Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mississauga, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove						OntarioMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	717,961	...	...	...	...	...	14,223,942	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	721,599	...	...	...	...	...	13,448,494	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.5	...	...	- 0.5	...	...	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	254,089	...	...	...	...	...	5,929,250	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	244,575	...	...	...	...	...	5,491,201	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,452.5	...	...	2,452.5	...	...	15.9	...	...	15.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	292.74	...	...	...	...	...	892,411.76	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	717,960	351,545	366,415	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,223,945	6,970,855	7,253,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	109,320	55,990	53,325	15.2	15.9	14.6	2,251,795	1,155,630	1,096,160	15.8	16.6	15.1
0 to 4 years	31,595	16,160	15,435	4.4	4.6	4.2	683,515	350,035	333,480	4.8	5.0	4.6
5 to 9 years	36,740	18,705	18,040	5.1	5.3	4.9	764,430	392,380	372,050	5.4	5.6	5.1
10 to 14 years	40,980	21,125	19,855	5.7	6.0	5.4	803,850	413,215	390,635	5.7	5.9	5.4
15 to 64 years	489,245	241,065	248,185	68.1	68.6	67.7	9,334,440	4,616,340	4,718,100	65.6	66.2	65.0
15 to 19 years	44,665	23,245	21,425	6.2	6.6	5.8	801,455	413,485	387,970	5.6	5.9	5.3
20 to 24 years	51,660	27,075	24,585	7.2	7.7	6.7	895,600	465,525	430,075	6.3	6.7	5.9
25 to 29 years	51,740	26,945	24,795	7.2	7.7	6.8	975,400	497,185	478,215	6.9	7.1	6.6
30 to 34 years	48,420	24,160	24,265	6.7	6.9	6.6	981,210	487,465	493,745	6.9	7.0	6.8
35 to 39 years	46,900	22,775	24,130	6.5	6.5	6.6	948,030	463,170	484,860	6.7	6.6	6.7
40 to 44 years	44,290	20,520	23,770	6.2	5.8	6.5	890,160	427,860	462,295	6.3	6.1	6.4
45 to 49 years	46,350	21,480	24,865	6.5	6.1	6.8	894,580	430,580	464,005	6.3	6.2	6.4
50 to 54 years	51,670	24,380	27,295	7.2	6.9	7.4	941,270	455,420	485,845	6.6	6.5	6.7
55 to 59 years	55,175	26,900	28,280	7.7	7.7	7.7	1,040,160	507,700	532,465	7.3	7.3	7.3
60 to 64 years	48,360	23,595	24,770	6.7	6.7	6.8	966,575	467,955	498,625	6.8	6.7	6.9
65 years and over	119,400	54,490	64,910	16.6	15.5	17.7	2,637,710	1,198,880	1,438,825	18.5	17.2	19.8
65 to 69 years	37,880	18,130	19,755	5.3	5.2	5.4	813,215	386,325	426,890	5.7	5.5	5.9
70 to 74 years	30,975	14,455	16,520	4.3	4.1	4.5	691,280	325,435	365,840	4.9	4.7	5.0
75 to 79 years	21,165	9,710	11,455	2.9	2.8	3.1	469,485	217,485	252,000	3.3	3.1	3.5
80 to 84 years	14,710	6,675	8,030	2.0	1.9	2.2	325,110	143,070	182,045	2.3	2.1	2.5
85 years and over	14,670	5,520	9,150	2.0	1.6	2.5	338,620	126,565	212,050	2.4	1.8	2.9
85 to 89 years	9,115	3,680	5,440	1.3	1.0	1.5	205,480	83,875	121,605	1.4	1.2	1.7
90 to 94 years	4,285	1,535	2,750	0.6	0.4	0.8	101,430	34,715	66,710	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	1,125	275	845	0.2	0.1	0.2	28,000	7,235	20,770	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	155	35	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,705	745	2,965	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2	15.9	14.6	15.2	15.9	14.6	15.8	16.6	15.1	15.8	16.6	15.1
15 to 64 years	68.1	68.6	67.7	68.1	68.6	67.7	65.6	66.2	65.0	65.6	66.2	65.0
65 years and over	16.6	15.5	17.7	16.6	15.5	17.7	18.5	17.2	19.8	18.5	17.2	19.8
85 years and over	2.0	1.6	2.5	2.0	1.6	2.5	2.4	1.8	2.9	2.4	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	41.1	40.1	42.1	41.1	40.1	42.1	41.8	40.7	42.8	41.8	40.7	42.8
Median age of the population	40.8	39.2	42.4	40.8	39.2	42.4	41.6	40.0	42.8	41.6	40.0	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	90,660	...	...	37.1	...	...	2,942,990	...	...	53.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	26,855	...	...	11.0	...	...	303,260	...	...	5.5	...	...
Row house	34,455	...	...	14.1	...	...	505,265	...	...	9.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,895	...	...	3.2	...	...	181,030	...	...	3.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	17,545	...	...	7.2	...	...	548,785	...	...	10.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	66,830	...	...	27.3	...	...	984,665	...	...	17.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.0	...	...	10,220	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	255	...	...	0.1	...	...	14,985	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	47,335	...	...	19.4	...	...	1,452,540	...	...	26.5	...	...
2 persons	67,705	...	...	27.7	...	...	1,798,040	...	...	32.7	...	...
3 persons	47,360	...	...	19.4	...	...	872,480	...	...	15.9	...	...
4 persons	47,210	...	...	19.3	...	...	825,445	...	...	15.0	...	...
5 or more persons	34,965	...	...	14.3	...	...	542,700	...	...	9.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	712,825	349,900	362,925	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,031,750	6,887,760	7,143,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	608,645	295,555	313,090	100.0	100.0	100.0	11,972,145	5,815,220	6,156,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	342,985	171,345	171,645	56.4	58.0	54.8	6,769,725	3,384,485	3,385,240	56.5	58.2	55.0
Married	316,235	157,940	158,295	52.0	53.4	50.6	5,738,390	2,866,825	2,871,565	47.9	49.3	46.6
Living common-law	26,750	13,405	13,345	4.4	4.5	4.3	1,031,340	517,665	513,670	8.6	8.9	8.3
Living common law - Never married	18,380	9,205	9,180	3.0	3.1	2.9	727,825	366,175	361,650	6.1	6.3	5.9
Living common law - Separated	1,320	750	570	0.2	0.3	0.2	55,440	29,445	25,995	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	6,410	3,165	3,245	1.1	1.1	1.0	220,445	110,510	109,935	1.8	1.9	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	645	285	360	0.1	0.1	0.1	27,625	11,535	16,095	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	265,660	124,210	141,445	43.6	42.0	45.2	5,202,420	2,430,735	2,771,690	43.5	41.8	45.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	190,760	102,375	88,390	31.3	34.6	28.2	3,515,215	1,885,705	1,629,515	29.4	32.4	26.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	14,180	5,415	8,760	2.3	1.8	2.8	333,775	139,675	194,100	2.8	2.4	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30,475	10,680	19,800	5.0	3.6	6.3	695,630	266,865	428,765	5.8	4.6	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	30,240	5,740	24,500	5.0	1.9	7.8	657,800	138,495	519,305	5.5	2.4	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	200,800	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,969,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	81,180	...	...	40.4	...	...	1,936,595	...	...	48.8	...	...
3 persons	50,845	...	...	25.3	...	...	877,660	...	...	22.1	...	...
4 persons	48,155	...	...	24.0	...	...	811,380	...	...	20.4	...	...
5 or more persons	20,620	...	...	10.3	...	...	344,035	...	...	8.7	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	200,800	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,969,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	165,710	...	...	82.5	...	...	3,291,560	...	...	82.9	...	...
Married couples	152,350	...	...	75.9	...	...	2,776,165	...	...	69.9	...	...
With children⁶	100,340	...	...	50.0	...	...	1,571,480	...	...	39.6	...	...
Without children	52,010	...	...	25.9	...	...	1,204,680	...	...	30.3	...	...
Common-law couples	13,355	...	...	6.7	...	...	515,395	...	...	13.0	...	...
With children⁶	5,330	...	...	2.7	...	...	189,835	...	...	4.8	...	...
Without children	8,025	...	...	4.0	...	...	325,560	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	35,090	...	...	17.5	...	...	678,110	...	...	17.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	28,715	...	...	14.3	...	...	538,450	...	...	13.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	6,380	...	...	3.2	...	...	139,660	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	712,825	349,895	362,925	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,031,750	6,887,760	7,143,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	617,560	306,115	311,450	86.6	87.5	85.8	11,601,460	5,741,475	5,859,990	82.7	83.4	82.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	331,415	165,705	165,710	46.5	47.4	45.7	6,583,120	3,292,585	3,290,525	46.9	47.8	46.1
Parents in one-parent families	35,095	6,380	28,715	4.9	1.8	7.9	678,110	139,660	538,450	4.8	2.0	7.5
Children⁶	251,055	134,030	117,025	35.2	38.3	32.2	4,340,235	2,309,225	2,031,005	30.9	33.5	28.4
In a two-parent family	196,690	104,545	92,145	27.6	29.9	25.4	3,281,460	1,736,630	1,544,825	23.4	25.2	21.6
In a one-parent family	54,365	29,485	24,875	7.6	8.4	6.9	1,058,775	572,595	486,185	7.5	8.3	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	95,265	43,785	51,480	13.4	12.5	14.2	2,430,295	1,146,280	1,284,010	17.3	16.6	18.0
Living alone	47,335	20,450	26,890	6.6	5.8	7.4	1,452,540	651,180	801,365	10.4	9.5	11.2
Living with other relatives⁷	23,355	8,670	14,680	3.3	2.5	4.0	388,780	155,465	233,320	2.8	2.3	3.3
Living with non-relatives only	24,575	14,665	9,910	3.4	4.2	2.7	588,970	339,640	249,325	4.2	4.9	3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	158,795	...	...	64.9	...	...	3,347,195	...	...	61.0	...	...
Couple-family households	133,805	...	...	54.7	...	...	2,841,660	...	...	51.7	...	...
With children⁶	87,100	...	...	35.6	...	...	1,517,365	...	...	27.6	...	...
Without children	46,705	...	...	19.1	...	...	1,324,295	...	...	24.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	24,990	...	...	10.2	...	...	505,535	...	...	9.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	15,945	...	...	6.5	...	...	221,120	...	...	4.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	3,305	...	...	1.4	...	...	45,215	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	9,850	...	...	4.0	...	...	184,430	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	9,350	...	...	3.8	...	...	240,700	...	...	4.4	...	...
One-person households	47,335	...	...	19.4	...	...	1,452,540	...	...	26.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	603,590	293,945	309,645	100.0	100.0	100.0	11,782,845	5,733,680	6,049,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	571,335	278,075	293,260	94.7	94.6	94.7	11,294,815	5,485,375	5,809,440	95.9	95.7	96.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,200	35,600	39,200	43,200	35,600	41,200	46,000	37,200	41,200	46,000	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	571,620	278,205	293,415	94.7	94.6	94.8	11,300,805	5,488,490	5,812,320	95.9	95.7	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	33,200	35,600	39,200	33,200	37,200	41,200	34,000	37,200	41,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	502,730	251,855	250,870	83.3	85.7	81.0	10,010,415	4,968,685	5,041,730	85.0	86.7	83.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	29,000	34,800	40,800	29,000	36,000	43,200	29,800	36,000	43,200	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	416,025	214,690	201,345	68.9	73.0	65.0	8,153,180	4,198,670	3,954,510	69.2	73.2	65.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,600	33,600	38,800	43,600	33,600	38,000	43,600	32,800	38,000	43,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	518,755	250,215	268,540	85.9	85.1	86.7	10,239,835	4,910,535	5,329,295	86.9	85.6	88.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,800	6,000	9,500	7,800	6,000	9,500	8,900	6,850	10,400	8,900	6,850	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,615	22,615	30,995	8.9	7.7	10.0	1,054,225	467,500	586,725	8.9	8.2	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,600	5,520	5,640	5,600	5,520	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	188,245	93,920	94,330	31.2	32.0	30.5	3,327,770	1,623,900	1,703,870	28.2	28.3	28.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	9,700	9,000	8,000	9,700	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	603,595	293,930	309,665	100.0	100.0	100.0	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	571,305	278,290	293,015	94.7	94.7	94.6	11,296,770	5,486,720	5,810,050	95.9	95.7	96.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,150	61,900	46,840	54,150	61,900	46,840	56,350	64,900	48,280	56,350	64,900	48,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	571,595	278,435	293,165	94.7	94.7	94.7	11,302,690	5,489,710	5,812,980	95.9	95.8	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,640	49,760	39,800	44,640	49,760	39,800	46,280	51,900	41,000	46,280	51,900	41,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	502,720	252,405	250,315	83.3	85.9	80.8	10,011,345	4,970,240	5,041,105	85.0	86.7	83.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,120	59,450	42,720	51,120	59,450	42,720	52,700	62,350	43,240	52,700	62,350	43,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	416,030	215,060	200,970	68.9	73.2	64.9	8,153,185	4,198,665	3,954,515	69.2	73.2	65.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,450	59,600	44,800	52,450	59,600	44,800	52,600	60,500	44,200	52,600	60,500	44,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	519,055	250,380	268,675	86.0	85.2	86.8	10,242,610	4,912,020	5,330,580	86.9	85.7	88.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,110	8,880	11,260	10,110	8,880	11,260	10,640	9,440	11,740	10,640	9,440	11,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,365	22,595	30,765	8.8	7.7	9.9	1,052,985	466,380	586,605	8.9	8.1	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,300	5,845	6,630	6,300	5,845	6,630	6,640	6,120	7,060	6,640	6,120	7,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	187,375	93,085	94,290	31.0	31.7	30.4	3,321,155	1,619,825	1,701,335	28.2	28.3	28.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,660	9,550	9,770	9,660	9,550	9,770	9,300	9,150	9,450	9,300	9,150	9,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	603,590	293,930	309,665	100.0	100.0	100.0	11,782,825	5,733,365	6,049,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	200,090	111,360	88,735	33.1	37.9	28.7	3,865,695	2,145,810	1,719,885	32.8	37.4	28.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	72,000	61,600	66,500	72,000	61,600	67,000	72,000	61,600	67,000	72,000	61,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,300	89,800	72,700	82,300	89,800	72,700	82,400	90,700	72,000	82,400	90,700	72,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	156,125	74,510	81,615	25.9	25.3	26.4	3,112,160	1,451,440	1,660,720	26.4	25.3	27.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,600	18,200	15,300	16,600	18,200	15,300	17,400	19,400	16,000	17,400	19,400	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,320	30,120	24,740	27,320	30,120	24,740	28,520	32,760	24,820	28,520	32,760	24,820
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.0	87.0	78.0	83.0	87.0	78.0	82.8	87.0	77.8	82.8	87.0	77.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.6	74.4	65.6	70.6	74.4	65.6	67.4	71.4	62.3	67.4	71.4	62.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.0	12.9	22.0	17.0	12.9	22.0	17.1	13.0	22.3	17.1	13.0	22.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.5	5.6	7.7	6.5	5.6	7.7	5.5	4.5	6.7	5.5	4.5	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.9	5.2	6.7	5.9	5.2	6.7	4.9	4.2	5.7	4.9	4.2	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	603,590	293,950	309,645	100.0	100.0	100.0	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	32,255	15,870	16,385	5.3	5.4	5.3	488,030	248,310	239,725	4.1	4.3	4.0
With total income	571,340	278,080	293,260	94.7	94.6	94.7	11,294,815	5,485,375	5,809,440	95.9	95.7	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	59,240	25,220	34,025	10.4	9.1	11.6	977,950	423,650	554,300	8.7	7.7	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	72,465	32,655	39,815	12.7	11.7	13.6	1,383,475	596,755	786,720	12.2	10.9	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	91,495	41,225	50,275	16.0	14.8	17.1	1,752,040	763,295	988,745	15.5	13.9	17.0
$30,000 to $39,999	68,405	30,690	37,715	12.0	11.0	12.9	1,388,215	609,735	778,480	12.3	11.1	13.4
$40,000 to $49,999	56,785	25,965	30,820	9.9	9.3	10.5	1,190,885	547,655	643,230	10.5	10.0	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	47,345	22,500	24,850	8.3	8.1	8.5	985,270	468,060	517,205	8.7	8.5	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	37,410	18,550	18,860	6.5	6.7	6.4	782,980	396,770	386,210	6.9	7.2	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	29,075	15,260	13,820	5.1	5.5	4.7	612,620	331,080	281,545	5.4	6.0	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	23,260	13,145	10,110	4.1	4.7	3.4	477,445	271,290	206,150	4.2	4.9	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	18,555	10,620	7,940	3.2	3.8	2.7	385,830	218,395	167,435	3.4	4.0	2.9
$100,000 and over	67,295	42,255	25,040	11.8	15.2	8.5	1,358,115	858,695	499,415	12.0	15.7	8.6
$100,000 to $149,999	45,390	27,065	18,320	7.9	9.7	6.2	897,615	538,590	359,025	7.9	9.8	6.2
$150,000 and over	21,910	15,190	6,720	3.8	5.5	2.3	460,495	320,105	140,395	4.1	5.8	2.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	603,590	293,950	309,645	100.0	100.0	100.0	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	31,970	15,740	16,230	5.3	5.4	5.2	482,035	245,195	236,845	4.1	4.3	3.9
With after-tax income	571,625	278,205	293,415	94.7	94.6	94.8	11,300,805	5,488,490	5,812,315	95.9	95.7	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	61,165	25,970	35,200	10.7	9.3	12.0	1,025,995	440,280	585,715	9.1	8.0	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	75,560	34,230	41,330	13.2	12.3	14.1	1,442,850	625,100	817,750	12.8	11.4	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	101,790	45,725	56,070	17.8	16.4	19.1	1,967,040	859,195	1,107,840	17.4	15.7	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	79,410	36,350	43,055	13.9	13.1	14.7	1,621,120	733,430	887,690	14.3	13.4	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	66,680	31,555	35,125	11.7	11.3	12.0	1,384,490	655,400	729,090	12.3	11.9	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	51,360	25,250	26,110	9.0	9.1	8.9	1,068,365	535,895	532,470	9.5	9.8	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	37,625	19,915	17,710	6.6	7.2	6.0	782,135	422,645	359,495	6.9	7.7	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	27,845	15,825	12,020	4.9	5.7	4.1	572,210	325,895	246,315	5.1	5.9	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	22,560	12,335	10,225	3.9	4.4	3.5	457,650	249,665	207,980	4.0	4.5	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	13,935	8,305	5,630	2.4	3.0	1.9	280,640	169,480	111,160	2.5	3.1	1.9
$100,000 and over	33,685	22,750	10,935	5.9	8.2	3.7	698,310	471,495	226,815	6.2	8.6	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	17,235	11,235	6,000	3.0	4.0	2.0	344,450	223,970	120,480	3.0	4.1	2.1
$125,000 and over	16,455	11,515	4,940	2.9	4.1	1.7	353,860	247,525	106,335	3.1	4.5	1.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	603,590	293,950	309,645	100.0	100.0	100.0	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	187,565	79,260	108,305	31.1	27.0	35.0	3,629,670	1,535,015	2,094,650	30.8	26.8	34.6
With employment income	416,030	214,685	201,340	68.9	73.0	65.0	8,153,175	4,198,665	3,954,510	69.2	73.2	65.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	59,875	28,915	30,965	14.4	13.5	15.4	1,218,885	604,555	614,330	14.9	14.4	15.5
$5,000 to $9,999	37,860	17,075	20,785	9.1	8.0	10.3	688,670	304,845	383,825	8.4	7.3	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	47,080	22,425	24,650	11.3	10.4	12.2	928,840	424,990	503,850	11.4	10.1	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	34,425	16,740	17,685	8.3	7.8	8.8	696,570	325,510	371,065	8.5	7.8	9.4
$30,000 to $39,999	33,370	16,010	17,360	8.0	7.5	8.6	677,110	320,720	356,390	8.3	7.6	9.0
$40,000 to $49,999	34,265	16,470	17,795	8.2	7.7	8.8	672,005	320,925	351,080	8.2	7.6	8.9
$50,000 to $59,999	32,040	15,975	16,060	7.7	7.4	8.0	611,665	307,370	304,290	7.5	7.3	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	27,140	14,165	12,975	6.5	6.6	6.4	519,955	278,350	241,605	6.4	6.6	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	21,620	11,860	9,755	5.2	5.5	4.8	419,875	237,375	182,500	5.1	5.7	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	18,350	10,780	7,570	4.4	5.0	3.8	352,235	207,090	145,150	4.3	4.9	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	15,430	8,980	6,455	3.7	4.2	3.2	316,750	176,135	140,615	3.9	4.2	3.6
$100,000 and over	54,580	35,290	19,295	13.1	16.4	9.6	1,050,620	690,800	359,820	12.9	16.5	9.1
$100,000 to $124,999	26,110	15,370	10,740	6.3	7.2	5.3	489,720	295,720	194,005	6.0	7.0	4.9
$125,000 and over	28,470	19,920	8,555	6.8	9.3	4.2	560,895	395,080	165,810	6.9	9.4	4.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	603,590	293,945	309,645	100.0	100.0	100.0	11,782,845	5,733,680	6,049,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	555,325	269,545	285,775	92.0	91.7	92.3	11,051,405	5,357,685	5,693,725	93.8	93.4	94.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	32,400	36,800	42,000	32,400	39,200	44,800	34,400	39,200	44,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	555,470	269,570	285,905	92.0	91.7	92.3	11,055,345	5,358,275	5,697,070	93.8	93.5	94.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,600	30,400	33,600	37,600	30,400	35,600	40,000	31,600	35,600	40,000	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	493,325	246,865	246,465	81.7	84.0	79.6	9,877,245	4,895,500	4,981,740	83.8	85.4	82.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,400	31,800	36,400	42,400	31,800	37,600	44,400	31,800	37,600	44,400	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	414,210	213,365	200,845	68.6	72.6	64.9	8,159,090	4,190,670	3,968,420	69.2	73.1	65.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,400	35,200	39,600	44,400	35,200	38,800	44,400	34,000	38,800	44,400	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	485,020	233,245	251,770	80.4	79.3	81.3	9,643,335	4,616,005	5,027,335	81.8	80.5	83.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,360	830	3,080	1,360	830	3,080	2,200	1,010	4,920	2,200	1,010	4,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	29,645	11,520	18,120	4.9	3.9	5.9	723,990	308,550	415,450	6.1	5.4	6.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,480	6,040	5,800	5,480	6,040	5,640	5,360	5,960	5,640	5,360	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	603,595	293,930	309,665	100.0	100.0	100.0	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	555,320	269,620	285,705	92.0	91.7	92.3	11,053,285	5,358,015	5,695,270	93.8	93.5	94.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,200	58,950	43,920	51,200	58,950	43,920	53,800	62,850	45,320	53,800	62,850	45,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	555,460	269,645	285,815	92.0	91.7	92.3	11,057,080	5,358,540	5,698,545	93.8	93.5	94.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,280	37,080	42,000	47,280	37,080	44,080	50,120	38,400	44,080	50,120	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	493,010	246,895	246,115	81.7	84.0	79.5	9,878,270	4,896,015	4,982,255	83.8	85.4	82.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,650	59,750	43,520	51,650	59,750	43,520	53,250	63,150	43,520	53,250	63,150	43,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	414,475	213,590	200,885	68.7	72.7	64.9	8,160,870	4,191,675	3,969,185	69.3	73.1	65.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,550	59,650	45,000	52,550	59,650	45,000	52,700	60,850	44,120	52,700	60,850	44,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	485,385	233,615	251,770	80.4	79.5	81.3	9,644,415	4,616,310	5,028,100	81.9	80.5	83.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,125	4,864	7,300	6,125	4,864	7,300	7,150	5,990	8,210	7,150	5,990	8,210
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,625	11,445	18,180	4.9	3.9	5.9	725,250	308,485	416,760	6.2	5.4	6.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,640	8,040	7,500	6,640	8,040	7,340	6,410	8,030	7,340	6,410	8,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	603,590	293,930	309,665	100.0	100.0	100.0	11,782,825	5,733,365	6,049,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	197,530	109,850	87,675	32.7	37.4	28.3	3,830,200	2,124,710	1,705,495	32.5	37.1	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	67,000	56,800	62,000	67,000	56,800	62,800	68,500	56,800	62,800	68,500	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,000	84,500	67,700	77,000	84,500	67,700	77,800	86,600	66,800	77,800	86,600	66,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	145,220	69,305	75,915	24.1	23.6	24.5	2,925,680	1,365,355	1,560,325	24.8	23.8	25.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	25,200	21,800	23,600	25,200	21,800	23,600	26,200	21,800	23,600	26,200	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,920	37,680	30,440	33,920	37,680	30,440	34,640	39,840	30,040	34,640	39,840	30,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	92.8	85.4	89.6	92.8	85.4	88.4	91.8	84.0	88.4	91.8	84.0
Employment income (%)	76.6	80.2	72.0	76.6	80.2	72.0	72.4	75.8	67.8	72.4	75.8	67.8
