15.3	14.9	15.8
Interprovincial migrants	900	455	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	830	500	330	0.9	1.0	0.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	83,645	42,520	41,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	24,755	14,515	10,235	29.6	34.1	24.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,895	28,000	30,895	70.4	65.9	75.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,990	26,970	26,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,865	7,365	4,500	22.4	27.3	17.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,130	19,605	21,520	77.6	72.7	82.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	83,645	42,520	41,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,310	11,820	9,480	25.5	27.8	23.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,775	7,710	9,065	20.1	18.1	22.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,560	22,985	22,580	54.5	54.1	54.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,930	18,880	16,050	41.8	44.4	39.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,755	12,570	7,185	23.6	29.6	17.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,895	8,720	6,170	17.8	20.5	15.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,860	3,850	1,015	5.8	9.1	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,570	5,435	7,135	15.0	12.8	17.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,610	875	1,740	3.1	2.1	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,630	4,105	6,525	12.7	9.7	15.9
Bachelor's degree	7,595	2,760	4,835	9.1	6.5	11.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	880	315	570	1.1	0.7	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	360	155	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	1,500	710	785	1.8	1.7	1.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	285	165	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,995	26,970	26,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,490	5,555	3,935	17.9	20.6	15.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,925	4,160	4,760	16.8	15.4	18.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,580	17,260	17,320	65.3	64.0	66.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,010	14,155	11,850	49.1	52.5	45.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,260	9,550	5,710	28.8	35.4	21.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,675	6,750	4,930	22.0	25.0	18.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,585	2,805	780	6.8	10.4	3.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,010	4,020	4,985	17.0	14.9	19.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,735	585	1,155	3.3	2.2	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,570	3,100	5,475	16.2	11.5	21.0
Bachelor's degree	6,010	2,035	3,975	11.3	7.5	15.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	715	245	470	1.3	0.9	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300	110	195	0.6	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	1,305	585	720	2.5	2.2	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	240	130	110	0.5	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	83,645	42,515	41,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,085	19,535	18,550	45.5	45.9	45.1
Education	3,845	780	3,065	4.6	1.8	7.5
13. Education	3,845	780	3,065	4.6	1.8	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	910	365	550	1.1	0.9	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	85	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	795	280	515	1.0	0.7	1.3
Humanities	1,410	540	870	1.7	1.3	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	985	360	625	1.2	0.8	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,465	515	1,955	2.9	1.2	4.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	240	80	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	780	25	760	0.9	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	315	85	230	0.4	0.2	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	610	85	520	0.7	0.2	1.3
45. Social sciences	395	200	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Business, management and public administration	9,400	2,410	6,995	11.2	5.7	17.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	980	155	825	1.2	0.4	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,420	2,260	6,165	10.1	5.3	15.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,015	620	395	1.2	1.5	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	215	130	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	260	100	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
40. Physical sciences	370	290	80	0.4	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	570	360	210	0.7	0.8	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	410	305	110	0.5	0.7	0.3
25. Library science	100	10	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,645	12,630	1,010	16.3	29.7	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	995	860	130	1.2	2.0	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,805	3,330	470	4.5	7.8	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,875	2,780	95	3.4	6.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,635	3,460	165	4.3	8.1	0.4
48. Precision production	2,195	2,135	55	2.6	5.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,340	1,620	720	2.8	3.8	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	795	470	325	1.0	1.1	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,540	1,145	395	1.8	2.7	1.0
Health and related fields	5,370	830	4,540	6.4	2.0	11.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	230	130	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,920	625	4,295	5.9	1.5	10.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	200	75	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,565	2,310	2,260	5.5	5.4	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,210	380	1,825	2.6	0.9	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	850	565	280	1.0	1.3	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,475	1,340	135	1.8	3.2	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,995	26,970	26,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,415	9,715	8,700	34.7	36.0	33.4
