Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Fredericton, City (C)More information: New Brunswick [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	63,116	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	58,721^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	29,892	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	28,478	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	471.3	...	...	471.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	133.93	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	63,115	30,205	32,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9,120	4,615	4,505	14.4	15.3	13.7
0 to 4 years	2,760	1,420	1,340	4.4	4.7	4.1
5 to 9 years	3,255	1,650	1,605	5.2	5.5	4.9
10 to 14 years	3,100	1,540	1,555	4.9	5.1	4.7
15 to 64 years	41,455	20,275	21,180	65.7	67.1	64.4
15 to 19 years	3,340	1,670	1,670	5.3	5.5	5.1
20 to 24 years	5,590	2,810	2,780	8.9	9.3	8.4
25 to 29 years	5,005	2,565	2,440	7.9	8.5	7.4
30 to 34 years	4,300	2,130	2,170	6.8	7.1	6.6
35 to 39 years	4,310	2,130	2,185	6.8	7.1	6.6
40 to 44 years	3,995	1,960	2,035	6.3	6.5	6.2
45 to 49 years	3,770	1,765	2,010	6.0	5.8	6.1
50 to 54 years	3,585	1,705	1,885	5.7	5.6	5.7
55 to 59 years	3,830	1,790	2,040	6.1	5.9	6.2
60 to 64 years	3,730	1,755	1,975	5.9	5.8	6.0
65 years and over	12,540	5,320	7,225	19.9	17.6	22.0
65 to 69 years	3,555	1,565	1,990	5.6	5.2	6.0
70 to 74 years	3,275	1,445	1,835	5.2	4.8	5.6
75 to 79 years	2,340	1,015	1,325	3.7	3.4	4.0
80 to 84 years	1,735	735	995	2.7	2.4	3.0
85 years and over	1,650	565	1,085	2.6	1.9	3.3
85 to 89 years	995	370	625	1.6	1.2	1.9
90 to 94 years	500	150	355	0.8	0.5	1.1
95 to 99 years	135	35	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	15.3	13.7	14.4	15.3	13.7
15 to 64 years	65.7	67.1	64.4	65.7	67.1	64.4
65 years and over	19.9	17.6	22.0	19.9	17.6	22.0
85 years and over	2.6	1.9	3.3	2.6	1.9	3.3
Average age of the population	41.7	40.2	43.0	41.7	40.2	43.0
Median age of the population	40.0	38.0	41.6	40.0	38.0	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	28,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	12,460	...	...	43.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	790	...	...	2.8	...	...
Row house	1,245	...	...	4.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,375	...	...	8.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,930	...	...	34.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	420	...	...	1.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	170	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,095	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	28,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,690	...	...	34.0	...	...
2 persons	10,675	...	...	37.5	...	...
3 persons	3,815	...	...	13.4	...	...
4 persons	2,915	...	...	10.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,390	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	61,835	29,690	32,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	53,995	25,590	28,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	28,895	14,445	14,445	53.5	56.4	50.8
Married	22,570	11,285	11,285	41.8	44.1	39.7
Living common-law	6,320	3,160	3,165	11.7	12.3	11.1
Living common law - Never married	4,840	2,440	2,405	9.0	9.5	8.5
Living common law - Separated	300	160	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,045	510	530	1.9	2.0	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	135	50	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	25,105	11,145	13,965	46.5	43.6	49.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	16,740	8,705	8,035	31.0	34.0	28.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,675	665	1,010	3.1	2.6	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,495	1,180	2,315	6.5	4.6	8.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,200	600	2,600	5.9	2.3	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	16,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,915	...	...	58.5	...	...
3 persons	3,315	...	...	19.6	...	...
4 persons	2,680	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,045	...	...	6.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	16,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	14,165	...	...	83.5	...	...
Married couples	11,000	...	...	64.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,150	...	...	30.4	...	...
Without children	5,850	...	...	34.5	...	...
Common-law couples	3,165	...	...	18.7	...	...
With children⁶	925	...	...	5.5	...	...
Without children	2,240	...	...	13.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,795	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,250	...	...	13.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	540	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	61,835	29,690	32,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	46,200	22,575	23,625	74.7	76.0	73.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	28,330	14,150	14,175	45.8	47.7	44.1
Parents in one-parent families	2,790	545	2,250	4.5	1.8	7.0
Children⁶	15,080	7,880	7,200	24.4	26.5	22.4
In a two-parent family	11,005	5,665	5,340	17.8	19.1	16.6
In a one-parent family	4,075	2,215	1,855	6.6	7.5	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,640	7,120	8,515	25.3	24.0	26.5
Living alone	9,695	3,900	5,790	15.7	13.1	18.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,165	495	675	1.9	1.7	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	4,780	2,725	2,050	7.7	9.2	6.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	28,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	15,635	...	...	54.9	...	...
Couple-family households	13,265	...	...	46.6	...	...
With children⁶	5,700	...	...	20.0	...	...
Without children	7,565	...	...	26.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,370	...	...	8.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	335	...	...	1.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	660	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,070	...	...	7.3	...	...
