Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Abitibi--Baie-James--Nunavik--EeyouMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	89,087	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	87,787	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	38,269	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	34,191	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.1	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	731,401.36	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	89,090	45,285	43,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,470	10,515	9,960	23.0	23.2	22.7
0 to 4 years	6,935	3,590	3,345	7.8	7.9	7.6
5 to 9 years	6,595	3,300	3,295	7.4	7.3	7.5
10 to 14 years	6,940	3,620	3,315	7.8	8.0	7.6
15 to 64 years	55,965	28,585	27,385	62.8	63.1	62.5
15 to 19 years	5,840	3,095	2,745	6.6	6.8	6.3
20 to 24 years	5,440	2,805	2,630	6.1	6.2	6.0
25 to 29 years	6,005	2,930	3,085	6.7	6.5	7.0
30 to 34 years	5,955	3,005	2,950	6.7	6.6	6.7
35 to 39 years	5,380	2,750	2,625	6.0	6.1	6.0
40 to 44 years	5,315	2,670	2,650	6.0	5.9	6.1
45 to 49 years	5,115	2,615	2,500	5.7	5.8	5.7
50 to 54 years	5,135	2,580	2,555	5.8	5.7	5.8
55 to 59 years	5,970	3,110	2,865	6.7	6.9	6.5
60 to 64 years	5,820	3,035	2,785	6.5	6.7	6.4
65 years and over	12,650	6,190	6,460	14.2	13.7	14.7
65 to 69 years	4,490	2,315	2,180	5.0	5.1	5.0
70 to 74 years	3,415	1,760	1,660	3.8	3.9	3.8
75 to 79 years	2,260	1,070	1,190	2.5	2.4	2.7
80 to 84 years	1,330	605	725	1.5	1.3	1.7
85 years and over	1,150	440	705	1.3	1.0	1.6
85 to 89 years	775	310	465	0.9	0.7	1.1
90 to 94 years	295	105	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
95 to 99 years	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.0	23.2	22.7	23.0	23.2	22.7
15 to 64 years	62.8	63.1	62.5	62.8	63.1	62.5
65 years and over	14.2	13.7	14.7	14.2	13.7	14.7
85 years and over	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
Average age of the population	37.2	36.9	37.6	37.2	36.9	37.6
Median age of the population	35.6	35.6	36.0	35.6	35.6	36.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	34,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,615	...	...	54.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,820	...	...	11.2	...	...
Row house	835	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,465	...	...	7.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,870	...	...	20.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	230	...	...	0.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,240	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	34,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,595	...	...	31.0	...	...
2 persons	10,775	...	...	31.5	...	...
3 persons	4,470	...	...	13.1	...	...
4 persons	3,985	...	...	11.7	...	...
5 or more persons	4,370	...	...	12.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	87,975	44,805	43,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	68,615	34,770	33,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	37,995	19,015	18,975	55.4	54.7	56.1
Married	18,350	9,245	9,110	26.7	26.6	26.9
Living common-law	19,640	9,775	9,865	28.6	28.1	29.1
Living common law - Never married	17,045	8,485	8,560	24.8	24.4	25.3
Living common law - Separated	230	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	2,050	1,045	1,000	3.0	3.0	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	315	125	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	30,625	15,755	14,870	44.6	45.3	43.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,345	12,955	10,390	34.0	37.3	30.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	990	470	520	1.4	1.4	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,080	1,455	1,630	4.5	4.2	4.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,205	875	2,325	4.7	2.5	6.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	23,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,820	...	...	49.3	...	...
3 persons	4,865	...	...	20.3	...	...
4 persons	3,995	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,315	...	...	13.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	23,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	18,685	...	...	77.9	...	...
Married couples	8,865	...	...	37.0	...	...
With children⁶	4,180	...	...	17.4	...	...
Without children	4,690	...	...	19.5	...	...
Common-law couples	9,820	...	...	40.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,520	...	...	23.0	...	...
Without children	4,300	...	...	17.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,310	...	...	22.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,800	...	...	15.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,510	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	87,970	44,810	43,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	73,075	36,580	36,495	83.1	81.6	84.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	37,370	18,640	18,725	42.5	41.6	43.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,310	1,505	3,800	6.0	3.4	8.8
Children⁶	30,395	16,430	13,970	34.6	36.7	32.4
In a two-parent family	21,100	11,330	9,765	24.0	25.3	22.6
In a one-parent family	9,300	5,095	4,205	10.6	11.4	9.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,900	8,230	6,665	16.9	18.4	15.4
Living alone	10,590	5,945	4,650	12.0	13.3	10.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,870	1,425	1,450	3.3	3.2	3.4
Living with non-relatives only	1,435	860	570	1.6	1.9	1.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	34,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,185	...	...	59.0	...	...
Couple-family households	16,685	...	...	48.8	...	...
With children⁶	8,430	...	...	24.7	...	...
