Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Iqaluit, City (CY)More information: Nunavut [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	7,429	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	7,740	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 4.0	...	...	- 4.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	3,297	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	2,708	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	144.0	...	...	144.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	51.58	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	7,430	3,730	3,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	1,750	910	840	23.6	24.4	22.7
0 to 4 years	620	340	280	8.3	9.1	7.6
5 to 9 years	580	295	285	7.8	7.9	7.7
10 to 14 years	555	280	275	7.5	7.5	7.4
15 to 64 years	5,395	2,670	2,725	72.6	71.6	73.7
15 to 19 years	450	210	240	6.1	5.6	6.5
20 to 24 years	465	250	220	6.3	6.7	6.0
25 to 29 years	625	325	300	8.4	8.7	8.1
30 to 34 years	725	345	380	9.8	9.2	10.3
35 to 39 years	680	335	355	9.2	9.0	9.6
40 to 44 years	625	320	310	8.4	8.6	8.4
45 to 49 years	540	245	295	7.3	6.6	8.0
50 to 54 years	515	260	260	6.9	7.0	7.0
55 to 59 years	460	220	240	6.2	5.9	6.5
60 to 64 years	310	175	140	4.2	4.7	3.8
65 years and over	275	150	130	3.7	4.0	3.5
65 to 69 years	175	95	80	2.4	2.5	2.2
70 to 74 years	70	35	30	0.9	0.9	0.8
75 to 79 years	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
80 to 84 years	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.3
85 years and over	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
85 to 89 years	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.6	24.4	22.7	23.6	24.4	22.7
15 to 64 years	72.6	71.6	73.7	72.6	71.6	73.7
65 years and over	3.7	4.0	3.5	3.7	4.0	3.5
85 years and over	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Average age of the population	32.6	32.4	32.8	32.6	32.4	32.8
Median age of the population	32.8	32.4	33.6	32.8	32.4	33.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	690	...	...	25.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	210	...	...	7.7	...	...
Row house	655	...	...	24.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	15	...	...	0.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,035	...	...	38.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	100	...	...	3.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	720	...	...	26.6	...	...
2 persons	790	...	...	29.2	...	...
3 persons	460	...	...	17.0	...	...
4 persons	360	...	...	13.3	...	...
5 or more persons	380	...	...	14.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	7,310	3,620	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	5,675	2,820	2,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	2,945	1,480	1,465	51.9	52.5	51.3
Married	1,660	840	825	29.3	29.8	28.9
Living common-law	1,285	635	645	22.6	22.5	22.6
Living common law - Never married	1,130	550	580	19.9	19.5	20.3
Living common law - Separated	30	15	10	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	110	60	50	1.9	2.1	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	10	5	5	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	2,730	1,340	1,390	48.1	47.5	48.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,280	1,170	1,110	40.2	41.5	38.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	110	60	50	1.9	2.1	1.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	235	90	150	4.1	3.2	5.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	110	25	85	1.9	0.9	3.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	860	...	...	44.9	...	...
3 persons	435	...	...	22.7	...	...
4 persons	360	...	...	18.8	...	...
5 or more persons	265	...	...	13.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	1,415	...	...	73.9	...	...
Married couples	775	...	...	40.5	...	...
With children⁶	500	...	...	26.1	...	...
Without children	270	...	...	14.1	...	...
Common-law couples	640	...	...	33.4	...	...
With children⁶	375	...	...	19.6	...	...
Without children	265	...	...	13.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	500	...	...	26.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	375	...	...	19.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	125	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	7,310	3,620	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	5,915	2,935	2,980	80.9	81.1	80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	2,830	1,405	1,425	38.7	38.8	38.6
Parents in one-parent families	500	125	375	6.8	3.5	10.2
Children⁶	2,580	1,400	1,180	35.3	38.7	32.0
In a two-parent family	1,815	970	850	24.8	26.8	23.0
In a one-parent family	765	430	335	10.5	11.9	9.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,400	690	705	19.2	19.1	19.1
Living alone	720	335	385	9.8	9.3	10.4
Living with other relatives⁷	330	160	175	4.5	4.4	4.7
Living with non-relatives only	350	200	145	4.8	5.5	3.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	2,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	1,520	...	...	56.2	...	...
Couple-family households	1,180	...	...	43.6	...	...
With children⁶	735	...	...	27.2	...	...
Without children	445	...	...	16.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	340	...	...	12.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	125	...	...	4.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	20	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	145	...	...	5.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	180	...	...	6.7	...	...