One-person households	9,690	...	...	34.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	52,730	25,085	27,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,985	24,205	26,785	96.7	96.5	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,400	37,200	40,400	44,400	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,000	24,210	26,785	96.7	96.5	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,200	33,600	36,000	39,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,520	22,520	23,990	88.2	89.8	86.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,000	29,800	34,400	40,000	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,150	18,715	18,430	70.5	74.6	66.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,400	31,400	34,400	38,400	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,955	17,425	22,520	75.8	69.5	81.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,700	10,800	10,300	9,700	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,860	2,870	2,995	11.1	11.4	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,305	6,255	7,045	25.2	24.9	25.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,500	8,000	7,500	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	52,730	25,080	27,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,025	24,185	26,840	96.8	96.4	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,080	57,250	45,520	51,080	57,250	45,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,040	24,200	26,840	96.8	96.5	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,520	46,880	38,560	42,520	46,880	38,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,590	22,495	24,095	88.4	89.7	87.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,680	53,650	40,160	46,680	53,650	40,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,145	18,725	18,420	70.4	74.7	66.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,040	50,440	39,560	45,040	50,440	39,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,915	17,380	22,535	75.7	69.3	81.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,810	10,240	11,260	10,810	10,240	11,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,555	2,760	2,790	10.5	11.0	10.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,375	6,270	6,480	6,375	6,270	6,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,045	6,240	6,800	24.7	24.9	24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,410	8,240	8,560	8,410	8,240	8,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	52,730	25,080	27,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,085	10,260	8,825	36.2	40.9	31.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	62,400	54,400	58,400	62,400	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,500	72,700	61,450	67,500	72,700	61,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,240	6,510	7,725	27.0	26.0	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,000	16,400	14,000	15,000	16,400	14,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,940	25,400	20,860	22,940	25,400	20,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	87.2	79.2	83.4	87.2	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2	68.2	59.7	64.2	68.2	59.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.6	12.8	20.8	16.6	12.8	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.3	5.8	5.0	4.3	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.7	4.8	4.2	3.7	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	52,735	25,080	27,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,745	880	865	3.3	3.5	3.1
With total income	50,985	24,200	26,785	96.7	96.5	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,955	1,775	2,180	7.8	7.3	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	5,825	2,295	3,530	11.4	9.5	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	8,375	3,560	4,815	16.4	14.7	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	7,110	3,175	3,930	13.9	13.1	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	6,360	2,815	3,545	12.5	11.6	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,675	2,180	2,490	9.2	9.0	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,660	1,975	1,690	7.2	8.2	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,850	1,485	1,365	5.6	6.1	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,240	1,180	1,055	4.4	4.9	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,530	850	685	3.0	3.5	2.6
$100,000 and over	4,405	2,900	1,505	8.6	12.0	5.6
$100,000 to $149,999	3,000	1,910	1,095	5.9	7.9	4.1
$150,000 and over	1,400	990	415	2.7	4.1	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	52,735	25,080	27,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,735	870	860	3.3	3.5	3.1
With after-tax income	51,000	24,215	26,790	96.7	96.6	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,195	1,825	2,375	8.2	7.5	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	6,075	2,405	3,675	11.9	9.9	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	9,855	4,350	5,505	19.3	18.0	20.5
$30,000 to $39,999	8,640	3,800	4,835	16.9	15.7	18.0
$40,000 to $49,999	7,005	3,265	3,740	13.7	13.5	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	4,975	2,530	2,450	9.8	10.4	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,595	1,925	1,665	7.0	7.9	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,330	1,255	1,070	4.6	5.2	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,355	840	510	2.7	3.5	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	880	585	295	1.7	2.4	1.1
$100,000 and over	2,095	1,430	660	4.1	5.9	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,080	705	375	2.1	2.9	1.4
$125,000 and over	1,015	730	285	2.0	3.0	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	52,735	25,080	27,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	15,585	6,365	9,220	29.6	25.4	33.3
With employment income	37,145	18,715	18,430	70.4	74.6	66.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,710	2,200	2,510	12.7	11.8	13.6
$5,000 to $9,999	3,400	1,520	1,880	9.2	8.1	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	4,830	2,235	2,590	13.0	11.9	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	3,890	1,935	1,955	10.5	10.3	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	3,640	1,705	1,930	9.8	9.1	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	3,550	1,645	1,900	9.6	8.8	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	2,790	1,405	1,385	7.5	7.5	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,475	1,370	1,100	6.7	7.3	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,945	1,065	880	5.2	5.7	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,620	840	780	4.4	4.5	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,140	645	500	3.1	3.4	2.7
$100,000 and over	3,160	2,145	1,015	8.5	11.5	5.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,490	960	530	4.0	5.1	2.9
$125,000 and over	1,675	1,185	485	4.5	6.3	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	52,730	25,085	27,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,825	23,610	26,215	94.5	94.1	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,400	33,200	37,200	42,400	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,850	23,615	26,235	94.5	94.1	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200	30,600	33,600	37,200	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,725	22,105	23,615	86.7	88.1	85.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,600	29,600	34,000	39,600	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,810	18,490	18,320	69.8	73.7	66.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,000	30,600	34,000	38,000	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,180	14,820	20,360	66.7	59.1	73.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	5,240	7,000	6,400	5,240	7,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,550	2,255	2,295	8.6	9.0	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,440	5,520	5,480	5,440	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	52,730	25,080	27,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,695	23,570	26,120	94.2	94.0	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,920	54,650	41,840	47,920	54,650	41,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,725	23,580	26,150	94.3	94.0	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,800	44,640	35,440	39,800	44,640	35,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,670	22,070	23,595	86.6	88.0	85.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,880	53,350	38,920	45,880	53,350	38,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,650	18,470	18,175	69.5	73.6	65.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,680	50,240	39,000	44,680	50,240	39,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,100	14,855	20,245	66.6	59.2	73.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,130	7,460	8,620	8,130	7,460	8,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,350	2,170	2,175	8.2	8.7	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,920	6,520	7,320	6,920	6,520	7,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	52,730	25,080	27,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,935	10,200	8,735	35.9	40.7	31.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	57,200	50,400	54,000	57,200	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,900	68,100	56,900	62,900	68,100	56,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,045	5,955	7,085	24.7	23.7	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	20,600	16,200	18,200	20,600	16,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,320	30,640	24,500	27,320	30,640	24,500
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.0	91.4	84.0	88.0	91.4	84.0
Employment income (%)	68.8	72.0	64.8	68.8	72.0	64.8