Government transfers (%)	10.5	7.1	14.6	10.5	7.1	14.6	11.6	8.2	16.0	11.6	8.2	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.2	0.8	0.5	1.2	0.9	0.6	1.3	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	244,575	...	...	...	...	...	5,491,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	47,335	...	...	...	...	...	1,452,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	46,800	...	...	43,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	197,235	...	...	...	...	...	4,038,660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	244,575	...	...	...	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,500	...	...	126,500	...	...	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,300	...	...	104,300	...	...	95,300	...	...	95,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	47,355	...	...	...	...	...	1,451,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,650	...	...	58,650	...	...	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,200	...	...	48,200	...	...	47,320	...	...	47,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	197,220	...	...	...	...	...	4,039,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	142,800	...	...	142,800	...	...	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,800	...	...	117,800	...	...	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	3,095	...	...	1.3	...	...	61,515	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,215	...	...	0.5	...	...	30,860	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,050	...	...	0.8	...	...	63,360	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,945	...	...	1.2	...	...	96,980	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,680	...	...	2.7	...	...	186,250	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5,605	...	...	2.3	...	...	168,345	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5,840	...	...	2.4	...	...	158,810	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	6,465	...	...	2.6	...	...	175,890	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	6,580	...	...	2.7	...	...	182,900	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	6,690	...	...	2.7	...	...	182,945	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	14,570	...	...	6.0	...	...	370,350	...	...	6.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	14,810	...	...	6.1	...	...	364,585	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	14,860	...	...	6.1	...	...	350,520	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	14,345	...	...	5.9	...	...	332,395	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	13,790	...	...	5.6	...	...	310,400	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	125,035	...	...	51.1	...	...	2,455,095	...	...	44.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	31,045	...	...	12.7	...	...	662,625	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	24,255	...	...	9.9	...	...	500,495	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	33,085	...	...	13.5	...	...	630,420	...	...	11.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	36,655	...	...	15.0	...	...	661,550	...	...	12.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	3,450	...	...	1.4	...	...	69,645	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,275	...	...	0.5	...	...	32,100	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,090	...	...	0.9	...	...	65,025	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,165	...	...	1.3	...	...	101,865	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,100	...	...	2.9	...	...	197,995	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,270	...	...	2.6	...	...	190,225	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	6,615	...	...	2.7	...	...	183,505	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	7,375	...	...	3.0	...	...	204,300	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,860	...	...	3.2	...	...	215,785	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	8,230	...	...	3.4	...	...	217,105	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	17,505	...	...	7.2	...	...	440,280	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	17,755	...	...	7.3	...	...	430,860	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	17,855	...	...	7.3	...	...	409,865	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	17,180	...	...	7.0	...	...	385,295	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,815	...	...	6.5	...	...	343,595	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	105,040	...	...	42.9	...	...	2,003,770	...	...	36.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	32,890	...	...	13.4	...	...	685,485	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	24,375	...	...	10.0	...	...	472,130	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	47,775	...	...	19.5	...	...	846,155	...	...	15.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	192,130	...	...	...	...	...	3,875,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	48,770	...	...	...	...	...	1,361,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	105,670	...	...	...	...	...	1,770,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	30,410	...	...	...	...	...	610,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	71,910	35,115	36,800	...	...	...	2,041,505	990,815	1,050,690	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,400	38,800	39,600	40,400	38,800	38,800	40,000	38,000	38,800	40,000	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,400	35,600	36,000	36,400	35,600	35,600	36,000	35,200	35,600	36,000	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	191,900	...	...	...	...	...	3,873,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	142,200	...	...	142,200	...	...	137,200	...	...	137,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	112,200	...	...	112,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	48,565	...	...	...	...	...	1,359,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,700	...	...	117,700	...	...	119,500	...	...	119,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...	95,600	...	...	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	105,835	...	...	...	...	...	1,773,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,400	...	...	166,400	...	...	168,800	...	...	168,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,200	...	...	136,200	...	...	136,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30,225	...	...	...	...	...	607,780	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	87,100	...	...	87,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,800	...	...	81,800	...	...	76,100	...	...	76,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	71,855	35,350	36,500	...	...	...	2,039,230	985,390	1,053,840	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,120	52,350	49,960	51,120	52,350	49,960	51,800	54,250	49,480	51,800	54,250	49,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,680	42,920	42,440	42,680	42,920	42,440	43,440	44,880	42,120	43,440	44,880	42,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	712,825	349,900	362,930	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,031,755	6,887,755	7,143,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	135,865	69,835	66,030	19.1	20.0	18.2	2,726,265	1,400,695	1,325,570	19.4	20.3	18.6
0 to 5 years	38,655	19,720	18,935	5.4	5.6	5.2	831,185	425,620	405,560	5.9	6.2	5.7
18 to 64 years	461,865	226,785	235,080	64.8	64.8	64.8	8,795,220	4,328,780	4,466,440	62.7	62.8	62.5
65 years and over	115,095	53,280	61,820	16.1	15.2	17.0	2,510,270	1,158,280	1,351,985	17.9	16.8	18.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	66,740	31,335	35,405	...	...	...	1,420,525	664,975	755,550	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	16,105	8,330	7,770	...	...	...	314,150	161,695	152,455	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	4,885	2,495	2,390	...	...	...	102,930	52,570	50,360	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	37,080	17,675	19,400	...	...	...	803,215	385,100	418,120	...	...	...
65 years and over	13,560	5,330	8,230	...	...	...	303,160	118,180	184,980	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.4	9.0	9.8	9.4	9.0	9.8	10.1	9.7	10.6	10.1	9.7	10.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.9	11.9	11.8	11.9	11.9	11.8	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	7.8	8.3	8.0	7.8	8.3	9.1	8.9	9.4	9.1	8.9	9.4
65 years and over (%)	11.8	10.0	13.3	11.8	10.0	13.3	12.1	10.2	13.7	12.1	10.2	13.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	712,825	349,895	362,925	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,977,120	6,860,325	7,116,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	135,865	69,840	66,025	19.1	20.0	18.2	2,709,120	1,391,825	1,317,290	19.4	20.3	18.5
0 to 5 years	38,655	19,720	18,935	5.4	5.6	5.2	825,865	422,885	402,980	5.9	6.2	5.7
18 to 64 years	461,865	226,780	235,085	64.8	64.8	64.8	8,763,785	4,313,030	4,450,755	62.7	62.9	62.5
65 years and over	115,100	53,275	61,820	16.1	15.2	17.0	2,504,220	1,155,470	1,348,745	17.9	16.8	19.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	41,965	21,280	20,685	...	...	...	738,795	379,035	359,760	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	8,615	4,465	4,155	...	...	...	126,035	64,885	61,150	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,640	1,355	1,290	...	...	...	39,415	20,100	19,315	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	28,650	14,830	13,820	...	...	...	541,410	283,705	257,710	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,700	1,985	2,715	...	...	...	71,350	30,450	40,900	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	6.1	5.7	5.9	6.1	5.7	5.3	5.5	5.1	5.3	5.5	5.1
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3	6.4	6.3	6.3	6.4	6.3	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	6.8	6.9	6.8	6.8	6.9	6.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.5	5.9	6.2	6.5	5.9	6.2	6.6	5.8	6.2	6.6	5.8
65 years and over (%)	4.1	3.7	4.4	4.1	3.7	4.4	2.9	2.6	3.0	2.9	2.6	3.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	712,825	349,900	362,930	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,031,755	6,887,760	7,143,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	313,175	151,265	161,910	43.9	43.2	44.6	6,516,085	3,131,205	3,384,880	46.4	45.5	47.4
In bottom decile	61,650	30,120	31,530	8.6	8.6	8.7	1,318,120	643,165	674,955	9.4	9.3	9.4
In second decile	59,710	28,095	31,610	8.4	8.0	8.7	1,283,940	594,495	689,440	9.2	8.6	9.7
In third decile	61,960	29,800	32,160	8.7	8.5	8.9	1,292,030	618,405	673,625	9.2	9.0	9.4
In fourth decile	63,455	30,765	32,690	8.9	8.8	9.0	1,296,710	628,155	668,555	9.2	9.1	9.4
In fifth decile	66,405	32,480	33,915	9.3	9.3	9.3	1,325,280	646,975	678,300	9.4	9.4	9.5
In top half of the distribution	399,650	198,630	201,020	56.1	56.8	55.4	7,515,670	3,756,555	3,759,115	53.6	54.5	52.6
In sixth decile	70,015	34,345	35,670	9.8	9.8	9.8	1,365,960	672,380	693,580	9.7	9.8	9.7
In seventh decile	73,495	36,290	37,205	10.3	10.4	10.3	1,415,070	700,525	714,550	10.1	10.2	10.0
In eighth decile	78,265	38,865	39,395	11.0	11.1	10.9	1,482,300	739,210	743,095	10.6	10.7	10.4
In ninth decile	86,475	42,975	43,500	12.1	12.3	12.0	1,581,535	794,505	787,030	11.3	11.5	11.0
In top decile	91,405	46,155	45,250	12.8	13.2	12.5	1,670,800	849,940	820,865	11.9	12.3	11.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	712,825	...	...	712,825	...	...	14,031,755	...	...	14,031,755	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.343	...	...	0.343	...	...	0.357	...	...	0.357	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.450	...	...	0.450	...	...	0.470	...	...	0.470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.297	...	...	0.297	...	...	0.308	...	...	0.308	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	714,840	350,580	364,250	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	641,785	320,635	321,140	89.8	91.5	88.2	12,196,575	6,083,990	6,112,590	86.5	87.9	85.1
French only	535	210	330	0.1	0.1	0.1	39,310	17,190	22,125	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	47,965	20,490	27,475	6.7	5.8	7.5	1,519,365	678,385	840,975	10.8	9.8	11.7
Neither English nor French	24,550	9,245	15,300	3.4	2.6	4.2	344,545	138,355	206,185	2.4	2.0	2.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	714,840	350,580	364,250	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	676,630	335,215	341,410	94.7	95.6	93.7	13,179,535	6,510,015	6,669,520	93.5	94.1	92.9
French	7,395	3,300	4,090	1.0	0.9	1.1	484,425	227,550	256,875	3.4	3.3	3.6
English and French	6,705	3,035	3,665	0.9	0.9	1.0	98,270	45,480	52,790	0.7	0.7	0.7
Neither English nor French	24,110	9,025	15,080	3.4	2.6	4.1	337,560	134,870	202,685	2.4	1.9	2.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	714,840	350,580	364,250	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	654,950	321,420	333,530	91.6	91.7	91.6	13,430,605	6,594,620	6,835,990	95.3	95.3	95.2
Official languages	326,820	163,730	163,090	45.7	46.7	44.8	9,642,770	4,785,140	4,857,635	68.4	69.2	67.6
English	320,640	160,955	159,690	44.9	45.9	43.8	9,179,655	4,566,580	4,613,080	65.1	66.0	64.2
French	6,180	2,775	3,405	0.9	0.8	0.9	463,120	218,560	244,550	3.3	3.2	3.4
Non-official languages	328,130	157,695	170,435	45.9	45.0	46.8	3,787,835	1,809,480	1,978,355	26.9	26.2	27.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,475	6,735	7,740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,545	6,360	7,185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,815	1,365	1,455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,800	1,360	1,440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	240	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,975	985	990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,645	4,955	5,690	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,240	2,015	2,225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,365	2,920	3,445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	130	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,000	2,745	3,250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	200	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	195	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	100	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	75	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	328,120	157,690	170,430	45.9	45.0	46.8	3,773,365	1,802,745	1,970,620	26.8	26.1	27.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	37,470	18,825	18,640	5.2	5.4	5.1	310,765	156,145	154,620	2.2	2.3	2.2
Berber languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	480	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	315	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	130	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	350	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	315	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	265	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	1,070	445	620	0.1	0.1	0.2	27,575	12,405	15,170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	930	495	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,540	760	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	1,025	425	605	0.1	0.1	0.2	24,700	10,945	13,755	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	215	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	36,160	18,255	17,900	5.1	5.2	4.9	281,160	142,645	138,515	2.0	2.1	1.9
Amharic	360	165	190	0.1	0.0	0.1	12,490	5,745	6,740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	33,265	16,865	16,405	4.7	4.8	4.5	214,230	109,870	104,360	1.5	1.6	1.5
Aramaic languages	1,505	740	765	0.2	0.2	0.2	24,105	11,685	12,420	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,030	505	525	0.1	0.1	0.1	15,665	7,535	8,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	375	180	190	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,480	3,655	3,820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	960	485	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	970	430	540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,630	6,255	5,375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	685	320	370	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,120	1,950	2,175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	235	125	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,360	6,585	6,775	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	130	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10,440	4,730	5,715	1.5	1.3	1.6	84,300	37,815	46,485	0.6	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,065	3,170	3,900	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	10,355	4,685	5,670	1.4	1.3	1.6	77,085	34,585	42,505	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	21,720	9,175	12,545	3.0	2.6	3.4	208,395	83,860	124,535	1.5	1.2	1.7
Bikol	95	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	300	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	190	70	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,735	1,115	1,625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	515	205	310	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,900	2,290	3,615	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	295	115	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,775	1,460	2,315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	755	330	430	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,680	5,995	8,680	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	920	425	490	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,440	2,345	3,095	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	160	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	115	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	220	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	285	135	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,910	875	1,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	320	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	18,325	7,705	10,620	2.6	2.2	2.9	168,845	67,675	101,175	1.2	1.0	1.4
Waray-Waray	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	240	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	145	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,710	690	1,020	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	695	320	375	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,690	5,335	6,355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,160	2,260	2,905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	220	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	115	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	370	175	190	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,990	955	1,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,690	1,255	1,435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	125	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	500	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	17,630	8,905	8,730	2.5	2.5	2.4	185,145	93,855	91,285	1.3	1.4	1.3
Kannada	800	385	410	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,335	2,215	2,115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	3,480	1,795	1,680	0.5	0.5	0.5	32,805	17,970	14,835	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	10,275	5,070	5,205	1.4	1.4	1.4	126,640	61,665	64,970	0.9	0.9	0.9
Telugu	2,940	1,580	1,360	0.4	0.5	0.4	20,715	11,690	9,030	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	205	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	105	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,650	890	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	225	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	189,030	92,165	96,860	26.4	26.3	26.6	2,119,610	1,032,375	1,087,230	15.0	14.9	15.1
Albanian	2,485	1,245	1,245	0.3	0.4	0.3	20,720	10,295	10,425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	525	255	275	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,680	7,060	7,620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	46,030	21,540	24,495	6.4	6.1	6.7	377,895	172,690	205,205	2.7	2.5	2.9
Baltic languages	540	230	320	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,425	3,050	4,370	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	95	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,050	1,250	1,800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	450	190	260	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,370	1,800	2,570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45,490	21,310	24,180	6.4	6.1	6.6	370,475	169,640	200,840	2.6	2.5	2.8
Belarusian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	200	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	990	485	505	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,565	4,050	4,520	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	530	235	290	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,060	4,035	5,025	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	1,060	510	550	0.1	0.1	0.2	13,620	6,490	7,130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	22,070	10,175	11,895	3.1	2.9	3.3	106,275	47,780	58,495	0.8	0.7	0.8
Russian	4,615	2,035	2,575	0.6	0.6	0.7	104,310	46,870	57,440	0.7	0.7	0.8
Rusyn	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	105	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	8,955	4,420	4,540	1.3	1.3	1.2	77,145	37,410	39,740	0.5	0.5	0.6
Bosnian	1,125	555	565	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,140	3,495	3,650	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	4,075	1,960	2,110	0.6	0.6	0.6	28,385	13,465	14,925	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	3,645	1,845	1,800	0.5	0.5	0.5	40,465	19,915	20,555	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,160	545	610	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	590	265	325	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,675	3,910	4,765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	670	290	375	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,520	2,350	3,175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5,960	2,865	3,095	0.8	0.8	0.8	36,340	16,285	20,055	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	150	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	390	405	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	120	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	140	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,070	1,330	1,740	0.4	0.4	0.5	167,265	78,455	88,810	1.2	1.1	1.2
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	970	465	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,215	955	1,260	0.3	0.3	0.3	102,915	47,630	55,285	0.7	0.7	0.8
German	2,170	935	1,235	0.3	0.3	0.3	89,075	40,865	48,205	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,895	4,435	4,460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss German	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,390	1,125	1,265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,555	1,200	1,350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	610	285	325	0.1	0.1	0.1	56,725	27,350	29,375	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,865	1,460	1,405	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	490	230	260	0.1	0.1	0.1	41,240	19,735	21,505	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,930	965	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	210	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,610	4,275	4,340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,630	700	930	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	240	90	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,440	2,905	3,530	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	125	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,370	1,545	1,830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	80	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	350	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	95	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,090	930	1,160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	105	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	2,065	1,010	1,055	0.3	0.3	0.3	47,970	23,270	24,700	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	92,180	46,790	45,390	12.9	13.3	12.5	884,995	452,190	432,805	6.3	6.5	6.0
Indo-Aryan languages	85,835	43,600	42,235	12.0	12.4	11.6	715,085	367,815	347,270	5.1	5.3	4.8
Assamese	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	150	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	4,020	1,965	2,050	0.6	0.6	0.6	54,990	27,905	27,085	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	7,260	3,635	3,625	1.0	1.0	1.0	95,785	50,450	45,340	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hindi	11,685	5,970	5,710	1.6	1.7	1.6	87,035	45,590	41,445	0.6	0.7	0.6
Kacchi	280	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,880	1,760	2,120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	230	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	715	350	360	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,595	1,260	1,340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	1,990	1,010	985	0.3	0.3	0.3	9,460	4,875	4,585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	895	475	415	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,430	6,280	6,155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	235	125	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,325	690	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	155	90	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	830	445	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	245	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20,690	10,845	9,845	2.9	3.1	2.7	260,075	135,000	125,075	1.8	2.0	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	595	305	290	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,670	1,375	1,300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,105	525	580	0.2	0.1	0.2	11,040	5,400	5,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	35,995	18,070	17,930	5.0	5.2	4.9	170,955	85,745	85,210	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	245	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	955	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	6,325	3,180	3,150	0.9	0.9	0.9	169,765	84,295	85,470	1.2	1.2	1.2
Baluchi	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	185	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	250	140	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,120	4,850	4,275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	180	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	1,170	615	555	0.2	0.2	0.2	12,780	6,585	6,195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	4,875	2,410	2,465	0.7	0.7	0.7	146,700	72,240	74,460	1.0	1.0	1.0
Dari	2,220	1,080	1,140	0.3	0.3	0.3	34,340	16,650	17,685	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	2,230	1,120	1,110	0.3	0.3	0.3	97,135	47,970	49,165	0.7	0.7	0.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	420	205	215	0.1	0.1	0.1	15,230	7,615	7,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	260	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	85	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	42,635	19,990	22,645	6.0	5.7	6.2	605,070	287,915	317,155	4.3	4.2	4.4
Catalan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	140	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10,260	4,950	5,310	1.4	1.4	1.5	194,125	92,875	101,255	1.4	1.3	1.4
Portuguese	14,050	6,570	7,485	2.0	1.9	2.1	153,750	73,670	80,080	1.1	1.1	1.1
Romanian	2,530	1,200	1,330	0.4	0.3	0.4	38,955	18,100	20,850	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	15,765	7,255	8,510	2.2	2.1	2.3	217,245	102,760	114,490	1.5	1.5	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	710	370	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	750	265	485	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,880	4,245	8,635	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	4,370	2,000	2,370	0.6	0.6	0.7	75,220	34,160	41,065	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	235	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,090	940	1,155	0.3	0.3	0.3	42,470	19,960	22,515	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	630	270	360	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,325	4,405	4,915	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	100	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,165	475	685	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	235	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	245	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	235	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,195	560	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	180	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	190	100	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,385	1,220	1,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,920	845	1,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	350	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	180	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	155	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,705	1,225	1,480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,580	710	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	115	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	85	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	255	115	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,445	3,010	3,440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	240	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	385	185	195	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,335	3,560	3,775	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	70	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,655	1,710	1,940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,935	955	985	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	165	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	150	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,125	555	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,775	1,480	1,300	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,360	1,235	1,125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	225	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40,325	18,620	21,705	5.6	5.3	6.0	632,250	291,600	340,655	4.5	4.2	4.7