Without children	8,260	...	...	24.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,500	...	...	10.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,320	...	...	3.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	155	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,035	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	905	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	10,590	...	...	31.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	67,515	34,300	33,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,245	33,050	32,190	96.6	96.4	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	38,800	43,200	48,800	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,260	33,065	32,200	96.7	96.4	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	42,800	35,600	39,200	42,800	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,595	30,200	28,395	86.8	88.0	85.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	42,800	27,800	34,400	42,800	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,475	25,955	23,520	73.3	75.7	70.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	48,000	32,000	39,200	48,000	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,015	25,250	27,765	78.5	73.6	83.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,100	13,100	11,800	10,100	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,835	3,950	3,890	11.6	11.5	11.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,640	6,000	5,920	5,640	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,405	10,985	9,420	30.2	32.0	28.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	67,535	34,315	33,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,310	33,085	32,225	96.7	96.4	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,050	60,200	45,680	53,050	60,200	45,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,325	33,095	32,230	96.7	96.4	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,720	49,000	40,360	44,720	49,000	40,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,565	30,180	28,390	86.7	87.9	85.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,640	55,600	37,120	46,640	55,600	37,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,495	25,855	23,645	73.3	75.3	71.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,320	57,950	39,880	49,320	57,950	39,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,920	25,285	27,635	78.4	73.7	83.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,840	12,430	15,120	13,840	12,430	15,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,645	3,880	3,770	11.3	11.3	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,550	6,570	8,570	7,550	6,570	8,570
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,985	10,745	9,240	29.6	31.3	27.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,130	7,630	8,710	8,130	7,630	8,710
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	67,535	34,315	33,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,530	13,075	11,460	36.3	38.1	34.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	68,000	52,000	60,000	68,000	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,200	79,000	57,950	69,200	79,000	57,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,625	9,070	8,550	26.1	26.4	25.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	28,800	17,400	21,800	28,800	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,400	42,920	25,340	34,400	42,920	25,340
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	84.2	71.6	78.8	84.2	71.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.4	75.2	64.0	70.4	75.2	64.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.1	15.8	28.4	21.1	15.8	28.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.3	2.2	1.7	1.3	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.4	4.5	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.1	5.5	4.7	4.1	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	67,510	34,305	33,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,270	1,250	1,020	3.4	3.6	3.1
With total income	65,245	33,055	32,195	96.6	96.4	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,360	2,530	2,825	8.2	7.7	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,685	3,300	4,385	11.8	10.0	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	9,560	4,435	5,120	14.7	13.4	15.9
$30,000 to $39,999	7,595	3,345	4,250	11.6	10.1	13.2
$40,000 to $49,999	7,240	3,335	3,905	11.1	10.1	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,380	3,160	3,215	9.8	9.6	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,100	2,735	2,365	7.8	8.3	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,890	2,205	1,685	6.0	6.7	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,050	1,645	1,405	4.7	5.0	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,310	1,350	960	3.5	4.1	3.0
$100,000 and over	7,075	5,010	2,075	10.8	15.2	6.4
$100,000 to $149,999	5,415	3,715	1,705	8.3	11.2	5.3
$150,000 and over	1,665	1,300	365	2.6	3.9	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	67,510	34,305	33,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,250	1,240	1,010	3.3	3.6	3.0
With after-tax income	65,265	33,060	32,200	96.7	96.4	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,510	2,590	2,920	8.4	7.8	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	7,995	3,455	4,540	12.3	10.5	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	10,835	5,000	5,840	16.6	15.1	18.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,170	4,195	4,970	14.1	12.7	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	8,725	4,400	4,325	13.4	13.3	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,010	3,880	3,130	10.7	11.7	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,925	2,730	2,195	7.5	8.3	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,715	2,085	1,630	5.7	6.3	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,660	1,605	1,050	4.1	4.9	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,785	1,150	630	2.7	3.5	2.0
$100,000 and over	2,945	1,980	965	4.5	6.0	3.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,870	1,225	645	2.9	3.7	2.0
$125,000 and over	1,070	750	320	1.6	2.3	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	67,510	34,305	33,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	18,040	8,345	9,690	26.7	24.3	29.2
With employment income	49,475	25,960	23,515	73.3	75.7	70.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,280	3,015	3,270	12.7	11.6	13.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,085	1,815	2,270	8.3	7.0	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	5,715	2,555	3,165	11.6	9.8	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	4,565	2,035	2,530	9.2	7.8	10.8
$30,000 to $39,999	4,390	1,935	2,460	8.9	7.5	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,390	2,060	2,330	8.9	7.9	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,175	2,155	2,015	8.4	8.3	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,565	2,030	1,535	7.2	7.8	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,585	1,635	950	5.2	6.3	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,240	1,255	985	4.5	4.8	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,670	1,125	545	3.4	4.3	2.3
$100,000 and over	5,815	4,345	1,465	11.8	16.7	6.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,895	2,025	865	5.9	7.8	3.7
$125,000 and over	2,925	2,320	605	5.9	8.9	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	67,515	34,300	33,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,255	32,510	31,745	95.2	94.8	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	46,400	34,000	39,600	46,400	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,275	32,515	31,755	95.2	94.8	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,800	31,400	35,600	40,800	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,810	29,805	28,005	85.6	86.9	84.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	44,000	28,000	34,800	44,000	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,425	26,360	24,060	74.7	76.9	72.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	48,000	31,000	38,400	48,000	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,910	22,100	25,805	71.0	64.4	77.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	6,000	10,200	8,600	6,000	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,910	4,085	3,825	11.7	11.9	11.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,200	5,800	5,480	5,200	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	67,535	34,315	33,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,275	32,550	31,725	95.2	94.9	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,760	57,950	41,360	49,760	57,950	41,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,295	32,555	31,735	95.2	94.9	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560	46,560	36,440	41,560	46,560	36,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,710	29,735	27,975	85.5	86.7	84.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,360	56,250	35,880	46,360	56,250	35,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,305	26,265	24,040	74.5	76.5	72.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,360	57,800	38,080	48,360	57,800	38,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,850	21,980	25,875	70.9	64.1	77.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,930	9,740	11,940	10,930	9,740	11,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,770	3,880	3,885	11.5	11.3	11.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,740	6,800	8,680	7,740	6,800	8,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	67,535	34,315	33,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,425	13,015	11,410	36.2	37.9	34.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	66,500	48,000	56,800	66,500	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,700	76,600	53,300	65,700	76,600	53,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,830	8,755	8,075	24.9	25.5	24.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	34,000	20,600	25,800	34,000	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,520	48,120	28,080	38,520	48,120	28,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.6	88.6	76.4	83.6	88.6	76.4