Government transfers (%)	12.0	8.6	16.0	12.0	8.6	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	28,480	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	18,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	28,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,500	...	...	91,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,200	...	...	76,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,960	...	...	50,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,760	...	...	42,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	18,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...	112,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,400	...	...	93,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	28,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	335	...	...	1.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	445	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	490	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,195	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,100	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,140	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,215	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,295	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,325	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,440	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,345	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,150	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,960	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,615	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,165	...	...	32.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,010	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,040	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,300	...	...	8.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,810	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	28,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	290	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	335	...	...	1.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	460	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	515	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,340	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,320	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,335	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,530	...	...	5.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,585	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,490	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,945	...	...	10.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,660	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,365	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,980	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,615	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,710	...	...	23.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,765	...	...	9.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,765	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,180	...	...	7.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,755	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,465	6,625	7,840	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	36,400	36,400	36,400	36,400	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	32,800	33,600	33,200	32,800	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,750	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,800	...	...	106,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,200	...	...	88,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,200	...	...	145,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,100	...	...	118,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,700	...	...	72,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,750	...	...	63,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,420	6,625	7,795	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,560	44,600	44,560	44,560	44,600	44,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	37,760	38,240	38,000	37,760	38,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	61,835	29,690	32,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,925	5,535	5,390	17.7	18.6	16.8
0 to 5 years	3,365	1,740	1,630	5.4	5.9	5.1
18 to 64 years	39,295	19,140	20,155	63.5	64.5	62.7
65 years and over	11,615	5,020	6,595	18.8	16.9	20.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,320	3,745	4,575	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,920	1,010	915	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	630	335	295	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,880	2,240	2,640	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,520	495	1,020	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.5	12.6	14.2	13.5	12.6	14.2
0 to 17 years (%)	17.6	18.2	16.9	17.6	18.2	16.9
0 to 5 years (%)	18.7	19.2	18.2	18.7	19.2	18.2
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	11.7	13.1	12.4	11.7	13.1
65 years and over (%)	13.1	9.9	15.5	13.1	9.9	15.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	61,840	29,690	32,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,925	5,530	5,395	17.7	18.6	16.8
0 to 5 years	3,365	1,740	1,625	5.4	5.9	5.1
18 to 64 years	39,295	19,140	20,155	63.5	64.5	62.7
65 years and over	11,615	5,015	6,600	18.8	16.9	20.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,770	1,875	1,890	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	640	345	290	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	195	105	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,935	1,470	1,470	...	...	...
65 years and over	195	65	130	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.1	6.3	5.9	6.1	6.3	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	6.3	5.4	5.8	6.3	5.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8	6.3	5.2	5.8	6.3	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5	7.7	7.3	7.5	7.7	7.3
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.3	2.0	1.7	1.3	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	61,835	29,690	32,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	35,350	16,690	18,665	57.2	56.2	58.1
In bottom decile	8,180	3,830	4,350	13.2	12.9	13.5
In second decile	7,255	3,405	3,855	11.7	11.5	12.0
In third decile	7,100	3,310	3,785	11.5	11.1	11.8
In fourth decile	6,675	3,200	3,480	10.8	10.8	10.8
In fifth decile	6,140	2,945	3,200	9.9	9.9	10.0
In top half of the distribution	26,485	13,005	13,480	42.8	43.8	41.9
In sixth decile	5,945	2,880	3,065	9.6	9.7	9.5
In seventh decile	5,680	2,755	2,925	9.2	9.3	9.1
In eighth decile	5,475	2,660	2,815	8.9	9.0	8.8
In ninth decile	4,895	2,440	2,460	7.9	8.2	7.7
In top decile	4,490	2,265	2,225	7.3	7.6	6.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	61,840	...	...	61,840	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.330	...	...	0.330	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.433	...	...	0.433	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	62,250	29,850	32,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	46,595	22,915	23,680	74.9	76.8	73.1
French only	205	85	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	15,100	6,675	8,420	24.3	22.4	26.0
Neither English nor French	360	180	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	62,250	29,850	32,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	57,460	27,705	29,755	92.3	92.8	91.8
French	3,900	1,725	2,170	6.3	5.8	6.7
English and French	560	265	300	0.9	0.9	0.9
Neither English nor French	335	160	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	62,250	29,850	32,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	60,355	28,950	31,405	97.0	97.0	96.9
Official languages	53,705	25,565	28,135	86.3	85.6	86.8
English	49,915	23,895	26,020	80.2	80.1	80.3
French	3,785	1,670	2,115	6.1	5.6	6.5
Non-official languages	6,655	3,380	3,270	10.7	11.3	10.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,610	3,365	3,250	10.6	11.3	10.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,400	730	660	2.2	2.4	2.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,385	725	655	2.2	2.4	2.0
Amharic	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arabic	1,295	675	620	2.1	2.3	1.9
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	75	85	0.2	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	155	75	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	365	160	205	0.6	0.5	0.6
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290	125	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	100	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,960	1,515	1,440	4.8	5.1	4.4
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	630	310	320	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baltic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	610	300	310	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	365	195	175	0.6	0.7	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	30	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	315	145	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	165	80	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	160	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,295	730	565	2.1	2.4	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	925	535	390	1.5	1.8	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	165	100	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	200	110	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	150	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	370	195	175	0.6	0.7	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	305	165	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	285	150	130	0.5	0.5	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	685	320	365	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	180	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	420	200	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	210	115	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	275	130	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	910	465	445	1.5	1.6	1.4
Chinese languages	890	455	440	1.4	1.5	1.4
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	745	385	360	1.2	1.3	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,900	905	995	3.1	3.0	3.1
English and French	860	380	480	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	860	430	435	1.4	1.4	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	62,250	29,850	32,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	50,905	24,365	26,540	81.8	81.6	81.9
French	1,380	620	765	2.2	2.1	2.4
Non-official language	1,960	1,010	955	3.1	3.4	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,955	1,005	950	3.1	3.4	2.9
English and French	2,735	1,205	1,530	4.4	4.0	4.7
English and non-official language(s)	4,590	2,335	2,255	7.4	7.8	7.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	475	230	245	0.8	0.8	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	150	75	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	62,250	29,850	32,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	60,565	28,985	31,585	97.3	97.1	97.5
Official languages	56,495	26,910	29,585	90.8	90.2	91.3
English	54,565	26,055	28,515	87.7	87.3	88.0
French	1,925	850	1,075	3.1	2.8	3.3
