Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Feedback   Note: Gender   Download
Add a geography

Add a geography

You can add up to five (5) geographies to the table. For comparison of more than five geographies, please refer to the comprehensive download files.

#txt.addgeo.submit# Help

Search results

Add or remove data

Add or remove data

Topic:
Select all topics
Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
Select all: Commuting
Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
Select all: Education
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
Select all: Ethnocultural and religious diversity
Ethnic or cultural origin
Religion
Visible minority
Families, households, and marital status
Select all: Families, households, and marital status
Family characteristics
Household type
Marital status
Housing
Household characteristics
Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
Select all: Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
Admission category and applicant type
Age at immigration
Citizenship
Generation status
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
Select all: Income
Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
Select all: Indigenous peoples
Indigenous ancestry
Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
Select all: Labour
Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
Language
Select all: Language
All languages spoken at home
First official language spoken
Knowledge of languages
Knowledge of official languages
Language spoken most often at home
Mother tongue
Other language spoken regularly at home
Language of work
Select all: Language of work
All languages used at work
Language used most often at work
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Mobility and migration
Select all: Mobility and migration
Mobility status 1 year ago
Mobility status 5 years ago
Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Mississauga, City (CY)More information:
Ontario
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 CanadaMore information:

[Country]
 Remove
Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 717,961 ... ... ... ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 721,599 ... ... ... ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 - 0.5 ... ... - 0.5 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 254,089 ... ... ... ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 244,575 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 2,452.5 ... ... 2,452.5 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 292.74 ... ... ... ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 717,960 351,545 366,415 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 109,320 55,990 53,325 15.2 15.9 14.6 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 16.3 16.9 15.6
0 to 4 years 31,595 16,160 15,435 4.4 4.6 4.2 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 5.0 5.2 4.8
5 to 9 years 36,740 18,705 18,040 5.1 5.3 4.9 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 5.6 5.8 5.3
10 to 14 years 40,980 21,125 19,855 5.7 6.0 5.4 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 5.7 6.0 5.5
15 to 64 years 489,245 241,065 248,185 68.1 68.6 67.7 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 64.8 65.4 64.2
15 to 19 years 44,665 23,245 21,425 6.2 6.6 5.8 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 5.4 5.7 5.2
20 to 24 years 51,660 27,075 24,585 7.2 7.7 6.7 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 6.0 6.2 5.7
25 to 29 years 51,740 26,945 24,795 7.2 7.7 6.8 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 6.5 6.7 6.4
30 to 34 years 48,420 24,160 24,265 6.7 6.9 6.6 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 6.8 6.9 6.7
35 to 39 years 46,900 22,775 24,130 6.5 6.5 6.6 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 6.8 6.8 6.8
40 to 44 years 44,290 20,520 23,770 6.2 5.8 6.5 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 6.5 6.5 6.5
45 to 49 years 46,350 21,480 24,865 6.5 6.1 6.8 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 6.2 6.2 6.3
50 to 54 years 51,670 24,380 27,295 7.2 6.9 7.4 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 6.4 6.4 6.4
55 to 59 years 55,175 26,900 28,280 7.7 7.7 7.7 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 7.2 7.1 7.2
60 to 64 years 48,360 23,595 24,770 6.7 6.7 6.8 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 7.0 6.9 7.0
65 years and over 119,400 54,490 64,910 16.6 15.5 17.7 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 19.0 17.7 20.2
65 to 69 years 37,880 18,130 19,755 5.3 5.2 5.4 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 6.0 5.8 6.1
70 to 74 years 30,975 14,455 16,520 4.3 4.1 4.5 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 5.0 4.8 5.2
75 to 79 years 21,165 9,710 11,455 2.9 2.8 3.1 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 3.4 3.2 3.6
80 to 84 years 14,710 6,675 8,030 2.0 1.9 2.2 840,545 370,905 469,645 2.3 2.0 2.5
85 years and over 14,670 5,520 9,150 2.0 1.6 2.5 861,395 319,540 541,860 2.3 1.8 2.9
85 to 89 years 9,115 3,680 5,440 1.3 1.0 1.5 525,445 212,735 312,705 1.4 1.2 1.7
90 to 94 years 4,285 1,535 2,750 0.6 0.4 0.8 258,035 87,300 170,735 0.7 0.5 0.9
95 to 99 years 1,125 275 845 0.2 0.1 0.2 68,380 17,670 50,715 0.2 0.1 0.3
100 years and over 155 35 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,535 1,830 7,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 15.2 15.9 14.6 15.2 15.9 14.6 16.3 16.9 15.6 16.3 16.9 15.6
15 to 64 years 68.1 68.6 67.7 68.1 68.6 67.7 64.8 65.4 64.2 64.8 65.4 64.2
65 years and over 16.6 15.5 17.7 16.6 15.5 17.7 19.0 17.7 20.2 19.0 17.7 20.2
85 years and over 2.0 1.6 2.5 2.0 1.6 2.5 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.3 1.8 2.9
Average age of the population 41.1 40.1 42.1 41.1 40.1 42.1 41.9 41.0 42.8 41.9 41.0 42.8
Median age of the population 40.8 39.2 42.4 40.8 39.2 42.4 41.6 40.4 42.8 41.6 40.4 42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 90,660 ... ... 37.1 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 52.6 ... ...
Semi-detached house 26,855 ... ... 11.0 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 5.0 ... ...
Row house 34,455 ... ... 14.1 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 7,895 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 17,545 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 18.3 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 66,830 ... ... 27.3 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 10.7 ... ...
Other single-attached house 80 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 255 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 47,335 ... ... 19.4 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ...
2 persons 67,705 ... ... 27.7 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 34.2 ... ...
3 persons 47,360 ... ... 19.4 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 14.7 ... ...
4 persons 47,210 ... ... 19.3 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 13.4 ... ...
5 or more persons 34,965 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 712,825 349,900 362,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 608,645 295,555 313,090 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 342,985 171,345 171,645 56.4 58.0 54.8 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 56.9 58.2 55.6
Married 316,235 157,940 158,295 52.0 53.4 50.6 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 44.3 45.3 43.3
Living common-law 26,750 13,405 13,345 4.4 4.5 4.3 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 12.6 12.9 12.3
Living common law - Never married 18,380 9,205 9,180 3.0 3.1 2.9 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 9.6 9.8 9.4
Living common law - Separated 1,320 750 570 0.2 0.3 0.2 123,830 65,045 58,785 0.4 0.4 0.4
Living common law - Divorced 6,410 3,165 3,245 1.1 1.1 1.0 721,715 365,760 355,950 2.3 2.4 2.2
Living common law - Widowed 645 285 360 0.1 0.1 0.1 87,165 36,860 50,300 0.3 0.2 0.3
Not married and not living common-law 265,660 124,210 141,445 43.6 42.0 45.2 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 43.1 41.8 44.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married 190,760 102,375 88,390 31.3 34.6 28.2 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 29.1 32.2 26.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated 14,180 5,415 8,760 2.3 1.8 2.8 741,135 319,045 422,090 2.4 2.1 2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 30,475 10,680 19,800 5.0 3.6 6.3 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 6.2 5.0 7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 30,240 5,740 24,500 5.0 1.9 7.8 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 5.4 2.4 8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 200,800 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 81,180 ... ... 40.4 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 51.7 ... ...
3 persons 50,845 ... ... 25.3 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 20.9 ... ...
4 persons 48,155 ... ... 24.0 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 19.0 ... ...
5 or more persons 20,620 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
Average size of census families 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 200,800 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 165,710 ... ... 82.5 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 83.6 ... ...
Married couples 152,350 ... ... 75.9 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 64.6 ... ...
With children6 100,340 ... ... 50.0 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 33.9 ... ...
Without children 52,010 ... ... 25.9 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 30.6 ... ...
Common-law couples 13,355 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 19.0 ... ...
With children6 5,330 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 7.9 ... ...
Without children 8,025 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 11.1 ... ...
Total one-parent families 35,090 ... ... 17.5 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 16.4 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 28,715 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 12.7 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 6,380 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 712,825 349,895 362,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 617,560 306,115 311,450 86.6 87.5 85.8 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 81.1 81.5 80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners 331,415 165,705 165,710 46.5 47.4 45.7 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 47.2 47.8 46.6
Parents in one-parent families 35,095 6,380 28,715 4.9 1.8 7.9 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 4.6 2.1 7.1
Children6 251,055 134,030 117,025 35.2 38.3 32.2 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 29.3 31.5 27.1
In a two-parent family 196,690 104,545 92,145 27.6 29.9 25.4 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 22.1 23.6 20.6
In a one-parent family 54,365 29,485 24,875 7.6 8.4 6.9 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 7.2 7.9 6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 95,265 43,785 51,480 13.4 12.5 14.2 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 18.9 18.5 19.2
Living alone 47,335 20,450 26,890 6.6 5.8 7.4 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 12.1 11.4 12.8
Living with other relatives7 23,355 8,670 14,680 3.3 2.5 4.0 927,345 393,085 534,260 2.6 2.2 2.9
Living with non-relatives only 24,575 14,665 9,910 3.4 4.2 2.7 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 4.2 4.9 3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 158,795 ... ... 64.9 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 59.6 ... ...
Couple-family households 133,805 ... ... 54.7 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 50.9 ... ...
With children6 87,100 ... ... 35.6 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 25.3 ... ...
Without children 46,705 ... ... 19.1 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 25.6 ... ...