One-person households	720	...	...	26.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	5,555	2,710	2,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,500	2,675	2,825	99.0	98.7	99.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	86,000	83,000	88,000	86,000	83,000	88,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,500	2,675	2,825	99.0	98.7	99.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,500	70,500	75,500	73,500	70,500	75,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,990	2,385	2,605	89.8	88.0	91.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	91,000	92,000	90,000	91,000	92,000	90,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,790	2,305	2,490	86.2	85.1	87.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	91,000	91,000	91,000	91,000	91,000	91,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,465	2,655	2,810	98.4	98.0	98.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	1,640	1,500	1,780	1,640	1,500	1,780
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	335	190	145	6.0	7.0	5.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,360	6,200	7,300	6,360	6,200	7,300
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,275	680	595	23.0	25.1	20.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	5,555	2,710	2,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,505	2,675	2,825	99.1	98.7	99.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	87,500	87,600	87,500	87,500	87,600	87,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,505	2,675	2,825	99.1	98.7	99.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	72,700	72,300	73,100	72,700	72,300	73,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,990	2,385	2,600	89.8	88.0	91.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	89,700	91,900	87,800	89,700	91,900	87,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,790	2,300	2,490	86.2	84.9	87.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	88,800	90,000	87,700	88,800	90,000	87,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,465	2,660	2,810	98.4	98.2	98.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,180	5,680	6,650	6,180	5,680	6,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	185	145	5.9	6.8	5.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,720	6,700	9,000	7,720	6,700	9,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,280	680	595	23.0	25.1	20.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,140	10,020	10,280	10,140	10,020	10,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	5,555	2,710	2,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,995	1,465	1,530	53.9	54.1	53.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	115,000	115,000	115,000	115,000	115,000	115,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	115,300	116,500	114,100	115,300	116,500	114,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,175	540	635	21.2	19.9	22.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,600	30,000	31,200	30,600	30,000	31,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	48,200	47,800	48,800	48,200	47,800	48,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	93.0	93.6	92.4	93.0	93.6	92.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	88.4	88.4	88.2	88.4	88.4	88.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	7.0	6.4	7.6	7.0	6.4	7.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.0	2.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	5,555	2,710	2,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	55	35	20	1.0	1.3	0.7
With total income	5,505	2,680	2,830	99.1	98.9	99.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	525	260	260	9.5	9.7	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	455	245	205	8.3	9.1	7.2
$20,000 to $29,999	390	205	190	7.1	7.6	6.7
$30,000 to $39,999	325	145	185	5.9	5.4	6.5
$40,000 to $49,999	270	140	130	4.9	5.2	4.6
$50,000 to $59,999	215	105	115	3.9	3.9	4.1
$60,000 to $69,999	205	95	110	3.7	3.5	3.9
$70,000 to $79,999	220	110	105	4.0	4.1	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	270	130	140	4.9	4.9	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	265	105	165	4.8	3.9	5.8
$100,000 and over	2,365	1,140	1,225	43.0	42.5	43.3
$100,000 to $149,999	1,635	740	890	29.7	27.6	31.4
$150,000 and over	735	400	330	13.4	14.9	11.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	5,555	2,710	2,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	55	35	20	1.0	1.3	0.7
With after-tax income	5,505	2,680	2,830	99.1	98.9	99.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	525	265	260	9.5	9.9	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	460	250	210	8.4	9.3	7.4
$20,000 to $29,999	440	230	210	8.0	8.6	7.4
$30,000 to $39,999	375	175	205	6.8	6.5	7.2
$40,000 to $49,999	285	135	145	5.2	5.0	5.1
$50,000 to $59,999	260	125	135	4.7	4.7	4.8
$60,000 to $69,999	310	150	160	5.6	5.6	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	325	150	180	5.9	5.6	6.4
$80,000 to $89,999	365	165	200	6.6	6.2	7.1
$90,000 to $99,999	480	210	270	8.7	7.8	9.5
$100,000 and over	1,670	820	850	30.3	30.6	30.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,010	460	550	18.3	17.2	19.4
$125,000 and over	655	360	300	11.9	13.4	10.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	5,555	2,710	2,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	765	410	360	13.8	15.1	12.6
With employment income	4,790	2,305	2,485	86.2	85.1	87.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	360	185	180	7.5	8.0	7.2
$5,000 to $9,999	225	95	130	4.7	4.1	5.2
$10,000 to $19,999	335	145	190	7.0	6.3	7.6
$20,000 to $29,999	195	110	85	4.1	4.8	3.4
$30,000 to $39,999	185	85	100	3.9	3.7	4.0
$40,000 to $49,999	185	95	90	3.9	4.1	3.6
$50,000 to $59,999	180	95	90	3.8	4.1	3.6
$60,000 to $69,999	200	95	100	4.2	4.1	4.0
$70,000 to $79,999	200	100	100	4.2	4.3	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	280	120	160	5.8	5.2	6.4
$90,000 to $99,999	250	110	135	5.2	4.8	5.4
$100,000 and over	2,185	1,060	1,125	45.6	46.0	45.3
$100,000 to $124,999	870	375	500	18.2	16.3	20.1
$125,000 and over	1,310	680	630	27.3	29.5	25.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	5,555	2,710	2,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,245	2,545	2,695	94.4	93.9	94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	81,000	81,000	81,000	81,000	81,000	81,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,245	2,545	2,695	94.4	93.9	94.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,000	69,500	70,500	70,000	69,500	70,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,890	2,380	2,510	88.0	87.8	88.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	85,000	86,000	85,000	85,000	86,000	85,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,785	2,335	2,450	86.1	86.2	86.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	84,000	83,000	85,000	84,000	83,000	85,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,430	2,105	2,325	79.7	77.7	81.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,510	1,510	1,600	1,510	1,510	1,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	390	175	215	7.0	6.5	7.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	6,600	8,500	7,600	6,600	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	5,555	2,710	2,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,240	2,545	2,695	94.3	93.9	94.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	83,700	84,300	83,200	83,700	84,300	83,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,240	2,545	2,695	94.3	93.9	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,800	69,600	70,000	69,800	69,600	70,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,890	2,380	2,510	88.0	87.8	88.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	85,600	86,900	84,300	85,600	86,900	84,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,785	2,335	2,450	86.1	86.2	86.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	83,900	85,000	82,900	83,900	85,000	82,900
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,430	2,105	2,325	79.7	77.7	81.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,620	3,680	5,465	4,620	3,680	5,465
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	390	175	215	7.0	6.5	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,080	7,450	10,400	9,080	7,450	10,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	5,555	2,710	2,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,980	1,465	1,520	53.6	54.1	53.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	110,000	110,000	110,000	110,000	110,000	110,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	106,800	108,700	105,000	106,800	108,700	105,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,105	510	590	19.9	18.8	20.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	32,000	34,800	33,600	32,000	34,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	51,600	50,600	52,600	51,600	50,600	52,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.4	96.4	94.4	95.4	96.4	94.4