Non-official languages	4,075	2,075	2,000	6.5	7.0	6.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,065	2,075	1,990	6.5	7.0	6.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	980	495	485	1.6	1.7	1.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	970	490	480	1.6	1.6	1.5
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	920	455	460	1.5	1.5	1.4
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	180	80	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,695	885	815	2.7	3.0	2.5
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	400	215	190	0.6	0.7	0.6
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	400	205	190	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	275	150	125	0.4	0.5	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	30	15	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	840	450	390	1.3	1.5	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	580	325	250	0.9	1.1	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	100	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	135	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	90	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	265	125	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	215	110	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	200	105	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	400	195	200	0.6	0.7	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	235	115	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	170	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	645	330	320	1.0	1.1	1.0
Chinese languages	635	320	315	1.0	1.1	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	565	285	280	0.9	1.0	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,690	870	820	2.7	2.9	2.5
English and French	495	240	255	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,090	575	515	1.8	1.9	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	62,250	29,855	32,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,655	26,720	28,930	89.4	89.5	89.3
English	2,120	1,045	1,075	3.4	3.5	3.3
French	1,835	795	1,040	2.9	2.7	3.2
Non-official language	1,835	885	945	2.9	3.0	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,800	865	930	2.9	2.9	2.9
English and French	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	270	140	125	0.4	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	205	105	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	230	120	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	61,840	29,705	32,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	61,470	29,540	31,930	99.4	99.4	99.4
English	61,310	29,485	31,825	99.1	99.3	99.0
French	15,175	6,810	8,365	24.5	22.9	26.0
Non-official languages	9,300	4,575	4,725	15.0	15.4	14.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Algonquian languages	95	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	85	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mi'kmaq	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,215	4,525	4,690	14.9	15.2	14.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,020	1,020	990	3.3	3.4	3.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somali	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,950	990	960	3.2	3.3	3.0
Amharic	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,730	870	860	2.8	2.9	2.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	140	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	105	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	180	100	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	610	265	340	1.0	0.9	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	515	210	310	0.8	0.7	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	260	135	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kannada	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	150	75	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Telugu	80	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,515	2,170	2,340	7.3	7.3	7.3
Albanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	775	365	405	1.3	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages	755	350	405	1.2	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	515	250	265	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	120	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	205	85	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	605	285	325	1.0	1.0	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	455	210	240	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	450	210	235	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,670	890	780	2.7	3.0	2.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,310	675	630	2.1	2.3	2.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	210	110	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Gujarati	120	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	730	385	345	1.2	1.3	1.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	100	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nepali	150	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	340	180	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	235	130	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	370	220	150	0.6	0.7	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	335	210	125	0.5	0.7	0.4
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	320	190	125	0.5	0.6	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,565	660	910	2.5	2.2	2.8
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	220	100	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	220	125	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romanian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,250	500	755	2.0	1.7	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	225	115	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	510	260	245	0.8	0.9	0.8
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	310	160	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	110	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	110	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,055	560	500	1.7	1.9	1.6
Chinese languages	1,050	560	495	1.7	1.9	1.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	945	510	435	1.5	1.7	1.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	61,835	29,705	32,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,180	935	1,250	3.5	3.1	3.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,065	890	1,170	3.3	3.0	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,535	635	895	2.5	2.1	2.8
Métis	435	205	230	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	59,655	28,765	30,890	96.5	96.8	96.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	61,835	29,705	32,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,110	455	655	1.8	1.5	2.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	60,725	29,245	31,475	98.2	98.5	98.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	28,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	16,110	...	...	56.6	...	...
Renter	12,365	...	...	43.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	28,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,920	...	...	6.7	...	...
Not condominium	26,555	...	...	93.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	28,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	3,535	...	...	12.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,635	...	...	33.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,305	...	...	29.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,865	...	...	24.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	28,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,825	...	...	31.0	...	...
5 rooms	4,960	...	...	17.4	...	...
6 rooms	3,945	...	...	13.9	...	...
7 rooms	2,810	...	...	9.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,935	...	...	27.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	28,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	28,070	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	410	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	28,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	27,490	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	990	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	28,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,615	...	...	19.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,150	...	...	28.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,845	...	...	10.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,545	...	...	12.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,025	...	...	7.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,355	...	...	8.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,105	...	...	7.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,835	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	28,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	26,690	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,785	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	28,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,160	...	...	53.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	12,380	...	...	43.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	940	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	28,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,260	...	...	7.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,840	...	...	17.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,610	...	...	16.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,265	...	...	15.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,635	...	...	16.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,310	...	...	15.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,560	...	...	9.0	...	...
85 years and over	990	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	28,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,765	...	...	80.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,575	...	...	19.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,060	...	...	17.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	28,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,695	...	...	27.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,015	...	...	17.6	...	...
Not suitable only	770	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,260	...	...	4.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	435	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,780	...	...	73.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	27,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,515	...	...	9.0	...	...