One-parent-family households 24,990 ... ... 10.2 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 8.7 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 15,945 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 3,305 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 9,850 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 9,350 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
One-person households 47,335 ... ... 19.4 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 603,590 293,945 309,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 571,335 278,075 293,260 94.7 94.6 94.7 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 39,200 43,200 35,600 39,200 43,200 35,600 41,200 46,400 36,800 41,200 46,400 36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 571,620 278,205 293,415 94.7 94.6 94.8 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 96.4 96.4 96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 35,600 39,200 33,200 35,600 39,200 33,200 36,800 40,800 33,600 36,800 40,800 33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 502,730 251,855 250,870 83.3 85.7 81.0 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 85.9 87.5 84.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 34,800 40,800 29,000 34,800 40,800 29,000 35,200 42,400 29,200 35,200 42,400 29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 416,025 214,690 201,345 68.9 73.0 65.0 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 69.6 73.4 66.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 38,800 43,600 33,600 38,800 43,600 33,600 37,200 43,200 32,000 37,200 43,200 32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 518,755 250,215 268,540 85.9 85.1 86.7 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 83.7 81.2 86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,800 6,000 9,500 7,800 6,000 9,500 9,800 8,500 11,000 9,800 8,500 11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 53,615 22,615 30,995 8.9 7.7 10.0 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 10.5 10.4 10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,480 5,480 5,480 5,480 5,480 5,480 5,720 5,760 5,720 5,720 5,760 5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 188,245 93,920 94,330 31.2 32.0 30.5 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 27.6 27.9 27.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,000 8,000 9,700 9,000 8,000 9,700 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 603,595 293,930 309,665 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 571,305 278,290 293,015 94.7 94.7 94.6 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 96.4 96.3 96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 54,150 61,900 46,840 54,150 61,900 46,840 54,450 62,650 46,560 54,450 62,650 46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 571,595 278,435 293,165 94.7 94.7 94.7 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 96.4 96.4 96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 44,640 49,760 39,800 44,640 49,760 39,800 44,920 50,320 39,680 44,920 50,320 39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 502,720 252,405 250,315 83.3 85.9 80.8 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 85.9 87.6 84.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 51,120 59,450 42,720 51,120 59,450 42,720 50,240 59,500 41,000 50,240 59,500 41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 416,030 215,060 200,970 68.9 73.2 64.9 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 69.6 73.4 66.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 52,450 59,600 44,800 52,450 59,600 44,800 50,280 58,050 42,000 50,280 58,050 42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 519,055 250,380 268,675 86.0 85.2 86.8 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 83.7 81.2 86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,110 8,880 11,260 10,110 8,880 11,260 11,170 10,180 12,060 11,170 10,180 12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 53,365 22,595 30,765 8.8 7.7 9.9 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 10.5 10.4 10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,300 5,845 6,630 6,300 5,845 6,630 7,050 6,710 7,370 7,050 6,710 7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 187,375 93,085 94,290 31.0 31.7 30.4 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 27.5 27.8 27.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,660 9,550 9,770 9,660 9,550 9,770 8,920 8,740 9,100 8,920 8,740 9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 603,590 293,930 309,665 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 200,090 111,360 88,735 33.1 37.9 28.7 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 32.7 37.0 28.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 66,500 72,000 61,600 66,500 72,000 61,600 63,600 69,000 58,000 63,600 69,000 58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 82,300 89,800 72,700 82,300 89,800 72,700 77,200 85,400 67,000 77,200 85,400 67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 156,125 74,510 81,615 25.9 25.3 26.4 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 27.8 26.8 28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 16,600 18,200 15,300 16,600 18,200 15,300 18,400 21,000 16,600 18,400 21,000 16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 27,320 30,120 24,740 27,320 30,120 24,740 29,160 33,960 24,860 29,160 33,960 24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 83.0 87.0 78.0 83.0 87.0 78.0 82.2 86.4 76.8 82.2 86.4 76.8
Employment income (%)19 70.6 74.4 65.6 70.6 74.4 65.6 66.8 70.6 61.7 66.8 70.6 61.7
Government transfers (%)20 17.0 12.9 22.0 17.0 12.9 22.0 17.8 13.7 23.1 17.8 13.7 23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 6.5 5.6 7.7 6.5 5.6 7.7 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.4 4.5 6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 5.9 5.2 6.7 5.9 5.2 6.7 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.7 4.0 5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 603,590 293,950 309,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 32,255 15,870 16,385 5.3 5.4 5.3 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 3.6 3.7 3.5
With total income 571,340 278,080 293,260 94.7 94.6 94.7 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss) 59,240 25,220 34,025 10.4 9.1 11.6 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 8.3 7.4 9.2
$10,000 to $19,999 72,465 32,655 39,815 12.7 11.7 13.6 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 11.8 10.1 13.4
$20,000 to $29,999 91,495 41,225 50,275 16.0 14.8 17.1 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 15.9 14.1 17.5
$30,000 to $39,999 68,405 30,690 37,715 12.0 11.0 12.9 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 12.7 11.5 13.9
$40,000 to $49,999 56,785 25,965 30,820 9.9 9.3 10.5 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 11.3 10.7 11.8
$50,000 to $59,999 47,345 22,500 24,850 8.3 8.1 8.5 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 9.2 9.1 9.2
$60,000 to $69,999 37,410 18,550 18,860 6.5 6.7 6.4 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 7.1 7.6 6.6
$70,000 to $79,999 29,075 15,260 13,820 5.1 5.5 4.7 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 5.4 6.2 4.7
$80,000 to $89,999 23,260 13,145 10,110 4.1 4.7 3.4 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 4.2 4.9 3.6
$90,000 to $99,999 18,555 10,620 7,940 3.2 3.8 2.7 965,950 553,435 412,510 3.3 3.9 2.8
$100,000 and over 67,295 42,255 25,040 11.8 15.2 8.5 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 10.8 14.5 7.3
$100,000 to $149,999 45,390 27,065 18,320 7.9 9.7 6.2 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 7.2 9.2 5.2
$150,000 and over 21,910 15,190 6,720 3.8 5.5 2.3 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 3.6 5.3 2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 603,590 293,950 309,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 31,970 15,740 16,230 5.3 5.4 5.2 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 3.6 3.6 3.5
With after-tax income 571,625 278,205 293,415 94.7 94.6 94.8 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 96.4 96.4 96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss) 61,165 25,970 35,200 10.7 9.3 12.0 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 8.8 7.7 9.8
$10,000 to $19,999 75,560 34,230 41,330 13.2 12.3 14.1 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 12.3 10.6 14.0
$20,000 to $29,999 101,790 45,725 56,070 17.8 16.4 19.1 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 18.1 16.2 19.9
$30,000 to $39,999 79,410 36,350 43,055 13.9 13.1 14.7 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 15.2 14.2 16.1
$40,000 to $49,999 66,680 31,555 35,125 11.7 11.3 12.0 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 13.0 12.8 13.1
$50,000 to $59,999 51,360 25,250 26,110 9.0 9.1 8.9 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 9.7 10.3 9.1
$60,000 to $69,999 37,625 19,915 17,710 6.6 7.2 6.0 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 6.9 7.8 6.1
$70,000 to $79,999 27,845 15,825 12,020 4.9 5.7 4.1 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 4.9 5.7 4.1
$80,000 to $89,999 22,560 12,335 10,225 3.9 4.4 3.5 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 3.5 4.1 2.9
$90,000 to $99,999 13,935 8,305 5,630 2.4 3.0 1.9 643,700 402,325 241,380 2.2 2.8 1.6
$100,000 and over 33,685 22,750 10,935 5.9 8.2 3.7 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 5.5 7.7 3.3
$100,000 to $124,999 17,235 11,235 6,000 3.0 4.0 2.0 792,455 530,970 261,490 2.7 3.7 1.8
$125,000 and over 16,455 11,515 4,940 2.9 4.1 1.7 804,335 578,645 225,695 2.7 4.0 1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 603,590 293,950 309,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 187,565 79,260 108,305 31.1 27.0 35.0 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 30.4 26.6 33.9
With employment income 416,030 214,685 201,340 68.9 73.0 65.0 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 69.6 73.4 66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss) 59,875 28,915 30,965 14.4 13.5 15.4 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 14.0 13.3 14.7
$5,000 to $9,999 37,860 17,075 20,785 9.1 8.0 10.3 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 8.2 7.0 9.5
$10,000 to $19,999 47,080 22,425 24,650 11.3 10.4 12.2 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 11.8 10.3 13.4
$20,000 to $29,999 34,425 16,740 17,685 8.3 7.8 8.8 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 9.3 8.3 10.4
$30,000 to $39,999 33,370 16,010 17,360 8.0 7.5 8.6 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 9.0 8.3 9.8
$40,000 to $49,999 34,265 16,470 17,795 8.2 7.7 8.8 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 8.8 8.3 9.4
$50,000 to $59,999 32,040 15,975 16,060 7.7 7.4 8.0 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 7.8 7.7 7.8
$60,000 to $69,999 27,140 14,165 12,975 6.5 6.6 6.4 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 6.5 6.9 6.0
$70,000 to $79,999 21,620 11,860 9,755 5.2 5.5 4.8 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 5.2 5.8 4.5
$80,000 to $89,999 18,350 10,780 7,570 4.4 5.0 3.8 929,490 539,395 390,095 4.4 4.9 3.8
$90,000 to $99,999 15,430 8,980 6,455 3.7 4.2 3.2 760,035 439,505 320,530 3.6 4.0 3.1
$100,000 and over 54,580 35,290 19,295 13.1 16.4 9.6 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 11.4 15.1 7.5
$100,000 to $124,999 26,110 15,370 10,740 6.3 7.2 5.3 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 5.3 6.5 4.1
$125,000 and over 28,470 19,920 8,555 6.8 9.3 4.2 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 6.1 8.6 3.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 603,590 293,945 309,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 555,325 269,545 285,775 92.0 91.7 92.3 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 94.3 94.0 94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 36,800 42,000 32,400 36,800 42,000 32,400 39,200 45,200 34,000 39,200 45,200 34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 555,470 269,570 285,905 92.0 91.7 92.3 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 94.3 94.1 94.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,600 37,600 30,400 33,600 37,600 30,400 35,200 40,000 31,200 35,200 40,000 31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 493,325 246,865 246,465 81.7 84.0 79.6 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 84.7 86.3 83.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 36,400 42,400 31,800 36,400 42,400 31,800 36,800 44,000 30,800 36,800 44,000 30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 414,210 213,365 200,845 68.6 72.6 64.9 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 70.0 73.6 66.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,600 44,400 35,200 39,600 44,400 35,200 38,000 44,400 32,800 38,000 44,400 32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 485,020 233,245 251,770 80.4 79.3 81.3 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 76.5 73.2 79.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 1,360 830 3,080 1,360 830 3,080 4,240 1,960 6,450 4,240 1,960 6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 29,645 11,520 18,120 4.9 3.9 5.9 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 8.0 8.0 8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,800 5,480 6,040 5,800 5,480 6,040 5,720 5,560 5,960 5,720 5,560 5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 603,595 293,930 309,665 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 555,320 269,620 285,705 92.0 91.7 92.3 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 94.3 94.0 94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 51,200 58,950 43,920 51,200 58,950 43,920 52,350 61,250 43,800 52,350 61,250 43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 555,460 269,645 285,815 92.0 91.7 92.3 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 94.3 94.1 94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 42,000 47,280 37,080 42,000 47,280 37,080 42,920 49,000 37,160 42,920 49,000 37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 493,010 246,895 246,115 81.7 84.0 79.5 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 84.7 86.3 83.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 51,650 59,750 43,520 51,650 59,750 43,520 51,040 60,800 41,320 51,040 60,800 41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 414,475 213,590 200,885 68.7 72.7 64.9 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 70.0 73.6 66.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 52,550 59,650 45,000 52,550 59,650 45,000 50,560 58,800 41,800 50,560 58,800 41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 485,385 233,615 251,770 80.4 79.5 81.3 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 76.5 73.1 79.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,125 4,864 7,300 6,125 4,864 7,300 7,950 6,990 8,800 7,950 6,990 8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 29,625 11,445 18,180 4.9 3.9 5.9 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 8.0 7.9 8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,500 6,640 8,040 7,500 6,640 8,040 7,560 6,880 8,210 7,560 6,880 8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 603,590 293,930 309,665 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 197,530 109,850 87,675 32.7 37.4 28.3 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 32.4 36.6 28.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 62,000 67,000 56,800 62,000 67,000 56,800 60,000 66,000 53,600 60,000 66,000 53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 77,000 84,500 67,700 77,000 84,500 67,700 73,200 81,900 62,250 73,200 81,900 62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 145,220 69,305 75,915 24.1 23.6 24.5 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 26.2 25.3 27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 23,600 25,200 21,800 23,600 25,200 21,800 24,200 28,000 21,800 24,200 28,000 21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 33,920 37,680 30,440 33,920 37,680 30,440 35,200 41,280 29,720 35,200 41,280 29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 89.6 92.8 85.4 89.6 92.8 85.4 87.6 91.2 83.0 87.6 91.2 83.0
Employment income (%) 76.6 80.2 72.0 76.6 80.2 72.0 71.8 75.0 67.2 71.8 75.0 67.2
Government transfers (%) 10.5 7.1 14.6 10.5 7.1 14.6 12.3 8.9 16.9 12.3 8.9 16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.8 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.5 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 244,575 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 102,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 47,335 ... ... ... ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 46,800 ... ... 46,800 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 41,600 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 41,200 ... ... 41,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 197,235 ... ... ... ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 118,000 ... ... 118,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 103,000 ... ... 103,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 244,575 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 126,500 ... ... 126,500 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 106,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 104,300 ... ... 104,300 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 87,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 47,355 ... ... ... ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 58,650 ... ... 58,650 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 53,350 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 48,200 ... ... 48,200 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 44,360 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 197,220 ... ... ... ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 142,800 ... ... 142,800 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 128,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 117,800 ... ... 117,800 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 105,700 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 3,095 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 1,215 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 2,050 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 2,945 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 6,680 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 5,605 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 5,840 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 6,465 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 6,580 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 6,690 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 14,570 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 7.3 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 14,810 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 14,860 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 14,345 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 13,790 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
$100,000 and over 125,035 ... ... 51.1 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 40.4 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 31,045 ... ... 12.7 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 24,255 ... ... 9.9 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 33,085 ... ... 13.5 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 10.3 ... ...
$200,000 and over 36,655 ... ... 15.0 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 9.8 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 3,450 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 1,275 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 2,090 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 3,165 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 7,100 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 6,270 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 6,615 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 7,375 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 7,860 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 8,230 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 17,505 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 17,755 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 17,855 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 7.6 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 17,180 ... ... 7.0 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 15,815 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
$100,000 and over 105,040 ... ... 42.9 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 31.9 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 32,890 ... ... 13.4 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 24,375 ... ... 10.0 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 7.7 ... ...
$150,000 and over 47,775 ... ... 19.5 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 12.4 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 192,130 ... ... ... ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 102,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 3.3 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 48,770 ... ... ... ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 94,000 ... ... 94,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 81,000 ... ... 81,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 105,670 ... ... ... ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 141,000 ... ... 141,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 122,000 ... ... 122,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 30,410 ... ... ... ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 81,000 ... ... 81,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 73,500 ... ... 73,500 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 71,910 35,115 36,800 ... ... ... 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 39,600 40,400 38,800 39,600 40,400 38,800 38,400 40,000 36,800 38,400 40,000 36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 36,000 36,400 35,600 36,000 36,400 35,600 34,800 36,000 33,600 34,800 36,000 33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 191,900 ... ... ... ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 142,200 ... ... 142,200 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 128,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 117,000 ... ... 117,000 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 105,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 48,565 ... ... ... ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 117,700 ... ... 117,700 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 112,500 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 95,600 ... ... 95,600 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 105,835 ... ... ... ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 166,400 ... ... 166,400 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 160,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 136,200 ... ... 136,200 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 130,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 30,225 ... ... ... ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 94,000 ... ... 94,000 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 82,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 81,800 ... ... 81,800 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 71,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 71,855 35,350 36,500 ... ... ... 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 51,120 52,350 49,960 51,120 52,350 49,960 49,440 52,050 46,880 49,440 52,050 46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 42,680 42,920 42,440 42,680 42,920 42,440 41,560 43,080 40,120 41,560 43,080 40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 712,825 349,900 362,930 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 135,865 69,835 66,030 19.1 20.0 18.2 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 19.8 20.6 19.0
0 to 5 years 38,655 19,720 18,935 5.4 5.6 5.2 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 6.1 6.4 5.9
18 to 64 years 461,865 226,785 235,080 64.8 64.8 64.8 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 62.1 62.2 61.9
65 years and over 115,095 53,280 61,820 16.1 15.2 17.0 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 18.1 17.2 19.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 66,740 31,335 35,405 ... ... ... 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 16,105 8,330 7,770 ... ... ... 854,565 439,490 415,075 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 4,885 2,495 2,390 ... ... ... 282,315 144,250 138,065 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 37,080 17,675 19,400 ... ... ... 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 ... ... ...