Employment income (%)	91.4	92.6	90.4	91.4	92.6	90.4
Government transfers (%)	4.7	3.6	5.7	4.7	3.6	5.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.6	1.0	0.8	0.6	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	2,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...	157,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	192,000	...	...	192,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	162,000	...	...	162,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	2,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	177,800	...	...	177,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	147,800	...	...	147,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	106,600	...	...	106,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	203,800	...	...	203,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	169,400	...	...	169,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	0.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	30	...	...	1.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	1.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45	...	...	1.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	0.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...	1.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	30	...	...	1.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	1.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	90	...	...	3.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	75	...	...	2.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	80	...	...	3.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	95	...	...	3.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,075	...	...	76.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	340	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	315	...	...	11.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	460	...	...	17.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	960	...	...	35.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	0.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	30	...	...	1.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	40	...	...	1.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	40	...	...	1.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	0.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	0.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	45	...	...	1.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	65	...	...	2.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	110	...	...	4.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	90	...	...	3.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	115	...	...	4.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	185	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,865	...	...	68.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	420	...	...	15.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	290	...	...	10.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,160	...	...	42.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	190,000	...	...	190,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	212,000	...	...	212,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	176,000	...	...	176,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	230,000	...	...	230,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	192,000	...	...	192,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,070	535	535	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	100,000	93,000	105,000	100,000	93,000	105,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	85,000	78,000	88,000	85,000	78,000	88,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	1,870	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	202,600	...	...	202,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	168,200	...	...	168,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	211,000	...	...	211,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	173,000	...	...	173,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	875	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	238,000	...	...	238,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	196,400	...	...	196,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	106,400	...	...	106,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,065	535	535	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	95,800	94,000	98,000	95,800	94,000	98,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	79,600	78,000	81,600	79,600	78,000	81,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	7,310	3,625	3,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,020	1,035	985	27.6	28.6	26.7
0 to 5 years	710	385	330	9.7	10.6	9.0
18 to 64 years	5,025	2,445	2,575	68.7	67.4	69.9
65 years and over	270	140	130	3.7	3.9	3.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	295	145	150	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	90	40	45	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	25	20	10	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	190	95	100	...	...	...
65 years and over	15	10	5	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	4.0	4.6	4.4	4.0	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8	4.5	3.0	3.8	4.5	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.8
65 years and over (%)	6.0	7.0	5.0	6.0	7.0	5.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
65 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
65 years and over	0	0	0	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	7,310	3,625	3,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	1,485	760	725	20.3	21.0	19.7
In bottom decile	335	155	175	4.6	4.3	4.7
In second decile	315	170	140	4.3	4.7	3.8
In third decile	280	150	135	3.8	4.1	3.7
In fourth decile	260	130	125	3.6	3.6	3.4
In fifth decile	300	150	145	4.1	4.1	3.9
In top half of the distribution	5,820	2,860	2,960	79.6	78.9	80.3
In sixth decile	440	225	220	6.0	6.2	6.0
In seventh decile	500	250	250	6.8	6.9	6.8
In eighth decile	690	320	370	9.4	8.8	10.0
In ninth decile	1,150	560	590	15.7	15.4	16.0
In top decile	3,040	1,510	1,530	41.6	41.7	41.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	7,310	...	...	7,310	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.297	...	...	0.297	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.347	...	...	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	7,315	3,630	3,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	6,145	3,060	3,090	84.0	84.3	83.9
French only	55	25	35	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and French	1,055	525	530	14.4	14.5	14.4
Neither English nor French	60	25	30	0.8	0.7	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	7,315	3,630	3,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,735	3,325	3,405	92.1	91.6	92.4
French	475	255	220	6.5	7.0	6.0
English and French	45	25	25	0.6	0.7	0.7
Neither English nor French	55	25	30	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	7,315	3,630	3,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	6,750	3,355	3,390	92.3	92.4	92.0
Official languages	4,020	2,110	1,910	55.0	58.1	51.8
English	3,590	1,880	1,715	49.1	51.8	46.5
French	430	235	195	5.9	6.5	5.3
Non-official languages	2,725	1,240	1,480	37.3	34.2	40.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,205	980	1,220	30.1	27.0	33.1
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	2,200	980	1,215	30.1	27.0	33.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	2,195	985	1,215	30.0	27.1	33.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	520	260	260	7.1	7.2	7.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	50	15	0.8	1.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	45	15	0.8	1.2	0.4
Amharic	20	15	5	0.3	0.4	0.1
Arabic	30	30	5	0.4	0.8	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	160	60	100	2.2	1.7	2.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	60	85	1.9	1.7	2.3
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	5	0.3	0.3	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.3
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	155	90	70	2.1	2.5	1.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	25	20	10	0.3	0.6	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	20	5	0.3	0.6	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
German	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	35	25	0.8	1.0	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	45	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	25	35	0.9	0.7	0.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	30	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	570	275	295	7.8	7.6	8.0
English and French	80	45	35	1.1	1.2	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	455	220	240	6.2	6.1	6.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	7,315	3,630	3,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,740	1,955	1,785	51.1	53.9	48.4