Not in core need	25,310	...	...	90.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,100	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.7	...	...	59.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060	...	...	1,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,189	...	...	1,189	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	273,600	...	...	273,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,365	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.9	...	...	32.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.8	...	...	16.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	61,835	29,700	32,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	955	405	550	1.5	1.4	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	955	400	550	1.5	1.3	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	845	350	495	1.4	1.2	1.5
Métis single ancestry	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,270	980	1,295	3.7	3.3	4.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,205	940	1,260	3.6	3.2	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,740	730	1,010	2.8	2.5	3.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	410	180	230	0.7	0.6	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	58,610	28,320	30,290	94.8	95.4	94.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	61,835	29,700	32,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	55,870	26,700	29,165	90.4	89.9	90.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,475	4,730	4,745	15.3	15.9	14.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	46,400	21,970	24,425	75.0	74.0	76.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,965	3,000	2,965	9.6	10.1	9.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	61,835	29,700	32,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	52,300	25,000	27,300	84.6	84.2	85.0
Immigrants⁸¹	7,790	3,760	4,030	12.6	12.7	12.5
Before 1980	1,115	460	650	1.8	1.5	2.0
1980 to 1990	305	150	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	600	250	345	1.0	0.8	1.1
2001 to 2010	1,270	640	630	2.1	2.2	2.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,500	2,245	2,255	7.3	7.6	7.0
2011 to 2015	1,025	525	500	1.7	1.8	1.6
2016 to 2021	3,475	1,720	1,750	5.6	5.8	5.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,745	945	805	2.8	3.2	2.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,790	3,760	4,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	835	420	415	10.7	11.2	10.3
5 to 14 years	1,680	825	850	21.6	21.9	21.1
15 to 24 years	1,055	430	625	13.5	11.4	15.5
25 to 44 years	3,670	1,760	1,915	47.1	46.8	47.5
45 years and over	550	325	225	7.1	8.6	5.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,790	3,760	4,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	930	410	515	11.9	10.9	12.8
Brazil	30	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
Colombia	40	25	20	0.5	0.7	0.5
El Salvador	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Guyana	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	50	15	35	0.6	0.4	0.9
Mexico	35	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
United States of America	570	260	315	7.3	6.9	7.8
Other places of birth in Americas	145	65	80	1.9	1.7	2.0
Europe	1,705	790	915	21.9	21.0	22.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	20	40	0.7	0.5	1.0
Croatia	20	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
France	55	30	30	0.7	0.8	0.7
Germany	120	60	65	1.5	1.6	1.6
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Italy	35	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Netherlands	50	30	15	0.6	0.8	0.4
Poland	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Portugal	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Romania	50	15	35	0.6	0.4	0.9
Russian Federation	130	65	60	1.7	1.7	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	165	70	95	2.1	1.9	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	765	355	405	9.8	9.4	10.0
Other places of birth in Europe	180	80	100	2.3	2.1	2.5
Africa	1,195	630	565	15.3	16.8	14.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	185	75	110	2.4	2.0	2.7
Egypt	295	175	125	3.8	4.7	3.1
Eritrea	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Ethiopia	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
Morocco	25	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	160	75	80	2.1	2.0	2.0
Somalia	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	15	35	0.6	0.4	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	380	215	160	4.9	5.7	4.0
Asia	3,935	1,915	2,015	50.5	50.9	49.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	240	145	100	3.1	3.9	2.5
Iraq	60	30	35	0.8	0.8	0.9
Lebanon	205	100	105	2.6	2.7	2.6
Syria⁸⁹	505	240	260	6.5	6.4	6.4
Turkey	50	25	25	0.6	0.7	0.6
China⁹⁰	650	335	310	8.3	8.9	7.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	20	25	0.6	0.5	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	170	80	90	2.2	2.1	2.2
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Philippines	500	205	295	6.4	5.5	7.3
Viet Nam	140	80	60	1.8	2.1	1.5
Bangladesh	140	80	65	1.8	2.1	1.6
India	455	240	210	5.8	6.4	5.2
Pakistan	160	90	75	2.1	2.4	1.9
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	575	235	340	7.4	6.3	8.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,475	1,720	1,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	210	100	115	6.0	5.8	6.6
Brazil	25	15	10	0.7	0.9	0.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mexico	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.9
United States of America	55	30	30	1.6	1.7	1.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Other places of birth in Americas	75	40	35	2.2	2.3	2.0
Europe	315	175	140	9.1	10.2	8.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	95	50	50	2.7	2.9	2.9
Ukraine	105	50	55	3.0	2.9	3.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	30	20	1.4	1.7	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	45	25	15	1.3	1.5	0.9
Africa	800	400	395	23.0	23.3	22.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	60	35	25	1.7	2.0	1.4
Cameroon	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	125	35	95	3.6	2.0	5.4
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	240	135	105	6.9	7.8	6.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	150	70	75	4.3	4.1	4.3
Somalia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Sudan⁹⁷	35	20	10	1.0	1.2	0.6
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	105	65	40	3.0	3.8	2.3
Asia	2,140	1,040	1,095	61.6	60.5	62.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	100	55	45	2.9	3.2	2.6
China⁹⁰	245	125	120	7.1	7.3	6.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	290	165	125	8.3	9.6	7.1
Iran⁸⁸	90	50	40	2.6	2.9	2.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	60	25	35	1.7	1.5	2.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	30	20	15	0.9	1.2	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	0.9	0.9	0.9
Lebanon	65	25	40	1.9	1.5	2.3
Nepal	60	25	35	1.7	1.5	2.0
Pakistan	100	50	50	2.9	2.9	2.9
Philippines	300	135	170	8.6	7.8	9.7
Saudi Arabia	65	35	35	1.9	2.0	2.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	490	230	255	14.1	13.4	14.6
Turkey	30	15	15	0.9	0.9	0.9
United Arab Emirates	75	15	55	2.2	0.9	3.1
Viet Nam	60	45	15	1.7	2.6	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	40	15	25	1.2	0.9	1.4
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	61,835	29,705	32,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,200	5,025	5,170	16.5	16.9	16.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,715	2,785	2,930	9.2	9.4	9.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	45,925	21,890	24,030	74.3	73.7	74.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,675	3,290	3,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,500	2,340	2,160	67.4	71.1	63.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,690	1,145	550	25.3	34.8	16.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,805	1,195	1,610	42.0	36.3	47.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	850	290	565	12.7	8.8	16.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,315	665	655	19.7	20.2	19.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,675	3,290	3,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	45	20	1.0	1.4	0.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	775	390	390	11.6	11.9	11.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	360	175	185	5.4	5.3	5.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	535	305	230	8.0	9.3	6.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,920	2,385	2,535	73.7	72.5	75.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	61,835	29,705	32,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,660	4,355	4,300	14.0	14.7	13.4
South Asian	1,775	900	875	2.9	3.0	2.7
Chinese	1,135	575	560	1.8	1.9	1.7
Black	1,780	875	905	2.9	2.9	2.8
Filipino	600	265	340	1.0	0.9	1.1
Arab	1,555	790	760	2.5	2.7	2.4
Latin American	520	260	260	0.8	0.9	0.8
Southeast Asian	315	165	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
West Asian	440	240	200	0.7	0.8	0.6