Employment income (%)	76.0	80.4	69.8	76.0	80.4	69.8
Government transfers (%)	16.4	11.3	23.5	16.4	11.3	23.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.4	2.6	1.9	1.4	2.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	34,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	23,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	34,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,590	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,150	...	...	53,150	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,840	...	...	43,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	23,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,900	...	...	122,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...	104,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	34,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	410	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	655	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,745	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,165	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,060	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,395	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,310	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,270	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,500	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,250	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,150	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,995	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,850	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,015	...	...	41.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,030	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,170	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,870	...	...	11.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,940	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	34,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	270	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	410	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	690	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,865	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,380	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,330	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,610	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,620	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,520	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,920	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,555	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,460	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,400	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,125	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,865	...	...	31.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,135	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,735	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,995	...	...	11.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,025	6,805	5,225	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	46,400	35,200	40,400	46,400	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	40,000	31,800	36,000	40,000	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...	104,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,600	...	...	104,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,300	...	...	86,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,600	...	...	156,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,400	...	...	132,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,280	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...	84,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,100	...	...	76,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,040	6,955	5,085	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,950	58,000	43,680	51,950	58,000	43,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,000	46,840	37,760	43,000	46,840	37,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	87,970	44,810	43,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,140	12,465	11,670	27.4	27.8	27.0
0 to 5 years	8,240	4,255	3,985	9.4	9.5	9.2
18 to 64 years	52,045	26,465	25,580	59.2	59.1	59.3
65 years and over	11,785	5,880	5,910	13.4	13.1	13.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,570	4,530	5,035	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,640	1,360	1,280	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,000	505	495	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,425	2,140	2,285	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,500	1,035	1,470	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.9	10.1	11.7	10.9	10.1	11.7
0 to 17 years (%)	11.0	10.9	11.0	11.0	10.9	11.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.1	11.9	12.4	12.1	11.9	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	8.1	8.9	8.5	8.1	8.9
65 years and over (%)	21.2	17.6	24.8	21.2	17.6	24.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	69,640	35,675	33,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,340	8,965	8,375	24.9	25.1	24.7
0 to 5 years	6,015	3,105	2,905	8.6	8.7	8.6
18 to 64 years	41,675	21,390	20,285	59.8	60.0	59.7
65 years and over	10,625	5,320	5,310	15.3	14.9	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,830	995	835	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	395	225	165	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	145	85	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,310	710	600	...	...	...
65 years and over	120	55	65	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.5	2.0	2.3	2.5	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.6	2.2	2.4	2.6	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	87,970	44,810	43,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	43,380	21,470	21,915	49.3	47.9	50.8
In bottom decile	7,725	3,730	3,995	8.8	8.3	9.3
In second decile	8,735	4,155	4,580	9.9	9.3	10.6
In third decile	8,365	4,120	4,245	9.5	9.2	9.8
In fourth decile	8,985	4,535	4,450	10.2	10.1	10.3
In fifth decile	9,565	4,930	4,640	10.9	11.0	10.7
In top half of the distribution	44,590	23,340	21,250	50.7	52.1	49.2
In sixth decile	9,670	5,035	4,630	11.0	11.2	10.7
In seventh decile	9,495	4,905	4,585	10.8	10.9	10.6
In eighth decile	9,575	5,010	4,570	10.9	11.2	10.6
In ninth decile	9,050	4,735	4,320	10.3	10.6	10.0
In top decile	6,795	3,650	3,140	7.7	8.1	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	87,970	...	...	87,970	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.442	...	...	0.442	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	88,575	45,065	43,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	23,095	11,630	11,460	26.1	25.8	26.3
French only	38,195	18,695	19,500	43.1	41.5	44.8
English and French	25,075	13,620	11,460	28.3	30.2	26.3
Neither English nor French	2,210	1,125	1,085	2.5	2.5	2.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	88,575	45,065	43,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	26,245	13,195	13,050	29.6	29.3	30.0
French	55,385	28,410	26,970	62.5	63.0	62.0
English and French	4,780	2,360	2,420	5.4	5.2	5.6
Neither English nor French	2,175	1,105	1,070	2.5	2.5	2.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	88,575	45,065	43,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	85,995	43,720	42,275	97.1	97.0	97.2
Official languages	57,635	29,585	28,055	65.1	65.6	64.5
English	4,115	2,150	1,965	4.6	4.8	4.5
French	53,520	27,430	26,090	60.4	60.9	60.0
Non-official languages	28,360	14,140	14,215	32.0	31.4	32.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	27,305	13,545	13,760	30.8	30.1	31.6