French	215	120	95	2.9	3.3	2.6
Non-official language	555	270	285	7.6	7.4	7.7
Indigenous³⁹	500	245	255	6.8	6.7	6.9
Non-Indigenous	55	30	30	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	275	130	145	3.8	3.6	3.9
English and non-official language(s)	2,420	1,105	1,315	33.1	30.4	35.7
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	35	50	1.1	1.0	1.4
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	7,315	3,630	3,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	6,645	3,320	3,330	90.8	91.5	90.4
Official languages	5,475	2,755	2,725	74.8	75.9	73.9
English	5,165	2,585	2,580	70.6	71.2	70.0
French	305	165	145	4.2	4.5	3.9
Non-official languages	1,175	570	610	16.1	15.7	16.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	990	475	515	13.5	13.1	14.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	990	475	515	13.5	13.1	14.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	985	475	515	13.5	13.1	14.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	185	90	95	2.5	2.5	2.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	5	0.3	0.3	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	5	0.3	0.3	0.1
Amharic	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Arabic	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	35	45	1.1	1.0	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	30	35	1.0	0.8	0.9
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.3
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	30	20	0.6	0.8	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	5	0.3	0.4	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	5	0.3	0.4	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	670	310	355	9.2	8.5	9.6
English and French	85	40	40	1.2	1.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	575	265	310	7.9	7.3	8.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	7,315	3,630	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	5,140	2,640	2,495	70.3	72.7	67.6
English	660	315	345	9.0	8.7	9.3
French	145	65	80	2.0	1.8	2.2
Non-official language	1,270	570	705	17.4	15.7	19.1
Indigenous³⁹	1,065	475	595	14.6	13.1	16.1
Non-Indigenous	205	95	110	2.8	2.6	3.0
English and French	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.6	0.6	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	7,310	3,625	3,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	7,250	3,595	3,650	99.2	99.2	99.1
English	7,195	3,575	3,625	98.4	98.6	98.4
French	1,110	545	565	15.2	15.0	15.3
Non-official languages	3,815	1,765	2,045	52.2	48.7	55.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,005	1,390	1,615	41.1	38.3	43.8
Algonquian languages	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.3	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	2,995	1,385	1,610	41.0	38.2	43.7
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	2,995	1,385	1,610	41.0	38.2	43.7
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0.1	0.3	0.3
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	850	395	460	11.6	10.9	12.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	60	30	1.2	1.7	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Hausa	0	10	0	0.0	0.3	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	80	55	25	1.1	1.5	0.7
Amharic	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Arabic	55	40	15	0.8	1.1	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	215	80	135	2.9	2.2	3.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.3
Fijian	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	75	130	2.9	2.1	3.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	10	25	0.4	0.3	0.7
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	345	165	180	4.7	4.6	4.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Russian	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	10	0	0.0	0.3	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	25	35	0.9	0.7	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	50	20	30	0.7	0.6	0.8
German	45	20	25	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.3	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	60	35	30	0.8	1.0	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	55	30	25	0.8	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	15	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	90	115	2.8	2.5	3.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Romanian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Spanish	175	75	100	2.4	2.1	2.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	10	0.1	0.3	0.3
Korean	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	60	60	1.6	1.7	1.6
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.4	0.6	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
American Sign Language	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	20	30	0.7	0.6	0.8
Chinese languages	50	20	30	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hakka	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	10	0	0.0	0.3	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0.1	0.3	0.3
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	7,310	3,625	3,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,055	1,910	2,145	55.5	52.7	58.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,990	1,875	2,110	54.6	51.7	57.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	95	45	45	1.3	1.2	1.2
Métis	65	35	30	0.9	1.0	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	3,830	1,800	2,035	52.4	49.7	55.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	15	15	0.5	0.4	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-Indigenous identity	3,255	1,710	1,540	44.5	47.2	41.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	7,310	3,625	3,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	70	30	35	1.0	0.8	0.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	7,240	3,590	3,650	99.0	99.0	99.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	700	...	...	25.8	...	...
Renter	2,005	...	...	74.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	405	...	...	14.9	...	...
Not condominium	2,300	...	...	84.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	640	...	...	23.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	820	...	...	30.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	855	...	...	31.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	370	...	...	13.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,270	...	...	46.9	...	...
5 rooms	540	...	...	19.9	...	...
6 rooms	420	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	245	...	...	9.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	230	...	...	8.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	2,560	...	...	94.5	...	...
More than one person per room	150	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	2,340	...	...	86.3	...	...
Not suitable	365	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	55	...	...	2.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	415	...	...	15.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	410	...	...	15.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	570	...	...	21.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	290	...	...	10.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	310	...	...	11.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	370	...	...	13.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	285	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	2,345	...	...	86.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	365	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,710	...	...	63.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	895	...	...	33.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	100	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	70	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	595	...	...	22.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	740	...	...	27.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	655	...	...	24.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	500	...	...	18.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	135	...	...	5.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	0.7	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	2,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,425	...	...	89.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	280	...	...	10.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	235	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	2,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	880	...	...	32.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	230	...	...	8.5	...	...
Not suitable only	270	...	...	10.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	255	...	...	9.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	2.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.4	...	...