Korean	225	120	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Japanese	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	175	100	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	53,175	25,345	27,835	86.0	85.3	86.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	61,840	29,705	32,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,435	4,520	4,915	15.3	15.2	15.3
English	15,495	7,255	8,235	25.1	24.4	25.6
Irish	16,480	7,715	8,765	26.6	26.0	27.3
Scottish	15,340	7,230	8,115	24.8	24.3	25.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,950	3,820	4,130	12.9	12.9	12.9
German	3,590	1,705	1,885	5.8	5.7	5.9
Chinese	1,220	610	605	2.0	2.1	1.9
Italian	885	420	465	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indian (India)	875	440	440	1.4	1.5	1.4
Ukrainian	755	350	400	1.2	1.2	1.2
Dutch	1,795	845	945	2.9	2.8	2.9
Polish	540	255	285	0.9	0.9	0.9
Québécois	210	130	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,300	1,105	1,195	3.7	3.7	3.7
Filipino	640	285	350	1.0	1.0	1.1
French Canadian	600	280	320	1.0	0.9	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,900	1,405	1,495	4.7	4.7	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	975	400	580	1.6	1.3	1.8
Métis	480	215	265	0.8	0.7	0.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,280	615	660	2.1	2.1	2.1
Russian	450	225	225	0.7	0.8	0.7
Norwegian	450	215	240	0.7	0.7	0.7
Welsh	1,845	805	1,040	3.0	2.7	3.2
Portuguese	220	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
American	615	280	340	1.0	0.9	1.1
Spanish	375	205	170	0.6	0.7	0.5
Swedish	310	135	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hungarian	230	120	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Acadian	3,520	1,580	1,940	5.7	5.3	6.0
Pakistani	245	105	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	550	255	290	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jewish	405	200	195	0.7	0.7	0.6
Punjabi	90	45	50	0.1	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	205	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	385	225	165	0.6	0.8	0.5
Greek	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	205	105	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romanian	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	625	335	295	1.0	1.1	0.9
Iranian	300	160	140	0.5	0.5	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	230	125	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Danish	545	255	285	0.9	0.9	0.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	450	165	280	0.7	0.6	0.9
Sikh	30	15	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Austrian	170	95	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Belgian	170	65	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	95	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	195	115	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swiss	85	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Finnish	120	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sri Lankan	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	620	275	340	1.0	0.9	1.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	270	115	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Muslim	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	430	240	190	0.7	0.8	0.6
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombian	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	540	250	290	0.9	0.8	0.9
Guyanese	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	105	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	245	100	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hong Konger	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	90	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bangladeshi	145	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Algerian	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	30	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somali	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	165	65	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	155	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	200	105	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ethiopian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	1,310	585	720	2.1	2.0	2.2
Gujarati	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Israeli	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bengali	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Guatemalan	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	130	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	30	15	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	55	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	100	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	30	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	135	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maliseet	310	150	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	61,835	29,705	32,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	225	145	80	0.4	0.5	0.2
Christian	32,295	14,285	18,015	52.2	48.1	56.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,815	2,290	2,525	7.8	7.7	7.9
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	3,575	1,570	2,005	5.8	5.3	6.2
Baptist	3,880	1,690	2,190	6.3	5.7	6.8
Catholic	11,775	5,195	6,575	19.0	17.5	20.5
Christian Orthodox	320	135	185	0.5	0.5	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	100	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lutheran	125	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	585	260	325	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,070	430	635	1.7	1.4	2.0
Presbyterian	625	290	335	1.0	1.0	1.0
Reformed	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Church	3,810	1,645	2,165	6.2	5.5	6.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,505	630	875	2.4	2.1	2.7
Hindu	820	415	405	1.3	1.4	1.3
Jewish	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Muslim	2,305	1,165	1,135	3.7	3.9	3.5
Sikh	190	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	670	245	425	1.1	0.8	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	25,150	13,285	11,865	40.7	44.7	36.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	61,270	29,395	31,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	50,560	24,140	26,415	82.5	82.1	82.9
Movers	10,720	5,255	5,465	17.5	17.9	17.1
Non-migrants	6,910	3,430	3,485	11.3	11.7	10.9
Migrants	3,810	1,830	1,980	6.2	6.2	6.2
Internal migrants	3,175	1,530	1,650	5.2	5.2	5.2
Intraprovincial migrants	1,840	905	930	3.0	3.1	2.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,340	625	715	2.2	2.1	2.2
External migrants	635	300	335	1.0	1.0	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	59,065	28,255	30,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	29,730	14,015	15,710	50.3	49.6	51.0
Movers	29,335	14,245	15,095	49.7	50.4	49.0
Non-migrants	12,285	5,930	6,360	20.8	21.0	20.6
Migrants	17,050	8,310	8,740	28.9	29.4	28.4
Internal migrants	12,910	6,230	6,675	21.9	22.0	21.7
Intraprovincial migrants	8,100	3,855	4,250	13.7	13.6	13.8
Interprovincial migrants	4,805	2,380	2,430	8.1	8.4	7.9
External migrants	4,140	2,075	2,060	7.0	7.3	6.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,730	25,080	27,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,905	2,925	2,985	11.2	11.7	10.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,820	22,155	24,665	88.8	88.3	89.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,215	15,680	16,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,720	965	755	5.3	6.2	4.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	30,495	14,715	15,780	94.7	93.8	95.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,730	25,080	27,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,345	2,630	2,715	10.1	10.5	9.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,255	7,130	7,125	27.0	28.4	25.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,130	15,320	17,810	62.8	61.1	64.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,910	5,725	7,180	24.5	22.8	26.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,515	1,595	925	4.8	6.4	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,330	635	700	2.5	2.5	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,185	960	225	2.2	3.8	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,395	3,785	5,615	17.8	15.1	20.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	995	345	645	1.9	1.4	2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,220	9,595	10,630	38.3	38.3	38.4
Bachelor's degree	13,080	5,995	7,085	24.8	23.9	25.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	895	390	505	1.7	1.6	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	420	215	205	0.8	0.9	0.7
Master's degree	4,745	2,300	2,445	9.0	9.2	8.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,090	695	395	2.1	2.8	1.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,220	15,680	16,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,545	870	680	4.8	5.5	4.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,145	3,885	3,265	22.2	24.8	19.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,525	10,930	12,595	73.0	69.7	76.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,380	3,850	4,535	26.0	24.6	27.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,495	970	525	4.6	6.2	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	800	395	405	2.5	2.5	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	695	575	120	2.2	3.7	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,255	2,650	3,605	19.4	16.9	21.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	630	230	400	2.0	1.5	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,145	7,080	8,065	47.0	45.2	48.8