Chinese languages	39,910	18,415	21,490	5.6	5.3	5.9	621,980	286,570	335,410	4.4	4.1	4.7
Hakka	250	115	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,215	2,860	3,350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	23,180	10,740	12,440	3.2	3.1	3.4	327,470	150,700	176,770	2.3	2.2	2.5
Min Dong	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	525	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	885	395	490	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,290	4,630	5,660	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	280	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,190	1,890	2,300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	14,830	6,810	8,020	2.1	1.9	2.2	267,425	123,440	143,990	1.9	1.8	2.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	410	190	220	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,080	2,385	2,690	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	140	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	400	190	205	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,000	4,905	5,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,540	755	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	200	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	875	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	755	775	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	265	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,785	2,845	2,940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	230	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	130	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	305	115	190	0.0	0.0	0.1	8,265	3,360	4,905	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,570	2,175	2,390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	155	45	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,535	1,120	2,420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	65	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	1,435	765	665	0.2	0.2	0.2	32,270	17,020	15,250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,870	1,545	1,325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	115	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	1,235	665	565	0.2	0.2	0.2	26,740	14,190	12,550	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	360	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	520	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	290	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,570	705	865	0.2	0.2	0.2	42,270	19,005	23,265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,450	1,510	1,940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	105	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,650	3,210	4,445	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	1,360	620	740	0.2	0.2	0.2	31,170	14,290	16,875	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	220	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	59,890	29,160	30,725	8.4	8.3	8.4	669,185	323,300	345,885	4.7	4.7	4.8
English and French	2,500	1,140	1,365	0.3	0.3	0.4	96,260	45,030	51,235	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	50,705	24,930	25,770	7.1	7.1	7.1	494,610	242,470	252,140	3.5	3.5	3.5
French and non-official language(s)	960	440	520	0.1	0.1	0.1	15,710	7,085	8,620	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,400	625	775	0.2	0.2	0.2	16,770	7,725	9,045	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	4,325	2,030	2,295	0.6	0.6	0.6	45,835	20,990	24,845	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	714,840	350,580	364,250	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	339,600	169,550	170,055	47.5	48.4	46.7	9,630,975	4,782,040	4,848,935	68.3	69.1	67.5
French	1,660	785	875	0.2	0.2	0.2	188,560	89,335	99,230	1.3	1.3	1.4
Non-official language	92,650	43,395	49,250	13.0	12.4	13.5	1,124,950	528,060	596,895	8.0	7.6	8.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,630	1,260	1,375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	92,645	43,395	49,250	13.0	12.4	13.5	1,122,315	526,805	595,515	8.0	7.6	8.3
English and French	6,065	2,620	3,450	0.8	0.7	0.9	274,675	124,275	150,400	1.9	1.8	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	257,535	126,595	130,945	36.0	36.1	35.9	2,647,980	1,289,510	1,358,470	18.8	18.6	18.9
French and non-official language(s)	500	215	280	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,065	6,055	8,010	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	8,490	3,615	4,870	1.2	1.0	1.3	117,430	51,870	65,565	0.8	0.7	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	8,335	3,805	4,530	1.2	1.1	1.2	101,145	46,775	54,370	0.7	0.7	0.8
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	714,840	350,580	364,250	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	642,395	315,100	327,300	89.9	89.9	89.9	13,384,695	6,573,230	6,811,465	94.9	95.0	94.8
Official languages	445,105	220,205	224,900	62.3	62.8	61.7	11,165,425	5,509,035	5,656,395	79.2	79.6	78.8
English	442,265	218,885	223,385	61.9	62.4	61.3	10,910,560	5,389,445	5,521,125	77.4	77.9	76.9
French	2,840	1,325	1,515	0.4	0.4	0.4	254,870	119,590	135,275	1.8	1.7	1.9
Non-official languages	197,295	94,895	102,395	27.6	27.1	28.1	2,219,265	1,064,195	1,155,070	15.7	15.4	16.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,710	2,820	2,890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,430	2,695	2,735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,230	620	605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	620	605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	530	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,185	2,060	2,120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,985	995	985	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,195	1,065	1,125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,070	1,005	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	197,290	94,895	102,400	27.6	27.1	28.1	2,213,555	1,061,375	1,152,180	15.7	15.3	16.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	22,565	11,015	11,550	3.2	3.1	3.2	181,660	88,245	93,420	1.3	1.3	1.3
Berber languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	195	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	165	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	125	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	505	210	295	0.1	0.1	0.1	16,105	7,125	8,980	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	440	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	385	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	485	205	285	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,230	6,180	8,050	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	115	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	21,920	10,730	11,185	3.1	3.1	3.1	164,590	80,620	83,970	1.2	1.2	1.2
Amharic	135	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,405	2,865	3,545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20,380	10,005	10,375	2.9	2.9	2.8	124,865	61,605	63,260	0.9	0.9	0.9
Aramaic languages	1,095	520	575	0.2	0.1	0.2	18,120	8,680	9,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	730	345	380	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,870	5,645	6,225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	270	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,550	2,685	2,865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	345	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	225	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,925	2,505	2,415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	165	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	350	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,870	4,335	4,535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	7,495	3,435	4,060	1.0	1.0	1.1	55,990	25,430	30,560	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,855	1,705	2,150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	7,475	3,425	4,045	1.0	1.0	1.1	52,080	23,700	28,380	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	11,880	5,400	6,485	1.7	1.5	1.8	115,225	50,755	64,470	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bikol	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	115	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,355	600	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	265	115	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,140	1,380	1,760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	160	70	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,960	860	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	350	160	190	0.0	0.0	0.1	8,105	3,635	4,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	385	175	215	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,990	930	1,055	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	100	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	155	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	990	455	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	115	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,335	4,710	5,630	1.4	1.3	1.5	95,635	41,970	53,660	0.7	0.6	0.7
Waray-Waray	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	90	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	785	355	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	430	205	230	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,165	2,705	3,460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,640	1,115	1,525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	75	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	295	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,425	685	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,325	565	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	195	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	11,535	5,700	5,835	1.6	1.6	1.6	129,245	64,385	64,855	0.9	0.9	0.9
Kannada	440	230	215	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,165	1,110	1,055	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	2,075	1,055	1,025	0.3	0.3	0.3	20,855	11,325	9,535	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	7,195	3,460	3,730	1.0	1.0	1.0	93,165	44,735	48,425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Telugu	1,765	925	840	0.2	0.3	0.2	12,805	7,095	5,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	570	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	107,145	52,170	54,970	15.0	14.9	15.1	1,136,460	553,970	582,490	8.1	8.0	8.1
Albanian	1,240	605	635	0.2	0.2	0.2	9,880	4,875	5,005	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	275	125	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,590	4,035	4,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	25,395	12,040	13,355	3.6	3.4	3.7	181,290	84,870	96,420	1.3	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	190	80	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,640	700	940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	225	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	175	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	470	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25,205	11,960	13,245	3.5	3.4	3.6	179,650	84,175	95,475	1.3	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	560	275	285	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,100	1,955	2,140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	160	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,555	1,180	1,375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	535	250	280	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,535	2,590	2,945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	12,460	5,830	6,625	1.7	1.7	1.8	45,800	21,280	24,515	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	3,060	1,420	1,640	0.4	0.4	0.5	66,045	30,625	35,420	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	4,535	2,230	2,305	0.6	0.6	0.6	35,980	17,375	18,610	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	580	280	300	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,450	1,670	1,780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	1,765	845	920	0.2	0.2	0.3	9,990	4,660	5,335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	2,150	1,080	1,065	0.3	0.3	0.3	22,145	10,850	11,295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	195	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	225	95	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,070	1,470	1,600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	420	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	3,520	1,710	1,810	0.5	0.5	0.5	15,235	7,100	8,135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	265	115	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,600	19,895	20,700	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	185	75	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,670	14,000	14,665	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	180	75	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,680	10,015	10,670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,180	3,590	3,590	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	280	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	115	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,190	5,540	5,650	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,175	595	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,055	2,000	2,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,265	630	640	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	85	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,415	2,185	2,235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	300	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	90	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	160	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	705	330	375	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,065	8,615	10,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	59,885	30,070	29,815	8.4	8.6	8.2	601,605	304,195	297,410	4.3	4.4	4.1
Indo-Aryan languages	56,140	28,265	27,880	7.9	8.1	7.7	487,535	248,975	238,560	3.5	3.6	3.3
Assamese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	2,540	1,215	1,330	0.4	0.3	0.4	34,830	17,260	17,570	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	4,335	2,085	2,250	0.6	0.6	0.6	63,145	32,735	30,405	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hindi	6,860	3,475	3,385	1.0	1.0	0.9	52,420	27,250	25,175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	725	925	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	640	295	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	1,175	600	575	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,975	2,540	2,440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	575	305	275	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,910	4,555	4,355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	345	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	75	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	220	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	125	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	14,860	7,820	7,035	2.1	2.2	1.9	198,670	103,170	95,495	1.4	1.5	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	315	165	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,390	700	690	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	560	265	295	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,795	2,870	2,925	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	24,310	12,050	12,260	3.4	3.4	3.4	113,020	55,810	57,215	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	930	470	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	3,740	1,810	1,935	0.5	0.5	0.5	114,005	55,190	58,815	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baluchi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	105	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,560	2,815	2,740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	695	340	355	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,670	4,315	4,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	2,880	1,385	1,500	0.4	0.4	0.4	99,095	47,705	51,395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	1,300	630	670	0.2	0.2	0.2	21,150	10,030	11,120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian Persian	1,315	620	685	0.2	0.2	0.2	67,320	32,510	34,810	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	270	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,625	5,160	5,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	170	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	19,370	8,880	10,490	2.7	2.5	2.9	275,210	127,365	147,850	2.0	1.8	2.1
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,825	1,195	1,630	0.4	0.3	0.4	58,670	24,180	34,495	0.4	0.3	0.5
Portuguese	5,925	2,760	3,165	0.8	0.8	0.9	74,745	35,620	39,120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	1,245	595	645	0.2	0.2	0.2	17,755	8,280	9,480	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	9,365	4,320	5,040	1.3	1.2	1.4	123,690	59,125	64,570	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	110	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	440	190	255	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,875	2,485	3,390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	3,145	1,470	1,675	0.4	0.4	0.5	53,585	24,865	28,720	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	760	345	415	0.1	0.1	0.1	16,065	7,275	8,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	295	125	165	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,370	1,945	2,425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	105	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	70	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	160	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	660	330	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	330	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	135	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	630	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	195	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,775	1,250	1,525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	135	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,640	1,200	1,435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	400	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	380	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	80	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	220	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	280	160	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,010	2,900	2,115	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	210	115	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,920	2,240	1,680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	75	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,035	625	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30,050	14,015	16,040	4.2	4.0	4.4	469,325	219,365	249,965	3.3	3.2	3.5
Chinese languages	29,760	13,875	15,880	4.2	4.0	4.4	461,870	215,705	246,165	3.3	3.1	3.4
Hakka	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,540	1,170	1,370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	18,070	8,550	9,515	2.5	2.4	2.6	253,860	120,260	133,600	1.8	1.7	1.9
Min Dong	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	650	310	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	415	185	235	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,890	2,195	2,700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,765	1,300	1,465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10,705	4,870	5,835	1.5	1.4	1.6	193,955	88,915	105,040	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	255	120	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,090	1,495	1,595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	295	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,310	3,585	3,720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	960	460	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	140	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,275	640	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	555	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	210	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,540	2,245	2,300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,995	1,875	2,120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,520	700	820	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	840	435	410	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,965	10,165	9,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,445	715	730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	735	385	345	0.1	0.1	0.1	17,160	8,770	8,390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	250	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	285	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	125	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	505	245	260	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,465	5,690	6,780	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	180	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	500	640	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	485	230	250	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,835	5,000	5,835	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	72,440	35,485	36,955	10.1	10.1	10.1	715,095	344,690	370,405	5.1	5.0	5.2
English and French	1,525	680	850	0.2	0.2	0.2	59,725	27,005	32,720	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	68,355	33,655	34,700	9.6	9.6	9.5	624,265	303,790	320,480	4.4	4.4	4.5
French and non-official language(s)	325	150	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,475	2,810	3,665	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	885	375	510	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,185	5,465	6,715	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	1,340	620	720	0.2	0.2	0.2	12,445	5,620	6,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	714,840	350,585	364,255	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,099,790	6,917,915	7,181,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	492,280	242,340	249,940	68.9	69.1	68.6	11,528,735	5,680,910	5,847,825	81.8	82.1	81.4
English	84,240	41,680	42,560	11.8	11.9	11.7	903,960	442,585	461,380	6.4	6.4	6.4
French	6,000	2,525	3,475	0.8	0.7	1.0	189,420	84,900	104,520	1.3	1.2	1.5
Non-official language	101,055	48,865	52,195	14.1	13.9	14.3	1,136,770	544,150	592,620	8.1	7.9	8.3
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,310	4,115	5,190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	101,040	48,855	52,180	14.1	13.9	14.3	1,127,465	540,035	587,425	8.0	7.8	8.2
English and French	1,250	540	710	0.2	0.2	0.2	16,580	7,565	9,020	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	12,975	6,475	6,505	1.8	1.8	1.8	140,865	70,400	70,470	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	3,690	1,555	2,135	0.5	0.4	0.6	52,565	22,740	29,820	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	195	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,920	1,450	1,465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	13,150	6,520	6,635	1.8	1.9	1.8	127,975	63,220	64,755	0.9	0.9	0.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	712,825	349,875	362,945	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	688,520	340,690	347,835	96.6	97.4	95.8	13,688,615	6,750,410	6,938,210	97.6	98.0	97.1
English	688,000	340,480	347,520	96.5	97.3	95.8	13,650,230	6,733,550	6,916,680	97.3	97.8	96.8
French	48,150	20,240	27,905	6.8	5.8	7.7	1,550,545	690,530	860,020	11.1	10.0	12.0
Non-official languages	438,795	211,915	226,880	61.6	60.6	62.5	5,058,180	2,428,200	2,629,980	36.0	35.3	36.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	29,850	13,765	16,080	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,775	12,415	14,355	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,205	2,540	2,670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,155	2,520	2,640	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	180	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	70	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,165	510	655	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	50	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,340	1,685	1,650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	120	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	105	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,560	9,880	11,680	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,260	2,945	3,315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,530	7,035	8,500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,295	510	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	80	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,155	6,465	7,690	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	445	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	970	425	540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,625	650	980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	85	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	465	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	45	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	50	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	438,745	211,880	226,865	61.6	60.6	62.5	5,029,345	2,414,910	2,614,440	35.8	35.1	36.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	54,370	27,465	26,905	7.6	7.8	7.4	481,620	242,565	239,050	3.4	3.5	3.3
Berber languages	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,570	845	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	490	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	270	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,210	1,060	1,140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	100	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,005	955	1,045	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	105	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	700	305	395	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,130	1,000	1,130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	1,785	755	1,030	0.3	0.2	0.3	41,520	19,095	22,425	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,335	750	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,950	1,400	1,550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	1,705	710	995	0.2	0.2	0.3	36,825	16,695	20,135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	445	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	52,455	26,650	25,810	7.4	7.6	7.1	443,215	225,035	218,175	3.2	3.3	3.1