Acceptable housing	1,830	...	...	67.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	2,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	385	...	...	14.5	...	...
Not in core need	2,270	...	...	85.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	705	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	82.3	...	...	82.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,960	...	...	2,960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,820	...	...	2,820	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	604,000	...	...	604,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,005	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	79.6	...	...	79.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.8	...	...	16.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,550	...	...	1,550	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	7,310	3,620	3,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,940	1,370	1,565	40.2	37.8	42.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,895	1,360	1,540	39.6	37.6	41.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	65	25	35	0.9	0.7	0.9
Métis single ancestry	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	2,820	1,325	1,495	38.6	36.6	40.6
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	15	30	0.5	0.4	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	35	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.5
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,170	570	595	16.0	15.7	16.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,130	555	575	15.5	15.3	15.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	160	90	70	2.2	2.5	1.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	940	455	485	12.9	12.6	13.2
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	3,200	1,680	1,520	43.8	46.4	41.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	7,310	3,625	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	7,010	3,490	3,520	95.9	96.3	95.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,985	1,030	960	27.2	28.4	26.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	5,025	2,465	2,560	68.7	68.0	69.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	300	130	170	4.1	3.6	4.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	7,310	3,625	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	6,505	3,235	3,270	89.0	89.2	88.6
Immigrants⁸¹	745	360	390	10.2	9.9	10.6
Before 1980	65	30	40	0.9	0.8	1.1
1980 to 1990	40	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.5
1991 to 2000	75	40	35	1.0	1.1	0.9
2001 to 2010	265	140	125	3.6	3.9	3.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	305	130	170	4.2	3.6	4.6
2011 to 2015	150	70	80	2.1	1.9	2.2
2016 to 2021	155	60	95	2.1	1.7	2.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	60	30	30	0.8	0.8	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	750	360	390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	70	30	40	9.3	8.3	10.3
5 to 14 years	115	50	65	15.3	13.9	16.7
15 to 24 years	110	50	55	14.7	13.9	14.1
25 to 44 years	390	190	200	52.0	52.8	51.3
45 years and over	60	35	30	8.0	9.7	7.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	750	360	390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	105	50	60	14.0	13.9	15.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	10	2.0	2.8	2.6
Mexico	10	10	10	1.3	2.8	2.6
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	30	10	20	4.0	2.8	5.1
Other places of birth in Americas	35	15	15	4.7	4.2	3.8
Europe	100	60	45	13.3	16.7	11.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	10	1.3	2.8	2.6
Russian Federation	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	25	15	4.7	6.9	3.8
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Africa	220	120	100	29.3	33.3	25.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	15	0	2.7	4.2	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	1.3	2.8	0.0
Nigeria	35	15	25	4.7	4.2	6.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.6
Other places of birth in Africa	135	70	65	18.0	19.4	16.7
Asia	320	130	185	42.7	36.1	47.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	1.3	2.8	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10	2.7	2.8	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	2.6
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	190	70	125	25.3	19.4	32.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	2.6
India	30	10	15	4.0	2.8	3.8
Pakistan	25	15	15	3.3	4.2	3.8
Sri Lanka	10	10	10	1.3	2.8	2.6
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	10	2.0	2.8	2.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	1.3	2.8	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	155	60	95	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	20	0	10	12.9	0.0	10.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	0	10	6.5	0.0	10.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	10.5
Europe	10	0	0	6.5	0.0	0.0
France	0	10	0	0.0	16.7	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	50	20	30	32.3	33.3	31.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	10	10	6.5	16.7	10.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	9.7	16.7	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	0	10	6.5	0.0	10.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	10	9.7	16.7	10.5
Asia	70	20	45	45.2	33.3	47.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	10	9.7	0.0	10.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	10	25	25.8	16.7	26.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	6.5	0.0	10.5
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	10.5
Oceania and other⁹³	0	10	0	0.0	16.7	0.0
Australia	0	10	0	0.0	16.7	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	7,310	3,625	3,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	835	405	435	11.4	11.2	11.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	650	345	305	8.9	9.5	8.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	5,825	2,870	2,950	79.7	79.2	80.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	685	330	355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	390	185	205	56.9	56.1	57.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	210	105	105	30.7	31.8	29.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	185	85	100	27.0	25.8	28.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	195	80	115	28.5	24.2	32.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	90	65	30	13.1	19.7	8.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	10	1.5	3.0	2.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	685	330	355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	35	25	8.8	10.6	7.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	105	35	70	15.3	10.6	19.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	50	25	25	7.3	7.6	7.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	455	225	230	66.4	68.2	64.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	7,310	3,625	3,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	905	440	470	12.4	12.1	12.8
South Asian	100	50	45	1.4	1.4	1.2
Chinese	45	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.7
Black	395	205	190	5.4	5.7	5.2
Filipino	225	95	135	3.1	2.6	3.7
Arab	35	20	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
Latin American	40	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Southeast Asian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	6,405	3,190	3,215	87.6	88.0	87.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	7,310	3,625	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	480	260	215	6.6	7.2	5.8
English	800	435	370	10.9	12.0	10.0
Irish	845	440	405	11.6	12.1	11.0
Scottish	890	430	465	12.2	11.9	12.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	560	285	275	7.7	7.9	7.5
German	325	160	165	4.4	4.4	4.5
Chinese	55	20	35	0.8	0.6	0.9
Italian	105	40	60	1.4	1.1	1.6