Algonquian languages	15,005	7,475	7,535	16.9	16.6	17.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	14,560	7,250	7,315	16.4	16.1	16.8
Atikamekw	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	14,520	7,235	7,285	16.4	16.1	16.7
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	550	285	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	3,100	1,505	1,595	3.5	3.3	3.7
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	10,650	5,330	5,320	12.0	11.8	12.2
Innu (Montagnais)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	445	225	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	440	220	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	12,275	6,065	6,215	13.9	13.5	14.3
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	12,275	6,065	6,215	13.9	13.5	14.3
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,055	600	460	1.2	1.3	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	150	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	225	135	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	225	135	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	120	85	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	85	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	410	220	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	240	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	165	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	130	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,580	1,340	1,235	2.9	3.0	2.8
English and French	645	365	285	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,445	730	715	1.6	1.6	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	305	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	88,575	45,065	43,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,355	1,785	1,575	3.8	4.0	3.6
French	52,160	26,675	25,490	58.9	59.2	58.6
Non-official language	17,165	8,650	8,520	19.4	19.2	19.6
Indigenous³⁹	16,975	8,545	8,435	19.2	19.0	19.4
Non-Indigenous	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	2,445	1,320	1,125	2.8	2.9	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	11,180	5,475	5,705	12.6	12.1	13.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,030	535	495	1.2	1.2	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,160	585	575	1.3	1.3	1.3
Multiple non-official languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	88,575	45,065	43,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,660	43,080	41,580	95.6	95.6	95.6
Official languages	60,760	31,100	29,655	68.6	69.0	68.2
English	6,350	3,225	3,130	7.2	7.2	7.2
French	54,405	27,870	26,530	61.4	61.8	61.0
Non-official languages	23,905	11,980	11,920	27.0	26.6	27.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	23,490	11,745	11,745	26.5	26.1	27.0
Algonquian languages	11,905	5,965	5,940	13.4	13.2	13.7
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	11,755	5,895	5,860	13.3	13.1	13.5
Atikamekw	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	11,735	5,880	5,860	13.2	13.0	13.5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	555	295	265	0.6	0.7	0.6
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	2,440	1,175	1,265	2.8	2.6	2.9
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	8,585	4,325	4,265	9.7	9.6	9.8
Innu (Montagnais)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	11,570	5,765	5,800	13.1	12.8	13.3
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	11,570	5,765	5,800	13.1	12.8	13.3
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	420	240	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,915	1,985	1,935	4.4	4.4	4.4
English and French	620	330	290	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	2,860	1,435	1,425	3.2	3.2	3.3
French and non-official language(s)	270	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	65	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	88,580	45,065	43,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	76,270	38,905	37,360	86.1	86.3	85.9
English	7,600	3,810	3,790	8.6	8.5	8.7
French	790	430	360	0.9	1.0	0.8
Non-official language	3,045	1,485	1,560	3.4	3.3	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	2,640	1,265	1,380	3.0	2.8	3.2
Non-Indigenous	400	220	185	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and French	360	185	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	200	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	88,005	44,825	43,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	85,795	43,695	42,100	97.5	97.5	97.5
English	48,085	25,130	22,955	54.6	56.1	53.2
French	62,735	32,085	30,650	71.3	71.6	71.0
Non-official languages	33,450	16,715	16,735	38.0	37.3	38.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	30,990	15,390	15,600	35.2	34.3	36.1
Algonquian languages	18,155	9,030	9,125	20.6	20.1	21.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	17,280	8,605	8,675	19.6	19.2	20.1
Atikamekw	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	17,190	8,565	8,625	19.5	19.1	20.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	835	415	420	0.9	0.9	1.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	3,940	1,895	2,045	4.5	4.2	4.7
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	240	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	12,275	6,185	6,090	13.9	13.8	14.1
Innu (Montagnais)	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	965	455	505	1.1	1.0	1.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	925	440	485	1.1	1.0	1.1
Oji-Cree	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	12,940	6,425	6,515	14.7	14.3	15.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	12,935	6,425	6,510	14.7	14.3	15.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,570	1,375	1,190	2.9	3.1	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	425	255	165	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	405	240	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	405	240	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	190	120	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	110	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	115	85	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haitian Creole	85	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,370	680	690	1.6	1.5	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	105	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	130	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	130	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,130	545	585	1.3	1.2	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	40	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,030	480	550	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	370	220	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	90	70	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	88,010	44,825	43,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	34,870	17,435	17,435	39.6	38.9	40.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	34,205	17,090	17,120	38.9	38.1	39.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	20,320	10,130	10,190	23.1	22.6	23.6
Métis	1,215	690	525	1.4	1.5	1.2
Inuk (Inuit)	12,670	6,270	6,400	14.4	14.0	14.8
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	440	240	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-Indigenous identity	53,140	27,385	25,750	60.4	61.1	59.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	88,010	44,825	43,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	20,395	10,210	10,185	23.2	22.8	23.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	67,615	34,620	33,000	76.8	77.2	76.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	34,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	17,300	...	...	50.6	...	...
Renter	13,655	...	...	39.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	3,250	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	34,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,325	...	...	6.8	...	...
Not condominium	31,875	...	...	93.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	34,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	175	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	3,845	...	...	11.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,300	...	...	30.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,095	...	...	32.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,785	...	...	25.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	34,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,915	...	...	31.9	...	...
5 rooms	6,930	...	...	20.3	...	...
6 rooms	4,655	...	...	13.6	...	...
7 rooms	4,075	...	...	11.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,635	...	...	22.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	34,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	32,615	...	...	95.4	...	...
More than one person per room	1,580	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	34,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	31,480	...	...	92.0	...	...