Education	2,455	445	2,005	4.6	1.6	7.7
13. Education	2,455	445	2,005	4.6	1.6	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	710	285	425	1.3	1.1	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	60	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	630	225	405	1.2	0.8	1.6
Humanities	870	335	535	1.6	1.2	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	595	230	365	1.1	0.9	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,955	370	1,590	3.7	1.4	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	55	135	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	605	20	590	1.1	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	245	50	190	0.5	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	505	60	445	1.0	0.2	1.7
45. Social sciences	300	140	160	0.6	0.5	0.6
Business, management and public administration	7,365	1,715	5,655	13.9	6.4	21.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	830	125	710	1.6	0.5	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,540	1,590	4,945	12.3	5.9	19.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	665	435	230	1.3	1.6	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	190	110	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	305	235	70	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	435	295	145	0.8	1.1	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	355	275	75	0.7	1.0	0.3
25. Library science	70	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,715	9,840	875	20.2	36.5	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	125	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
14. Engineering	875	750	130	1.7	2.8	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,060	2,640	415	5.8	9.8	1.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,220	2,145	70	4.2	8.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,810	2,680	130	5.3	9.9	0.5
48. Precision production	1,630	1,575	55	3.1	5.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,835	1,200	630	3.5	4.4	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	640	370	270	1.2	1.4	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,195	835	365	2.3	3.1	1.4
Health and related fields	4,010	590	3,420	7.6	2.2	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,670	445	3,225	6.9	1.6	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	170	60	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,540	1,745	1,790	6.7	6.5	6.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,760	275	1,485	3.3	1.0	5.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
43. Security and protective services	655	455	195	1.2	1.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,100	1,005	95	2.1	3.7	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	52,995	26,970	26,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,415	9,715	8,700	34.7	36.0	33.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,580	17,255	17,325	65.3	64.0	66.6
Location of study inside Canada	33,850	16,795	17,055	63.9	62.3	65.5
Same as province or territory of residence	32,310	16,135	16,175	61.0	59.8	62.2
Different than province or territory of residence	1,540	660	880	2.9	2.4	3.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	730	465	270	1.4	1.7	1.0
Americas	105	75	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
United States of America	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexico	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Europe	245	135	110	0.5	0.5	0.4
Belgium	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	185	105	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	260	170	90	0.5	0.6	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	100	75	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Asia	120	85	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	83,645	42,520	41,125	...	...	...
In the labour force	52,410	27,930	24,485	...	...	...
Employed	49,400	26,110	23,295	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,005	1,815	1,190	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,235	14,590	16,650	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.7	65.7	59.5	62.7	65.7	59.5
Employment rate	59.1	61.4	56.6	59.1	61.4	56.6
Unemployment rate	5.7	6.5	4.9	5.7	6.5	4.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	83,645	42,515	41,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,940	13,720	16,220	35.8	32.3	39.4
Worked	53,705	28,795	24,910	64.2	67.7	60.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,165	15,605	12,555	33.7	36.7	30.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,540	13,190	12,350	30.5	31.0	30.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.5	41.4	41.5	41.5	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	52,405	27,925	24,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	760	410	355	1.5	1.5	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	51,650	27,520	24,130	98.6	98.5	98.6
Employee	46,680	24,725	21,955	89.1	88.5	89.7
Permanent position	38,970	20,990	17,980	74.4	75.2	73.4
Temporary position	7,710	3,735	3,975	14.7	13.4	16.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,355	980	1,375	4.5	3.5	5.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,360	2,755	2,600	10.2	9.9	10.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,965	2,795	2,170	9.5	10.0	8.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	52,405	27,925	24,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	760	410	355	1.5	1.5	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	51,650	27,520	24,130	98.6	98.5	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	735	500	240	1.4	1.8	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,490	1,940	5,550	14.3	6.9	22.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,930	2,210	725	5.6	7.9	3.0