Amharic	600	300	300	0.1	0.1	0.1	22,815	11,015	11,800	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	49,495	25,250	24,250	6.9	7.2	6.7	342,860	175,790	167,075	2.4	2.6	2.3
Aramaic languages	2,205	1,120	1,085	0.3	0.3	0.3	33,950	16,770	17,175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,375	715	660	0.2	0.2	0.2	21,640	10,590	11,045	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	585	295	290	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,170	5,565	5,605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	265	120	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,685	860	820	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,610	720	890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	505	285	225	0.1	0.1	0.1	47,380	24,020	23,360	0.3	0.3	0.3
Maltese	1,005	475	535	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,055	2,840	3,210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	435	190	245	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,755	9,645	10,105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	410	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,870	6,505	7,365	1.9	1.9	2.0	115,355	52,805	62,550	0.8	0.8	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	160	95	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,085	4,540	5,535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	13,745	6,425	7,320	1.9	1.8	2.0	105,800	48,475	57,325	0.8	0.7	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	100	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30,380	12,860	17,520	4.3	3.7	4.8	292,100	117,695	174,400	2.1	1.7	2.4
Bikol	145	55	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,345	565	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	225	95	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,410	1,370	2,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	1,070	405	665	0.2	0.1	0.2	11,100	4,270	6,835	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	110	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	515	205	305	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,435	2,535	3,900	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	1,400	595	805	0.2	0.2	0.2	26,205	10,300	15,905	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	1,220	540	680	0.2	0.2	0.2	8,175	3,680	4,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	255	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	130	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	115	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	350	195	160	0.0	0.1	0.0	4,370	1,965	2,410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	410	185	225	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,390	1,395	1,990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,610	650	960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	28,240	11,900	16,340	4.0	3.4	4.5	271,450	108,415	163,035	1.9	1.6	2.3
Waray-Waray	165	65	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,810	705	1,105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	520	220	305	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,850	2,845	4,005	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	2,370	1,080	1,285	0.3	0.3	0.4	36,585	16,590	19,990	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	205	110	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,220	6,345	7,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	280	105	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,385	1,515	1,870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	650	240	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	1,035	515	520	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,645	2,735	2,910	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	105	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	745	310	440	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,235	4,450	5,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	265	110	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,065	1,960	2,105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	27,955	14,220	13,730	3.9	4.1	3.8	272,060	139,105	132,950	1.9	2.0	1.9
Kannada	2,555	1,295	1,260	0.4	0.4	0.3	12,930	6,720	6,215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	5,875	2,970	2,905	0.8	0.8	0.8	48,025	26,105	21,915	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tamil	17,180	8,685	8,495	2.4	2.5	2.3	192,890	96,245	96,645	1.4	1.4	1.4
Telugu	5,570	3,100	2,460	0.8	0.9	0.7	38,190	21,290	16,905	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tulu	390	200	185	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,225	655	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	135	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	285	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,170	1,110	1,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	280	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	263,220	129,250	133,975	36.9	36.9	36.9	2,941,400	1,441,975	1,499,430	21.0	20.9	21.0
Albanian	3,590	1,770	1,820	0.5	0.5	0.5	26,725	13,445	13,275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	760	365	395	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,610	9,460	10,150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	55,720	26,465	29,255	7.8	7.6	8.1	470,080	219,210	250,870	3.4	3.2	3.5
Baltic languages	560	250	315	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,715	4,055	5,665	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	105	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,215	1,830	2,385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	455	205	245	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,520	2,240	3,280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55,330	26,280	29,050	7.8	7.5	8.0	462,520	216,100	246,420	3.3	3.1	3.4
Belarusian	175	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,630	685	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	1,350	700	645	0.2	0.2	0.2	11,310	5,545	5,765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	845	415	430	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,130	6,040	7,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	1,690	775	920	0.2	0.2	0.3	21,070	10,020	11,045	0.2	0.1	0.2
Polish	27,810	13,075	14,730	3.9	3.7	4.1	134,980	61,800	73,180	1.0	0.9	1.0
Russian	9,165	4,250	4,920	1.3	1.2	1.4	155,340	72,230	83,115	1.1	1.0	1.2
Rusyn	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	155	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	11,745	5,870	5,875	1.6	1.7	1.6	102,885	50,515	52,365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnian	2,100	1,025	1,080	0.3	0.3	0.3	13,895	6,925	6,970	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	6,735	3,300	3,435	0.9	0.9	0.9	48,075	23,410	24,670	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	4,950	2,535	2,415	0.7	0.7	0.7	58,045	28,685	29,355	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	185	85	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,850	950	905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	645	305	335	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,725	5,340	6,385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	995	400	595	0.1	0.1	0.2	7,235	3,205	4,025	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	8,620	4,015	4,605	1.2	1.1	1.3	58,355	26,140	32,215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	255	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,115	2,125	1,990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,345	1,300	1,045	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	330	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	810	360	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	160	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	6,755	3,255	3,500	0.9	0.9	1.0	257,270	123,000	134,270	1.8	1.8	1.9
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,750	895	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5,230	2,570	2,660	0.7	0.7	0.7	175,485	84,625	90,855	1.3	1.2	1.3
German	5,190	2,550	2,640	0.7	0.7	0.7	158,120	75,990	82,125	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,370	5,150	5,220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss German	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,485	1,670	1,815	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,100	2,995	3,105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,190	590	600	0.2	0.2	0.2	78,435	37,515	40,920	0.6	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	385	200	190	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,255	4,785	4,470	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	745	360	385	0.1	0.1	0.1	55,040	25,820	29,215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,185	1,095	1,095	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	595	275	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,245	5,150	5,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,040	910	1,135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	525	240	290	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,565	5,670	6,895	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	225	105	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,175	2,265	2,905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	165	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,385	1,175	1,210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	265	110	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,340	2,460	2,885	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	255	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	3,320	1,695	1,625	0.5	0.5	0.4	76,320	37,385	38,945	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Iranian languages	139,200	70,370	68,830	19.5	20.1	19.0	1,244,895	639,965	604,930	8.9	9.3	8.5
Indo-Aryan languages	132,170	66,840	65,330	18.5	19.1	18.0	1,049,480	542,040	507,440	7.5	7.9	7.1
Assamese	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	355	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	6,400	3,130	3,275	0.9	0.9	0.9	76,980	39,455	37,525	0.5	0.6	0.5
Gujarati	12,330	6,155	6,175	1.7	1.8	1.7	143,240	75,090	68,150	1.0	1.1	1.0
Hindi	54,740	27,605	27,135	7.7	7.9	7.5	436,125	227,165	208,965	3.1	3.3	2.9
Kacchi	605	265	340	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,140	3,695	4,450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	240	115	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,085	570	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	1,975	890	1,085	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,745	3,165	3,585	0.0	0.0	0.1
Marathi	5,100	2,565	2,540	0.7	0.7	0.7	24,775	12,710	12,065	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	1,260	625	635	0.2	0.2	0.2	17,110	8,645	8,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	435	240	195	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,545	1,320	1,225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	225	125	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,430	775	655	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	215	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,130	560	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	37,835	19,910	17,925	5.3	5.7	4.9	397,865	208,905	188,955	2.8	3.0	2.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	155	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	1,355	695	660	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,595	2,940	2,655	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,005	955	1,055	0.3	0.3	0.3	21,630	10,975	10,655	0.2	0.2	0.1
Urdu	55,765	27,985	27,775	7.8	8.0	7.7	295,175	149,300	145,875	2.1	2.2	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	920	475	445	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,965	3,315	2,650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	8,635	4,340	4,295	1.2	1.2	1.2	210,370	105,605	104,765	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baluchi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	285	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	490	305	180	0.1	0.1	0.0	13,870	7,530	6,340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	310	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	2,055	1,080	970	0.3	0.3	0.3	20,790	10,880	9,910	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian languages	6,505	3,210	3,300	0.9	0.9	0.9	183,830	91,790	92,040	1.3	1.3	1.3
Dari	3,085	1,495	1,590	0.4	0.4	0.4	47,640	23,410	24,235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	3,105	1,585	1,515	0.4	0.5	0.4	122,305	61,280	61,015	0.9	0.9	0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	480	210	270	0.1	0.1	0.1	16,615	8,475	8,140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	510	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,300	715	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	59,405	28,185	31,215	8.3	8.1	8.6	922,975	437,590	485,385	6.6	6.4	6.8
Catalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	415	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	16,055	7,840	8,210	2.3	2.2	2.3	312,800	149,440	163,360	2.2	2.2	2.3
Portuguese	18,895	8,830	10,065	2.7	2.5	2.8	208,575	101,175	107,390	1.5	1.5	1.5
Romanian	3,120	1,545	1,580	0.4	0.4	0.4	48,315	22,450	25,865	0.3	0.3	0.4
Spanish	24,075	11,240	12,835	3.4	3.2	3.5	401,205	187,785	213,425	2.9	2.7	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	85	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,355	1,325	1,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	110	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	910	510	405	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,775	810	965	0.2	0.2	0.3	30,705	13,895	16,810	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	5,260	2,445	2,815	0.7	0.7	0.8	90,475	41,165	49,310	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mongolian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	315	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	6,195	2,805	3,390	0.9	0.8	0.9	106,850	50,070	56,780	0.8	0.7	0.8
Akan (Twi)	1,225	495	730	0.2	0.1	0.2	17,570	8,065	9,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	395	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	315	130	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,210	1,370	1,835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	100	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,195	610	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	530	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	195	90	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,870	785	1,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,760	1,145	1,615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	110	35	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	420	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	500	240	260	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,115	3,985	4,130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,020	1,705	2,315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	190	60	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,315	3,255	4,065	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	480	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	135	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	265	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	380	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	75	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,895	2,250	2,650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,040	1,345	1,695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	185	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	265	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	1,550	740	810	0.2	0.2	0.2	24,360	11,850	12,510	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	130	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,495	740	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,455	730	730	0.2	0.2	0.2	24,375	11,775	12,600	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	685	310	370	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,825	6,130	6,695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,210	1,560	1,645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	255	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	260	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,155	1,040	1,115	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	415	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	675	340	335	0.1	0.1	0.1	18,990	7,515	11,475	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	585	295	290	0.1	0.1	0.1	16,685	6,460	10,225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	155	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	125	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,600	1,185	1,420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,480	22,215	25,265	6.7	6.3	7.0	747,160	348,570	398,590	5.3	5.1	5.6
Chinese languages	47,005	21,970	25,035	6.6	6.3	6.9	734,190	342,245	391,950	5.2	5.0	5.5
Hakka	400	200	200	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,760	4,120	4,640	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	31,700	14,725	16,980	4.4	4.2	4.7	467,415	214,895	252,520	3.3	3.1	3.5
Min Dong	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,450	690	765	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,660	745	920	0.2	0.2	0.3	18,020	8,040	9,985	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	465	190	275	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,720	3,010	3,710	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	19,900	9,320	10,585	2.8	2.7	2.9	352,135	163,575	188,560	2.5	2.4	2.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	435	195	245	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,200	2,505	2,690	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	245	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	455	235	220	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,135	6,410	6,735	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,570	1,255	1,315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	265	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,255	1,120	1,135	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,970	1,005	965	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	170	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	290	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,475	3,675	3,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	445	540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	250	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	440	195	250	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,655	5,555	7,105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	210	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,370	3,450	3,915	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	290	115	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,200	2,485	3,720	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	135	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	2,440	1,330	1,120	0.3	0.4	0.3	52,195	27,335	24,860	0.4	0.4	0.3
Azerbaijani	105	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,910	3,215	2,695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	710	320	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	2,245	1,225	1,020	0.3	0.4	0.3	44,815	23,570	21,245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Uyghur	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	430	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,095	1,040	1,055	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	465	610	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,835	875	965	0.3	0.3	0.3	52,025	23,840	28,185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,010	1,745	2,260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	145	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,455	4,035	5,420	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	1,560	745	810	0.2	0.2	0.2	38,690	18,095	20,600	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	135	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,145	990	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	712,825	349,875	362,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,555	1,795	1,755	0.5	0.5	0.5	406,585	195,100	211,495	2.9	2.8	3.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,375	1,715	1,660	0.5	0.5	0.5	389,955	187,485	202,470	2.8	2.7	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,950	985	975	0.3	0.3	0.3	251,030	120,545	130,485	1.8	1.8	1.8
Métis	1,395	730	670	0.2	0.2	0.2	134,615	64,850	69,765	1.0	0.9	1.0
Inuk (Inuit)	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,310	2,090	2,220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,115	3,225	3,890	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,515	4,385	5,130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	709,270	348,080	361,185	99.5	99.5	99.5	13,625,165	6,692,470	6,932,695	97.1	97.2	97.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	712,825	349,875	362,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,005	500	500	0.1	0.1	0.1	172,535	82,960	89,580	1.2	1.2	1.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	711,820	349,375	362,445	99.9	99.9	99.9	13,859,215	6,804,610	7,054,605	98.8	98.8	98.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	172,225	...	...	70.4	...	...	3,755,720	...	...	68.4	...	...
Renter	72,355	...	...	29.6	...	...	1,724,970	...	...	31.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	10,510	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	69,070	...	...	28.2	...	...	822,780	...	...	15.0	...	...
Not condominium	175,510	...	...	71.8	...	...	4,668,425	...	...	85.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	1,275	...	...	0.5	...	...	48,740	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	31,240	...	...	12.8	...	...	769,570	...	...	14.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	49,850	...	...	20.4	...	...	1,205,540	...	...	22.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	79,885	...	...	32.7	...	...	1,918,935	...	...	34.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	82,320	...	...	33.7	...	...	1,548,420	...	...	28.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	78,710	...	...	32.2	...	...	1,579,320	...	...	28.8	...	...
5 rooms	36,265	...	...	14.8	...	...	775,580	...	...	14.1	...	...
6 rooms	35,265	...	...	14.4	...	...	791,100	...	...	14.4	...	...
7 rooms	28,750	...	...	11.8	...	...	708,205	...	...	12.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	65,590	...	...	26.8	...	...	1,636,990	...	...	29.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	229,855	...	...	94.0	...	...	5,328,575	...	...	97.0	...	...
More than one person per room	14,720	...	...	6.0	...	...	162,625	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	216,910	...	...	88.7	...	...	5,122,185	...	...	93.3	...	...
Not suitable	27,660	...	...	11.3	...	...	369,015	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	17,730	...	...	7.2	...	...	1,247,430	...	...	22.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	75,015	...	...	30.7	...	...	1,456,110	...	...	26.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	47,955	...	...	19.6	...	...	711,940	...	...	13.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	46,745	...	...	19.1	...	...	644,080	...	...	11.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	23,530	...	...	9.6	...	...	385,045	...	...	7.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	15,745	...	...	6.4	...	...	348,760	...	...	6.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	9,550	...	...	3.9	...	...	328,735	...	...	6.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	8,300	...	...	3.4	...	...	369,095	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	232,950	...	...	95.2	...	...	5,177,155	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	11,625	...	...	4.8	...	...	314,050	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	110,565	...	...	45.2	...	...	2,677,880	...	...	48.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	112,395	...	...	46.0	...	...	2,506,110	...	...	45.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	21,620	...	...	8.8	...	...	307,210	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,595	...	...	1.5	...	...	126,385	...	...	2.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	24,745	...	...	10.1	...	...	727,305	...	...	13.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	40,875	...	...	16.7	...	...	930,410	...	...	16.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	51,605	...	...	21.1	...	...	1,013,210	...	...	18.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	58,260	...	...	23.8	...	...	1,149,345	...	...	20.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	38,545	...	...	15.8	...	...	876,960	...	...	16.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	19,955	...	...	8.2	...	...	481,250	...	...	8.8	...	...
85 years and over	6,995	...	...	2.9	...	...	186,330	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	243,100	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,415,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	174,940	...	...	72.0	...	...	4,103,320	...	...	75.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	68,155	...	...	28.0	...	...	1,312,095	...	...	24.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	60,495	...	...	24.9	...	...	1,169,040	...	...	21.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	244,575	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,491,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	95,180	...	...	38.9	...	...	1,802,285	...	...	32.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	57,695	...	...	23.6	...	...	1,150,405	...	...	20.9	...	...
Not suitable only	19,345	...	...	7.9	...	...	262,900	...	...	4.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	6,285	...	...	2.6	...	...	201,870	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	6,515	...	...	2.7	...	...	74,930	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	3,535	...	...	1.4	...	...	80,990	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,390	...	...	0.6	...	...	25,420	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	415	...	...	0.2	...	...	5,765	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	149,400	...	...	61.1	...	...	3,688,915	...	...	67.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	235,435	...	...	100.0	...	...	5,272,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	35,085	...	...	14.9	...	...	639,805	...	...	12.1	...	...