65 years and over 13,560 5,330 8,230 ... ... ... 985,745 391,695 594,050 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 9.4 9.0 9.8 9.4 9.0 9.8 11.1 10.5 11.6 11.1 10.5 11.6
0 to 17 years (%) 11.9 11.9 11.8 11.9 11.9 11.8 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9
0 to 5 years (%) 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7
18 to 64 years (%) 8.0 7.8 8.3 8.0 7.8 8.3 9.7 9.4 9.9 9.7 9.4 9.9
65 years and over (%) 11.8 10.0 13.3 11.8 10.0 13.3 15.0 12.7 16.9 15.0 12.7 16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 712,825 349,895 362,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 135,865 69,840 66,025 19.1 20.0 18.2 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 19.7 20.5 18.9
0 to 5 years 38,655 19,720 18,935 5.4 5.6 5.2 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 6.1 6.3 5.8
18 to 64 years 461,865 226,780 235,085 64.8 64.8 64.8 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 62.1 62.3 62.0
65 years and over 115,100 53,275 61,820 16.1 15.2 17.0 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 18.2 17.3 19.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 41,965 21,280 20,685 ... ... ... 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 8,615 4,465 4,155 ... ... ... 319,545 164,490 155,060 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 2,640 1,355 1,290 ... ... ... 99,435 50,875 48,560 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 28,650 14,830 13,820 ... ... ... 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 ... ... ...
65 years and over 4,700 1,985 2,715 ... ... ... 199,155 83,010 116,145 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 5.9 6.1 5.7 5.9 6.1 5.7 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.0
0 to 17 years (%) 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.3 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5
0 to 5 years (%) 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6
18 to 64 years (%) 6.2 6.5 5.9 6.2 6.5 5.9 6.0 6.4 5.7 6.0 6.4 5.7
65 years and over (%) 4.1 3.7 4.4 4.1 3.7 4.4 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 712,825 349,900 362,930 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 313,175 151,265 161,910 43.9 43.2 44.6 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 50.0 48.9 51.1
In bottom decile 61,650 30,120 31,530 8.6 8.6 8.7 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 10.0 9.8 10.2
In second decile 59,710 28,095 31,610 8.4 8.0 8.7 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 10.0 9.5 10.5
In third decile 61,960 29,800 32,160 8.7 8.5 8.9 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 10.0 9.8 10.2
In fourth decile 63,455 30,765 32,690 8.9 8.8 9.0 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 10.0 9.9 10.1
In fifth decile 66,405 32,480 33,915 9.3 9.3 9.3 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 10.0 10.0 10.0
In top half of the distribution 399,650 198,630 201,020 56.1 56.8 55.4 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 50.0 51.1 48.9
In sixth decile 70,015 34,345 35,670 9.8 9.8 9.8 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 10.0 10.1 9.9
In seventh decile 73,495 36,290 37,205 10.3 10.4 10.3 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 10.0 10.1 9.9
In eighth decile 78,265 38,865 39,395 11.0 11.1 10.9 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 10.0 10.2 9.8
In ninth decile 86,475 42,975 43,500 12.1 12.3 12.0 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 10.0 10.3 9.7
In top decile 91,405 46,155 45,250 12.8 13.2 12.5 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 10.0 10.4 9.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 712,825 ... ... 712,825 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.343 ... ... 0.343 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.347 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.450 ... ... 0.450 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.462 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.297 ... ... 0.297 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.302 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 714,840 350,580 364,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 641,785 320,635 321,140 89.8 91.5 88.2 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 69.0 69.9 68.1
French only 535 210 330 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 11.2 10.6 11.7
English and French 47,965 20,490 27,475 6.7 5.8 7.5 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 18.0 18.0 18.0
Neither English nor French 24,550 9,245 15,300 3.4 2.6 4.2 689,725 284,170 405,555 1.9 1.6 2.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 714,840 350,580 364,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 676,630 335,215 341,410 94.7 95.6 93.7 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 75.5 75.8 75.2
French 7,395 3,300 4,090 1.0 0.9 1.1 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 21.4 21.3 21.4
English and French 6,705 3,035 3,665 0.9 0.9 1.0 476,175 237,635 238,535 1.3 1.3 1.3
Neither English nor French 24,110 9,025 15,080 3.4 2.6 4.1 673,100 275,685 397,420 1.8 1.5 2.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 714,840 350,580 364,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 654,950 321,420 333,530 91.6 91.7 91.6 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 96.0 96.0 95.9
Official languages 326,820 163,730 163,090 45.7 46.7 44.8 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 74.5 75.2 73.9
English 320,640 160,955 159,690 44.9 45.9 43.8 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 54.9 55.6 54.3
French 6,180 2,775 3,405 0.9 0.8 0.9 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 19.6 19.6 19.6
Non-official languages 328,130 157,695 170,435 45.9 45.0 46.8 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 21.4 20.8 22.0
Indigenous languages39 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 148,895 71,630 77,265 0.4 0.4 0.4
Algonquian languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,125 46,545 50,580 0.3 0.3 0.3
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,180 1,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67,665 32,715 34,950 0.2 0.2 0.2
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,500 2,825 2,670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,070 25,645 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 300 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,460 1,675 1,785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,475 1,075 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,025 2,345 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,850 1,370 1,480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,535 18,810 19,725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,465 3,930 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 310 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,155 2,415 2,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,910 2,290 2,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 125 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,775 10,230 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 865 400 460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,310 4,525 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,605 5,300 6,300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 235 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 850 1,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,185 4,190 4,995 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,885 6,200 6,680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,785 6,155 6,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,060 3,865 4,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 70 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,505 755 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 120 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 440 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,390 725 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 5 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 40 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,790 16,480 17,315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 220 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 140 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 85 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,240 16,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 150 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 220 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,095 520 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 125 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 80 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,040 485 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 245 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 180 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 300 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 155 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 180 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 95 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 328,120 157,690 170,430 45.9 45.0 46.8 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 21.0 20.4 21.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 37,470 18,825 18,640 5.2 5.4 5.1 698,355 359,625 338,730 1.9 2.0 1.8
Berber languages 50 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,490 14,715 12,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,760 13,130 11,625 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamazight 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,340 1,365 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 225 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,985 1,085 905 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 740 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 675 340 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 155 75 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 510 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 1,070 445 620 0.1 0.1 0.2 49,410 23,275 26,135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,020 1,085 935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,905 3,015 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 1,025 425 605 0.1 0.1 0.2 40,730 18,775 21,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 400 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 36,160 18,255 17,900 5.1 5.2 4.9 618,450 320,045 298,405 1.7 1.8 1.6
Amharic 360 165 190 0.1 0.0 0.1 25,685 12,090 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 33,265 16,865 16,405 4.7 4.8 4.5 508,410 265,350 243,060 1.4 1.5 1.3
Aramaic languages 1,505 740 765 0.2 0.2 0.2 27,690 13,465 14,220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 1,030 505 525 0.1 0.1 0.1 17,220 8,320 8,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 375 180 190 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,860 4,335 4,525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,600 805 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 550 675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,495 10,505 8,995 0.1 0.1 0.0
Maltese 685 320 370 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,425 2,080 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 235 125 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,075 15,775 15,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 235 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 10,440 4,730 5,715 1.5 1.3 1.6 192,985 87,230 105,750 0.5 0.5 0.6
Khmer (Cambodian) 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,525 8,820 10,705 0.1 0.0 0.1
Vietnamese 10,355 4,685 5,670 1.4 1.3 1.6 173,000 78,180 94,820 0.5 0.4 0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 230 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 21,720 9,175 12,545 3.0 2.6 3.4 565,375 238,875 326,500 1.5 1.3 1.8
Bikol 95 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,115 940 1,180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 190 70 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,215 3,425 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 515 205 310 0.1 0.1 0.1 18,945 7,800 11,145 0.1 0.0 0.1
Fijian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 325 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 295 115 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,690 3,900 5,795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 755 330 430 0.1 0.1 0.1 33,520 14,140 19,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 920 425 490 0.1 0.1 0.1 11,910 4,990 6,920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100 465 640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 990 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,245 580 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 415 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 570 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 285 135 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,615 2,635 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,050 900 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 18,325 7,705 10,620 2.6 2.2 2.9 461,150 194,805 266,345 1.3 1.1 1.4
Waray-Waray 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 690 935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 145 60 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,740 2,035 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 695 320 375 0.1 0.1 0.1 78,235 35,650 42,580 0.2 0.2 0.2
Haitian Creole 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,435 23,355 29,085 0.1 0.1 0.2
Jamaican English Creole 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 315 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 370 175 190 0.1 0.0 0.1 6,125 3,015 3,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 280 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 125 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,550 7,325 8,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 125 50 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,000 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 17,630 8,905 8,730 2.5 2.5 2.4 244,165 125,180 118,990 0.7 0.7 0.6
Kannada 800 385 410 0.1 0.1 0.1 6,240 3,215 3,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 3,480 1,795 1,680 0.5 0.5 0.5 54,050 29,375 24,670 0.1 0.2 0.1
Tamil 10,275 5,070 5,205 1.4 1.4 1.4 152,850 75,010 77,845 0.4 0.4 0.4
Telugu 2,940 1,580 1,360 0.4 0.5 0.4 30,045 17,095 12,950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 95 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 310 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 170 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,180 1,175 1,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 265 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 189,030 92,165 96,860 26.4 26.3 26.6 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 11.3 11.2 11.4
Albanian 2,485 1,245 1,245 0.3 0.4 0.3 29,265 14,690 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 525 255 275 0.1 0.1 0.1 33,720 16,335 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 46,030 21,540 24,495 6.4 6.1 6.7 648,810 297,100 351,710 1.8 1.6 1.9
Baltic languages 540 230 320 0.1 0.1 0.1 10,560 4,425 6,135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 95 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 1,875 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 450 190 260 0.1 0.1 0.1 6,130 2,555 3,580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 45,490 21,310 24,180 6.4 6.1 6.6 638,250 292,670 345,580 1.7 1.6 1.9
Belarusian 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 325 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 990 485 505 0.1 0.1 0.1 19,035 9,090 9,950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 530 235 290 0.1 0.1 0.1 20,025 9,215 10,815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 1,060 510 550 0.1 0.1 0.2 14,795 7,075 7,720 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 22,070 10,175 11,895 3.1 2.9 3.3 160,170 72,120 88,050 0.4 0.4 0.5
Russian 4,615 2,035 2,575 0.6 0.6 0.7 197,905 89,100 108,800 0.5 0.5 0.6
Rusyn 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 240 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 8,955 4,420 4,540 1.3 1.3 1.2 116,735 56,900 59,835 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bosnian 1,125 555 565 0.2 0.2 0.2 13,820 6,785 7,040 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 4,075 1,960 2,110 0.6 0.6 0.6 43,500 20,755 22,740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 3,645 1,845 1,800 0.5 0.5 0.5 57,425 28,410 29,015 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,995 945 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 590 265 325 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,255 6,930 8,320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 670 290 375 0.1 0.1 0.1 7,965 3,425 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 5,960 2,865 3,095 0.8 0.8 0.8 84,705 38,005 46,695 0.2 0.2 0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 235 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 1,110 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 355 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 410 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 135 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 3,070 1,330 1,740 0.4 0.4 0.5 463,400 221,365 242,035 1.3 1.2 1.3
Frisian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,570 800 775 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 2,215 955 1,260 0.3 0.3 0.3 301,570 142,580 158,990 0.8 0.8 0.9
German 2,170 935 1,235 0.3 0.3 0.3 272,865 128,250 144,615 0.7 0.7 0.8
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,065 4,530 4,540 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,575 3,740 3,835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,060 6,060 6,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 610 285 325 0.1 0.1 0.1 138,655 67,815 70,840 0.4 0.4 0.4
Afrikaans 95 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,270 6,175 6,095 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 490 230 260 0.1 0.1 0.1 80,315 39,000 41,310 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,670 4,255 4,420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 650 625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,410 16,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vlaams (Flemish) 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,935 1,325 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 240 90 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,275 9,500 10,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 125 50 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,945 4,750 5,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 430 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,535 1,675 1,860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 95 30 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,890 2,645 3,245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 670 660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 2,065 1,010 1,055 0.3 0.3 0.3 93,335 45,860 47,470 0.3 0.3 0.3
Indo-Iranian languages 92,180 46,790 45,390 12.9 13.3 12.5 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 4.5 4.7 4.4
Indo-Aryan languages 85,835 43,600 42,235 12.0 12.4 11.6 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 3.7 3.9 3.6
Assamese 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 4,020 1,965 2,050 0.6 0.6 0.6 87,580 45,160 42,425 0.2 0.3 0.2
Gujarati 7,260 3,635 3,625 1.0 1.0 1.0 138,985 73,335 65,655 0.4 0.4 0.4
Hindi 11,685 5,970 5,710 1.6 1.7 1.6 152,825 79,585 73,240 0.4 0.4 0.4
Kacchi 280 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,930 3,100 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 75 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 745 395 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 715 350 360 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,425 1,675 1,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 1,990 1,010 985 0.3 0.3 0.3 14,145 7,330 6,810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 895 475 415 0.1 0.1 0.1 23,425 11,920 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 235 125 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,775 940 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 155 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,125 615 510 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 80 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 325 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 20,690 10,845 9,845 2.9 3.1 2.7 666,585 341,515 325,065 1.8 1.9 1.8
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 595 305 290 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,985 2,070 1,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 1,105 525 580 0.2 0.1 0.2 18,000 8,895 9,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 35,995 18,070 17,930 5.0 5.2 4.9 235,290 118,540 116,755 0.6 0.7 0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 245 125 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,865 2,085 1,780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 6,325 3,180 3,150 0.9 0.9 0.9 300,555 150,160 150,390 0.8 0.8 0.8
Baluchi 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 305 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 250 140 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,485 8,770 7,715 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 1,170 615 555 0.2 0.2 0.2 19,520 10,170 9,355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 4,875 2,410 2,465 0.7 0.7 0.7 262,625 130,180 132,440 0.7 0.7 0.7