Not suitable	2,715	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	34,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,700	...	...	16.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,390	...	...	30.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,780	...	...	16.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,455	...	...	13.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,520	...	...	4.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,830	...	...	5.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,375	...	...	6.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,150	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	34,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	30,220	...	...	88.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,975	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	34,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,255	...	...	59.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	12,930	...	...	37.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,015	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	34,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,340	...	...	3.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,675	...	...	16.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,995	...	...	17.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,995	...	...	17.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,275	...	...	21.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,175	...	...	15.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,155	...	...	6.3	...	...
85 years and over	585	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	29,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,750	...	...	90.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,905	...	...	9.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,625	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	34,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,610	...	...	25.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,645	...	...	7.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,965	...	...	5.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,010	...	...	8.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	235	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	730	...	...	2.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	25,590	...	...	74.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	29,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,220	...	...	7.6	...	...
Not in core need	27,160	...	...	92.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,670	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.8	...	...	58.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,032	...	...	1,032	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	230,000	...	...	230,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	248,600	...	...	248,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,030	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	29.5	...	...	29.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.2	...	...	14.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	645	...	...	645	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	656	...	...	656	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,250	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	484	...	...	484	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	490	...	...	490	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	88,005	44,825	43,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	31,285	15,590	15,695	35.5	34.8	36.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	30,710	15,300	15,415	34.9	34.1	35.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	19,105	9,540	9,560	21.7	21.3	22.1
Métis single ancestry	405	210	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	11,205	5,545	5,660	12.7	12.4	13.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	570	290	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	490	250	235	0.6	0.6	0.5
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,560	2,770	2,785	6.3	6.2	6.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,275	2,650	2,630	6.0	5.9	6.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,795	1,905	1,895	4.3	4.2	4.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	275	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,205	595	610	1.4	1.3	1.4
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	280	120	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	105	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	51,165	26,470	24,700	58.1	59.1	57.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	88,005	44,825	43,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	86,960	44,230	42,730	98.8	98.7	99.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,030	12,405	11,625	27.3	27.7	26.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	62,930	31,830	31,100	71.5	71.0	72.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,045	590	455	1.2	1.3	1.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	88,005	44,825	43,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	86,085	43,720	42,365	97.8	97.5	98.1
Immigrants⁸¹	1,395	765	635	1.6	1.7	1.5
Before 1980	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
1980 to 1990	125	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
1991 to 2000	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
2001 to 2010	290	165	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	720	365	355	0.8	0.8	0.8
2011 to 2015	355	185	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
2016 to 2021	360	180	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	520	340	180	0.6	0.8	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,400	765	635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	145	90	60	10.4	11.8	9.4
5 to 14 years	235	100	130	16.8	13.1	20.5
15 to 24 years	200	105	100	14.3	13.7	15.7
25 to 44 years	740	425	310	52.9	55.6	48.8
45 years and over	75	40	35	5.4	5.2	5.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,400	765	635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	255	130	130	18.2	17.0	20.5
Brazil	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Colombia	35	10	25	2.5	1.3	3.9
El Salvador	20	10	15	1.4	1.3	2.4
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	85	55	30	6.1	7.2	4.7
Jamaica	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	1.6
Mexico	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.6
Peru	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.6
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	25	20	2.9	3.3	3.1
Other places of birth in Americas	30	20	15	2.1	2.6	2.4
Europe	325	195	130	23.2	25.5	20.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	180	105	75	12.9	13.7	11.8
Germany	35	20	15	2.5	2.6	2.4
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	30	10	2.9	3.9	1.6
Other places of birth in Europe	45	25	15	3.2	3.3	2.4
Africa	635	365	270	45.4	47.7	42.5
Algeria	55	30	30	3.9	3.9	4.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	30	25	3.9	3.9	3.9
Egypt	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	80	55	30	5.7	7.2	4.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	430	240	190	30.7	31.4	29.9
Asia	175	75	95	12.5	9.8	15.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	10	1.1	1.3	1.6
Turkey	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	10	10	0.7	1.3	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	10	0	0.0	1.3	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	15	30	3.2	2.0	4.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	35	35	4.6	4.6	5.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	360	180	185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	20	15	10	5.6	8.3	5.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	10	0	4.2	5.6	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	60	35	20	16.7	19.4	10.8
France	45	30	20	12.5	16.7	10.8
Germany	10	0	0	2.8	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	240	115	125	66.7	63.9	67.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	35	15	20	9.7	8.3	10.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	2.8	0.0	5.4