Not in core need	200,350	...	...	85.1	...	...	4,632,550	...	...	87.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	172,220	...	...	...	...	...	3,718,255	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.3	...	...	60.3	...	...	59.7	...	...	59.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.5	...	...	23.5	...	...	17.7	...	...	17.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,800	...	...	1,440	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,974	...	...	1,974	...	...	1,700	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...	700,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	999,000	...	...	999,000	...	...	807,000	...	...	807,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	72,350	...	...	...	...	...	1,722,000	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.9	...	...	12.9	...	...	13.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.1	...	...	39.1	...	...	38.4	...	...	38.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.0	...	...	28.0	...	...	24.9	...	...	24.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,600	...	...	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,650	...	...	1,650	...	...	1,408	...	...	1,408	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	10,510	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	324	...	...	324	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	380	...	...	380	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	712,825	349,880	362,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	755	365	390	0.1	0.1	0.1	169,090	81,790	87,305	1.2	1.2	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	750	360	390	0.1	0.1	0.1	166,095	80,470	85,625	1.2	1.2	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	490	220	265	0.1	0.1	0.1	136,445	65,890	70,555	1.0	1.0	1.0
Métis single ancestry	255	140	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,835	13,715	14,120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,810	860	955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,000	1,320	1,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,660	1,165	1,495	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,295	2,230	2,060	0.6	0.6	0.6	351,395	168,170	183,220	2.5	2.4	2.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,200	2,195	2,005	0.6	0.6	0.6	342,985	164,410	178,575	2.4	2.4	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,050	1,610	1,445	0.4	0.5	0.4	246,415	118,170	128,245	1.8	1.7	1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,135	580	550	0.2	0.2	0.2	93,245	44,675	48,575	0.7	0.6	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,325	1,570	1,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,405	3,760	4,640	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,595	3,465	4,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	205	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	80	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	707,780	347,285	360,495	99.3	99.3	99.3	13,511,270	6,637,605	6,873,660	96.3	96.4	96.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	712,825	349,880	362,945	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,031,755	6,887,565	7,144,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	600,215	294,035	306,180	84.2	84.0	84.4	12,633,260	6,196,980	6,436,280	90.0	90.0	90.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	118,190	60,365	57,825	16.6	17.3	15.9	2,554,125	1,312,480	1,241,645	18.2	19.1	17.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	482,020	233,670	248,350	67.6	66.8	68.4	10,079,140	4,884,505	5,194,635	71.8	70.9	72.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	112,610	55,840	56,770	15.8	16.0	15.6	1,398,490	690,590	707,905	10.0	10.0	9.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	712,825	349,880	362,945	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,031,755	6,887,565	7,144,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	306,375	154,210	152,165	43.0	44.1	41.9	9,437,320	4,691,825	4,745,495	67.3	68.1	66.4
Immigrants⁸¹	379,425	181,245	198,175	53.2	51.8	54.6	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,605	30.0	28.8	31.1
Before 1980	58,680	27,785	30,890	8.2	7.9	8.5	860,305	403,270	457,030	6.1	5.9	6.4
1980 to 1990	47,340	22,805	24,535	6.6	6.5	6.8	506,195	241,800	264,390	3.6	3.5	3.7
1991 to 2000	83,110	39,565	43,540	11.7	11.3	12.0	852,765	399,470	453,295	6.1	5.8	6.3
2001 to 2010	95,400	45,225	50,175	13.4	12.9	13.8	941,630	439,390	502,240	6.7	6.4	7.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	94,895	45,860	49,040	13.3	13.1	13.5	1,045,695	501,050	544,645	7.5	7.3	7.6
2011 to 2015	42,390	19,970	22,420	5.9	5.7	6.2	461,010	216,545	244,470	3.3	3.1	3.4
2016 to 2021	52,500	25,885	26,620	7.4	7.4	7.3	584,680	284,505	300,175	4.2	4.1	4.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	27,030	14,420	12,610	3.8	4.1	3.5	387,850	210,765	177,085	2.8	3.1	2.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	379,420	181,245	198,175	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	32,680	16,660	16,020	8.6	9.2	8.1	375,395	188,360	187,030	8.9	9.5	8.4
5 to 14 years	63,840	33,265	30,575	16.8	18.4	15.4	734,680	369,755	364,925	17.5	18.6	16.4
15 to 24 years	70,345	31,280	39,065	18.5	17.3	19.7	840,165	375,990	464,175	20.0	18.9	20.9
25 to 44 years	173,645	81,920	91,725	45.8	45.2	46.3	1,851,675	869,160	982,515	44.0	43.8	44.2
45 years and over	38,915	18,120	20,795	10.3	10.0	10.5	404,670	181,710	222,955	9.6	9.2	10.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	379,420	181,245	198,175	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	46,530	20,760	25,765	12.3	11.5	13.0	629,550	280,635	348,910	15.0	14.1	15.7
Brazil	1,275	550	730	0.3	0.3	0.4	23,125	10,700	12,420	0.5	0.5	0.6
Colombia	3,385	1,555	1,830	0.9	0.9	0.9	32,520	14,630	17,890	0.8	0.7	0.8
El Salvador	815	390	425	0.2	0.2	0.2	21,780	10,575	11,200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guyana	6,240	2,705	3,530	1.6	1.5	1.8	77,635	34,275	43,360	1.8	1.7	2.0
Haiti	155	90	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,375	5,000	6,380	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaica	11,015	4,620	6,390	2.9	2.5	3.2	122,770	52,770	70,000	2.9	2.7	3.2
Mexico	1,390	620	770	0.4	0.3	0.4	33,380	15,340	18,040	0.8	0.8	0.8
Peru	1,335	600	740	0.4	0.3	0.4	11,455	5,025	6,435	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	5,760	2,595	3,165	1.5	1.4	1.6	52,750	23,490	29,260	1.3	1.2	1.3
United States of America	5,580	2,610	2,970	1.5	1.4	1.5	111,390	49,035	62,355	2.6	2.5	2.8
Other places of birth in Americas	9,565	4,415	5,150	2.5	2.4	2.6	131,370	59,810	71,560	3.1	3.0	3.2
Europe	77,850	37,130	40,720	20.5	20.5	20.5	1,049,725	500,520	549,205	25.0	25.2	24.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,385	1,215	1,175	0.6	0.7	0.6	21,150	10,365	10,780	0.5	0.5	0.5
Croatia	3,035	1,510	1,525	0.8	0.8	0.8	24,270	11,860	12,405	0.6	0.6	0.6
France	625	305	325	0.2	0.2	0.2	15,240	7,305	7,930	0.4	0.4	0.4
Germany	2,115	985	1,125	0.6	0.5	0.6	54,275	25,665	28,610	1.3	1.3	1.3
Greece	1,385	695	695	0.4	0.4	0.4	31,650	15,385	16,265	0.8	0.8	0.7
Hungary	690	320	370	0.2	0.2	0.2	18,530	8,555	9,975	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	6,805	3,450	3,355	1.8	1.9	1.7	135,640	66,885	68,750	3.2	3.4	3.1
Netherlands	475	235	245	0.1	0.1	0.1	39,490	20,295	19,195	0.9	1.0	0.9
Poland	19,025	8,650	10,380	5.0	4.8	5.2	88,785	39,620	49,160	2.1	2.0	2.2
Portugal	10,415	5,020	5,395	2.7	2.8	2.7	95,490	46,635	48,855	2.3	2.3	2.2
Romania	2,645	1,270	1,375	0.7	0.7	0.7	40,475	18,690	21,780	1.0	0.9	1.0
Russian Federation	1,985	860	1,125	0.5	0.5	0.6	44,165	19,010	25,155	1.0	1.0	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	1,835	930	905	0.5	0.5	0.5	22,295	10,790	11,505	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukraine	4,675	2,205	2,475	1.2	1.2	1.2	43,070	19,255	23,820	1.0	1.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	9,225	4,530	4,695	2.4	2.5	2.4	239,485	115,580	123,910	5.7	5.8	5.6
Other places of birth in Europe	10,525	4,960	5,565	2.8	2.7	2.8	135,725	64,620	71,100	3.2	3.3	3.2
Africa	25,430	12,395	13,030	6.7	6.8	6.6	287,920	140,080	147,840	6.8	7.1	6.7
Algeria	340	185	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,355	2,160	2,195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	265	145	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,220	4,585	5,640	0.2	0.2	0.3
Egypt	8,975	4,605	4,370	2.4	2.5	2.2	39,345	20,480	18,865	0.9	1.0	0.8
Eritrea	255	120	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,200	7,255	6,950	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ethiopia	480	215	260	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,415	9,050	10,365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Morocco	460	155	310	0.1	0.1	0.2	8,105	3,805	4,300	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	2,920	1,510	1,405	0.8	0.8	0.7	37,420	18,840	18,580	0.9	0.9	0.8
Somalia	905	355	555	0.2	0.2	0.3	20,335	8,590	11,745	0.5	0.4	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	1,170	560	605	0.3	0.3	0.3	21,540	10,620	10,915	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth in Africa	9,660	4,550	5,110	2.5	2.5	2.6	112,985	54,690	58,290	2.7	2.8	2.6
Asia	228,910	110,640	118,270	60.3	61.0	59.7	2,225,590	1,056,605	1,168,985	52.9	53.2	52.6
Afghanistan	2,470	1,270	1,205	0.7	0.7	0.6	38,580	19,100	19,480	0.9	1.0	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	2,675	1,440	1,235	0.7	0.8	0.6	103,795	52,260	51,535	2.5	2.6	2.3
Iraq	8,415	4,260	4,155	2.2	2.4	2.1	63,255	31,725	31,525	1.5	1.6	1.4
Lebanon	3,315	1,595	1,725	0.9	0.9	0.9	38,170	19,650	18,515	0.9	1.0	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	6,705	3,330	3,370	1.8	1.8	1.7	45,685	22,995	22,695	1.1	1.2	1.0
Turkey	985	550	440	0.3	0.3	0.2	20,795	11,105	9,690	0.5	0.6	0.4
China⁹⁰	22,830	10,410	12,415	6.0	5.7	6.3	355,955	159,035	196,925	8.5	8.0	8.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	6,655	3,180	3,475	1.8	1.8	1.8	108,480	50,730	57,750	2.6	2.6	2.6
Korea, South⁹²	4,125	1,910	2,215	1.1	1.1	1.1	62,750	28,690	34,060	1.5	1.4	1.5
Taiwan	1,685	720	960	0.4	0.4	0.5	18,105	7,825	10,275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Philippines	28,670	12,345	16,330	7.6	6.8	8.2	268,580	109,035	159,545	6.4	5.5	7.2
Viet Nam	10,950	5,055	5,890	2.9	2.8	3.0	86,315	39,175	47,140	2.1	2.0	2.1
Bangladesh	3,065	1,535	1,535	0.8	0.8	0.8	46,260	23,520	22,740	1.1	1.2	1.0
India	61,255	30,465	30,790	16.1	16.8	15.5	495,750	249,975	245,780	11.8	12.6	11.1
Pakistan	33,805	17,050	16,755	8.9	9.4	8.5	165,530	83,050	82,475	3.9	4.2	3.7
Sri Lanka	7,785	3,690	4,090	2.1	2.0	2.1	112,730	54,625	58,100	2.7	2.8	2.6
Other places of birth in Asia	23,530	11,845	11,680	6.2	6.5	5.9	194,855	94,100	100,750	4.6	4.7	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	700	315	390	0.2	0.2	0.2	13,810	7,140	6,670	0.3	0.4	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	52,505	25,885	26,615	100.0	100.0	100.0	584,680	284,500	300,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,975	1,830	2,150	7.6	7.1	8.1	68,450	32,815	35,635	11.7	11.5	11.9
Brazil	275	100	175	0.5	0.4	0.7	8,725	4,095	4,625	1.5	1.4	1.5
Colombia	310	105	210	0.6	0.4	0.8	4,260	1,825	2,440	0.7	0.6	0.8
Haiti	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	705	845	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jamaica	705	365	340	1.3	1.4	1.3	9,970	5,205	4,770	1.7	1.8	1.6
Mexico	270	135	130	0.5	0.5	0.5	5,810	2,740	3,065	1.0	1.0	1.0
United States of America	1,260	595	665	2.4	2.3	2.5	17,945	8,895	9,045	3.1	3.1	3.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	195	65	135	0.4	0.3	0.5	3,400	1,500	1,900	0.6	0.5	0.6
Other places of birth in Americas	945	465	480	1.8	1.8	1.8	16,795	7,840	8,955	2.9	2.8	3.0
Europe	3,120	1,545	1,575	5.9	6.0	5.9	47,295	23,945	23,345	8.1	8.4	7.8
France	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,225	1,665	1,560	0.6	0.6	0.5
Germany	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,685	885	795	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	105	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.1	2,225	1,465	760	0.4	0.5	0.3
Italy	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,770	1,040	730	0.3	0.4	0.2
Russian Federation	185	65	120	0.4	0.3	0.5	5,150	2,010	3,135	0.9	0.7	1.0
Ukraine	610	290	315	1.2	1.1	1.2	6,035	2,675	3,360	1.0	0.9	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	260	150	110	0.5	0.6	0.4	8,000	4,820	3,180	1.4	1.7	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	1,775	870	910	3.4	3.4	3.4	19,200	9,375	9,830	3.3	3.3	3.3
Africa	4,550	2,270	2,275	8.7	8.8	8.5	64,910	32,295	32,615	11.1	11.4	10.9
Algeria	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,130	545	585	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,790	815	970	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cameroon	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,585	750	830	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,275	1,020	1,260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Côte d'Ivoire	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,085	495	595	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	1,555	790	765	3.0	3.1	2.9	6,370	3,230	3,145	1.1	1.1	1.0
Eritrea	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,145	3,795	3,350	1.2	1.3	1.1
Ethiopia	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1	3,480	1,595	1,880	0.6	0.6	0.6
Morocco	135	50	85	0.3	0.2	0.3	1,890	910	980	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	1,275	665	610	2.4	2.6	2.3	16,570	8,335	8,230	2.8	2.9	2.7
Somalia	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,345	1,775	1,570	0.6	0.6	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	165	80	90	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,915	1,455	1,460	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sudan⁹⁷	140	45	90	0.3	0.2	0.3	2,095	1,075	1,015	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tunisia	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2	820	390	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	770	390	380	1.5	1.5	1.4	12,405	6,105	6,305	2.1	2.1	2.1
Asia	40,800	20,215	20,590	77.7	78.1	77.4	401,940	194,220	207,725	68.7	68.3	69.2
Afghanistan	355	145	215	0.7	0.6	0.8	7,225	3,550	3,675	1.2	1.2	1.2
Bangladesh	455	230	220	0.9	0.9	0.8	7,710	3,970	3,735	1.3	1.4	1.2
China⁹⁰	2,680	1,140	1,540	5.1	4.4	5.8	54,645	22,895	31,750	9.3	8.0	10.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	95	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2	2,620	1,095	1,525	0.4	0.4	0.5
India	16,580	8,685	7,900	31.6	33.6	29.7	139,660	73,185	66,470	23.9	25.7	22.1
Iran⁸⁸	260	145	115	0.5	0.6	0.4	13,215	6,335	6,880	2.3	2.2	2.3
Iraq	2,045	1,025	1,025	3.9	4.0	3.9	12,940	6,415	6,525	2.2	2.3	2.2
Israel	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,270	1,175	1,100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japan	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,460	345	1,115	0.2	0.1	0.4
Jordan	315	175	140	0.6	0.7	0.5	2,610	1,340	1,270	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	285	105	180	0.5	0.4	0.7	6,935	2,855	4,075	1.2	1.0	1.4
Lebanon	495	240	260	0.9	0.9	1.0	4,365	2,185	2,175	0.7	0.8	0.7
Nepal	225	120	105	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,445	1,240	1,200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	4,305	2,135	2,165	8.2	8.2	8.1	23,970	11,805	12,170	4.1	4.1	4.1
Philippines	3,065	1,330	1,730	5.8	5.1	6.5	45,235	19,170	26,070	7.7	6.7	8.7
Saudi Arabia	1,030	490	540	2.0	1.9	2.0	6,110	3,300	2,805	1.0	1.2	0.9
Sri Lanka	400	160	240	0.8	0.6	0.9	5,895	2,770	3,120	1.0	1.0	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	4,375	2,175	2,195	8.3	8.4	8.2	30,180	15,370	14,805	5.2	5.4	4.9
Turkey	290	160	130	0.6	0.6	0.5	7,060	3,835	3,225	1.2	1.3	1.1
United Arab Emirates	1,265	670	595	2.4	2.6	2.2	5,310	2,785	2,520	0.9	1.0	0.8
Viet Nam	745	280	465	1.4	1.1	1.7	6,020	2,205	3,815	1.0	0.8	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	1,420	715	705	2.7	2.8	2.6	14,075	6,380	7,700	2.4	2.2	2.6
Oceania and other⁹³	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,090	1,230	855	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australia	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,620	985	640	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	470	250	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	712,825	349,875	362,945	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	412,535	198,815	213,715	57.9	56.8	58.9	4,725,795	2,259,845	2,465,955	33.7	32.8	34.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	192,000	97,085	94,915	26.9	27.7	26.2	3,180,170	1,594,980	1,585,195	22.7	23.2	22.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	108,295	53,975	54,320	15.2	15.4	15.0	6,125,785	3,032,745	3,093,040	43.7	44.0	43.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	320,745	153,460	167,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,346,285	1,581,710	1,764,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	179,000	91,230	87,770	55.8	59.4	52.5	1,669,195	831,060	838,135	49.9	52.5	47.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	69,680	45,935	23,745	21.7	29.9	14.2	697,905	424,975	272,930	20.9	26.9	15.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	109,320	45,290	64,030	34.1	29.5	38.3	971,295	406,090	565,205	29.0	25.7	32.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	89,420	34,500	54,920	27.9	22.5	32.8	1,037,680	420,725	616,955	31.0	26.6	35.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	48,575	26,020	22,555	15.1	17.0	13.5	587,735	306,430	281,310	17.6	19.4	15.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,755	1,710	2,040	1.2	1.1	1.2	51,675	23,490	28,180	1.5	1.5	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	320,745	153,460	167,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,346,285	1,581,710	1,764,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	18,860	10,075	8,780	5.9	6.6	5.2	262,835	139,045	123,790	7.9	8.8	7.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	21,710	10,255	11,450	6.8	6.7	6.8	289,330	131,810	157,520	8.6	8.3	8.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	5,400	2,775	2,630	1.7	1.8	1.6	79,320	39,275	40,050	2.4	2.5	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	11,195	5,395	5,795	3.5	3.5	3.5	179,715	85,115	94,595	5.4	5.4	5.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,775	730	1,050	0.6	0.5	0.6	19,030	7,670	11,360	0.6	0.5	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	261,805	124,230	137,575	81.6	81.0	82.2	2,516,055	1,178,800	1,337,255	75.2	74.5	75.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	712,825	349,875	362,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	441,480	215,950	225,520	61.9	61.7	62.1	4,817,360	2,350,135	2,467,230	34.3	34.1	34.5
South Asian	180,800	91,790	89,010	25.4	26.2	24.5	1,515,295	779,270	736,020	10.8	11.3	10.3
Chinese	52,095	24,770	27,325	7.3	7.1	7.5	820,245	388,310	431,935	5.8	5.6	6.0
Black	49,220	22,640	26,575	6.9	6.5	7.3	768,740	365,800	402,940	5.5	5.3	5.6
Filipino	38,335	17,390	20,945	5.4	5.0	5.8	363,650	157,580	206,070	2.6	2.3	2.9
Arab	42,805	21,920	20,885	6.0	6.3	5.8	284,215	146,815	137,395	2.0	2.1	1.9
Latin American	17,325	7,905	9,415	2.4	2.3	2.6	249,190	119,360	129,830	1.8	1.7	1.8
Southeast Asian	17,165	8,195	8,965	2.4	2.3	2.5	167,845	79,270	88,580	1.2	1.2	1.2
West Asian	8,510	4,305	4,200	1.2	1.2	1.2	212,185	106,670	105,520	1.5	1.5	1.5
Korean	5,825	2,805	3,020	0.8	0.8	0.8	99,425	46,800	52,625	0.7	0.7	0.7
Japanese	2,115	925	1,190	0.3	0.3	0.3	31,420	13,690	17,730	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10,890	5,220	5,670	1.5	1.5	1.6	124,120	59,280	64,835	0.9	0.9	0.9
Multiple visible minorities	16,410	8,075	8,330	2.3	2.3	2.3	181,025	87,280	93,750	1.3	1.3	1.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	271,345	133,925	137,425	38.1	38.3	37.9	9,214,395	4,537,435	4,676,955	65.7	65.9	65.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	712,825	349,875	362,945	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	42,315	21,530	20,790	5.9	6.2	5.7	1,621,655	815,240	806,415	11.6	11.8	11.3
English	46,415	23,000	23,415	6.5	6.6	6.5	2,347,685	1,145,055	1,202,630	16.7	16.6	16.8
Irish	39,785	19,520	20,265	5.6	5.6	5.6	1,999,985	952,395	1,047,595	14.3	13.8	14.7
Scottish	36,800	17,910	18,890	5.2	5.1	5.2	1,937,010	938,335	998,680	13.8	13.6	14.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	15,425	7,195	8,230	2.2	2.1	2.3	1,039,385	500,570	538,815	7.4	7.3	7.5
German	19,285	9,635	9,650	2.7	2.8	2.7	1,058,075	517,665	540,410	7.5	7.5	7.6
Chinese	55,350	26,310	29,045	7.8	7.5	8.0	821,835	388,045	433,795	5.9	5.6	6.1
Italian	38,075	19,230	18,845	5.3	5.5	5.2	905,105	453,765	451,335	6.5	6.6	6.3
Indian (India)	90,560	45,830	44,730	12.7	13.1	12.3	764,435	392,845	371,585	5.4	5.7	5.2
Ukrainian	17,350	8,410	8,940	2.4	2.4	2.5	342,260	164,565	177,690	2.4	2.4	2.5
Dutch	6,125	2,945	3,185	0.9	0.8	0.9	478,860	236,645	242,210	3.4	3.4	3.4
Polish	36,095	17,275	18,820	5.1	4.9	5.2	461,090	221,095	240,000	3.3	3.2	3.4
Québécois	445	235	215	0.1	0.1	0.1	28,035	13,475	14,555	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	12,325	6,035	6,290	1.7	1.7	1.7	462,995	225,610	237,385	3.3	3.3	3.3
Filipino	37,325	17,115	20,210	5.2	4.9	5.6	355,680	154,820	200,860	2.5	2.2	2.8
French Canadian	3,120	1,520	1,600	0.4	0.4	0.4	199,845	94,210	105,630	1.4	1.4	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,980	2,510	2,465	0.7	0.7	0.7	221,315	110,260	111,055	1.6	1.6	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,615	835	785	0.2	0.2	0.2	160,660	76,990	83,670	1.1	1.1	1.2
Métis	1,460	750	715	0.2	0.2	0.2	131,780	63,205	68,580	0.9	0.9	1.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	6,500	3,155	3,345	0.9	0.9	0.9	182,785	90,865	91,920	1.3	1.3	1.3
Russian	6,265	2,795	3,470	0.9	0.8	1.0	187,460	87,560	99,900	1.3	1.3	1.4
Norwegian	1,235	605	630	0.2	0.2	0.2	62,840	30,300	32,535	0.4	0.4	0.5
Welsh	3,880	1,815	2,065	0.5	0.5	0.6	188,980	89,555	99,425	1.3	1.3	1.4
Portuguese	27,845	13,555	14,290	3.9	3.9	3.9	300,600	149,460	151,145	2.1	2.2	2.1
American	3,425	1,620	1,795	0.5	0.5	0.5	129,750	62,895	66,855	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	9,865	4,515	5,350	1.4	1.3	1.5	143,840	66,950	76,890	1.0	1.0	1.1
Swedish	1,420	725	695	0.2	0.2	0.2	68,260	31,655	36,600	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hungarian	3,945	1,850	2,095	0.6	0.5	0.6	149,040	72,070	76,970	1.1	1.0	1.1
Acadian	600	340	265	0.1	0.1	0.1	34,125	16,055	18,070	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	41,025	20,915	20,110	5.8	6.0	5.5	212,650	107,640	105,015	1.5	1.6	1.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	9,710	4,560	5,145	1.4	1.3	1.4	149,265	72,095	77,175	1.1	1.0	1.1
Jewish	2,065	1,000	1,060	0.3	0.3	0.3	155,180	77,755	77,425	1.1	1.1	1.1
Punjabi	10,725	5,625	5,100	1.5	1.6	1.4	119,085	62,110	56,985	0.8	0.9	0.8
Vietnamese	15,010	7,250	7,765	2.1	2.1	2.1	122,735	58,135	64,590	0.9	0.8	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	16,645	8,490	8,155	2.3	2.4	2.2	110,250	56,985	53,270	0.8	0.8	0.7
Greek	5,890	2,980	2,910	0.8	0.9	0.8	143,065	72,455	70,605	1.0	1.1	1.0
Jamaican	15,860	7,065	8,795	2.2	2.0	2.4	201,945	95,525	106,420	1.4	1.4	1.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	9,685	4,670	5,020	1.4	1.3	1.4	110,750	53,190	57,565	0.8	0.8	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,025	9,580	10,445	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	6,025	2,890	3,140	0.8	0.8	0.9	100,025	47,215	52,810	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	3,755	1,845	1,910	0.5	0.5	0.5	86,435	41,425	45,005	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	4,645	2,270	2,375	0.7	0.6	0.7	80,345	40,555	39,790	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian	3,165	1,675	1,490	0.4	0.5	0.4	109,410	55,025	54,385	0.8	0.8	0.8
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	6,110	2,960	3,150	0.9	0.8	0.9	73,665	35,960	37,705	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	990	535	460	0.1	0.2	0.1	52,170	25,415	26,755	0.4	0.4	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	540	260	280	0.1	0.1	0.1	61,790	29,610	32,175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sikh	6,110	3,190	2,920	0.9	0.9	0.8	77,805	40,720	37,085	0.6	0.6	0.5
Austrian	1,940	965	975	0.3	0.3	0.3	63,920	31,280	32,640	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belgian	665	335	330	0.1	0.1	0.1	56,860	28,120	28,745	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	300	160	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,930	8,440	9,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	11,545	5,960	5,580	1.6	1.7	1.5	106,970	56,425	50,545	0.8	0.8	0.7
Mexican	2,350	1,110	1,240	0.3	0.3	0.3	54,725	27,070	27,655	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	200	115	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,095	19,075	19,025	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	980	490	495	0.1	0.1	0.1	56,510	27,790	28,720	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	995	500	500	0.1	0.1	0.1	76,275	36,805	39,465	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sri Lankan	7,370	3,610	3,765	1.0	1.0	1.0	105,765	51,825	53,940	0.8	0.8	0.8