3 Health occupations	4,070	580	3,490	7.8	2.1	14.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,550	1,475	5,075	12.5	5.3	20.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	790	395	395	1.5	1.4	1.6
6 Sales and service occupations	11,645	4,705	6,940	22.2	16.8	28.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,550	10,565	985	22.0	37.8	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,770	3,420	350	7.2	12.2	1.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,120	1,735	385	4.0	6.2	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	52,405	27,925	24,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	760	410	355	1.5	1.5	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	51,650	27,520	24,130	98.6	98.5	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,980	1,480	500	3.8	5.3	2.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,205	4,660	545	9.9	16.7	2.2
22 Utilities	910	720	190	1.7	2.6	0.8
23 Construction	3,950	3,425	525	7.5	12.3	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	4,310	3,325	980	8.2	11.9	4.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,485	1,125	355	2.8	4.0	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	6,055	2,655	3,405	11.6	9.5	13.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,115	1,550	570	4.0	5.6	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	345	205	140	0.7	0.7	0.6
52 Finance and insurance	910	245	665	1.7	0.9	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	485	295	185	0.9	1.1	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,865	845	1,020	3.6	3.0	4.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,675	925	750	3.2	3.3	3.1
61 Educational services	4,015	990	3,025	7.7	3.5	12.4
62 Health care and social assistance	7,620	1,060	6,560	14.5	3.8	26.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	470	265	210	0.9	0.9	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,615	1,005	1,615	5.0	3.6	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,280	1,180	1,090	4.4	4.2	4.5
91 Public administration	3,335	1,565	1,770	6.4	5.6	7.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	56,830	30,370	26,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,555	930	630	2.7	3.1	2.4
French	48,275	25,340	22,930	84.9	83.4	86.7
Non-official language	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,805	3,985	2,820	12.0	13.1	10.7
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	56,830	30,370	26,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,965	29,845	26,120	98.5	98.3	98.7
Official languages	55,895	29,790	26,110	98.4	98.1	98.7
English	2,485	1,525	965	4.4	5.0	3.6
French	53,415	28,265	25,145	94.0	93.1	95.0
Non-official languages	65	60	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	50	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	50	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	865	525	345	1.5	1.7	1.3
English and French	850	515	335	1.5	1.7	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	56,830	30,370	26,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,700	26,800	23,900	89.2	88.2	90.3
English	5,075	2,900	2,175	8.9	9.5	8.2
French	945	620	325	1.7	2.0	1.2
Non-official language	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,400	26,110	23,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,185	2,290	2,890	10.5	8.8	12.4
Worked outside Canada	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,145	4,805	1,340	12.4	18.4	5.8
Usual place of work	38,040	18,985	19,055	77.0	72.7	81.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,040	18,985	19,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	23,615	10,795	12,820	62.1	56.9	67.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,300	3,865	4,435	21.8	20.4	23.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,570	3,900	1,670	14.6	20.5	8.8
Commute to a different province or territory	555	430	125	1.5	2.3	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	44,180	23,785	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	38,010	20,365	17,650	86.0	85.6	86.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,700	19,280	16,425	80.8	81.1	80.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,310	1,085	1,225	5.2	4.6	6.0
Public transit	770	565	205	1.7	2.4	1.0
Walked	3,550	1,500	2,055	8.0	6.3	10.1
Bicycle	270	210	60	0.6	0.9	0.3
Other method	1,575	1,150	420	3.6	4.8	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	44,180	23,785	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	22,240	10,480	11,760	50.3	44.1	57.7
15 to 29 minutes	11,400	5,765	5,640	25.8	24.2	27.7
30 to 44 minutes	4,490	2,645	1,850	10.2	11.1	9.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,870	1,320	550	4.2	5.5	2.7
60 minutes and over	4,175	3,580	600	9.4	15.1	2.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	44,180	23,785	20,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,135	3,630	505	9.4	15.3	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,480	4,685	1,800	14.7	19.7	8.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,095	6,590	7,500	31.9	27.7	36.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,400	3,345	6,060	21.3	14.1	29.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,285	1,310	1,970	7.4	5.5	9.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,790	4,225	2,570	15.4	17.8	12.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,300	10,795	10,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,895	920	975	8.9	8.5	9.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,405	9,870	9,535	91.1	91.4	90.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,555	7,855	7,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,425	690	730	9.2	8.8	9.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	875	415	465	5.6	5.3	6.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	545	280	270	3.5	3.6	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,135	7,165	6,970	90.9	91.2	90.5

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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