Côte d'Ivoire	80	35	45	22.2	19.4	24.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	10	10	4.2	5.6	5.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	50	25	25	13.9	13.9	13.5
Other places of birth in Africa	50	25	25	13.9	13.9	13.5
Asia	35	15	20	9.7	8.3	10.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	10	2.8	5.6	5.4
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	88,005	44,825	43,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,145	1,205	940	2.4	2.7	2.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,800	885	920	2.0	2.0	2.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	84,055	42,735	41,320	95.5	95.3	95.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,220	660	560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	650	385	260	53.3	58.3	46.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	345	265	80	28.3	40.2	14.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	300	120	185	24.6	18.2	33.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	450	190	260	36.9	28.8	46.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	110	70	35	9.0	10.6	6.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	15	0	1.2	2.3	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,220	660	560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	70	45	30	5.7	6.8	5.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	130	90	40	10.7	13.6	7.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	35	20	20	2.9	3.0	3.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	80	45	35	6.6	6.8	6.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	905	470	435	74.2	71.2	77.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	88,010	44,825	43,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,160	1,170	990	2.5	2.6	2.3
South Asian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese	100	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Black	1,085	620	465	1.2	1.4	1.1
Filipino	205	125	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Arab	390	225	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latin American	135	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Southeast Asian	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	85,845	43,650	42,190	97.5	97.4	97.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	88,005	44,825	43,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	22,625	11,640	10,985	25.7	26.0	25.4
English	985	480	505	1.1	1.1	1.2
Irish	2,300	1,155	1,150	2.6	2.6	2.7
Scottish	1,515	780	735	1.7	1.7	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,430	5,945	5,480	13.0	13.3	12.7
German	590	290	300	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese	120	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	580	315	255	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indian (India)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	140	105	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dutch	140	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Polish	380	205	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Québécois	9,340	4,745	4,595	10.6	10.6	10.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	210	120	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Filipino	200	125	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
French Canadian	5,750	2,825	2,925	6.5	6.3	6.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,390	1,280	1,110	2.7	2.9	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,290	1,610	1,675	3.7	3.6	3.9
Métis	805	415	390	0.9	0.9	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	940	485	455	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Norwegian	355	195	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Welsh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
American	390	180	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	180	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	445	185	260	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	240	135	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jewish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15,185	7,570	7,610	17.3	16.9	17.6
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	755	400	360	0.9	0.9	0.8
Danish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,055	530	520	1.2	1.2	1.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belgian	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	250	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	13,120	6,490	6,635	14.9	14.5	15.4
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	100	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	1,865	925	935	2.1	2.1	2.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	95	70	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	425	210	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	730	345	385	0.8	0.8	0.9
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	140	85	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bamileke	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	88,010	44,825	43,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	62,960	31,805	31,150	71.5	71.0	72.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,560	1,780	1,780	4.0	4.0	4.1
Anabaptist	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	16,575	8,270	8,300	18.8	18.4	19.2
Baptist	315	160	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	38,470	19,625	18,845	43.7	43.8	43.6
Christian Orthodox	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,105	1,495	1,610	3.5	3.3	3.7
Presbyterian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	600	305	295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hindu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	670	385	280	0.8	0.9	0.6
Sikh	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,115	585	530	1.3	1.3	1.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	240	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	22,935	11,875	11,060	26.1	26.5	25.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	86,615	44,085	42,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	79,110	40,380	38,730	91.3	91.6	91.1
Movers	7,505	3,710	3,795	8.7	8.4	8.9
Non-migrants	5,115	2,500	2,610	5.9	5.7	6.1
Migrants	2,395	1,205	1,185	2.8	2.7	2.8
Internal migrants	2,245	1,120	1,120	2.6	2.5	2.6
Intraprovincial migrants	2,070	1,025	1,050	2.4	2.3	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	175	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	150	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	81,100	41,180	39,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	54,375	27,760	26,615	67.0	67.4	66.7
Movers	26,725	13,420	13,305	33.0	32.6	33.3
Non-migrants	15,815	7,940	7,875	19.5	19.3	19.7
Migrants	10,915	5,485	5,425	13.5	13.3	13.6
Internal migrants	10,205	5,075	5,125	12.6	12.3	12.8
Intraprovincial migrants	9,645	4,785	4,850	11.9	11.6	12.1
Interprovincial migrants	565	290	275	0.7	0.7	0.7
External migrants	710	405	300	0.9	1.0	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,535	34,315	33,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,500	15,195	12,305	40.7	44.3	37.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	40,030	19,115	20,920	59.3	55.7	63.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,450	22,385	22,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,265	8,500	6,770	34.3	38.0	30.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	29,185	13,885	15,300	65.7	62.0	69.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,535	34,310	33,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,160	12,915	11,245	35.8	37.6	33.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,475	6,200	7,280	20.0	18.1	21.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,895	15,200	14,700	44.3	44.3	44.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,060	12,525	10,535	34.1	36.5	31.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,335	8,055	4,285	18.3	23.5	12.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,840	5,370	3,470	13.1	15.7	10.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,495	2,685	815	5.2	7.8	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,080	3,920	5,165	13.4	11.4	15.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,645	550	1,090	2.4	1.6	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,835	2,675	4,165	10.1	7.8	12.5