Indian (India)	45	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.7
Ukrainian	75	40	35	1.0	1.1	0.9
Dutch	115	50	60	1.6	1.4	1.6
Polish	85	40	45	1.2	1.1	1.2
Québécois	55	30	20	0.8	0.8	0.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	170	85	90	2.3	2.3	2.4
Filipino	230	100	135	3.1	2.8	3.7
French Canadian	95	50	45	1.3	1.4	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	185	95	90	2.5	2.6	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	45	20	30	0.6	0.6	0.8
Métis	65	25	35	0.9	0.7	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	195	100	95	2.7	2.8	2.6
Russian	40	25	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
Norwegian	70	35	40	1.0	1.0	1.1
Welsh	70	35	40	1.0	1.0	1.1
Portuguese	45	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.5
American	45	25	20	0.6	0.7	0.5
Spanish	35	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.7
Swedish	45	25	20	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hungarian	35	25	20	0.5	0.7	0.5
Acadian	70	25	45	1.0	0.7	1.2
Pakistani	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	45	40	1.1	1.2	1.1
Jewish	40	20	30	0.5	0.6	0.8
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Jamaican	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	45	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.7
Korean	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Romanian	10	10	10	0.1	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	15	10	15	0.2	0.3	0.4
Danish	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Belgian	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Haitian	25	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Mennonite	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Swiss	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Finnish	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Sri Lankan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	0	10	0	0.0	0.3	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	45	30	1.0	1.2	0.8
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Muslim	0	10	0	0.0	0.3	0.0
Egyptian	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	10	0	0.0	0.3	0.0
Czech	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Syrian	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Guyanese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	55	30	25	0.8	0.8	0.7
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	3,810	1,795	2,015	52.1	49.5	54.6
Bangladeshi	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	25	10	20	0.3	0.3	0.5
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	10	0	0.0	0.3	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Australian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.3
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	10	10	10	0.1	0.3	0.3
New Brunswicker	10	10	10	0.1	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	10	10	0.1	0.3	0.3
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	45	25	20	0.6	0.7	0.5
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	10	0.1	0.3	0.3
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	10	0.1	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Malaysian	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	10	10	0.1	0.3	0.3
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Igorot	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Fulani	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.3
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	10	10	0.0	0.3	0.3
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	7,310	3,625	3,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	10	10	10	0.1	0.3	0.3
Christian	3,975	1,900	2,070	54.4	52.4	56.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	430	185	245	5.9	5.1	6.6
Anabaptist	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Anglican	1,975	960	1,015	27.0	26.5	27.5
Baptist	65	25	35	0.9	0.7	0.9
Catholic	995	495	500	13.6	13.7	13.6
Christian Orthodox	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latter Day Saints	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.5
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	175	85	90	2.4	2.3	2.4
Presbyterian	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	115	45	70	1.6	1.2	1.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	75	40	35	1.0	1.1	0.9
Hindu	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Muslim	90	55	40	1.2	1.5	1.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	50	20	25	0.7	0.6	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	75	35	40	1.0	1.0	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	3,060	1,580	1,475	41.9	43.6	40.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	7,190	3,565	3,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	5,850	2,875	2,970	81.4	80.6	81.8
Movers	1,340	685	660	18.6	19.2	18.2
Non-migrants	820	430	390	11.4	12.1	10.7
Migrants	520	250	265	7.2	7.0	7.3
Internal migrants	505	245	260	7.0	6.9	7.2
Intraprovincial migrants	165	70	90	2.3	2.0	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	340	175	170	4.7	4.9	4.7
External migrants	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	6,690	3,285	3,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	3,215	1,595	1,620	48.1	48.6	47.6
Movers	3,475	1,690	1,785	51.9	51.4	52.4
Non-migrants	1,740	845	890	26.0	25.7	26.1
Migrants	1,740	840	895	26.0	25.6	26.3
Internal migrants	1,600	790	815	23.9	24.0	23.9
Intraprovincial migrants	425	190	230	6.4	5.8	6.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,175	595	580	17.6	18.1	17.0
External migrants	135	55	85	2.0	1.7	2.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,555	2,710	2,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,520	765	750	27.4	28.2	26.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,040	1,945	2,095	72.7	71.8	73.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,390	2,130	2,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	890	455	440	20.3	21.4	19.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,495	1,670	1,825	79.6	78.4	80.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,555	2,710	2,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,355	680	675	24.4	25.1	23.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,210	625	585	21.8	23.1	20.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,995	1,410	1,585	53.9	52.0	55.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,470	770	700	26.5	28.4	24.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	285	220	60	5.1	8.1	2.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	140	85	50	2.5	3.1	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	145	135	10	2.6	5.0	0.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,025	480	540	18.5	17.7	19.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	165	70	100	3.0	2.6	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,520	640	885	27.4	23.6	31.1
Bachelor's degree	920	370	540	16.6	13.7	19.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	105	50	60	1.9	1.8	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	440	185	255	7.9	6.8	9.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	20	15	0.6	0.7	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,385	2,125	2,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	755	380	370	17.2	17.9	16.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	885	460	425	20.2	21.6	18.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,750	1,285	1,465	62.7	60.5	64.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,305	690	615	29.8	32.5	27.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	255	200	60	5.8	9.4	2.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	125	75	50	2.9	3.5	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	135	125	10	3.1	5.9	0.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	905	435	470	20.6	20.5	20.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	140	55	85	3.2	2.6	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,445	600	845	33.0	28.2	37.3