Croatian	7,955	4,085	3,875	1.1	1.2	1.1	79,240	39,340	39,900	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	2,875	1,315	1,560	0.4	0.4	0.4	42,250	18,715	23,530	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10,410	5,095	5,315	1.5	1.5	1.5	83,435	42,105	41,335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	415	205	205	0.1	0.1	0.1	21,650	10,225	11,420	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	725	365	355	0.1	0.1	0.1	31,395	15,385	16,005	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	10,055	5,150	4,910	1.4	1.5	1.4	62,780	31,910	30,865	0.4	0.5	0.4
Egyptian	9,950	5,160	4,795	1.4	1.5	1.3	54,210	28,345	25,855	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	3,455	1,660	1,795	0.5	0.5	0.5	48,595	23,670	24,920	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	6,505	3,305	3,200	0.9	0.9	0.9	86,580	43,270	43,310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Icelandic	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,915	6,875	7,045	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	3,820	1,830	1,985	0.5	0.5	0.5	39,420	18,730	20,690	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	530	205	325	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,300	5,935	6,365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	1,485	670	815	0.2	0.2	0.2	39,400	18,745	20,655	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	6,385	3,210	3,180	0.9	0.9	0.9	42,525	21,170	21,365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	6,165	2,920	3,240	0.9	0.8	0.9	85,455	40,520	44,935	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afghan	4,085	2,055	2,035	0.6	0.6	0.6	61,255	30,315	30,940	0.4	0.4	0.4
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	4,015	1,875	2,140	0.6	0.5	0.6	59,655	27,150	32,505	0.4	0.4	0.5
Serbian	4,680	2,395	2,290	0.7	0.7	0.6	64,415	32,230	32,175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ojibway	300	165	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,770	25,660	27,110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Newfoundlander	750	390	360	0.1	0.1	0.1	29,950	14,735	15,215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	2,595	1,195	1,400	0.4	0.3	0.4	41,120	19,885	21,235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ontarian	1,060	510	550	0.1	0.1	0.2	64,245	31,915	32,335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian	1,685	930	755	0.2	0.3	0.2	46,445	23,795	22,650	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,460	2,545	2,910	0.8	0.7	0.8	59,110	28,445	30,670	0.4	0.4	0.4
Turkish	3,150	1,655	1,495	0.4	0.5	0.4	43,555	22,580	20,970	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,160	2,810	3,350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	2,740	1,415	1,330	0.4	0.4	0.4	47,195	24,190	23,000	0.3	0.4	0.3
Algerian	355	190	170	0.0	0.1	0.0	4,970	2,450	2,510	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	1,630	745	895	0.2	0.2	0.2	33,905	16,455	17,450	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	2,470	1,225	1,245	0.3	0.4	0.3	36,750	17,890	18,865	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	1,295	600	690	0.2	0.2	0.2	30,860	15,245	15,610	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	1,385	710	670	0.2	0.2	0.2	37,165	18,390	18,780	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	1,275	605	675	0.2	0.2	0.2	32,880	15,745	17,135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	2,165	935	1,230	0.3	0.3	0.3	41,640	19,575	22,070	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwanese	1,415	620	800	0.2	0.2	0.2	17,960	8,150	9,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	5,695	2,875	2,820	0.8	0.8	0.8	42,980	21,520	21,460	0.3	0.3	0.3
Salvadorean	940	440	500	0.1	0.1	0.1	24,740	11,925	12,815	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	3,695	1,620	2,075	0.5	0.5	0.6	43,475	19,070	24,405	0.3	0.3	0.3
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	3,210	1,500	1,710	0.5	0.4	0.5	32,785	15,515	17,265	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	4,730	2,425	2,310	0.7	0.7	0.6	38,000	19,570	18,430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	3,050	1,345	1,705	0.4	0.4	0.5	39,165	17,615	21,555	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquin	85	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,910	9,815	11,090	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	4,120	1,935	2,185	0.6	0.6	0.6	42,575	19,380	23,200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lithuanian	1,160	535	625	0.2	0.2	0.2	29,870	14,165	15,705	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	1,030	510	520	0.1	0.1	0.1	21,965	11,055	10,910	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	475	255	220	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,775	7,780	6,995	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	6,080	3,100	2,980	0.9	0.9	0.8	30,365	15,605	14,755	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chilean	1,225	565	660	0.2	0.2	0.2	14,370	6,800	7,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	285	130	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,815	5,870	6,945	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	365	140	225	0.1	0.0	0.1	10,195	5,000	5,190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	740	360	385	0.1	0.1	0.1	20,625	9,970	10,665	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	1,565	715	850	0.2	0.2	0.2	22,825	10,645	12,180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	1,580	725	855	0.2	0.2	0.2	15,260	7,295	7,965	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	1,220	650	570	0.2	0.2	0.2	19,350	9,870	9,475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	295	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,155	7,065	8,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	180	80	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,055	1,585	1,470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	3,830	1,895	1,935	0.5	0.5	0.5	29,575	14,865	14,715	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	2,985	1,500	1,485	0.4	0.4	0.4	33,825	16,710	17,110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	2,070	980	1,090	0.3	0.3	0.3	35,925	17,810	18,115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovenian	2,470	1,190	1,280	0.3	0.3	0.4	25,085	12,325	12,760	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	300	170	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,170	6,310	6,855	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,865	2,750	3,115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	2,210	1,130	1,080	0.3	0.3	0.3	25,995	13,705	12,285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrean	490	240	250	0.1	0.1	0.1	17,165	8,390	8,770	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	1,315	665	650	0.2	0.2	0.2	20,025	9,540	10,485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	360	190	175	0.1	0.1	0.0	20,570	10,745	9,825	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mohawk	180	110	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,595	10,170	10,425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	320	140	185	0.0	0.0	0.1	12,115	5,600	6,505	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	1,395	705	700	0.2	0.2	0.2	15,900	7,810	8,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,185	580	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	1,540	745	795	0.2	0.2	0.2	20,935	10,015	10,915	0.1	0.1	0.2
Barbadian	1,380	600	785	0.2	0.2	0.2	21,205	10,175	11,035	0.2	0.1	0.2
African American	780	330	445	0.1	0.1	0.1	16,380	7,985	8,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	750	390	360	0.1	0.1	0.1	16,400	7,800	8,605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	155	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,430	1,240	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,540	780	765	0.2	0.2	0.2	15,800	7,910	7,890	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	965	475	500	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,785	7,185	7,600	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	2,125	1,065	1,060	0.3	0.3	0.3	16,065	8,070	7,995	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	930	420	505	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,885	6,015	6,865	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	440	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	440	170	265	0.1	0.0	0.1	16,070	7,545	8,525	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	1,560	780	780	0.2	0.2	0.2	16,665	8,635	8,030	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	75	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,295	2,060	2,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	565	280	285	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,175	5,045	5,130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	1,180	520	660	0.2	0.1	0.2	10,645	4,835	5,820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	380	140	240	0.1	0.0	0.1	10,870	5,165	5,695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	755	405	355	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,560	4,790	5,775	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	545	280	265	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,875	7,390	7,480	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	240	145	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,135	5,135	5,005	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,020	460	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	1,305	560	745	0.2	0.2	0.2	18,835	8,955	9,880	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,755	8,900	9,855	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	790	420	375	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,950	5,935	6,015	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	385	195	195	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,025	6,585	7,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	490	260	230	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,495	7,445	6,050	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	220	95	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,345	1,080	1,265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	690	380	310	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,195	4,725	4,470	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	185	100	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,040	4,020	4,025	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	3,860	1,895	1,960	0.5	0.5	0.5	14,845	7,400	7,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	300	125	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,850	3,215	4,640	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	560	260	300	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,585	4,185	4,400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	1,005	480	530	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,585	5,890	5,690	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	570	255	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	1,120	600	520	0.2	0.2	0.1	17,080	8,360	8,720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	465	225	235	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,595	4,175	4,420	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	535	225	310	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,730	4,630	5,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	110	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,445	1,675	1,760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,300	590	710	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	220	105	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,295	2,065	2,225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80	55	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,550	2,640	2,910	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,865	2,645	2,220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	945	460	485	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,200	4,570	4,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	650	325	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	165	70	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,085	5,180	6,900	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	605	275	330	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,360	3,380	3,990	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	180	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	290	140	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,660	1,850	1,810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,070	1,000	1,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,755	720	1,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	705	345	360	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,440	4,045	4,400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	335	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,250	1,330	925	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	720	310	410	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,250	4,355	4,895	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	245	130	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,270	1,040	1,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	340	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,980	3,250	3,735	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,105	1,940	2,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,290	2,750	2,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	340	175	165	0.0	0.1	0.0	6,575	3,055	3,520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	805	410	400	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,050	2,540	2,510	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	515	245	280	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,970	3,290	3,680	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,300	3,560	3,745	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vincentian	580	255	325	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,080	4,010	5,070	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordanian	1,360	710	655	0.2	0.2	0.2	9,040	4,825	4,215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,505	700	800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,040	1,440	1,595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	100	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,450	1,580	1,865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	665	335	330	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,250	4,820	5,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	965	465	490	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,100	4,245	3,860	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	725	370	355	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,280	5,185	5,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	840	415	430	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,060	3,985	4,075	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	190	125	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,085	2,065	2,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	195	85	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,735	1,870	1,865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,555	1,630	1,920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,350	585	765	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	840	375	470	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,830	3,915	4,920	0.1	0.1	0.1
Flemish	75	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,565	1,770	1,790	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,730	3,345	3,390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,155	610	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	110	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,235	3,235	3,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	175	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,840	3,075	2,760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	1,205	650	555	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,385	3,395	2,990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	510	255	250	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,910	1,930	1,980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	2,125	1,045	1,080	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,930	3,830	4,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	135	90	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,150	1,535	1,615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	310	160	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,380	3,630	3,745	0.1	0.1	0.1
Zimbabwean	195	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,780	1,780	2,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	230	105	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,290	1,980	2,310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	275	170	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,585	1,635	1,950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	640	305	335	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,085	2,875	3,210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,100	570	530	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	620	275	345	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,605	3,425	4,180	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ugandan	170	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,685	2,225	2,460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	70	50	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,015	1,570	1,445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	370	150	215	0.1	0.0	0.1	4,865	2,285	2,580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	490	255	230	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,300	2,585	2,715	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,630	770	860	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	265	125	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,200	2,155	2,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	90	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,515	835	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	475	195	280	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,720	2,335	2,390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	350	155	190	0.0	0.0	0.1	4,055	2,045	2,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	145	95	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,605	1,650	1,955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,245	950	1,300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,165	605	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	150	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	530	590	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	235	105	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,850	2,660	3,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,900	890	1,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	285	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	125	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,325	630	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	740	405	335	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,755	2,665	2,090	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	160	90	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,470	1,735	1,735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	165	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,735	1,390	1,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	145	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,650	725	925	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	265	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	630	325	305	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,905	1,900	2,000	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	180	105	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,320	1,070	1,250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,365	1,185	1,180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	330	170	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,515	1,705	1,810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	330	180	150	0.0	0.1	0.0	4,150	2,065	2,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,135	1,560	1,575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	365	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	712,825	349,880	362,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	14,300	6,575	7,725	2.0	1.9	2.1	164,215	73,715	90,500	1.2	1.1	1.3
Christian	355,735	166,755	188,980	49.9	47.7	52.1	7,315,810	3,410,290	3,905,520	52.1	49.5	54.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	51,655	23,720	27,935	7.2	6.8	7.7	1,070,190	503,135	567,055	7.6	7.3	7.9
Anabaptist	325	160	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,795	28,065	29,725	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	14,605	6,670	7,935	2.0	1.9	2.2	525,425	236,080	289,345	3.7	3.4	4.1
Baptist	5,865	2,680	3,185	0.8	0.8	0.9	165,400	75,170	90,230	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	216,650	102,975	113,675	30.4	29.4	31.3	3,654,825	1,729,760	1,925,070	26.0	25.1	26.9
Christian Orthodox	25,625	12,390	13,235	3.6	3.5	3.6	329,850	158,655	171,200	2.4	2.3	2.4
Jehovah's Witness	1,905	795	1,110	0.3	0.2	0.3	48,290	20,680	27,610	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	370	155	210	0.1	0.0	0.1	16,420	7,710	8,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	2,235	1,070	1,170	0.3	0.3	0.3	114,810	52,600	62,215	0.8	0.8	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	955	410	545	0.1	0.1	0.2	35,320	15,890	19,430	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	8,315	3,670	4,650	1.2	1.0	1.3	174,605	77,250	97,360	1.2	1.1	1.4
Presbyterian	5,900	2,600	3,300	0.8	0.7	0.9	202,275	91,710	110,560	1.4	1.3	1.5
Reformed	385	190	195	0.1	0.1	0.1	47,400	23,275	24,120	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	10,595	4,650	5,945	1.5	1.3	1.6	570,830	251,315	319,520	4.1	3.6	4.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10,350	4,615	5,730	1.5	1.3	1.6	302,375	138,995	163,385	2.2	2.0	2.3
Hindu	62,520	31,705	30,805	8.8	9.1	8.5	573,700	295,980	277,720	4.1	4.3	3.9
Jewish	1,380	670	710	0.2	0.2	0.2	196,100	96,075	100,020	1.4	1.4	1.4
Muslim	120,965	61,075	59,880	17.0	17.5	16.5	942,990	474,965	468,025	6.7	6.9	6.6
Sikh	24,505	12,645	11,860	3.4	3.6	3.3	300,435	155,390	145,040	2.1	2.3	2.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,985	7,400	8,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	4,465	1,895	2,575	0.6	0.5	0.7	88,845	37,840	51,000	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	128,940	68,550	60,390	18.1	19.6	16.6	4,433,675	2,335,900	2,097,770	31.6	33.9	29.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	707,075	346,910	360,170	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,904,805	6,823,190	7,081,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	633,415	309,810	323,605	89.6	89.3	89.8	12,295,685	6,023,840	6,271,855	88.4	88.3	88.6
Movers	73,665	37,095	36,565	10.4	10.7	10.2	1,609,120	799,355	809,765	11.6	11.7	11.4
Non-migrants	40,870	20,605	20,260	5.8	5.9	5.6	914,170	454,180	459,990	6.6	6.7	6.5
Migrants	32,795	16,490	16,305	4.6	4.8	4.5	694,950	345,175	349,775	5.0	5.1	4.9
Internal migrants	20,565	10,300	10,270	2.9	3.0	2.9	570,275	282,115	288,165	4.1	4.1	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	18,310	9,135	9,180	2.6	2.6	2.5	516,425	255,130	261,300	3.7	3.7	3.7
Interprovincial migrants	2,255	1,165	1,090	0.3	0.3	0.3	53,850	26,985	26,865	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	12,230	6,195	6,035	1.7	1.8	1.7	124,670	63,060	61,610	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	681,500	333,955	347,540	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,349,180	6,539,010	6,810,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	456,750	221,515	235,235	67.0	66.3	67.7	8,361,770	4,077,100	4,284,665	62.6	62.4	62.9
Movers	224,750	112,445	112,305	33.0	33.7	32.3	4,987,410	2,461,910	2,525,505	37.4	37.6	37.1
Non-migrants	95,470	47,010	48,460	14.0	14.1	13.9	2,087,055	1,023,085	1,063,965	15.6	15.6	15.6
Migrants	129,280	65,430	63,845	19.0	19.6	18.4	2,900,355	1,438,815	1,461,540	21.7	22.0	21.5
Internal migrants	66,180	33,250	32,930	9.7	10.0	9.5	2,167,365	1,064,190	1,103,170	16.2	16.3	16.2
Intraprovincial migrants	58,050	29,165	28,880	8.5	8.7	8.3	1,938,720	949,475	989,250	14.5	14.5	14.5
Interprovincial migrants	8,130	4,080	4,050	1.2	1.2	1.2	228,640	114,715	113,925	1.7	1.8	1.7