Dari 2,220 1,080 1,140 0.3 0.3 0.3 57,220 28,070 29,155 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 2,230 1,120 1,110 0.3 0.3 0.3 179,425 89,070 90,360 0.5 0.5 0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 420 205 215 0.1 0.1 0.1 25,975 13,040 12,930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 425 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 165 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 42,635 19,990 22,645 6.0 5.7 6.2 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 3.3 3.2 3.3
Catalan 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 470 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 10,260 4,950 5,310 1.4 1.4 1.5 319,505 154,295 165,205 0.9 0.9 0.9
Portuguese 14,050 6,570 7,485 2.0 1.9 2.1 240,680 115,235 125,450 0.7 0.6 0.7
Romanian 2,530 1,200 1,330 0.4 0.3 0.4 93,160 44,185 48,975 0.3 0.2 0.3
Spanish 15,765 7,255 8,510 2.2 2.1 2.3 538,870 259,500 279,375 1.5 1.4 1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,165 610 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 195 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 750 265 485 0.1 0.1 0.1 43,850 14,205 29,650 0.1 0.1 0.2
Korean 4,370 2,000 2,370 0.6 0.6 0.7 170,400 77,075 93,325 0.5 0.4 0.5
Mongolian 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 800 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 2,090 940 1,155 0.3 0.3 0.3 108,295 52,850 55,440 0.3 0.3 0.3
Akan (Twi) 630 270 360 0.1 0.1 0.1 13,120 6,400 6,720 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,855 1,000 860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,685 745 940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 1,030 920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,520 1,825 1,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 400 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,890 885 1,010 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 320 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 190 100 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,175 2,720 2,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,380 3,365 4,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,925 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 245 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 260 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 365 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 920 420 500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,660 4,035 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 50 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,605 1,665 1,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 315 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 200 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 255 115 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,000 7,630 8,370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,030 495 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,605 2,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 385 185 195 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,015 7,605 7,410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 165 70 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,000 6,405 6,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 55 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,920 3,565 3,355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,865 1,000 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 515 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,395 1,745 1,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 305 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,955 3,710 3,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,635 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 990 520 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 555 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 40,325 18,620 21,705 5.6 5.3 6.0 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 3.6 3.3 3.8
Chinese languages 39,910 18,415 21,490 5.6 5.3 5.9 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 3.5 3.3 3.8
Hakka 250 115 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,765 4,420 5,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 23,180 10,740 12,440 3.2 3.1 3.4 679,255 310,750 368,510 1.9 1.7 2.0
Min Dong 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 665 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 885 395 490 0.1 0.1 0.1 27,805 12,415 15,390 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 280 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,880 3,995 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 14,830 6,810 8,020 2.1 1.9 2.2 553,380 255,540 297,835 1.5 1.4 1.6
Chinese, n.o.s. 410 190 220 0.1 0.1 0.1 11,610 5,500 6,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 630 295 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 400 190 205 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,600 8,160 8,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,305 1,590 1,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 2,240 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,900 1,940 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 305 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 265 125 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,025 3,475 3,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 445 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 285 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 305 115 190 0.0 0.0 0.1 22,350 8,605 13,745 0.1 0.0 0.1
Lao 145 70 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,485 5,475 6,010 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 155 45 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,455 2,960 7,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 165 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 1,435 765 665 0.2 0.2 0.2 53,520 28,385 25,135 0.1 0.2 0.1
Azerbaijani 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,490 2,460 2,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 540 230 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 1,235 665 565 0.2 0.2 0.2 44,190 23,615 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,355 660 690 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 45 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,805 890 920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,150 530 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 1,570 705 865 0.2 0.2 0.2 68,180 31,000 37,180 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 105 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,485 1,945 2,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 105 35 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,200 5,075 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 1,360 620 740 0.2 0.2 0.2 51,500 23,980 27,525 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,060 540 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 59,890 29,160 30,725 8.4 8.3 8.4 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 4.0 4.0 4.1
English and French 2,500 1,140 1,365 0.3 0.3 0.4 291,325 142,420 148,905 0.8 0.8 0.8
English and non-official language(s) 50,705 24,930 25,770 7.1 7.1 7.1 921,480 450,685 470,800 2.5 2.5 2.5
French and non-official language(s) 960 440 520 0.1 0.1 0.1 117,910 57,875 60,040 0.3 0.3 0.3
English, French and non-official language(s) 1,400 625 775 0.2 0.2 0.2 52,880 25,900 26,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 4,325 2,030 2,295 0.6 0.6 0.6 92,095 42,330 49,765 0.3 0.2 0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 714,840 350,580 364,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 339,600 169,550 170,055 47.5 48.4 46.7 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 57.1 57.7 56.6
French 1,660 785 875 0.2 0.2 0.2 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 17.6 17.7 17.6
Non-official language 92,650 43,395 49,250 13.0 12.4 13.5 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 6.6 6.3 6.8
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,460 25,385 25,080 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 92,645 43,395 49,250 13.0 12.4 13.5 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 6.4 6.2 6.7
English and French 6,065 2,620 3,450 0.8 0.7 0.9 953,760 465,560 488,205 2.6 2.6 2.6
English and non-official language(s) 257,535 126,595 130,945 36.0 36.1 35.9 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 13.2 13.0 13.4
French and non-official language(s) 500 215 280 0.1 0.1 0.1 395,320 188,195 207,125 1.1 1.0 1.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 8,490 3,615 4,870 1.2 1.0 1.3 455,760 217,995 237,770 1.2 1.2 1.3
Multiple non-official languages 8,335 3,805 4,530 1.2 1.1 1.2 200,320 93,165 107,155 0.5 0.5 0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 714,840 350,580 364,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 642,395 315,100 327,300 89.9 89.9 89.9 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 95.7 95.8 95.7
Official languages 445,105 220,205 224,900 62.3 62.8 61.7 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 83.1 83.4 82.7
English 442,265 218,885 223,385 61.9 62.4 61.3 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 63.8 64.2 63.5
French 2,840 1,325 1,515 0.4 0.4 0.4 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 19.2 19.3 19.2
Non-official languages 197,295 94,895 102,395 27.6 27.1 28.1 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 12.7 12.4 12.9
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,835 42,950 42,885 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,135 25,010 25,120 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 980 495 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,255 19,165 19,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,345 2,285 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,700 13,425 13,270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 300 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,225 1,315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 305 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,455 730 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 830 430 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,585 10,400 10,180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,710 3,190 3,520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 260 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,650 1,250 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,595 1,225 1,365 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,250 4,100 4,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,540 2,305 2,235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,480 1,685 1,800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,925 1,405 1,515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,260 3,675 3,585 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,230 3,655 3,575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 2,610 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 390 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 220 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 420 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,295 13,695 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,140 13,625 13,520 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 110 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 197,290 94,895 102,400 27.6 27.1 28.1 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 12.4 12.1 12.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 22,565 11,015 11,550 3.2 3.1 3.2 395,840 197,010 198,830 1.1 1.1 1.1
Berber languages 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,295 5,940 5,355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,180 5,325 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 455 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 155 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 425 410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 330 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 505 210 295 0.1 0.1 0.1 30,375 14,115 16,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,645 890 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,890 1,935 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 485 205 285 0.1 0.1 0.1 24,410 11,075 13,335 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 215 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 21,920 10,730 11,185 3.1 3.1 3.1 352,790 176,270 176,520 1.0 1.0 1.0
Amharic 135 60 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,030 6,470 7,565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 20,380 10,005 10,375 2.9 2.9 2.8 285,915 143,650 142,260 0.8 0.8 0.8
Aramaic languages 1,095 520 575 0.2 0.1 0.2 20,740 9,940 10,800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 730 345 380 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,935 6,150 6,785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,585 3,185 3,400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 605 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 305 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,515 4,355 4,160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 165 80 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 360 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,860 11,050 10,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 135 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 7,495 3,435 4,060 1.0 1.0 1.1 127,730 58,660 69,070 0.3 0.3 0.4
Khmer (Cambodian) 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,765 5,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 7,475 3,425 4,045 1.0 1.0 1.1 116,785 53,735 63,055 0.3 0.3 0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 160 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 11,880 5,400 6,485 1.7 1.5 1.8 326,245 149,550 176,700 0.9 0.8 1.0
Bikol 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 370 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 95 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,125 1,895 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 265 115 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,195 4,720 5,480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 160 70 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,265 2,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 350 160 190 0.0 0.0 0.1 18,350 8,350 10,000 0.1 0.0 0.1
Indonesian 385 175 215 0.1 0.0 0.1 4,150 1,985 2,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 265 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 150 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 370 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 165 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 205 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 145 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 155 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,030 1,435 1,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 310 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 10,335 4,710 5,630 1.4 1.3 1.5 275,045 125,870 149,170 0.8 0.7 0.8
Waray-Waray 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 325 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,100 1,000 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 430 205 230 0.1 0.1 0.1 35,195 15,455 19,740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,610 9,620 12,990 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jamaican English Creole 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 125 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 150 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 295 140 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,640 1,760 1,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 135 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,120 3,275 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 395 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 11,535 5,700 5,835 1.6 1.6 1.6 169,705 85,265 84,440 0.5 0.5 0.5
Kannada 440 230 215 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,060 1,575 1,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 2,075 1,055 1,025 0.3 0.3 0.3 35,390 19,010 16,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 7,195 3,460 3,730 1.0 1.0 1.0 112,335 54,240 58,095 0.3 0.3 0.3
Telugu 1,765 925 840 0.2 0.3 0.2 18,470 10,215 8,250 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tulu 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 120 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,335 730 610 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 107,145 52,170 54,970 15.0 14.9 15.1 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 6.2 6.2 6.2
Albanian 1,240 605 635 0.2 0.2 0.2 14,110 7,005 7,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 275 125 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,970 10,415 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 25,395 12,040 13,355 3.6 3.4 3.7 303,480 143,495 159,985 0.8 0.8 0.9
Baltic languages 190 80 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,495 1,120 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 395 485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,615 720 895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 25,205 11,960 13,245 3.5 3.4 3.6 300,985 142,375 158,610 0.8 0.8 0.9
Belarusian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 560 275 285 0.1 0.1 0.1 10,315 5,005 5,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 160 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,680 2,705 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 535 250 280 0.1 0.1 0.1 6,105 2,880 3,225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 12,460 5,830 6,625 1.7 1.7 1.8 65,140 30,225 34,915 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian 3,060 1,420 1,640 0.4 0.4 0.5 125,780 59,290 66,490 0.3 0.3 0.4
Rusyn 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 155 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 4,535 2,230 2,305 0.6 0.6 0.6 53,150 25,720 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 580 280 300 0.1 0.1 0.1 6,480 3,135 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 1,765 845 920 0.2 0.2 0.3 14,925 6,965 7,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 2,150 1,080 1,065 0.3 0.3 0.3 31,110 15,310 15,800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 640 315 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 225 95 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,410 2,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 130 60 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,375 595 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 3,520 1,710 1,810 0.5 0.5 0.5 27,825 13,250 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 295 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 165 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 265 115 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 140,450 68,575 71,875 0.4 0.4 0.4
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 110 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 185 75 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 103,780 50,460 53,325 0.3 0.3 0.3
German 180 75 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 86,820 41,815 45,005 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,270 3,640 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,750 870 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,950 4,140 3,810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,710 16,730 16,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,095 3,055 3,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,100 3,950 4,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,480 2,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490 240 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,845 6,895 6,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 920 1,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 125 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 435 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 740 355 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 705 330 375 0.1 0.1 0.1 38,300 17,490 20,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 59,885 30,070 29,815 8.4 8.6 8.2 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 3.2 3.3 3.1
Indo-Aryan languages 56,140 28,265 27,880 7.9 8.1 7.7 962,820 490,815 472,000 2.6 2.7 2.5
Assamese 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 110 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 2,540 1,215 1,330 0.4 0.3 0.4 56,750 28,435 28,315 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gujarati 4,335 2,085 2,250 0.6 0.6 0.6 92,005 47,790 44,215 0.3 0.3 0.2
Hindi 6,860 3,475 3,385 1.0 1.0 0.9 91,930 47,555 44,375 0.3 0.3 0.2
Kacchi 130 55 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,055 1,310 1,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 140 60 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 415 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 1,175 600 575 0.2 0.2 0.2 7,460 3,800 3,660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 575 305 275 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,835 8,595 8,235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 420 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 75 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 275 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 145 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 14,860 7,820 7,035 2.1 2.2 1.9 520,390 266,775 253,610 1.4 1.5 1.4