Bachelor's degree	865	350	515	19.7	16.5	22.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	100	40	55	2.3	1.9	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	425	180	250	9.7	8.5	11.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	20	15	0.8	0.9	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	5,560	2,715	2,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,565	1,305	1,265	46.1	48.1	44.5
Education	270	75	195	4.9	2.8	6.9
13. Education	270	75	195	4.9	2.8	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	85	45	45	1.5	1.7	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	75	30	45	1.3	1.1	1.6
Humanities	135	35	105	2.4	1.3	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	45	0.8	0.0	1.6
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	10	10	0.2	0.4	0.4
54. History	25	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	525	185	335	9.4	6.8	11.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	60	1.4	0.7	2.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	20	30	0.9	0.7	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	55	10	45	1.0	0.4	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	115	50	65	2.1	1.8	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
42. Psychology	40	0	35	0.7	0.0	1.2
45. Social sciences	165	75	90	3.0	2.8	3.2
Business, management and public administration	655	260	395	11.8	9.6	13.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	25	80	1.8	0.9	2.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	555	230	315	10.0	8.5	11.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140	70	70	2.5	2.6	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70	25	40	1.3	0.9	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	15	15	0.5	0.6	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
40. Physical sciences	40	25	10	0.7	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	85	65	20	1.5	2.4	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	65	55	10	1.2	2.0	0.4
25. Library science	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	10	0	0.0	0.4	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	10	0	0.0	0.4	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	440	385	50	7.9	14.2	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	20	10	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
14. Engineering	70	60	15	1.3	2.2	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	110	90	20	2.0	3.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	145	140	0	2.6	5.2	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	80	75	0	1.4	2.8	0.0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	95	50	45	1.7	1.8	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	45	40	1.4	1.7	1.4
Health and related fields	365	105	260	6.6	3.9	9.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	40	25	10	0.7	0.9	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	320	75	245	5.8	2.8	8.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	195	130	65	3.5	4.8	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	75	25	45	1.3	0.9	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	60	45	20	1.1	1.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	60	55	0	1.1	2.0	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,390	2,125	2,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,640	840	800	37.4	39.5	35.4
Education	245	70	175	5.6	3.3	7.7
13. Education	245	70	175	5.6	3.3	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	75	35	40	1.7	1.6	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	65	30	35	1.5	1.4	1.5
Humanities	120	25	95	2.7	1.2	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	40	0.9	0.0	1.8
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	20	0.7	0.5	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	10	10	0.3	0.5	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
54. History	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	480	170	305	10.9	8.0	13.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	40	1.3	0.7	1.8
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	15	25	1.0	0.7	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	50	0	50	1.1	0.0	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	110	40	65	2.5	1.9	2.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
42. Psychology	45	10	35	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	160	70	90	3.6	3.3	4.0
Business, management and public administration	610	245	370	13.9	11.5	16.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	95	20	75	2.2	0.9	3.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	510	215	295	11.6	10.1	13.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	130	65	70	3.0	3.1	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	25	40	1.5	1.2	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	15	15	0.6	0.7	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.4
40. Physical sciences	30	20	10	0.7	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	75	60	20	1.7	2.8	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	60	55	10	1.4	2.6	0.4
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	10	10	0.0	0.5	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	400	350	45	9.1	16.5	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	20	15	10	0.5	0.7	0.4
14. Engineering	65	55	15	1.5	2.6	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	105	80	20	2.4	3.8	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	130	125	0	3.0	5.9	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	70	65	0	1.6	3.1	0.0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	90	50	45	2.1	2.4	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	10	10	0.3	0.5	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	75	40	40	1.7	1.9	1.8
Health and related fields	345	100	250	7.9	4.7	11.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	35	30	10	0.8	1.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	300	70	235	6.8	3.3	10.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	175	115	55	4.0	5.4	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	65	30	35	1.5	1.4	1.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	55	45	15	1.3	2.1	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	50	0	1.3	2.4	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	4,390	2,125	2,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,640	840	800	37.4	39.5	35.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,750	1,285	1,465	62.6	60.5	64.8
Location of study inside Canada	2,355	1,110	1,250	53.6	52.2	55.3
Same as province or territory of residence	500	180	320	11.4	8.5	14.2
Different than province or territory of residence	1,850	925	930	42.1	43.5	41.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	390	175	215	8.9	8.2	9.5
Americas	70	40	35	1.6	1.9	1.5
United States of America	55	25	30	1.3	1.2	1.3
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Europe	80	45	40	1.8	2.1	1.8
Belgium	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
France	0	10	10	0.0	0.5	0.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	15	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	0	0.5	0.5	0.0
Africa	75	40	35	1.7	1.9	1.5
Nigeria	25	10	15	0.6	0.5	0.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	45	25	20	1.0	1.2	0.9
Asia	155	55	105	3.5	2.6	4.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	115	35	80	2.6	1.6	3.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	10	10	0.2	0.5	0.4
Australia	10	10	10	0.2	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	5,555	2,710	2,845	...	...	...
In the labour force	4,220	2,105	2,115	...	...	...
Employed	3,915	1,935	1,975	...	...	...
Unemployed	305	165	145	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	1,335	610	730	...	...	...