External migrants	63,100	32,190	30,910	9.3	9.6	8.9	732,990	374,630	358,365	5.5	5.7	5.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	603,590	293,930	309,660	100.0	100.0	100.0	11,782,825	5,733,360	6,049,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	85,715	41,455	44,255	14.2	14.1	14.3	1,969,920	1,007,805	962,115	16.7	17.6	15.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	517,875	252,470	265,405	85.8	85.9	85.7	9,812,905	4,725,555	5,087,350	83.3	82.4	84.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	392,425	190,630	201,800	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,584,645	3,700,540	3,884,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	31,170	16,370	14,795	7.9	8.6	7.3	757,455	418,970	338,485	10.0	11.3	8.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	361,255	174,250	187,005	92.1	91.4	92.7	6,827,190	3,281,570	3,545,615	90.0	88.7	91.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	603,595	293,930	309,665	100.0	100.0	100.0	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	80,295	38,365	41,930	13.3	13.1	13.5	1,799,890	904,590	895,300	15.3	15.8	14.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	152,265	75,105	77,160	25.2	25.6	24.9	3,204,170	1,608,155	1,596,015	27.2	28.0	26.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	371,030	180,455	190,575	61.5	61.4	61.5	6,778,765	3,220,615	3,558,155	57.5	56.2	58.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	140,395	69,350	71,040	23.3	23.6	22.9	3,250,175	1,592,945	1,657,230	27.6	27.8	27.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	22,470	15,685	6,785	3.7	5.3	2.2	592,485	426,550	165,935	5.0	7.4	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,560	8,035	4,525	2.1	2.7	1.5	287,155	178,555	108,605	2.4	3.1	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	9,915	7,645	2,270	1.6	2.6	0.7	305,330	248,000	57,325	2.6	4.3	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	99,290	45,265	54,020	16.4	15.4	17.4	2,389,205	1,046,345	1,342,855	20.3	18.3	22.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,635	8,405	10,225	3.1	2.9	3.3	268,480	120,040	148,440	2.3	2.1	2.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	230,635	111,100	119,535	38.2	37.8	38.6	3,528,600	1,627,675	1,900,925	29.9	28.4	31.4
Bachelor's degree	150,240	70,305	79,935	24.9	23.9	25.8	2,307,685	1,034,000	1,273,685	19.6	18.0	21.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,805	7,085	7,720	2.5	2.4	2.5	224,820	99,320	125,500	1.9	1.7	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,385	2,840	3,545	1.1	1.0	1.1	90,530	45,085	45,445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Master's degree	53,970	27,540	26,430	8.9	9.4	8.5	786,440	377,795	408,640	6.7	6.6	6.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	5,235	3,325	1,910	0.9	1.1	0.6	119,125	71,465	47,655	1.0	1.2	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	392,425	190,625	201,800	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,584,645	3,700,540	3,884,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	28,030	14,815	13,215	7.1	7.8	6.5	667,665	367,715	299,945	8.8	9.9	7.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	78,470	40,065	38,405	20.0	21.0	19.0	1,770,810	938,035	832,775	23.3	25.3	21.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	285,925	135,740	150,185	72.9	71.2	74.4	5,146,170	2,394,785	2,751,385	67.8	64.7	70.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100,800	48,525	52,275	25.7	25.5	25.9	2,356,375	1,142,180	1,214,195	31.1	30.9	31.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,275	9,840	4,440	3.6	5.2	2.2	384,770	276,165	108,600	5.1	7.5	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,945	4,985	2,960	2.0	2.6	1.5	184,665	114,510	70,155	2.4	3.1	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,335	4,855	1,480	1.6	2.5	0.7	200,110	161,655	38,450	2.6	4.4	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	73,650	33,000	40,655	18.8	17.3	20.1	1,787,580	784,340	1,003,235	23.6	21.2	25.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,870	5,690	7,180	3.3	3.0	3.6	184,030	81,665	102,360	2.4	2.2	2.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	185,125	87,220	97,905	47.2	45.8	48.5	2,789,795	1,252,610	1,537,190	36.8	33.8	39.6
Bachelor's degree	117,405	54,135	63,275	29.9	28.4	31.4	1,798,010	793,045	1,004,965	23.7	21.4	25.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,615	5,300	6,320	3.0	2.8	3.1	173,205	72,790	100,420	2.3	2.0	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,270	2,220	3,045	1.3	1.2	1.5	71,055	31,530	39,525	0.9	0.9	1.0
Master's degree	46,915	23,305	23,610	12.0	12.2	11.7	658,060	305,270	352,785	8.7	8.2	9.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,925	2,265	1,660	1.0	1.2	0.8	89,470	49,975	39,490	1.2	1.4	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	603,595	293,925	309,665	100.0	100.0	100.0	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	232,560	113,475	119,090	38.5	38.6	38.5	5,004,055	2,512,745	2,491,305	42.5	43.8	41.2
Education	16,285	2,885	13,400	2.7	1.0	4.3	358,255	79,480	278,775	3.0	1.4	4.6
13. Education	16,285	2,885	13,400	2.7	1.0	4.3	358,255	79,480	278,775	3.0	1.4	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	11,500	4,615	6,885	1.9	1.6	2.2	258,480	110,905	147,580	2.2	1.9	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,255	870	390	0.2	0.3	0.1	26,160	18,830	7,330	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	10,245	3,750	6,495	1.7	1.3	2.1	232,325	92,080	140,250	2.0	1.6	2.3
Humanities	20,955	6,080	14,880	3.5	2.1	4.8	388,160	139,895	248,265	3.3	2.4	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,275	430	1,845	0.4	0.1	0.6	40,335	8,230	32,110	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	5,070	1,090	3,980	0.8	0.4	1.3	99,000	27,245	71,755	0.8	0.5	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,405	2,345	6,060	1.4	0.8	2.0	112,250	37,775	74,470	1.0	0.7	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	415	165	250	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,520	3,610	6,915	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,165	505	655	0.2	0.2	0.2	26,705	14,590	12,115	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	875	535	345	0.1	0.2	0.1	28,715	17,275	11,440	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	2,110	945	1,160	0.3	0.3	0.4	54,415	28,500	25,910	0.5	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	650	65	580	0.1	0.0	0.2	16,220	2,670	13,555	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45,905	15,190	30,720	7.6	5.2	9.9	928,970	308,755	620,210	7.9	5.4	10.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	460	90	365	0.1	0.0	0.1	12,940	2,725	10,220	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	5,165	1,940	3,220	0.9	0.7	1.0	106,350	42,040	64,305	0.9	0.7	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,885	605	6,280	1.1	0.2	2.0	154,370	12,575	141,795	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	7,270	2,580	4,695	1.2	0.9	1.5	144,535	50,355	94,180	1.2	0.9	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	945	300	655	0.2	0.1	0.2	24,040	7,835	16,205	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	6,385	1,400	4,985	1.1	0.5	1.6	142,265	33,385	108,885	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	18,800	8,280	10,525	3.1	2.8	3.4	344,465	159,850	184,620	2.9	2.8	3.1
Business, management and public administration	96,290	44,420	51,865	16.0	15.1	16.7	1,472,490	630,535	841,955	12.5	11.0	13.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,340	850	1,490	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,050	855	3,195	0.7	0.3	1.0	123,510	24,630	98,885	1.0	0.4	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	92,115	43,510	48,610	15.3	14.8	15.7	1,346,635	605,055	741,585	11.4	10.6	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20,495	8,910	11,580	3.4	3.0	3.7	303,310	141,260	162,050	2.6	2.5	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	8,070	2,930	5,140	1.3	1.0	1.7	133,895	52,610	81,285	1.1	0.9	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,710	2,395	3,320	0.9	0.8	1.1	69,195	30,195	38,995	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	485	125	360	0.1	0.0	0.1	6,440	1,795	4,640	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	5,500	3,210	2,290	0.9	1.1	0.7	80,200	51,680	28,525	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	725	250	475	0.1	0.1	0.2	13,585	4,980	8,605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	27,715	18,035	9,680	4.6	6.1	3.1	367,845	240,245	127,600	3.1	4.2	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	22,495	15,350	7,140	3.7	5.2	2.3	284,925	198,705	86,220	2.4	3.5	1.4
25. Library science	555	65	495	0.1	0.0	0.2	16,090	2,620	13,475	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,920	2,115	1,800	0.6	0.7	0.6	56,120	31,880	24,245	0.5	0.6	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	750	505	245	0.1	0.2	0.1	10,705	7,040	3,660	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	71,895	60,780	11,110	11.9	20.7	3.6	1,274,815	1,122,875	151,940	10.8	19.6	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	3,545	2,195	1,345	0.6	0.7	0.4	61,850	39,075	22,780	0.5	0.7	0.4
14. Engineering	36,150	28,610	7,535	6.0	9.7	2.4	414,085	329,125	84,960	3.5	5.7	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	13,540	11,765	1,780	2.2	4.0	0.6	278,410	247,630	30,775	2.4	4.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	35	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	7,195	7,010	185	1.2	2.4	0.1	197,795	193,595	4,205	1.7	3.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,525	7,390	125	1.2	2.5	0.0	208,980	204,525	4,450	1.8	3.6	0.1
48. Precision production	3,925	3,795	125	0.7	1.3	0.0	113,510	108,890	4,625	1.0	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,515	2,245	2,270	0.7	0.8	0.7	132,765	73,065	59,705	1.1	1.3	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,035	1,515	1,520	0.5	0.5	0.5	86,885	46,085	40,795	0.7	0.8	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,475	730	750	0.2	0.2	0.2	45,885	26,975	18,910	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	42,145	10,725	31,420	7.0	3.6	10.1	939,610	194,715	744,900	8.0	3.4	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	3,210	1,755	1,460	0.5	0.6	0.5	84,485	41,350	43,135	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	37,475	8,300	29,175	6.2	2.8	9.4	828,240	139,360	688,880	7.0	2.4	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	85	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,335	585	1,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,370	640	730	0.2	0.2	0.2	24,520	13,410	11,110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,215	6,525	6,695	2.2	2.2	2.2	351,505	178,155	173,350	3.0	3.1	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	7,370	2,235	5,140	1.2	0.8	1.7	181,985	49,755	132,230	1.5	0.9	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	40	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,135	1,895	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	80	80	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,200	2,010	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	3,740	2,430	1,315	0.6	0.8	0.4	110,890	75,460	35,430	0.9	1.3	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,975	1,745	230	0.3	0.6	0.1	54,295	49,040	5,255	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	115	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,555	725	1,830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	392,425	190,625	201,800	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,584,650	3,700,540	3,884,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	106,500	54,885	51,620	27.1	28.8	25.6	2,438,475	1,305,750	1,132,720	32.2	35.3	29.2
Education	11,560	1,965	9,595	2.9	1.0	4.8	242,725	50,715	192,005	3.2	1.4	4.9
13. Education	11,560	1,965	9,595	2.9	1.0	4.8	242,725	50,715	192,005	3.2	1.4	4.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,915	3,535	5,385	2.3	1.9	2.7	199,945	84,310	115,635	2.6	2.3	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	885	610	275	0.2	0.3	0.1	18,425	12,920	5,505	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	8,035	2,920	5,110	2.0	1.5	2.5	181,520	71,390	110,130	2.4	1.9	2.8
Humanities	15,740	4,380	11,360	4.0	2.3	5.6	279,505	97,835	181,670	3.7	2.6	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,635	290	1,345	0.4	0.2	0.7	29,620	5,455	24,165	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	3,930	820	3,110	1.0	0.4	1.5	71,745	19,350	52,390	0.9	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,355	1,685	4,665	1.6	0.9	2.3	83,455	27,595	55,860	1.1	0.7	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	295	120	175	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,195	2,395	4,805	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	875	380	495	0.2	0.2	0.2	19,380	10,610	8,765	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	600	330	270	0.2	0.2	0.1	18,420	11,085	7,335	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	1,580	710	880	0.4	0.4	0.4	39,275	19,895	19,380	0.5	0.5	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	475	50	425	0.1	0.0	0.2	10,415	1,445	8,970	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35,395	11,250	24,145	9.0	5.9	12.0	729,685	232,410	497,275	9.6	6.3	12.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	360	55	310	0.1	0.0	0.2	10,515	2,085	8,430	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,080	1,495	2,580	1.0	0.8	1.3	88,895	34,255	54,645	1.2	0.9	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,075	425	4,650	1.3	0.2	2.3	119,090	8,825	110,265	1.6	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	5,945	1,935	4,000	1.5	1.0	2.0	117,900	37,130	80,775	1.6	1.0	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	690	225	465	0.2	0.1	0.2	18,585	6,035	12,555	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	4,965	1,045	3,925	1.3	0.5	1.9	107,035	23,715	83,320	1.4	0.6	2.1
45. Social sciences	14,285	6,070	8,215	3.6	3.2	4.1	267,660	120,375	147,285	3.5	3.3	3.8
Business, management and public administration	77,165	34,975	42,190	19.7	18.3	20.9	1,161,875	487,235	674,650	15.3	13.2	17.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,785	655	1,130	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,250	675	2,570	0.8	0.4	1.3	98,675	18,325	80,355	1.3	0.5	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	73,815	34,255	39,565	18.8	18.0	19.6	1,061,420	468,255	593,165	14.0	12.7	15.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	14,800	6,070	8,730	3.8	3.2	4.3	220,805	97,905	122,895	2.9	2.6	3.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,935	2,075	3,855	1.5	1.1	1.9	100,550	38,595	61,955	1.3	1.0	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,130	1,695	2,435	1.1	0.9	1.2	50,505	21,085	29,425	0.7	0.6	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	395	95	300	0.1	0.0	0.1	5,100	1,410	3,690	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	3,820	2,045	1,775	1.0	1.1	0.9	55,565	33,765	21,800	0.7	0.9	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	520	155	365	0.1	0.1	0.2	9,090	3,055	6,035	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	23,755	15,380	8,380	6.1	8.1	4.2	304,045	200,360	103,685	4.0	5.4	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	19,785	13,395	6,385	5.0	7.0	3.2	244,700	170,900	73,800	3.2	4.6	1.9
25. Library science	365	50	315	0.1	0.0	0.2	9,860	1,740	8,120	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,945	1,495	1,455	0.8	0.8	0.7	40,875	22,115	18,760	0.5	0.6	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	665	445	220	0.2	0.2	0.1	8,610	5,605	3,005	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	52,980	43,585	9,400	13.5	22.9	4.7	932,505	805,990	126,515	12.3	21.8	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	2,735	1,625	1,105	0.7	0.9	0.5	48,030	29,245	18,785	0.6	0.8	0.5
14. Engineering	28,390	21,810	6,580	7.2	11.4	3.3	326,190	252,675	73,515	4.3	6.8	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	9,660	8,210	1,460	2.5	4.3	0.7	202,375	178,135	24,240	2.7	4.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	35	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,845	4,735	115	1.2	2.5	0.1	137,150	133,905	3,240	1.8	3.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,905	4,850	55	1.2	2.5	0.0	143,480	140,190	3,290	1.9	3.8	0.1
48. Precision production	2,430	2,345	80	0.6	1.2	0.0	75,115	71,805	3,310	1.0	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,300	1,565	1,735	0.8	0.8	0.9	100,525	52,065	48,460	1.3	1.4	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,120	985	1,135	0.5	0.5	0.6	64,365	31,780	32,585	0.8	0.9	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,180	585	595	0.3	0.3	0.3	36,155	20,290	15,875	0.5	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	32,480	8,230	24,245	8.3	4.3	12.0	703,890	148,295	555,600	9.3	4.0	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	2,185	1,235	945	0.6	0.6	0.5	64,360	31,305	33,055	0.8	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	29,165	6,500	22,665	7.4	3.4	11.2	619,520	107,760	511,760	8.2	2.9	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,960	375	1,580	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,040	465	575	0.3	0.2	0.3	18,030	8,855	9,175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	9,740	4,790	4,950	2.5	2.5	2.5	268,815	137,235	131,575	3.5	3.7	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	5,475	1,620	3,855	1.4	0.8	1.9	136,310	37,500	98,810	1.8	1.0	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,600	1,400	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,180	1,070	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	2,810	1,865	945	0.7	1.0	0.5	89,470	60,610	28,855	1.2	1.6	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,395	1,250	150	0.4	0.7	0.1	40,255	36,655	3,600	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	85	20	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,860	435	1,420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	392,425	190,625	201,800	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,584,650	3,700,540	3,884,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	106,500	54,885	51,620	27.1	28.8	25.6	2,438,475	1,305,750	1,132,720	32.2	35.3	29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	285,925	135,745	150,180	72.9	71.2	74.4	5,146,175	2,394,790	2,751,385	67.8	64.7	70.8
Location of study inside Canada	165,130	78,780	86,350	42.1	41.3	42.8	3,921,795	1,818,550	2,103,240	51.7	49.1	54.1
Same as province or territory of residence	154,900	73,590	81,310	39.5	38.6	40.3	3,634,290	1,680,865	1,953,420	47.9	45.4	50.3
Different than province or territory of residence	10,235	5,190	5,040	2.6	2.7	2.5	287,505	137,685	149,820	3.8	3.7	3.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	120,795	56,965	63,830	30.8	29.9	31.6	1,224,380	576,235	648,140	16.1	15.6	16.7
Americas	14,140	7,285	6,850	3.6	3.8	3.4	229,280	113,350	115,930	3.0	3.1	3.0
United States of America	7,865	4,460	3,405	2.0	2.3	1.7	140,770	72,740	68,035	1.9	2.0	1.8
Mexico	725	310	420	0.2	0.2	0.2	11,625	5,075	6,545	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	335	180	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,715	1,875	1,840	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,250	620	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	705	285	425	0.2	0.1	0.2	9,200	4,480	4,720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	715	310	405	0.2	0.2	0.2	17,755	8,105	9,645	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	1,285	560	725	0.3	0.3	0.4	12,705	5,495	7,205	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	305	100	205	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,750	1,050	1,700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	430	180	250	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,530	2,340	3,190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	1,760	900	860	0.4	0.5	0.4	23,985	11,560	12,425	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	19,045	9,715	9,330	4.9	5.1	4.6	224,050	113,485	110,560	3.0	3.1	2.8
Belgium	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,650	885	765	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	445	230	215	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,580	6,190	5,390	0.2	0.2	0.1
Germany	310	195	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,115	3,880	3,240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	160	100	60	0.0	0.1	0.0	4,345	2,410	1,935	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	130	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,525	1,265	1,255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,960	1,425	1,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	140	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,080	880	1,205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	4,260	1,915	2,350	1.1	1.0	1.2	16,450	7,365	9,090	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	1,195	595	600	0.3	0.3	0.3	14,985	7,380	7,605	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	945	440	510	0.2	0.2	0.3	19,185	8,720	10,460	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	2,345	1,070	1,270	0.6	0.6	0.6	18,225	8,245	9,985	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	300	165	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,925	3,920	3,000	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,830	2,785	2,045	1.2	1.5	1.0	72,655	39,105	33,550	1.0	1.1	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	350	185	165	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,415	1,600	1,820	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	160	105	60	0.0	0.1	0.0	3,895	2,230	1,660	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	510	280	235	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,750	2,910	2,840	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	2,710	1,390	1,320	0.7	0.7	0.7	30,300	15,075	15,225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Africa	7,200	3,365	3,830	1.8	1.8	1.9	65,145	31,940	33,205	0.9	0.9	0.9
Nigeria	1,080	565	515	0.3	0.3	0.3	15,165	7,355	7,810	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	135	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	685	860	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	135	35	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,180	960	1,215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	805	375	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	4,010	1,895	2,110	1.0	1.0	1.0	17,195	8,445	8,755	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	345	170	180	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,770	3,545	3,225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	1,445	600	845	0.4	0.3	0.4	21,480	10,570	10,905	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	79,475	36,085	43,390	20.3	18.9	21.5	686,295	308,075	378,220	9.0	8.3	9.7
Iran⁸⁸	675	280	395	0.2	0.1	0.2	35,535	16,145	19,390	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iraq	2,420	1,075	1,345	0.6	0.6	0.7	12,270	6,020	6,250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,675	3,365	3,310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	965	460	505	0.2	0.2	0.3	7,235	3,350	3,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	1,630	785	845	0.4	0.4	0.4	7,515	3,610	3,905	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	345	190	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,585	4,105	3,475	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	7,260	3,335	3,925	1.9	1.7	1.9	92,585	41,055	51,530	1.2	1.1	1.3
Taiwan	290	105	180	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,535	1,125	2,410	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	585	270	315	0.1	0.1	0.2	8,875	3,660	5,210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	385	160	225	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,310	2,145	4,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	1,295	545	755	0.3	0.3	0.4	21,145	8,075	13,070	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	10,950	4,120	6,830	2.8	2.2	3.4	109,885	38,390	71,495	1.4	1.0	1.8
Viet Nam	635	245	390	0.2	0.1	0.2	5,120	1,845	3,280	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	1,020	425	595	0.3	0.2	0.3	16,250	7,315	8,945	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	1,070	450	620	0.3	0.2	0.3	11,075	5,125	5,950	0.1	0.1	0.2
India	33,070	15,960	17,110	8.4	8.4	8.5	245,655	121,625	124,035	3.2	3.3	3.2
Pakistan	12,165	5,510	6,655	3.1	2.9	3.3	53,750	24,970	28,780	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other locations of study in Asia	4,600	2,105	2,495	1.2	1.1	1.2	35,295	16,145	19,150	0.5	0.4	0.5
Oceania	930	510	420	0.2	0.3	0.2	19,605	9,380	10,220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australia	825	445	380	0.2	0.2	0.2	16,965	8,040	8,925	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	85	65	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,445	1,240	1,200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	603,595	293,930	309,665	...	...	...	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460	...	...	...