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 315 165 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,110 1,060 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 560 265 295 0.1 0.1 0.1 9,665 4,775 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 24,310 12,050 12,260 3.4 3.4 3.4 158,040 78,420 79,615 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 145 70 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,015 1,040 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 3,740 1,810 1,935 0.5 0.5 0.5 204,420 99,545 104,875 0.6 0.6 0.6
Baluchi 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 150 80 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,380 5,245 5,135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 695 340 355 0.1 0.1 0.1 13,215 6,670 6,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 2,880 1,385 1,500 0.4 0.4 0.4 179,745 87,075 92,670 0.5 0.5 0.5
Dari 1,300 630 670 0.2 0.2 0.2 36,190 17,395 18,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 1,315 620 685 0.2 0.2 0.2 125,840 61,060 64,780 0.3 0.3 0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,715 8,620 9,095 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 250 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 19,370 8,880 10,490 2.7 2.5 2.9 577,735 273,965 303,770 1.6 1.5 1.6
Catalan 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 185 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 2,825 1,195 1,630 0.4 0.3 0.4 92,755 38,750 54,005 0.3 0.2 0.3
Portuguese 5,925 2,760 3,165 0.8 0.8 0.9 118,730 56,685 62,045 0.3 0.3 0.3
Romanian 1,245 595 645 0.2 0.2 0.2 48,090 23,135 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 9,365 4,320 5,040 1.3 1.2 1.4 317,365 155,005 162,360 0.9 0.9 0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 440 190 255 0.1 0.1 0.1 20,055 8,290 11,765 0.1 0.0 0.1
Korean 3,145 1,470 1,675 0.4 0.4 0.5 125,525 58,250 67,275 0.3 0.3 0.4
Mongolian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 505 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 760 345 415 0.1 0.1 0.1 38,600 18,055 20,545 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 295 125 165 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,000 2,755 3,240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 280 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 150 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 225 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 665 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 115 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 260 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 770 765 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,205 1,520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,520 655 860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,780 1,760 2,025 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 480 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 145 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 45 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 80 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,055 3,290 3,765 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,945 1,040 910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 135 60 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,505 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,250 1,470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,155 1,555 1,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 485 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 295 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,465 705 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 280 160 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,160 7,005 5,160 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 210 115 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,175 4,660 3,515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 830 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 75 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,515 1,000 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 30,050 14,015 16,040 4.2 4.0 4.4 967,965 450,210 517,755 2.6 2.5 2.8
Chinese languages 29,760 13,875 15,880 4.2 4.0 4.4 955,685 444,115 511,565 2.6 2.5 2.8
Hakka 65 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,645 1,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 18,070 8,550 9,515 2.5 2.4 2.6 530,945 249,675 281,270 1.4 1.4 1.5
Min Dong 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 370 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 415 185 235 0.1 0.1 0.1 13,945 6,255 7,685 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 205 95 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,750 2,705 3,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 10,705 4,870 5,835 1.5 1.4 1.6 393,430 180,000 213,435 1.1 1.0 1.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 255 120 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,985 3,360 3,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 295 140 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,990 5,960 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 80 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,075 1,010 1,070 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 660 320 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,400 1,725 1,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,960 1,500 1,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 225 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 210 100 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,680 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 225 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 135 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 135 70 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,120 4,660 5,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 70 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,955 2,850 3,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,955 1,725 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 85 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 840 435 410 0.1 0.1 0.1 32,490 16,530 15,960 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,200 1,095 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 735 385 345 0.1 0.1 0.1 27,970 14,290 13,685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 850 420 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 950 470 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 505 245 260 0.1 0.1 0.1 18,790 8,625 10,165 0.1 0.0 0.1
Estonian 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 245 370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 825 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 485 230 250 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,295 7,550 8,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 72,440 35,485 36,955 10.1 10.1 10.1 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 4.3 4.2 4.3
English and French 1,525 680 850 0.2 0.2 0.2 230,955 112,070 118,880 0.6 0.6 0.6
English and non-official language(s) 68,355 33,655 34,700 9.6 9.6 9.5 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 3.1 3.0 3.1
French and non-official language(s) 325 150 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,525 60,405 65,125 0.3 0.3 0.4
English, French and non-official language(s) 885 375 510 0.1 0.1 0.1 56,805 27,370 29,430 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple non-official languages 1,340 620 720 0.2 0.2 0.2 26,705 12,190 14,515 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 714,840 350,585 364,255 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 492,280 242,340 249,940 68.9 69.1 68.6 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 84.8 85.1 84.5
English 84,240 41,680 42,560 11.8 11.9 11.7 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 5.3 5.4 5.3
French 6,000 2,525 3,475 0.8 0.7 1.0 571,040 268,530 302,510 1.6 1.5 1.6
Non-official language 101,055 48,865 52,195 14.1 13.9 14.3 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 6.1 5.9 6.3
Indigenous39 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 63,565 29,285 34,280 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-Indigenous 101,040 48,855 52,180 14.1 13.9 14.3 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 6.0 5.8 6.2
English and French 1,250 540 710 0.2 0.2 0.2 86,185 42,600 43,585 0.2 0.2 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 12,975 6,475 6,505 1.8 1.8 1.8 323,845 161,995 161,850 0.9 0.9 0.9
French and non-official language(s) 3,690 1,555 2,135 0.5 0.4 0.6 134,565 61,575 72,995 0.4 0.3 0.4
English, French and non-official language(s) 195 90 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,870 5,975 5,895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 13,150 6,520 6,635 1.8 1.9 1.8 234,905 115,470 119,430 0.6 0.6 0.6
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 712,825 349,875 362,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 688,520 340,690 347,835 96.6 97.4 95.8 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 98.1 98.4 97.8
English 688,000 340,480 347,520 96.5 97.3 95.8 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 87.1 87.9 86.2
French 48,150 20,240 27,905 6.8 5.8 7.7 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 29.1 28.5 29.6
Non-official languages 438,795 211,915 226,880 61.6 60.6 62.5 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 29.5 28.7 30.3
Indigenous languages39 55 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 243,155 116,360 126,795 0.7 0.6 0.7
Algonquian languages 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 163,815 78,135 85,675 0.5 0.4 0.5
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,680 3,120 3,560 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,850 50,975 54,870 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,455 3,360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,875 42,340 45,530 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 220 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 450 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,880 2,320 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,675 2,025 2,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,005 5,440 6,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,110 2,460 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,000 29,930 31,070 0.2 0.2 0.2
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,745 4,935 5,805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,035 4,770 5,260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,245 4,370 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 420 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,865 20,015 22,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 895 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,305 7,450 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,160 11,930 14,235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,035 875 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 80 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,670 1,955 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,720 9,495 11,225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 100 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,390 9,635 10,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,135 9,515 10,620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 680 870 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,560 5,470 6,085 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 115 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,330 1,140 1,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 355 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,210 620 590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 265 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 130 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 140 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,140 1,080 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 40 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 120 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 140 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 90 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,795 20,980 21,820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 505 630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 145 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,680 20,495 21,185 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,055 880 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 95 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,605 655 950 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 90 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,905 850 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 2,555 2,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 670 745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 285 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 300 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 510 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 165 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 135 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 320 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 190 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,965 1,465 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 195 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 715 810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 470 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 180 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,665 1,335 1,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,135 555 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,110 595 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,205 1,010 1,200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 145 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 170 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 355 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 315 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 310 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 855 405 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 438,745 211,880 226,865 61.6 60.6 62.5 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 28.9 28.1 29.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 54,370 27,465 26,905 7.6 7.8 7.4 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 3.0 3.2 2.9
Berber languages 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,835 22,775 20,060 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,415 19,660 17,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamazight 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,735 2,720 2,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 750 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 125 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,090 3,740 3,350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 100 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,080 2,695 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 1,040 965 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 700 305 395 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,690 1,790 1,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 1,785 755 1,030 0.3 0.2 0.3 71,930 34,430 37,500 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bilen 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,745 1,490 1,260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,635 4,860 4,780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 1,705 710 995 0.2 0.2 0.3 59,005 27,735 31,270 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 760 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 52,455 26,650 25,810 7.4 7.6 7.1 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 2.8 2.9 2.7
Amharic 600 300 300 0.1 0.1 0.1 48,305 23,910 24,395 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 49,495 25,250 24,250 6.9 7.2 6.7 838,045 436,510 401,540 2.3 2.4 2.2
Aramaic languages 2,205 1,120 1,085 0.3 0.3 0.3 39,655 19,690 19,965 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 1,375 715 660 0.2 0.2 0.2 23,865 11,765 12,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 585 295 290 0.1 0.1 0.1 13,285 6,625 6,655 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 265 120 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,195 1,625 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,000 925 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 505 285 225 0.1 0.1 0.1 83,205 42,515 40,685 0.2 0.2 0.2
Maltese 1,005 475 535 0.1 0.1 0.1 6,535 3,080 3,450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 435 190 245 0.1 0.1 0.1 45,970 23,120 22,845 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,760 1,065 695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 13,870 6,505 7,365 1.9 1.9 2.0 260,030 120,035 139,995 0.7 0.7 0.8
Khmer (Cambodian) 160 95 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,390 13,100 15,290 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 13,745 6,425 7,320 1.9 1.8 2.0 232,800 107,435 125,355 0.6 0.6 0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 455 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 30,380 12,860 17,520 4.3 3.7 4.8 793,275 336,445 456,840 2.2 1.9 2.5
Bikol 145 55 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,975 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 225 95 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,990 4,625 6,375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 1,070 405 665 0.2 0.1 0.2 33,045 13,790 19,250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 900 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 515 205 305 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,385 6,650 9,735 0.0 0.0 0.1
Ilocano 1,400 595 805 0.2 0.2 0.2 61,680 25,280 36,400 0.2 0.1 0.2
Indonesian 1,220 540 680 0.2 0.2 0.2 19,815 8,895 10,915 0.1 0.0 0.1
Kankanaey 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 770 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 860 345 510 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,885 1,960 1,920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,355 1,215 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,565 785 780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 350 195 160 0.0 0.1 0.0 10,770 4,995 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 410 185 225 0.1 0.1 0.1 10,555 4,690 5,865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,455 1,885 2,575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 28,240 11,900 16,340 4.0 3.4 4.5 737,565 310,735 426,830 2.0 1.7 2.3
Waray-Waray 165 65 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 1,910 2,610 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 520 220 305 0.1 0.1 0.1 20,140 8,785 11,355 0.1 0.0 0.1
Creole languages 2,370 1,080 1,285 0.3 0.3 0.4 184,840 85,045 99,790 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haitian Creole 205 110 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,895 61,215 73,680 0.4 0.3 0.4
Jamaican English Creole 280 105 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,875 2,200 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 870 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 1,035 515 520 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,345 7,620 7,725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,535 785 750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 745 310 440 0.1 0.1 0.1 31,220 14,400 16,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e. 265 110 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,585 4,575 5,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 27,955 14,220 13,730 3.9 4.1 3.8 359,485 185,160 174,325 1.0 1.0 0.9
Kannada 2,555 1,295 1,260 0.4 0.4 0.3 18,420 9,660 8,760 0.1 0.1 0.0
Malayalam 5,875 2,970 2,905 0.8 0.8 0.8 77,910 42,025 35,890 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 17,180 8,685 8,495 2.4 2.5 2.3 237,890 119,570 118,320 0.7 0.7 0.6
Telugu 5,570 3,100 2,460 0.8 0.9 0.7 54,685 30,575 24,110 0.2 0.2 0.1
Tulu 390 200 185 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,765 935 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 135 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 970 450 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 130 60 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,015 1,565 1,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 365 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 263,220 129,250 133,975 36.9 36.9 36.9 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 16.1 16.0 16.2
Albanian 3,590 1,770 1,820 0.5 0.5 0.5 38,345 19,410 18,935 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 760 365 395 0.1 0.1 0.1 44,500 21,675 22,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 55,720 26,465 29,255 7.8 7.6 8.1 820,305 384,390 435,915 2.3 2.1 2.4
Baltic languages 560 250 315 0.1 0.1 0.1 13,890 5,900 7,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 105 40 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,020 2,595 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 455 205 245 0.1 0.1 0.1 7,895 3,325 4,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 55,330 26,280 29,050 7.8 7.5 8.0 809,985 380,025 429,960 2.2 2.1 2.3
Belarusian 175 80 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,825 1,185 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 1,350 700 645 0.2 0.2 0.2 24,210 11,805 12,400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 845 415 430 0.1 0.1 0.1 28,625 13,595 15,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 1,690 775 920 0.2 0.2 0.3 23,015 10,965 12,050 0.1 0.1 0.1
Polish 27,810 13,075 14,730 3.9 3.7 4.1 204,460 94,135 110,325 0.6 0.5 0.6