Bachelor's degree	9,700	4,475	5,225	30.1	28.5	31.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	625	260	365	1.9	1.7	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	350	155	190	1.1	1.0	1.1
Master's degree	3,730	1,745	1,980	11.6	11.1	12.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	745	435	305	2.3	2.8	1.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,735	25,080	27,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,600	9,760	9,840	37.2	38.9	35.6
Education	2,950	775	2,175	5.6	3.1	7.9
13. Education	2,950	775	2,175	5.6	3.1	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,050	405	645	2.0	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	950	340	615	1.8	1.4	2.2
Humanities	2,425	1,030	1,390	4.6	4.1	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	165	35	130	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	550	200	350	1.0	0.8	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	655	195	455	1.2	0.8	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	175	95	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	145	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
54. History	495	285	205	0.9	1.1	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,510	1,565	2,940	8.6	6.2	10.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	380	160	215	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	490	45	445	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	745	280	465	1.4	1.1	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	1,075	205	870	2.0	0.8	3.1
45. Social sciences	1,660	815	845	3.1	3.2	3.1
Business, management and public administration	6,675	2,470	4,200	12.7	9.8	15.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	630	150	485	1.2	0.6	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,020	2,315	3,710	11.4	9.2	13.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,605	775	830	3.0	3.1	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	675	255	415	1.3	1.0	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345	175	170	0.7	0.7	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	480	330	150	0.9	1.3	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,240	1,580	660	4.2	6.3	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,915	1,420	500	3.6	5.7	1.8
25. Library science	140	55	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	170	95	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,005	4,420	585	9.5	17.6	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	135	80	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	2,125	1,765	365	4.0	7.0	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	980	875	105	1.9	3.5	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	890	850	35	1.7	3.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	620	595	25	1.2	2.4	0.1
48. Precision production	260	255	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	905	580	325	1.7	2.3	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	305	140	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	600	435	165	1.1	1.7	0.6
Health and related fields	4,255	965	3,285	8.1	3.8	11.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	495	270	225	0.9	1.1	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,585	605	2,975	6.8	2.4	10.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	160	90	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,505	745	760	2.9	3.0	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	925	265	660	1.8	1.1	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	315	240	70	0.6	1.0	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	220	205	20	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	32,215	15,680	16,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,695	4,755	3,940	27.0	30.3	23.8
Education	1,695	465	1,230	5.3	3.0	7.4
13. Education	1,695	465	1,230	5.3	3.0	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	760	305	455	2.4	1.9	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	45	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	700	260	440	2.2	1.7	2.7
Humanities	1,690	695	995	5.2	4.4	6.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	30	115	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	405	150	255	1.3	1.0	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	140	340	1.5	0.9	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	65	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	70	40	0.4	0.4	0.2
54. History	315	190	125	1.0	1.2	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,410	1,105	2,305	10.6	7.0	13.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	320	135	190	1.0	0.9	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	340	25	315	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	575	185	395	1.8	1.2	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	25	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	815	130	680	2.5	0.8	4.1
45. Social sciences	1,245	605	640	3.9	3.9	3.9
Business, management and public administration	4,825	1,815	3,010	15.0	11.6	18.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	460	80	380	1.4	0.5	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,355	1,730	2,630	13.5	11.0	15.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,115	535	575	3.5	3.4	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	475	180	295	1.5	1.1	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	125	115	0.7	0.8	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	335	220	115	1.0	1.4	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,860	1,345	515	5.8	8.6	3.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,665	1,245	420	5.2	7.9	2.5
25. Library science	90	40	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,480	2,985	490	10.8	19.0	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	90	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,640	1,325	310	5.1	8.5	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	690	610	80	2.1	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	550	520	30	1.7	3.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	345	320	20	1.1	2.0	0.1
48. Precision production	160	155	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	640	395	245	2.0	2.5	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	230	110	115	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	415	290	130	1.3	1.8	0.8
Health and related fields	2,980	725	2,250	9.3	4.6	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	340	185	155	1.1	1.2	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,475	465	2,015	7.7	3.0	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	75	70	0.5	0.5	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,060	545	515	3.3	3.5	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	640	205	435	2.0	1.3	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	220	170	55	0.7	1.1	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	160	145	20	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	32,215	15,680	16,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,695	4,755	3,940	27.0	30.3	23.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	23,520	10,925	12,595	73.0	69.7	76.2
Location of study inside Canada	20,155	9,270	10,885	62.6	59.1	65.8
Same as province or territory of residence	15,005	6,965	8,040	46.6	44.4	48.6
Different than province or territory of residence	5,150	2,310	2,845	16.0	14.7	17.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,370	1,660	1,710	10.5	10.6	10.3
Americas	700	345	350	2.2	2.2	2.1
United States of America	440	235	205	1.4	1.5	1.2
Mexico	55	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	750	385	365	2.3	2.5	2.2
Belgium	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
France	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	120	65	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	330	180	150	1.0	1.1	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	420	215	205	1.3	1.4	1.2
Nigeria	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	160	85	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	155	75	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
Asia	1,445	685	755	4.5	4.4	4.6
Iran⁸⁸	100	55	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iraq	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israel	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkey	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	225	125	100	0.7	0.8	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	320	140	185	1.0	0.9	1.1
Viet Nam	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	55	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	305	140	165	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pakistan	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	115	65	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Oceania	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	52,730	25,080	27,650	...	...	...