In the labour force	385,915	203,180	182,735	...	...	...	7,399,200	3,847,325	3,551,880	...	...	...
Employed	332,000	178,160	153,840	...	...	...	6,492,895	3,416,955	3,075,940	...	...	...
Unemployed	53,920	25,025	28,900	...	...	...	906,310	430,365	475,940	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	217,670	90,745	126,925	...	...	...	4,383,620	1,886,035	2,497,580	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.9	69.1	59.0	63.9	69.1	59.0	62.8	67.1	58.7	62.8	67.1	58.7
Employment rate	55.0	60.6	49.7	55.0	60.6	49.7	55.1	59.6	50.8	55.1	59.6	50.8
Unemployment rate	14.0	12.3	15.8	14.0	12.3	15.8	12.2	11.2	13.4	12.2	11.2	13.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	603,595	293,925	309,665	100.0	100.0	100.0	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	228,605	97,045	131,565	37.9	33.0	42.5	4,469,170	1,946,590	2,522,580	37.9	34.0	41.7
Worked	374,990	196,885	178,105	62.1	67.0	57.5	7,313,650	3,786,770	3,526,880	62.1	66.0	58.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	206,735	115,850	90,885	34.3	39.4	29.3	3,982,300	2,219,290	1,763,015	33.8	38.7	29.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	168,250	81,035	87,215	27.9	27.6	28.2	3,331,350	1,567,480	1,763,870	28.3	27.3	29.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.4	41.4	39.4	40.4	41.4	39.4	41.1	41.9	40.1	41.1	41.9	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	385,915	203,180	182,740	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,625	6,740	7,880	3.8	3.3	4.3	212,505	102,580	109,925	2.9	2.7	3.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	371,295	196,440	174,860	96.2	96.7	95.7	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950	97.1	97.3	96.9
Employee	315,540	158,960	156,585	81.8	78.2	85.7	6,109,070	3,071,915	3,037,155	82.6	79.8	85.5
Permanent position	265,785	135,880	129,905	68.9	66.9	71.1	5,166,275	2,627,415	2,538,865	69.8	68.3	71.5
Temporary position	49,760	23,075	26,680	12.9	11.4	14.6	942,795	444,505	498,290	12.7	11.6	14.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	17,885	8,340	9,545	4.6	4.1	5.2	324,250	147,125	177,125	4.4	3.8	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	31,870	14,740	17,135	8.3	7.3	9.4	618,540	297,380	321,160	8.4	7.7	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	55,755	37,480	18,270	14.4	18.4	10.0	1,077,625	672,825	404,800	14.6	17.5	11.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	385,915	203,180	182,740	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,625	6,740	7,880	3.8	3.3	4.3	212,505	102,580	109,925	2.9	2.7	3.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	371,295	196,440	174,860	96.2	96.7	95.7	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950	97.1	97.3	96.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	4,955	3,545	1,410	1.3	1.7	0.8	95,240	66,160	29,080	1.3	1.7	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	82,165	30,460	51,705	21.3	15.0	28.3	1,328,155	449,705	878,445	17.9	11.7	24.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	48,950	36,505	12,445	12.7	18.0	6.8	685,390	513,025	172,365	9.3	13.3	4.9
3 Health occupations	23,720	5,615	18,105	6.1	2.8	9.9	543,565	110,185	433,380	7.3	2.9	12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	34,620	10,620	24,005	9.0	5.2	13.1	871,260	289,220	582,035	11.8	7.5	16.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	9,330	4,340	4,985	2.4	2.1	2.7	232,200	105,695	126,505	3.1	2.7	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	90,300	41,455	48,850	23.4	20.4	26.7	1,735,930	782,170	953,760	23.5	20.3	26.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	56,875	50,440	6,435	14.7	24.8	3.5	1,175,410	1,063,670	111,740	15.9	27.6	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,295	1,860	435	0.6	0.9	0.2	148,055	111,985	36,075	2.0	2.9	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,080	11,595	6,485	4.7	5.7	3.5	371,490	252,930	118,560	5.0	6.6	3.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	385,915	203,180	182,740	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,625	6,740	7,880	3.8	3.3	4.3	212,505	102,580	109,925	2.9	2.7	3.1
All industries¹⁹¹	371,295	196,440	174,860	96.2	96.7	95.7	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950	97.1	97.3	96.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	690	335	355	0.2	0.2	0.2	104,895	66,330	38,565	1.4	1.7	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	545	370	180	0.1	0.2	0.1	34,360	29,285	5,080	0.5	0.8	0.1
22 Utilities	1,805	1,230	580	0.5	0.6	0.3	55,230	41,785	13,445	0.7	1.1	0.4
23 Construction	23,065	19,635	3,430	6.0	9.7	1.9	538,340	466,825	71,515	7.3	12.1	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	34,185	22,925	11,260	8.9	11.3	6.2	655,935	457,795	198,135	8.9	11.9	5.6
41 Wholesale trade	19,520	11,220	8,305	5.1	5.5	4.5	244,910	157,760	87,155	3.3	4.1	2.5
44-45 Retail trade	42,635	21,055	21,585	11.0	10.4	11.8	798,090	383,965	414,135	10.8	10.0	11.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	28,765	20,565	8,200	7.5	10.1	4.5	379,485	282,295	97,190	5.1	7.3	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	9,985	6,130	3,860	2.6	3.0	2.1	169,120	98,930	70,190	2.3	2.6	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	28,545	13,615	14,930	7.4	6.7	8.2	399,030	185,100	213,935	5.4	4.8	6.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	8,800	4,805	3,990	2.3	2.4	2.2	152,050	80,630	71,420	2.1	2.1	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	46,330	27,865	18,460	12.0	13.7	10.1	681,235	384,400	296,835	9.2	10.0	8.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,070	840	1,235	0.5	0.4	0.7	26,240	12,465	13,780	0.4	0.3	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	17,160	9,250	7,905	4.4	4.6	4.3	324,285	183,445	140,835	4.4	4.8	4.0
61 Educational services	23,330	6,850	16,485	6.0	3.4	9.0	531,260	165,080	366,175	7.2	4.3	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	36,230	7,465	28,765	9.4	3.7	15.7	859,910	163,580	696,335	11.6	4.3	19.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,520	2,460	2,055	1.2	1.2	1.1	130,490	67,705	62,785	1.8	1.8	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	17,960	7,950	10,015	4.7	3.9	5.5	390,675	171,925	218,745	5.3	4.5	6.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	12,585	5,825	6,755	3.3	2.9	3.7	283,115	131,210	151,905	3.8	3.4	4.3
91 Public administration	12,565	6,060	6,495	3.3	3.0	3.6	428,030	214,245	213,785	5.8	5.6	6.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	407,720	213,305	194,410	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	372,730	196,180	176,550	91.4	92.0	90.8	7,181,805	3,743,490	3,438,320	91.1	91.9	90.2
French	625	165	460	0.2	0.1	0.2	52,565	18,880	33,680	0.7	0.5	0.9
Non-official language	4,415	2,320	2,095	1.1	1.1	1.1	74,365	39,275	35,090	0.9	1.0	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	160	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,415	2,320	2,095	1.1	1.1	1.1	74,060	39,120	34,940	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and French	5,885	2,050	3,835	1.4	1.0	2.0	285,005	121,875	163,125	3.6	3.0	4.3
English and non-official language(s)	23,060	12,160	10,905	5.7	5.7	5.6	275,330	141,295	134,035	3.5	3.5	3.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	150	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	695	270	425	0.2	0.1	0.2	10,820	4,890	5,925	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	290	155	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,475	2,885	2,585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	407,720	213,305	194,410	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	402,080	210,520	191,560	98.6	98.7	98.5	7,783,760	4,024,730	3,759,025	98.7	98.8	98.6
Official languages	393,335	206,105	187,230	96.5	96.6	96.3	7,649,065	3,955,095	3,693,975	97.0	97.1	96.9
English	391,975	205,765	186,205	96.1	96.5	95.8	7,555,160	3,920,680	3,634,480	95.8	96.3	95.3
French	1,360	340	1,025	0.3	0.2	0.5	93,910	34,410	59,495	1.2	0.8	1.6
Non-official languages	8,750	4,420	4,330	2.1	2.1	2.2	134,690	69,640	65,050	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,240	610	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,185	590	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,030	515	510	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	250	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	265	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	250	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,750	4,420	4,330	2.1	2.1	2.2	133,450	69,030	64,420	1.7	1.7	1.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	775	455	325	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,830	2,800	2,035	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	80	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	760	440	315	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,615	2,700	1,915	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	730	420	310	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,735	2,195	1,540	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	305	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	235	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	65	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	130	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	555	265	285	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,365	1,510	1,855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	555	265	285	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,225	1,450	1,775	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	150	60	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	655	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	555	780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	70	100	0.0	0.0	0.1	2,660	1,255	1,410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	95	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	130	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,440	1,150	1,295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,850	1,975	1,865	0.9	0.9	1.0	50,205	27,580	22,620	0.6	0.7	0.6
Albanian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	155	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,270	585	685	0.3	0.3	0.4	6,865	3,075	3,790	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	15	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,265	585	685	0.3	0.3	0.4	6,790	3,065	3,730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	60	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	690	325	370	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,765	815	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	165	60	105	0.0	0.0	0.1	3,295	1,335	1,965	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	100	70	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	360	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	65	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	220	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	280	115	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	910	435	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,320	3,975	3,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,945	3,185	2,760	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,210	1,685	1,525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,555	1,400	1,150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,275	735	540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	360	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	320	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	200	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,600	910	690	0.4	0.4	0.4	19,460	11,125	8,335	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,550	880	670	0.4	0.4	0.3	15,015	8,755	6,260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	205	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	410	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	155	95	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,145	545	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	790	505	280	0.2	0.2	0.1	10,235	6,485	3,755	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	60	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	510	235	275	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,080	975	1,105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,435	2,360	2,075	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	100	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,210	2,200	2,005	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	220	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,415	1,735	1,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	250	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	890	440	450	0.2	0.2	0.2	15,735	8,955	6,780	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	420	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	335	200	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,645	3,510	2,140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	155	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	480	205	285	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,765	4,860	3,910	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	400	675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	280	135	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,460	2,620	2,835	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	320	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	300	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,810	1,390	1,420	0.7	0.7	0.7	61,525	30,930	30,595	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese languages	2,810	1,390	1,420	0.7	0.7	0.7	61,360	30,840	30,520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,085	990	1,090	0.5	0.5	0.6	37,260	18,740	18,525	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	60	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	705	380	320	0.2	0.2	0.2	23,610	11,880	11,730	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	115	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	150	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	970	480	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	455	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	165	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	130	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,635	2,785	2,850	1.4	1.3	1.5	101,955	48,010	53,945	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	1,205	410	800	0.3	0.2	0.4	46,525	19,475	27,055	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	4,275	2,310	1,965	1.0	1.1	1.0	53,330	27,575	25,755	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	395	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,060	490	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	407,720	213,305	194,410	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	382,635	201,070	181,565	93.8	94.3	93.4	7,400,850	3,844,820	3,556,035	93.9	94.4	93.3
English	4,345	1,905	2,440	1.1	0.9	1.3	89,345	39,850	49,495	1.1	1.0	1.3
French	4,090	1,510	2,575	1.0	0.7	1.3	199,430	87,785	111,645	2.5	2.2	2.9
Non-official language	13,100	6,985	6,110	3.2	3.3	3.1	154,150	79,615	74,535	2.0	2.0	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,895	1,115	1,785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	13,100	6,985	6,110	3.2	3.3	3.1	151,255	78,510	72,750	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	100	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	475	230	245	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,395	3,425	3,970	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	465	190	275	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,510	3,515	3,995	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	45	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	2,590	1,390	1,195	0.6	0.7	0.6	26,705	13,575	13,125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	331,995	178,160	153,845	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,492,895	3,416,955	3,075,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	111,685	54,295	57,390	33.6	30.5	37.3	1,929,760	904,345	1,025,415	29.7	26.5	33.3
Worked outside Canada	1,970	1,415	555	0.6	0.8	0.4	29,740	19,860	9,875	0.5	0.6	0.3
No fixed workplace address	37,480	27,985	9,490	11.3	15.7	6.2	765,180	576,300	188,880	11.8	16.9	6.1
Usual place of work	180,870	94,460	86,405	54.5	53.0	56.2	3,768,210	1,916,445	1,851,765	58.0	56.1	60.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	180,870	94,460	86,405	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,768,210	1,916,445	1,851,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	106,490	51,600	54,890	58.9	54.6	63.5	2,212,620	1,041,890	1,170,730	58.7	54.4	63.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,235	8,050	5,185	7.3	8.5	6.0	653,055	340,750	312,310	17.3	17.8	16.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	60,820	34,625	26,190	33.6	36.7	30.3	885,485	523,590	361,890	23.5	27.3	19.5
Commute to a different province or territory	325	185	135	0.2	0.2	0.2	17,050	10,215	6,835	0.5	0.5	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	218,345	122,445	95,900	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	180,545	106,435	74,110	82.7	86.9	77.3	3,790,545	2,161,945	1,628,600	83.6	86.7	79.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	162,185	100,155	62,030	74.3	81.8	64.7	3,451,650	2,022,010	1,429,635	76.1	81.1	70.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	18,365	6,280	12,085	8.4	5.1	12.6	338,895	139,935	198,960	7.5	5.6	9.7
Public transit	24,890	10,415	14,480	11.4	8.5	15.1	390,140	163,395	226,745	8.6	6.6	11.1
Walked	6,350	2,555	3,800	2.9	2.1	4.0	208,380	94,020	114,370	4.6	3.8	5.6
Bicycle	715	535	180	0.3	0.4	0.2	37,665	26,230	11,440	0.8	1.1	0.6
Other method	5,845	2,515	3,335	2.7	2.1	3.5	106,655	47,160	59,495	2.4	1.9	2.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	218,345	122,445	95,900	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	41,835	19,835	22,000	19.2	16.2	22.9	1,283,185	621,485	661,700	28.3	24.9	32.4
15 to 29 minutes	83,990	46,080	37,910	38.5	37.6	39.5	1,527,580	823,940	703,640	33.7	33.1	34.5
30 to 44 minutes	53,060	32,770	20,290	24.3	26.8	21.2	934,230	555,195	379,030	20.6	22.3	18.6
45 to 59 minutes	18,620	11,505	7,115	8.5	9.4	7.4	375,215	226,980	148,230	8.3	9.1	7.3
60 minutes and over	20,845	12,255	8,585	9.5	10.0	9.0	413,180	265,140	148,040	9.1	10.6	7.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	218,345	122,445	95,900	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,260	10,325	3,935	6.5	8.4	4.1	351,800	257,455	94,350	7.8	10.3	4.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	33,810	21,380	12,425	15.5	17.5	13.0	797,475	512,385	285,090	17.6	20.6	14.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	48,570	26,455	22,115	22.2	21.6	23.1	1,066,580	572,020	494,565	23.5	22.9	24.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	47,655	23,700	23,950	21.8	19.4	25.0	938,175	426,175	511,995	20.7	17.1	25.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	36,895	19,025	17,875	16.9	15.5	18.6	632,825	298,665	334,160	14.0	12.0	16.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	37,155	21,555	15,605	17.0	17.6	16.3	746,530	426,045	320,485	16.5	17.1	15.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	138,965	71,460	67,505	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,781,415	1,429,175	1,352,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,435	5,845	5,585	8.2	8.2	8.3	349,875	176,750	173,120	12.6	12.4	12.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	127,535	65,615	61,925	91.8	91.8	91.7	2,431,540	1,252,420	1,179,120	87.4	87.6	87.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	104,945	54,040	50,900	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,047,210	1,053,155	994,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,225	4,725	4,500	8.8	8.7	8.8	268,250	135,205	133,045	13.1	12.8	13.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5,965	3,005	2,955	5.7	5.6	5.8	179,995	88,815	91,175	8.8	8.4	9.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,260	1,720	1,540	3.1	3.2	3.0	88,260	46,390	41,870	4.3	4.4	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95,720	49,315	46,400	91.2	91.3	91.2	1,778,960	917,950	861,010	86.9	87.2	86.6

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 17, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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