Russian 9,165 4,250 4,920 1.3 1.2 1.4 309,235 145,375 163,860 0.9 0.8 0.9
Rusyn 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 345 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 11,745 5,870 5,875 1.6 1.7 1.6 155,775 76,800 78,975 0.4 0.4 0.4
Bosnian 2,100 1,025 1,080 0.3 0.3 0.3 25,380 12,555 12,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 6,735 3,300 3,435 0.9 0.9 0.9 73,845 36,015 37,830 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 4,950 2,535 2,415 0.7 0.7 0.7 83,735 41,550 42,185 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 185 85 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,085 1,590 1,500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 645 305 335 0.1 0.1 0.1 20,905 9,455 11,450 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 995 400 595 0.1 0.1 0.2 10,650 4,715 5,935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 8,620 4,015 4,605 1.2 1.1 1.3 131,655 59,230 72,425 0.4 0.3 0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,485 5,430 5,055 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,360 2,940 2,415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,050 1,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,015 1,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 495 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 6,755 3,255 3,500 0.9 0.9 1.0 658,705 319,800 338,905 1.8 1.8 1.8
Frisian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,835 1,480 1,350 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 5,230 2,570 2,660 0.7 0.7 0.7 453,995 222,215 231,780 1.2 1.2 1.3
German 5,190 2,550 2,640 0.7 0.7 0.7 419,195 204,840 214,355 1.2 1.1 1.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,565 5,260 5,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 55 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,465 5,025 5,440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,155 10,105 10,045 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 1,190 590 600 0.2 0.2 0.2 191,840 93,435 98,405 0.5 0.5 0.5
Afrikaans 385 200 190 0.1 0.1 0.1 29,670 15,335 14,335 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 745 360 385 0.1 0.1 0.1 107,985 51,330 56,650 0.3 0.3 0.3
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,555 5,245 5,315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 640 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,165 20,590 20,575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vlaams (Flemish) 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 1,825 2,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 525 240 290 0.1 0.1 0.1 37,500 17,205 20,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 225 105 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,700 6,805 7,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 685 790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,860 4,180 4,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 265 110 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,620 6,765 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,275 720 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 3,320 1,695 1,625 0.5 0.5 0.4 145,060 71,685 73,375 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Iranian languages 139,200 70,370 68,830 19.5 20.1 19.0 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 6.2 6.5 6.0
Indo-Aryan languages 132,170 66,840 65,330 18.5 19.1 18.0 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 5.3 5.5 5.1
Assamese 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,155 590 565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 6,400 3,130 3,275 0.9 0.9 0.9 120,605 62,330 58,270 0.3 0.3 0.3
Gujarati 12,330 6,155 6,175 1.7 1.8 1.7 209,415 110,000 99,405 0.6 0.6 0.5
Hindi 54,740 27,605 27,135 7.7 7.9 7.5 761,425 395,410 366,015 2.1 2.2 2.0
Kacchi 605 265 340 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,085 6,785 8,300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 240 115 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 965 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 1,975 890 1,085 0.3 0.3 0.3 8,950 4,300 4,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 5,100 2,565 2,540 0.7 0.7 0.7 35,230 18,210 17,020 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 1,260 625 635 0.2 0.2 0.2 30,660 15,680 14,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 435 240 195 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,235 1,665 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 225 125 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,710 925 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 215 115 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 755 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 37,835 19,910 17,925 5.3 5.7 4.9 942,170 488,075 454,090 2.6 2.7 2.5
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 345 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 1,355 695 660 0.2 0.2 0.2 8,385 4,480 3,910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 2,005 955 1,055 0.3 0.3 0.3 33,050 16,645 16,400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 55,765 27,985 27,775 7.8 8.0 7.7 414,870 211,895 202,975 1.1 1.2 1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 920 475 445 0.1 0.1 0.1 11,320 6,280 5,040 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 8,635 4,340 4,295 1.2 1.2 1.2 370,520 186,750 183,770 1.0 1.0 1.0
Baluchi 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 985 565 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 490 305 180 0.1 0.1 0.0 24,035 13,005 11,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 535 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 2,055 1,080 970 0.3 0.3 0.3 31,695 16,810 14,885 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 6,505 3,210 3,300 0.9 0.9 0.9 326,285 163,665 162,620 0.9 0.9 0.9
Dari 3,085 1,495 1,590 0.4 0.4 0.4 78,220 38,765 39,460 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 3,105 1,585 1,515 0.4 0.5 0.4 222,160 111,750 110,415 0.6 0.6 0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 480 210 270 0.1 0.1 0.1 30,345 15,460 14,880 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 970 855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 150 80 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,245 895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 59,405 28,185 31,215 8.3 8.1 8.6 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 5.7 5.4 5.9
Catalan 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,855 1,560 1,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 16,055 7,840 8,210 2.3 2.2 2.3 547,655 263,950 283,705 1.5 1.5 1.5
Portuguese 18,895 8,830 10,065 2.7 2.5 2.8 336,865 164,985 171,880 0.9 0.9 0.9
Romanian 3,120 1,545 1,580 0.4 0.4 0.4 116,520 55,570 60,950 0.3 0.3 0.3
Spanish 24,075 11,240 12,835 3.4 3.2 3.5 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 3.2 3.1 3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 85 60 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,835 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 110 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,965 1,025 940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 1,775 810 965 0.2 0.2 0.3 98,070 43,380 54,690 0.3 0.2 0.3
Korean 5,260 2,445 2,815 0.7 0.7 0.8 203,885 92,275 111,605 0.6 0.5 0.6
Mongolian 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,085 1,455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 6,195 2,805 3,390 0.9 0.8 0.9 267,520 131,495 136,025 0.7 0.7 0.7
Akan (Twi) 1,225 495 730 0.2 0.1 0.2 26,240 12,585 13,660 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bamanankan 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,950 2,570 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 315 130 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,945 2,315 2,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 100 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,645 2,490 2,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,840 4,100 3,740 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 195 90 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,255 1,565 1,685 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,650 2,055 2,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 110 35 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 750 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 500 240 260 0.1 0.1 0.1 18,365 9,345 9,020 0.1 0.1 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 100 30 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,515 6,305 7,210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 190 60 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,720 12,260 13,460 0.1 0.1 0.1
Luba-Kasai 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,695 1,300 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 1,055 1,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,080 585 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,425 1,140 1,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 75 20 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,825 7,070 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 130 60 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,280 3,440 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,010 650 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,305 580 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 1,550 740 810 0.2 0.2 0.2 57,295 28,950 28,340 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wojenaka 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,820 1,440 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,940 6,925 6,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 1,455 730 730 0.2 0.2 0.2 50,935 25,265 25,675 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 685 310 370 0.1 0.1 0.1 43,625 21,935 21,685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 65 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,090 5,570 5,530 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,815 1,470 1,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,490 685 805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,425 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,760 1,485 1,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 675 340 335 0.1 0.1 0.1 49,535 19,685 29,850 0.1 0.1 0.2
American Sign Language 585 295 290 0.1 0.1 0.1 37,620 14,430 23,195 0.1 0.1 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,195 2,525 3,670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,450 3,515 3,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 47,480 22,215 25,265 6.7 6.3 7.0 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 4.3 4.0 4.5
Chinese languages 47,005 21,970 25,035 6.6 6.3 6.9 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 4.2 4.0 4.4
Hakka 400 200 200 0.1 0.1 0.1 14,830 6,845 7,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 31,700 14,725 16,980 4.4 4.2 4.7 987,300 452,995 534,305 2.7 2.5 2.9
Min Dong 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,825 840 980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,660 745 920 0.2 0.2 0.3 51,755 22,840 28,920 0.1 0.1 0.2
Wu (Shanghainese) 465 190 275 0.1 0.1 0.1 13,660 6,060 7,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 19,900 9,320 10,585 2.8 2.7 2.9 724,925 335,185 389,740 2.0 1.9 2.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 435 195 245 0.1 0.1 0.1 11,720 5,695 6,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,185 560 625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 455 235 220 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,300 10,955 11,345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 115 65 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,935 2,910 3,025 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 520 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,705 2,790 2,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,030 2,490 2,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 845 395 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 290 145 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,160 4,565 4,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 890 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 540 680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 440 195 250 0.1 0.1 0.1 33,705 14,255 19,440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 210 90 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,630 8,320 9,310 0.0 0.0 0.1
Thai 290 115 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,575 6,955 11,615 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 330 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 2,440 1,330 1,120 0.3 0.4 0.3 91,375 47,575 43,800 0.3 0.3 0.2
Azerbaijani 105 40 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,875 5,380 4,490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 600 815 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 2,245 1,225 1,020 0.3 0.4 0.3 78,500 41,130 37,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Uyghur 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,660 790 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 55 40 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,290 1,645 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 980 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 1,835 875 965 0.3 0.3 0.3 85,055 39,290 45,765 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 140 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,315 2,320 2,990 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 145 60 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,325 6,735 8,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 1,560 745 810 0.2 0.2 0.2 64,625 30,320 34,300 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 135 80 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,545 2,750 2,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 712,825 349,875 362,950 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 3,555 1,795 1,755 0.5 0.5 0.5 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 5.0 4.9 5.1
Single Indigenous responses46 3,375 1,715 1,660 0.5 0.5 0.5 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 4.8 4.7 4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) 1,950 985 975 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 2.9 2.8 2.9
Métis 1,395 730 670 0.2 0.2 0.2 624,220 306,220 318,000 1.7 1.7 1.7
Inuk (Inuit) 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,540 34,645 35,895 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses47 55 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,855 13,645 15,215 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 125 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,225 16,620 18,610 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous identity 709,270 348,080 361,185 99.5 99.5 99.5 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 95.0 95.1 94.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 712,825 349,875 362,950 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 1,005 500 500 0.1 0.1 0.1 831,720 402,310 429,405 2.3 2.2 2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 711,820 349,375 362,445 99.9 99.9 99.9 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 97.7 97.8 97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 172,225 ... ... 70.4 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 66.5 ... ...
Renter 72,355 ... ... 29.6 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 33.1 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 69,070 ... ... 28.2 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 15.0 ... ...
Not condominium 175,510 ... ... 71.8 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 85.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 1,275 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
1 bedroom 31,240 ... ... 12.8 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 14.2 ... ...
2 bedrooms 49,850 ... ... 20.4 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 25.6 ... ...
3 bedrooms 79,885 ... ... 32.7 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 33.3 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 82,320 ... ... 33.7 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 26.1 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 78,710 ... ... 32.2 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 31.1 ... ...
5 rooms 36,265 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 15.5 ... ...
6 rooms 35,265 ... ... 14.4 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 13.6 ... ...
7 rooms 28,750 ... ... 11.8 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 12.0 ... ...
8 or more rooms 65,590 ... ... 26.8 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 27.8 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.0 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 229,855 ... ... 94.0 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 97.6 ... ...
More than one person per room 14,720 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 216,910 ... ... 88.7 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 94.6 ... ...
Not suitable 27,660 ... ... 11.3 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 17,730 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 20.2 ... ...
1961 to 1980 75,015 ... ... 30.7 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 27.9 ... ...
1981 to 1990 47,955 ... ... 19.6 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 13.2 ... ...
1991 to 2000 46,745 ... ... 19.1 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 12.1 ... ...
2001 to 2005 23,530 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
2006 to 2010 15,745 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
2011 to 2015 9,550 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
2016 to 202157 8,300 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 232,950 ... ... 95.2 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 93.9 ... ...
Major repairs needed 11,625 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 110,565 ... ... 45.2 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 51.1 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 112,395 ... ... 46.0 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 44.3 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 21,620 ... ... 8.8 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 3,595 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
25 to 34 years 24,745 ... ... 10.1 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 13.9 ... ...
35 to 44 years 40,875 ... ... 16.7 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 17.4 ... ...
45 to 54 years 51,605 ... ... 21.1 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 17.7 ... ...
55 to 64 years 58,260 ... ... 23.8 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 20.3 ... ...
65 to 74 years 38,545 ... ... 15.8 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 16.2 ... ...
75 to 84 years 19,955 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
85 years and over 6,995 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 243,100 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 174,940 ... ... 72.0 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 79.1 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 68,155 ... ... 28.0 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 20.9 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 60,495 ... ... 24.9 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 18.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 244,575 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 95,180 ... ... 38.9 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 29.2 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 57,695 ... ... 23.6 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 18.2 ... ...
Not suitable only 19,345 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 6,285 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 6,515 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 3,535 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 1,390 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 415 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Acceptable housing 149,400 ... ... 61.1 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 70.8 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 235,435 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 35,085 ... ... 14.9 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 10.1 ... ...
Not in core need 200,350 ... ... 85.1 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 89.9 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 172,220 ... ... ... ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 60.3 ... ... 60.3 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 60.0 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 23.5 ... ... 23.5 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 14.8 ... ...
% in core housing need63 9.6 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,800 ... ... 1,800 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,240 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,974 ... ... 1,974 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,498 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 900,000 ... ... 900,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 999,000 ... ... 999,000 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 618,500 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 72,350 ... ... ... ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 12.9 ... ... 12.9 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 39.1 ... ... 39.1 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 33.2 ... ...