Participation rate	76.0	77.7	74.3	76.0	77.7	74.3
Employment rate	70.5	71.4	69.4	70.5	71.4	69.4
Unemployment rate	7.2	7.8	6.9	7.2	7.8	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	5,560	2,715	2,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,225	610	610	22.0	22.5	21.4
Worked	4,335	2,100	2,235	78.0	77.3	78.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,065	1,510	1,550	55.1	55.6	54.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	1,275	590	685	22.9	21.7	24.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.4	44.8	44.1	44.4	44.8	44.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	4,220	2,100	2,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70	50	20	1.7	2.4	0.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	4,145	2,050	2,100	98.2	97.6	99.1
Employee	3,955	1,940	2,015	93.7	92.4	95.0
Permanent position	3,055	1,515	1,540	72.4	72.1	72.6
Temporary position	900	425	475	21.3	20.2	22.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	340	165	175	8.1	7.9	8.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	560	260	295	13.3	12.4	13.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	195	110	85	4.6	5.2	4.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	4,220	2,100	2,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70	50	20	1.7	2.4	0.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	4,145	2,050	2,100	98.2	97.6	99.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	135	70	60	3.2	3.3	2.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	995	310	685	23.6	14.8	32.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	260	185	75	6.2	8.8	3.5
3 Health occupations	225	50	170	5.3	2.4	8.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,150	490	660	27.3	23.3	31.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	175	70	105	4.1	3.3	5.0
6 Sales and service occupations	660	355	300	15.6	16.9	14.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	490	460	30	11.6	21.9	1.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	25	20	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	40	35	10	0.9	1.7	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	4,220	2,100	2,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70	50	20	1.7	2.4	0.9
All industries¹⁹¹	4,145	2,050	2,100	98.2	97.6	99.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	15	15	10	0.4	0.7	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	20	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
22 Utilities	70	65	10	1.7	3.1	0.5
23 Construction	165	150	20	3.9	7.1	0.9
31-33 Manufacturing	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
41 Wholesale trade	35	25	10	0.8	1.2	0.5
44-45 Retail trade	245	140	110	5.8	6.7	5.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	180	135	35	4.3	6.4	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	80	45	35	1.9	2.1	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	40	10	25	0.9	0.5	1.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	65	40	25	1.5	1.9	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	170	75	95	4.0	3.6	4.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	130	85	50	3.1	4.0	2.4
61 Educational services	320	115	200	7.6	5.5	9.4
62 Health care and social assistance	400	120	280	9.5	5.7	13.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	100	45	55	2.4	2.1	2.6
72 Accommodation and food services	130	70	65	3.1	3.3	3.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	125	55	70	3.0	2.6	3.3
91 Public administration	1,835	845	995	43.5	40.2	46.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	4,615	2,250	2,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,400	1,755	1,645	73.7	78.0	69.6
French	30	10	15	0.7	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	65	10	55	1.4	0.4	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	65	10	55	1.4	0.4	2.3
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	220	125	100	4.8	5.6	4.2
English and non-official language(s)	870	335	535	18.9	14.9	22.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.7	0.7	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	4,615	2,250	2,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	4,360	2,170	2,190	94.5	96.4	92.6
Official languages	4,125	2,090	2,035	89.4	92.9	86.0
English	4,070	2,060	2,010	88.2	91.6	85.0
French	60	30	25	1.3	1.3	1.1
Non-official languages	235	75	160	5.1	3.3	6.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	235	75	160	5.1	3.3	6.8
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	235	75	155	5.1	3.3	6.6
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	235	75	155	5.1	3.3	6.6
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	255	85	170	5.5	3.8	7.2
English and French	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	225	70	160	4.9	3.1	6.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	4,615	2,250	2,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	3,745	1,860	1,885	81.1	82.7	79.7
English	195	80	110	4.2	3.6	4.7
French	180	105	75	3.9	4.7	3.2
Non-official language	470	195	275	10.2	8.7	11.6
Indigenous³⁹	470	195	275	10.2	8.7	11.6
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	3,910	1,935	1,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	540	230	310	13.8	11.9	15.7
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	260	195	60	6.6	10.1	3.0
Usual place of work	3,110	1,510	1,600	79.5	78.0	81.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,110	1,510	1,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,070	1,485	1,580	98.7	98.3	98.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	35	15	10	1.1	1.0	0.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different province or territory	10	10	10	0.3	0.7	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,365	1,705	1,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	2,510	1,305	1,205	74.6	76.5	72.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	1,830	1,035	800	54.4	60.7	48.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	675	270	410	20.1	15.8	24.7
Public transit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Walked	690	320	365	20.5	18.8	22.0
Bicycle	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other method	155	70	85	4.6	4.1	5.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,365	1,705	1,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,860	1,465	1,395	85.0	85.9	84.0
15 to 29 minutes	435	205	230	12.9	12.0	13.9
30 to 44 minutes	35	10	25	1.0	0.6	1.5
45 to 59 minutes	10	10	10	0.3	0.6	0.6
60 minutes and over	25	20	10	0.7	1.2	0.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,365	1,705	1,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	75	60	15	2.2	3.5	0.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	235	180	60	7.0	10.6	3.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	655	370	285	19.5	21.7	17.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,920	835	1,085	57.1	49.0	65.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	250	135	120	7.4	7.9	7.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	235	135	100	7.0	7.9	6.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,060	1,055	1,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	330	160	170	16.0	15.2	16.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,725	895	835	83.7	84.8	83.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,405	695	710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	225	105	115	16.0	15.1	16.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	160	75	85	11.4	10.8	12.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	65	30	30	4.6	4.3	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,185	590	595	84.3	84.9	83.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 5, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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