In the labour force	34,905	17,790	17,115	...	...	...
Employed	31,920	16,195	15,730	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,985	1,600	1,385	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	17,825	7,290	10,540	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.2	70.9	61.9	66.2	70.9	61.9
Employment rate	60.5	64.6	56.9	60.5	64.6	56.9
Unemployment rate	8.6	9.0	8.1	8.6	9.0	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	52,735	25,080	27,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	17,985	7,450	10,540	34.1	29.7	38.1
Worked	34,740	17,635	17,110	65.9	70.3	61.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,535	10,580	8,960	37.0	42.2	32.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,200	7,050	8,150	28.8	28.1	29.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.4	41.6	42.0	42.4	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	34,905	17,795	17,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	780	395	385	2.2	2.2	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	34,130	17,400	16,730	97.8	97.8	97.8
Employee	30,680	15,360	15,325	87.9	86.3	89.5
Permanent position	24,425	12,275	12,145	70.0	69.0	71.0
Temporary position	6,260	3,090	3,175	17.9	17.4	18.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,180	1,085	1,095	6.2	6.1	6.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,075	2,000	2,080	11.7	11.2	12.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,445	2,040	1,405	9.9	11.5	8.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	34,905	17,795	17,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	780	395	385	2.2	2.2	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	34,130	17,400	16,730	97.8	97.8	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	455	320	135	1.3	1.8	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,840	1,995	3,840	16.7	11.2	22.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,065	3,200	865	11.6	18.0	5.1
3 Health occupations	2,835	615	2,220	8.1	3.5	13.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,215	2,620	3,595	17.8	14.7	21.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,110	530	575	3.2	3.0	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	9,170	4,170	5,000	26.3	23.4	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,475	3,195	285	10.0	18.0	1.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	430	335	95	1.2	1.9	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	530	420	115	1.5	2.4	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	34,905	17,795	17,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	780	395	385	2.2	2.2	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	34,130	17,400	16,730	97.8	97.8	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	295	205	95	0.8	1.2	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
22 Utilities	660	440	225	1.9	2.5	1.3
23 Construction	1,665	1,480	185	4.8	8.3	1.1
31-33 Manufacturing	915	685	230	2.6	3.8	1.3
41 Wholesale trade	585	435	150	1.7	2.4	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	4,180	2,060	2,120	12.0	11.6	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,095	740	360	3.1	4.2	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	975	635	345	2.8	3.6	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	985	430	550	2.8	2.4	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	445	235	210	1.3	1.3	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,505	2,275	1,225	10.0	12.8	7.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,395	845	550	4.0	4.7	3.2
61 Educational services	3,720	1,515	2,200	10.7	8.5	12.9
62 Health care and social assistance	4,590	975	3,615	13.1	5.5	21.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	490	255	235	1.4	1.4	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	2,580	1,180	1,400	7.4	6.6	8.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,490	635	860	4.3	3.6	5.0
91 Public administration	4,425	2,315	2,110	12.7	13.0	12.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	37,165	18,820	18,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	32,745	17,030	15,715	88.1	90.5	85.7
French	310	95	215	0.8	0.5	1.2
Non-official language	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	3,610	1,445	2,160	9.7	7.7	11.8
English and non-official language(s)	385	190	200	1.0	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	37,165	18,820	18,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,615	18,585	18,025	98.5	98.8	98.3
Official languages	36,520	18,530	17,985	98.3	98.5	98.0
English	35,880	18,335	17,545	96.5	97.4	95.6
French	635	195	445	1.7	1.0	2.4
Non-official languages	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	550	230	315	1.5	1.2	1.7
English and French	495	210	290	1.3	1.1	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	37,165	18,820	18,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	33,635	17,385	16,255	90.5	92.4	88.6
English	370	115	250	1.0	0.6	1.4
French	2,795	1,140	1,655	7.5	6.1	9.0
Non-official language	290	130	155	0.8	0.7	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	265	115	150	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	31,920	16,195	15,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,855	3,680	3,175	21.5	22.7	20.2
Worked outside Canada	70	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,015	2,000	1,015	9.4	12.3	6.5
Usual place of work	21,985	10,465	11,520	68.9	64.6	73.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,985	10,465	11,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,860	8,440	10,420	85.8	80.6	90.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,160	720	440	5.3	6.9	3.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,835	1,230	610	8.3	11.8	5.3
Commute to a different province or territory	125	75	50	0.6	0.7	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	24,995	12,465	12,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	21,305	10,775	10,530	85.2	86.4	84.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	18,945	9,970	8,980	75.8	80.0	71.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,360	805	1,545	9.4	6.5	12.3
Public transit	920	355	565	3.7	2.8	4.5
Walked	1,940	865	1,075	7.8	6.9	8.6
Bicycle	345	215	125	1.4	1.7	1.0
Other method	490	250	240	2.0	2.0	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	24,995	12,465	12,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,790	6,320	7,470	55.2	50.7	59.6
15 to 29 minutes	8,805	4,640	4,170	35.2	37.2	33.3
30 to 44 minutes	1,430	905	530	5.7	7.3	4.2
45 to 59 minutes	395	210	185	1.6	1.7	1.5
60 minutes and over	575	390	185	2.3	3.1	1.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	24,995	12,465	12,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	695	475	225	2.8	3.8	1.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,485	1,430	1,060	9.9	11.5	8.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,190	4,245	3,950	32.8	34.1	31.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,910	3,250	3,660	27.6	26.1	29.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,200	1,335	1,865	12.8	10.7	14.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,510	1,735	1,780	14.0	13.9	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	11,170	5,650	5,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,055	1,030	1,025	18.4	18.2	18.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,115	4,625	4,495	81.6	81.9	81.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,210	4,115	4,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,550	760	785	18.9	18.5	19.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,100	525	575	13.4	12.8	14.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	450	240	215	5.5	5.8	5.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,665	3,355	3,310	81.2	81.5	80.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 5, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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