% in core housing need63 28.0 ... ... 28.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,600 ... ... 1,600 ... ... 1,070 ... ... 1,070 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,650 ... ... 1,650 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 1,209 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... ... ... ... 69,130 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.9 ... ... 5.9 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 284 ... ... 284 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 327 ... ... 327 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 712,825 349,880 362,950 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 755 365 390 0.1 0.1 0.1 985,200 480,950 504,245 2.7 2.7 2.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 750 360 390 0.1 0.1 0.1 963,705 470,850 492,855 2.7 2.6 2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 490 220 265 0.1 0.1 0.1 763,230 371,400 391,825 2.1 2.1 2.1
Métis single ancestry 255 140 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 146,010 72,680 73,325 0.4 0.4 0.4
Inuit single ancestry 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,475 26,770 27,700 0.1 0.1 0.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,490 10,095 11,395 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,665 8,215 9,450 0.0 0.0 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,430 1,185 1,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,070 530 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 165 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 4,295 2,230 2,060 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 3.4 3.3 3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 4,200 2,195 2,005 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 3.3 3.2 3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 3,050 1,610 1,445 0.4 0.5 0.4 801,630 384,550 417,075 2.2 2.1 2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 1,135 580 550 0.2 0.2 0.2 362,130 174,975 187,150 1.0 1.0 1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,595 9,450 10,150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 90 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,930 16,605 19,320 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,815 14,790 17,025 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,785 1,190 1,595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 500 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 125 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 707,780 347,285 360,495 99.3 99.3 99.3 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 93.9 94.1 93.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 712,825 349,880 362,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 600,215 294,035 306,180 84.2 84.0 84.4 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 91.2 91.2 91.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18 118,190 60,365 57,825 16.6 17.3 15.9 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 18.7 19.4 17.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 482,020 233,670 248,350 67.6 66.8 68.4 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 72.6 71.8 73.3
Not Canadian citizens78 112,610 55,840 56,770 15.8 16.0 15.6 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 8.8 8.8 8.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 712,825 349,880 362,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 306,375 154,210 152,165 43.0 44.1 41.9 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 74.4 75.0 73.8
Immigrants81 379,425 181,245 198,175 53.2 51.8 54.6 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 23.0 22.2 23.8
Before 1980 58,680 27,785 30,890 8.2 7.9 8.5 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 4.2 4.1 4.4
1980 to 1990 47,340 22,805 24,535 6.6 6.5 6.8 924,320 443,805 480,520 2.5 2.5 2.6
1991 to 2000 83,110 39,565 43,540 11.7 11.3 12.0 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 4.2 3.9 4.4
2001 to 2010 95,400 45,225 50,175 13.4 12.9 13.8 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 5.3 5.1 5.5
2011 to 202182 94,895 45,860 49,040 13.3 13.1 13.5 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 6.8 6.6 6.9
2011 to 2015 42,390 19,970 22,420 5.9 5.7 6.2 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 3.1 3.0 3.2
2016 to 2021 52,500 25,885 26,620 7.4 7.4 7.3 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 3.7 3.6 3.7
Non-permanent residents83 27,030 14,420 12,610 3.8 4.1 3.5 924,850 499,490 425,365 2.5 2.8 2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 379,420 181,245 198,175 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 32,680 16,660 16,020 8.6 9.2 8.1 748,265 377,795 370,470 8.9 9.5 8.4
5 to 14 years 63,840 33,265 30,575 16.8 18.4 15.4 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 17.2 18.4 16.1
15 to 24 years 70,345 31,280 39,065 18.5 17.3 19.7 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 19.1 18.1 19.9
25 to 44 years 173,645 81,920 91,725 45.8 45.2 46.3 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 45.2 44.8 45.6
45 years and over 38,915 18,120 20,795 10.3 10.0 10.5 797,180 364,260 432,920 9.5 9.2 9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 379,420 181,245 198,175 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 46,530 20,760 25,765 12.3 11.5 13.0 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 14.4 13.7 15.0
Brazil 1,275 550 730 0.3 0.3 0.4 48,450 22,405 26,050 0.6 0.6 0.6
Colombia 3,385 1,555 1,830 0.9 0.9 0.9 80,570 36,675 43,900 1.0 0.9 1.0
El Salvador 815 390 425 0.2 0.2 0.2 49,450 24,430 25,015 0.6 0.6 0.6
Guyana 6,240 2,705 3,530 1.6 1.5 1.8 85,530 37,870 47,660 1.0 1.0 1.1
Haiti 155 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,945 44,585 55,360 1.2 1.1 1.3
Jamaica 11,015 4,620 6,390 2.9 2.5 3.2 145,360 63,430 81,925 1.7 1.6 1.9
Mexico 1,390 620 770 0.4 0.3 0.4 90,585 42,215 48,370 1.1 1.1 1.1
Peru 1,335 600 740 0.4 0.3 0.4 31,420 13,925 17,490 0.4 0.4 0.4
Trinidad and Tobago 5,760 2,595 3,165 1.5 1.4 1.6 65,035 29,110 35,930 0.8 0.7 0.8
United States of America 5,580 2,610 2,970 1.5 1.4 1.5 256,090 115,380 140,705 3.1 2.9 3.2
Other places of birth in Americas 9,565 4,415 5,150 2.5 2.4 2.6 250,760 116,305 134,460 3.0 2.9 3.1
Europe 77,850 37,130 40,720 20.5 20.5 20.5 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 23.5 24.0 23.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2,385 1,215 1,175 0.6 0.7 0.6 35,925 17,705 18,220 0.4 0.4 0.4
Croatia 3,035 1,510 1,525 0.8 0.8 0.8 36,675 18,115 18,560 0.4 0.5 0.4
France 625 305 325 0.2 0.2 0.2 121,525 63,845 57,685 1.5 1.6 1.3
Germany 2,115 985 1,125 0.6 0.5 0.6 126,470 60,560 65,915 1.5 1.5 1.5
Greece 1,385 695 695 0.4 0.4 0.4 54,715 27,050 27,665 0.7 0.7 0.6
Hungary 690 320 370 0.2 0.2 0.2 31,050 14,595 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4
Italy 6,805 3,450 3,355 1.8 1.9 1.7 204,065 101,445 102,625 2.4 2.6 2.3
Netherlands 475 235 245 0.1 0.1 0.1 75,830 39,020 36,810 0.9 1.0 0.8
Poland 19,025 8,650 10,380 5.0 4.8 5.2 135,030 60,660 74,370 1.6 1.5 1.7
Portugal 10,415 5,020 5,395 2.7 2.8 2.7 128,795 62,880 65,910 1.5 1.6 1.5
Romania 2,645 1,270 1,375 0.7 0.7 0.7 86,770 40,820 45,955 1.0 1.0 1.0
Russian Federation 1,985 860 1,125 0.5 0.5 0.6 81,840 35,185 46,650 1.0 0.9 1.1
Serbia86 1,835 930 905 0.5 0.5 0.5 31,925 15,480 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ukraine 4,675 2,205 2,475 1.2 1.2 1.2 81,135 36,840 44,295 1.0 0.9 1.0
United Kingdom87 9,225 4,530 4,695 2.4 2.5 2.4 464,135 229,710 234,430 5.6 5.8 5.3
Other places of birth in Europe 10,525 4,960 5,565 2.8 2.7 2.8 271,725 131,935 139,790 3.2 3.3 3.2
Africa 25,430 12,395 13,030 6.7 6.8 6.6 821,735 412,365 409,375 9.8 10.4 9.3
Algeria 340 185 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 79,660 41,065 38,600 1.0 1.0 0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 265 145 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 33,110 15,775 17,340 0.4 0.4 0.4
Egypt 8,975 4,605 4,370 2.4 2.5 2.2 73,710 38,730 34,980 0.9 1.0 0.8
Eritrea 255 120 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 31,385 16,575 14,815 0.4 0.4 0.3
Ethiopia 480 215 260 0.1 0.1 0.1 41,715 19,955 21,760 0.5 0.5 0.5
Morocco 460 155 310 0.1 0.1 0.2 81,775 41,085 40,685 1.0 1.0 0.9
Nigeria 2,920 1,510 1,405 0.8 0.8 0.7 81,290 41,665 39,620 1.0 1.0 0.9
Somalia 905 355 555 0.2 0.2 0.3 32,500 14,600 17,900 0.4 0.4 0.4
South Africa, Republic of 1,170 560 605 0.3 0.3 0.3 51,590 25,740 25,855 0.6 0.6 0.6
Other places of birth in Africa 9,660 4,550 5,110 2.5 2.5 2.6 314,995 157,170 157,825 3.8 4.0 3.6
Asia 228,910 110,640 118,270 60.3 61.0 59.7 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 51.5 51.1 51.9
Afghanistan 2,470 1,270 1,205 0.7 0.7 0.6 62,450 30,940 31,515 0.7 0.8 0.7
Iran88 2,675 1,440 1,235 0.7 0.8 0.6 182,940 92,300 90,645 2.2 2.3 2.1
Iraq 8,415 4,260 4,155 2.2 2.4 2.1 84,130 42,660 41,465 1.0 1.1 0.9
Lebanon 3,315 1,595 1,725 0.9 0.9 0.9 95,725 50,675 45,055 1.1 1.3 1.0
Syria89 6,705 3,330 3,370 1.8 1.8 1.7 97,590 49,855 47,735 1.2 1.3 1.1
Turkey 985 550 440 0.3 0.3 0.2 35,270 18,835 16,435 0.4 0.5 0.4
China90 22,830 10,410 12,415 6.0 5.7 6.3 715,835 317,970 397,860 8.6 8.0 9.1
Hong Kong91 6,655 3,180 3,475 1.8 1.8 1.8 213,855 100,480 113,375 2.6 2.5 2.6
Korea, South92 4,125 1,910 2,215 1.1 1.1 1.1 138,355 63,025 75,325 1.7 1.6 1.7
Taiwan 1,685 720 960 0.4 0.4 0.5 65,365 28,725 36,635 0.8 0.7 0.8
Philippines 28,670 12,345 16,330 7.6 6.8 8.2 719,580 305,115 414,460 8.6 7.7 9.5
Viet Nam 10,950 5,055 5,890 2.9 2.8 3.0 182,095 82,670 99,425 2.2 2.1 2.3
Bangladesh 3,065 1,535 1,535 0.8 0.8 0.8 70,090 35,675 34,415 0.8 0.9 0.8
India 61,255 30,465 30,790 16.1 16.8 15.5 898,050 451,120 446,930 10.7 11.3 10.2
Pakistan 33,805 17,050 16,755 8.9 9.4 8.5 234,105 118,390 115,715 2.8 3.0 2.6
Sri Lanka 7,785 3,690 4,090 2.1 2.0 2.1 136,240 66,215 70,030 1.6 1.7 1.6
Other places of birth in Asia 23,530 11,845 11,680 6.2 6.5 5.9 375,340 175,930 199,410 4.5 4.4 4.5
Oceania and other places of birth93 700 315 390 0.2 0.2 0.2 61,965 31,055 30,910 0.7 0.8 0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 52,505 25,885 26,615 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 3,975 1,830 2,150 7.6 7.1 8.1 154,490 74,275 80,215 11.6 11.5 11.7
Brazil 275 100 175 0.5 0.4 0.7 19,895 9,340 10,560 1.5 1.4 1.5
Colombia 310 105 210 0.6 0.4 0.8 11,455 5,090 6,365 0.9 0.8 0.9
Haiti 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,550 5,155 5,400 0.8 0.8 0.8
Jamaica 705 365 340 1.3 1.4 1.3 15,155 7,740 7,420 1.1 1.2 1.1
Mexico 270 135 130 0.5 0.5 0.5 17,150 8,405 8,745 1.3 1.3 1.3
United States of America 1,260 595 665 2.4 2.3 2.5 39,875 19,790 20,085 3.0 3.1 2.9
Venezuela95 195 65 135 0.4 0.3 0.5 7,060 2,980 4,075 0.5 0.5 0.6
Other places of birth in Americas 945 465 480 1.8 1.8 1.8 33,350 15,785 17,570 2.5 2.4 2.6
Europe 3,120 1,545 1,575 5.9 6.0 5.9 134,425 69,310 65,120 10.1 10.7 9.5
France 80 45 40 0.2 0.2 0.2 27,175 14,560 12,610 2.0 2.3 1.8
Germany 55 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 5,365 2,660 2,705 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ireland96 105 70 35 0.2 0.3 0.1 6,355 4,000 2,350 0.5 0.6 0.3
Italy 45 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,240 2,470 1,770 0.3 0.4 0.3
Russian Federation 185 65 120 0.4 0.3 0.5 10,905 4,335 6,570 0.8 0.7 1.0
Ukraine 610 290 315 1.2 1.1 1.2 14,515 6,570 7,945 1.1 1.0 1.2