Bachelor's degree	5,010	1,840	3,170	7.4	5.4	9.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	525	200	320	0.8	0.6	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	155	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	955	455	500	1.4	1.3	1.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	195	115	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,455	22,385	22,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,655	6,770	5,880	28.5	30.2	26.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,835	3,625	4,210	17.6	16.2	19.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,965	11,990	11,970	53.9	53.6	54.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,160	9,785	8,370	40.9	43.7	37.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,830	6,345	3,485	22.1	28.3	15.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,120	4,285	2,840	16.0	19.1	12.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,710	2,065	645	6.1	9.2	2.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,095	3,050	4,045	16.0	13.6	18.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,235	390	845	2.8	1.7	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,800	2,200	3,595	13.0	9.8	16.3
Bachelor's degree	4,225	1,520	2,710	9.5	6.8	12.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	415	145	270	0.9	0.6	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	865	395	475	1.9	1.8	2.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	165	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	67,535	34,310	33,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,635	19,115	18,525	55.7	55.7	55.8
Education	2,570	520	2,050	3.8	1.5	6.2
13. Education	2,570	520	2,050	3.8	1.5	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	480	235	250	0.7	0.7	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	420	205	220	0.6	0.6	0.7
Humanities	1,125	475	645	1.7	1.4	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	35	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	755	330	430	1.1	1.0	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,265	415	1,850	3.4	1.2	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	195	55	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	990	25	965	1.5	0.1	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	255	70	190	0.4	0.2	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	315	60	255	0.5	0.2	0.8
45. Social sciences	360	160	195	0.5	0.5	0.6
Business, management and public administration	5,765	1,495	4,270	8.5	4.4	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	690	120	565	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,075	1,375	3,705	7.5	4.0	11.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	785	500	280	1.2	1.5	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	170	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	380	275	105	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	410	285	125	0.6	0.8	0.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	345	275	70	0.5	0.8	0.2
25. Library science	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,785	7,965	820	13.0	23.2	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	705	585	120	1.0	1.7	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,580	2,240	340	3.8	6.5	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,940	1,825	125	2.9	5.3	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,435	2,290	140	3.6	6.7	0.4
48. Precision production	1,035	975	60	1.5	2.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	930	665	265	1.4	1.9	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	210	65	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	725	595	125	1.1	1.7	0.4
Health and related fields	3,565	675	2,890	5.3	2.0	8.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	170	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,315	535	2,780	4.9	1.6	8.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,205	1,965	1,245	4.7	5.7	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,170	245	925	1.7	0.7	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	675	495	175	1.0	1.4	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,370	1,220	145	2.0	3.6	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	44,450	22,385	22,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,490	10,400	10,090	46.1	46.5	45.7
Education	1,920	340	1,575	4.3	1.5	7.1
13. Education	1,920	340	1,575	4.3	1.5	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	360	170	195	0.8	0.8	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	315	150	165	0.7	0.7	0.7
Humanities	750	320	425	1.7	1.4	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	455	200	255	1.0	0.9	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
54. History	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,900	335	1,565	4.3	1.5	7.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	35	115	0.3	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	875	30	850	2.0	0.1	3.9
22. Legal professions and studies	180	50	130	0.4	0.2	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	285	50	240	0.6	0.2	1.1
45. Social sciences	300	140	160	0.7	0.6	0.7
Business, management and public administration	4,740	1,135	3,610	10.7	5.1	16.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	595	110	485	1.3	0.5	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,150	1,020	3,130	9.3	4.6	14.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	550	370	180	1.2	1.7	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	330	235	90	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	350	250	100	0.8	1.1	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	300	240	55	0.7	1.1	0.2
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,155	6,465	695	16.1	28.9	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	625	505	120	1.4	2.3	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,105	1,865	245	4.7	8.3	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,540	1,425	115	3.5	6.4	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,990	1,865	125	4.5	8.3	0.6
48. Precision production	815	755	60	1.8	3.4	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	780	540	240	1.8	2.4	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	175	45	125	0.4	0.2	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	605	485	120	1.4	2.2	0.5
Health and related fields	2,890	520	2,370	6.5	2.3	10.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,700	420	2,280	6.1	1.9	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,545	1,545	1,000	5.7	6.9	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	960	205	755	2.2	0.9	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	540	395	145	1.2	1.8	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,045	940	105	2.4	4.2	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	44,450	22,385	22,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,490	10,400	10,090	46.1	46.5	45.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	23,960	11,985	11,970	53.9	53.5	54.2
Location of study inside Canada	23,190	11,525	11,670	52.2	51.5	52.9
Same as province or territory of residence	21,700	10,835	10,865	48.8	48.4	49.2
Different than province or territory of residence	1,495	690	805	3.4	3.1	3.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	770	465	305	1.7	2.1	1.4
Americas	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	210	130	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
Belgium	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	145	90	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	280	165	120	0.6	0.7	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morocco	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tunisia	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	135	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asia	155	110	50	0.3	0.5	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	130	95	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	67,535	34,310	33,220	...	...	...
In the labour force	42,975	22,560	20,420	...	...	...
Employed	40,325	21,020	19,310	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,650	1,540	1,110	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	24,560	11,755	12,800	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.6	65.8	61.5	63.6	65.8	61.5
Employment rate	59.7	61.3	58.1	59.7	61.3	58.1
Unemployment rate	6.2	6.8	5.4	6.2	6.8	5.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	67,535	34,310	33,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	23,705	11,200	12,500	35.1	32.6	37.6
Worked	43,830	23,110	20,720	64.9	67.4	62.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	25,240	13,455	11,785	37.4	39.2	35.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	18,590	9,660	8,930	27.5	28.2	26.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.1	42.1	42.1	42.1	42.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	42,980	22,555	20,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	805	455	355	1.9	2.0	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	42,175	22,105	20,065	98.1	98.0	98.3
Employee	39,575	20,590	18,985	92.1	91.3	93.0
Permanent position	33,255	17,515	15,740	77.4	77.7	77.1
Temporary position	6,320	3,080	3,245	14.7	13.7	15.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,050	840	1,210	4.8	3.7	5.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,265	2,235	2,030	9.9	9.9	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,595	1,515	1,080	6.0	6.7	5.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	42,980	22,555	20,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	805	455	355	1.9	2.0	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	42,175	22,105	20,065	98.1	98.0	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	565	425	140	1.3	1.9	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,185	1,525	4,665	14.4	6.8	22.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,080	1,690	395	4.8	7.5	1.9
3 Health occupations	2,795	500	2,290	6.5	2.2	11.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,590	1,665	4,915	15.3	7.4	24.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,010	490	515	2.3	2.2	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	10,165	4,205	5,955	23.7	18.6	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,805	8,120	685	20.5	36.0	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,425	2,170	250	5.6	9.6	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,565	1,315	250	3.6	5.8	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	42,980	22,555	20,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	805	455	355	1.9	2.0	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	42,175	22,105	20,065	98.1	98.0	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	840	605	235	2.0	2.7	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,360	3,685	680	10.1	16.3	3.3
22 Utilities	560	510	45	1.3	2.3	0.2
23 Construction	1,995	1,715	280	4.6	7.6	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	2,635	2,190	440	6.1	9.7	2.2
41 Wholesale trade	745	530	210	1.7	2.3	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	4,430	2,005	2,430	10.3	8.9	11.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,865	1,390	480	4.3	6.2	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	510	320	185	1.2	1.4	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	515	125	395	1.2	0.6	1.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	550	355	195	1.3	1.6	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,500	765	740	3.5	3.4	3.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,460	880	580	3.4	3.9	2.8
61 Educational services	3,835	1,015	2,820	8.9	4.5	13.8
62 Health care and social assistance	7,400	1,475	5,920	17.2	6.5	29.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	525	340	190	1.2	1.5	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,155	745	1,415	5.0	3.3	6.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,785	950	830	4.2	4.2	4.1
91 Public administration	4,480	2,505	1,970	10.4	11.1	9.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	46,895	24,635	22,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,050	1,635	1,420	6.5	6.6	6.4
French	26,590	14,280	12,310	56.7	58.0	55.3
Non-official language	3,000	1,590	1,410	6.4	6.5	6.3
Indigenous³⁹	2,985	1,580	1,405	6.4	6.4	6.3
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,675	3,070	2,600	12.1	12.5	11.7
English and non-official language(s)	7,285	3,485	3,795	15.5	14.1	17.0
French and non-official language(s)	150	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,155	505	655	2.5	2.0	2.9
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	46,895	24,635	22,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	44,195	23,390	20,805	94.2	94.9	93.4
Official languages	36,830	19,660	17,165	78.5	79.8	77.1
English	5,995	3,115	2,880	12.8	12.6	12.9
French	30,835	16,545	14,285	65.8	67.2	64.1
Non-official languages	7,365	3,725	3,640	15.7	15.1	16.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	7,355	3,720	3,635	15.7	15.1	16.3
Algonquian languages	3,705	1,915	1,795	7.9	7.8	8.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	3,705	1,910	1,790	7.9	7.8	8.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	3,705	1,910	1,790	7.9	7.8	8.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	110	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	725	360	365	1.5	1.5	1.6
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	2,830	1,465	1,370	6.0	5.9	6.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	3,645	1,805	1,845	7.8	7.3	8.3
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	3,645	1,805	1,845	7.8	7.3	8.3
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,705	1,245	1,460	5.8	5.1	6.6
English and French	820	425	395	1.7	1.7	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,660	725	935	3.5	2.9	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	80	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	46,895	24,635	22,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	35,090	18,670	16,420	74.8	75.8	73.7
English	8,095	4,140	3,950	17.3	16.8	17.7
French	1,055	560	500	2.2	2.3	2.2
Non-official language	1,920	915	1,010	4.1	3.7	4.5
Indigenous³⁹	1,910	910	1,000	4.1	3.7	4.5
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	325	160	165	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	95	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	310	130	180	0.7	0.5	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	40,325	21,020	19,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,490	1,075	1,415	6.2	5.1	7.3
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,415	3,330	1,080	10.9	15.8	5.6
Usual place of work	33,405	16,595	16,810	82.8	78.9	87.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,405	16,600	16,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,845	12,700	14,145	80.4	76.5	84.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,350	2,375	1,970	13.0	14.3	11.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,095	1,405	690	6.3	8.5	4.1
Commute to a different province or territory	125	115	10	0.4	0.7	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,820	19,930	17,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	30,190	16,150	14,035	79.8	81.0	78.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,150	14,750	12,400	71.8	74.0	69.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,045	1,405	1,635	8.1	7.0	9.1
Public transit	215	135	80	0.6	0.7	0.4
Walked	4,670	1,950	2,715	12.3	9.8	15.2
Bicycle	255	175	85	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other method	2,485	1,510	975	6.6	7.6	5.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,820	19,930	17,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	26,685	12,990	13,695	70.6	65.2	76.6
15 to 29 minutes	6,320	3,600	2,720	16.7	18.1	15.2
30 to 44 minutes	2,215	1,355	860	5.9	6.8	4.8
45 to 59 minutes	990	720	270	2.6	3.6	1.5
60 minutes and over	1,610	1,270	340	4.3	6.4	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,820	19,930	17,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,000	2,550	445	7.9	12.8	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,325	3,300	1,025	11.4	16.6	5.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,685	4,930	4,760	25.6	24.7	26.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,675	4,240	6,435	28.2	21.3	36.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,585	2,235	3,350	14.8	11.2	18.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,550	2,670	1,875	12.0	13.4	10.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,535	12,670	11,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,750	6,115	5,635	47.9	48.3	47.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,785	6,555	6,225	52.1	51.7	52.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,120	8,845	8,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,430	4,405	4,025	49.2	49.8	48.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	6,375	3,400	2,970	37.2	38.4	35.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,055	995	1,055	12.0	11.2	12.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,695	4,440	4,250	50.8	50.2	51.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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