United Kingdom87 260 150 110 0.5 0.6 0.4 22,755 13,550 9,200 1.7 2.1 1.3
Other places of birth in Europe 1,775 870 910 3.4 3.4 3.4 43,120 21,160 21,960 3.2 3.3 3.2
Africa 4,550 2,270 2,275 8.7 8.8 8.5 206,965 102,875 104,090 15.6 16.0 15.2
Algeria 70 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.2 15,745 7,530 8,220 1.2 1.2 1.2
Burundi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,935 2,420 2,510 0.4 0.4 0.4
Cameroon 45 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 11,795 5,545 6,250 0.9 0.9 0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,915 4,200 4,720 0.7 0.7 0.7
Côte d'Ivoire 105 60 45 0.2 0.2 0.2 7,915 3,795 4,125 0.6 0.6 0.6
Egypt 1,555 790 765 3.0 3.1 2.9 12,120 6,285 5,835 0.9 1.0 0.9
Eritrea 40 15 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,330 8,755 7,575 1.2 1.4 1.1
Ethiopia 65 40 25 0.1 0.2 0.1 9,385 4,415 4,970 0.7 0.7 0.7
Morocco 135 50 85 0.3 0.2 0.3 12,835 6,025 6,810 1.0 0.9 1.0
Nigeria 1,275 665 610 2.4 2.6 2.3 40,360 20,575 19,780 3.0 3.2 2.9
Somalia 105 55 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 6,315 3,240 3,075 0.5 0.5 0.4
South Africa, Republic of 165 80 90 0.3 0.3 0.3 8,510 4,290 4,220 0.6 0.7 0.6
Sudan97 140 45 90 0.3 0.2 0.3 4,690 2,375 2,315 0.4 0.4 0.3
Tunisia 65 20 40 0.1 0.1 0.2 8,155 4,185 3,975 0.6 0.6 0.6
Other places of birth in Africa 770 390 380 1.5 1.5 1.4 38,960 19,250 19,715 2.9 3.0 2.9
Asia 40,800 20,215 20,590 77.7 78.1 77.4 823,205 393,110 430,090 62.0 61.0 62.9
Afghanistan 355 145 215 0.7 0.6 0.8 12,730 6,290 6,440 1.0 1.0 0.9
Bangladesh 455 230 220 0.9 0.9 0.8 13,185 6,670 6,515 1.0 1.0 1.0
China90 2,680 1,140 1,540 5.1 4.4 5.8 118,035 50,365 67,665 8.9 7.8 9.9
Hong Kong91 95 35 65 0.2 0.1 0.2 6,495 2,880 3,620 0.5 0.4 0.5
India 16,580 8,685 7,900 31.6 33.6 29.7 246,995 128,205 118,790 18.6 19.9 17.4
Iran88 260 145 115 0.5 0.6 0.4 25,650 12,310 13,340 1.9 1.9 2.0
Iraq 2,045 1,025 1,025 3.9 4.0 3.9 17,715 8,835 8,875 1.3 1.4 1.3
Israel 50 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,850 2,565 2,290 0.4 0.4 0.3
Japan 60 15 45 0.1 0.1 0.2 4,445 1,035 3,410 0.3 0.2 0.5
Jordan 315 175 140 0.6 0.7 0.5 4,635 2,375 2,260 0.3 0.4 0.3
Korea, South92 285 105 180 0.5 0.4 0.7 20,985 8,790 12,200 1.6 1.4 1.8
Lebanon 495 240 260 0.9 0.9 1.0 9,980 5,120 4,860 0.8 0.8 0.7
Nepal 225 120 105 0.4 0.5 0.4 4,890 2,475 2,415 0.4 0.4 0.4
Pakistan 4,305 2,135 2,165 8.2 8.2 8.1 36,255 18,070 18,190 2.7 2.8 2.7
Philippines 3,065 1,330 1,730 5.8 5.1 6.5 151,490 66,720 84,765 11.4 10.3 12.4
Saudi Arabia 1,030 490 540 2.0 1.9 2.0 9,560 5,195 4,365 0.7 0.8 0.6
Sri Lanka 400 160 240 0.8 0.6 0.9 8,480 4,010 4,465 0.6 0.6 0.7
Syria89 4,375 2,175 2,195 8.3 8.4 8.2 63,130 32,725 30,410 4.8 5.1 4.5
Turkey 290 160 130 0.6 0.6 0.5 10,150 5,520 4,635 0.8 0.9 0.7
United Arab Emirates 1,265 670 595 2.4 2.6 2.2 8,405 4,325 4,085 0.6 0.7 0.6
Viet Nam 745 280 465 1.4 1.1 1.7 14,725 5,605 9,125 1.1 0.9 1.3
Other places of birth in Asia 1,420 715 705 2.7 2.8 2.6 30,410 13,035 17,375 2.3 2.0 2.5
Oceania and other93 65 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 9,160 5,335 3,825 0.7 0.8 0.6
Australia 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 6,535 3,845 2,685 0.5 0.6 0.4
Other places of birth98 15 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 2,625 1,490 1,135 0.2 0.2 0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 712,825 349,875 362,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 412,535 198,815 213,715 57.9 56.8 58.9 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 26.4 25.8 27.0
Second generation101 192,000 97,085 94,915 26.9 27.7 26.2 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 17.6 17.9 17.3
Third generation or more102 108,295 53,975 54,320 15.2 15.4 15.0 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 56.0 56.3 55.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 320,745 153,460 167,285 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 179,000 91,230 87,770 55.8 59.4 52.5 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 53.9 56.6 51.3
Principal applicants105 69,680 45,935 23,745 21.7 29.9 14.2 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 22.8 28.8 17.4
Secondary applicants106 109,320 45,290 64,030 34.1 29.5 38.3 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 31.0 27.8 34.0
Immigrants sponsored by family107 89,420 34,500 54,920 27.9 22.5 32.8 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 29.6 25.3 33.4
Refugees108 48,575 26,020 22,555 15.1 17.0 13.5 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 15.2 16.8 13.9
Other immigrants109 3,755 1,710 2,040 1.2 1.1 1.2 91,900 42,145 49,755 1.3 1.3 1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 320,745 153,460 167,285 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 18,860 10,075 8,780 5.9 6.6 5.2 416,105 222,895 193,205 6.1 6.9 5.4
Work permits only before admission112 21,710 10,255 11,450 6.8 6.7 6.8 705,405 324,370 381,035 10.3 10.0 10.7
Study permits only before admission113 5,400 2,775 2,630 1.7 1.8 1.6 183,250 92,135 91,110 2.7 2.8 2.5
Work and study permits before admission114 11,195 5,395 5,795 3.5 3.5 3.5 377,130 188,535 188,590 5.5 5.8 5.3
Other permits before admission115 1,775 730 1,050 0.6 0.5 0.6 39,540 15,685 23,855 0.6 0.5 0.7
No pre-admission experience116 261,805 124,230 137,575 81.6 81.0 82.2 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 74.8 74.0 75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 712,825 349,875 362,950 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 441,480 215,950 225,520 61.9 61.7 62.1 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 26.5 26.3 26.8
South Asian 180,800 91,790 89,010 25.4 26.2 24.5 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 7.1 7.4 6.8
Chinese 52,095 24,770 27,325 7.3 7.1 7.5 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 4.7 4.5 4.9
Black 49,220 22,640 26,575 6.9 6.5 7.3 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 4.3 4.2 4.3
Filipino 38,335 17,390 20,945 5.4 5.0 5.8 957,355 427,755 529,600 2.6 2.4 2.9
Arab 42,805 21,920 20,885 6.0 6.3 5.8 694,015 362,845 331,170 1.9 2.0 1.8
Latin American 17,325 7,905 9,415 2.4 2.3 2.6 580,235 281,030 299,200 1.6 1.6 1.6
Southeast Asian 17,165 8,195 8,965 2.4 2.3 2.5 390,340 184,120 206,220 1.1 1.0 1.1
West Asian 8,510 4,305 4,200 1.2 1.2 1.2 360,495 181,795 178,695 1.0 1.0 1.0
Korean 5,825 2,805 3,020 0.8 0.8 0.8 218,140 101,855 116,285 0.6 0.6 0.6
Japanese 2,115 925 1,190 0.3 0.3 0.3 98,890 42,315 56,575 0.3 0.2 0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 10,890 5,220 5,670 1.5 1.5 1.6 172,885 83,310 89,580 0.5 0.5 0.5
Multiple visible minorities 16,410 8,075 8,330 2.3 2.3 2.3 331,805 160,790 171,010 0.9 0.9 0.9
Not a visible minority120 271,345 133,925 137,425 38.1 38.3 37.9 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 73.5 73.7 73.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 712,825 349,875 362,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 42,315 21,530 20,790 5.9 6.2 5.7 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 15.6 15.8 15.4
English 46,415 23,000 23,415 6.5 6.6 6.5 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 14.7 14.5 14.8
Irish 39,785 19,520 20,265 5.6 5.6 5.6 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 12.1 11.7 12.6
Scottish 36,800 17,910 18,890 5.2 5.1 5.2 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 12.1 11.9 12.3
French, n.o.s.122 15,425 7,195 8,230 2.2 2.1 2.3 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 11.0 11.0 11.0
German 19,285 9,635 9,650 2.7 2.8 2.7 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 8.1 8.1 8.2
Chinese 55,350 26,310 29,045 7.8 7.5 8.0 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 4.7 4.5 4.9
Italian 38,075 19,230 18,845 5.3 5.5 5.2 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 4.3 4.3 4.2
Indian (India) 90,560 45,830 44,730 12.7 13.1 12.3 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 3.7 3.9 3.6
Ukrainian 17,350 8,410 8,940 2.4 2.4 2.5 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 3.5 3.4 3.5
Dutch 6,125 2,945 3,185 0.9 0.8 0.9 988,585 489,045 499,545 2.7 2.7 2.7
Polish 36,095 17,275 18,820 5.1 4.9 5.2 982,820 472,290 510,525 2.7 2.6 2.8
Québécois 445 235 215 0.1 0.1 0.1 981,635 490,130 491,510 2.7 2.7 2.7
British Isles, n.o.s.123 12,325 6,035 6,290 1.7 1.7 1.7 938,950 462,420 476,530 2.6 2.6 2.6
Filipino 37,325 17,115 20,210 5.2 4.9 5.6 925,490 414,915 510,570 2.5 2.3 2.8
French Canadian 3,120 1,520 1,600 0.4 0.4 0.4 906,315 441,610 464,705 2.5 2.5 2.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 4,980 2,510 2,465 0.7 0.7 0.7 691,260 347,080 344,175 1.9 1.9 1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 1,615 835 785 0.2 0.2 0.2 632,340 304,220 328,120 1.7 1.7 1.8
Métis 1,460 750 715 0.2 0.2 0.2 560,335 271,985 288,350 1.5 1.5 1.6
European, n.o.s.126 6,500 3,155 3,345 0.9 0.9 0.9 551,910 278,060 273,850 1.5 1.6 1.5
Russian 6,265 2,795 3,470 0.9 0.8 1.0 548,140 260,075 288,065 1.5 1.4 1.6
Norwegian 1,235 605 630 0.2 0.2 0.2 466,500 224,290 242,210 1.3 1.3 1.3
Welsh 3,880 1,815 2,065 0.5 0.5 0.6 455,720 216,490 239,230 1.3 1.2 1.3
Portuguese 27,845 13,555 14,290 3.9 3.9 3.9 448,305 222,770 225,535 1.2 1.2 1.2
American 3,425 1,620 1,795 0.5 0.5 0.5 353,495 172,240 181,255 1.0 1.0 1.0
Spanish 9,865 4,515 5,350 1.4 1.3 1.5 342,040 160,475 181,570 0.9 0.9 1.0
Swedish 1,420 725 695 0.2 0.2 0.2 334,505 156,840 177,665 0.9 0.9 1.0
Hungarian 3,945 1,850 2,095 0.6 0.5 0.6 320,150 155,755 164,395 0.9 0.9 0.9
Acadian 600 340 265 0.1 0.1 0.1 305,170 145,500 159,675 0.8 0.8 0.9
Pakistani 41,025 20,915 20,110 5.8 6.0 5.5 303,260 154,435 148,825 0.8 0.9 0.8
African, n.o.s.127 9,710 4,560 5,145 1.4 1.3 1.4 301,955 148,335 153,625 0.8 0.8 0.8
Jewish 2,065 1,000 1,060 0.3 0.3 0.3 282,015 141,530 140,490 0.8 0.8 0.8
Punjabi 10,725 5,625 5,100 1.5 1.6 1.4 279,950 145,620 134,330 0.8 0.8 0.7
Vietnamese 15,010 7,250 7,765 2.1 2.1 2.1 275,530 131,075 144,445 0.8 0.7 0.8
Arab, n.o.s.128 16,645 8,490 8,155 2.3 2.4 2.2 263,710 138,210 125,500 0.7 0.8 0.7
Greek 5,890 2,980 2,910 0.8 0.9 0.8 262,140 132,975 129,160 0.7 0.7 0.7
Jamaican 15,860 7,065 8,795 2.2 2.0 2.4 249,070 119,265 129,805 0.7 0.7 0.7
Asian, n.o.s.129 9,685 4,670 5,020 1.4 1.3 1.4 226,220 107,785 118,435 0.6 0.6 0.6
Cree, n.o.s.130 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 219,855 105,825 114,030 0.6 0.6 0.6
Korean 6,025 2,890 3,140 0.8 0.8 0.9 217,650 101,805 115,845 0.6 0.6 0.6
Romanian 3,755 1,845 1,910 0.5 0.5 0.5 215,885 103,720 112,165 0.6 0.6 0.6
Lebanese 4,645 2,270 2,375 0.7 0.6 0.7 210,605 107,990 102,615 0.6 0.6 0.6
Iranian 3,165 1,675 1,490 0.4 0.5 0.4 200,465 100,790 99,675 0.6 0.6 0.5
Christian, n.i.e.131 6,110 2,960 3,150 0.9 0.8 0.9 200,340 99,800 100,540 0.6 0.6 0.5
Danish 990 535 460 0.1 0.2 0.1 196,945 96,220 100,725 0.5 0.5 0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 540 260 280 0.1 0.1 0.1 194,840 94,035 100,810 0.5 0.5 0.5
Sikh 6,110 3,190 2,920 0.9 0.9 0.8 194,640 101,255 93,385 0.5 0.6 0.5
Austrian 1,940 965 975 0.3 0.3 0.3 189,535 92,740 96,800 0.5 0.5 0.5
Belgian 665 335 330 0.1 0.1 0.1 182,175 90,150 92,030 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haitian 300 160 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 178,990 84,510 94,490 0.5 0.5 0.5
Hindu 11,545 5,960 5,580 1.6 1.7 1.5 166,160 87,665 78,495 0.5 0.5 0.4
Mexican 2,350 1,110 1,240 0.3 0.3 0.3 155,495 77,435 78,055 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mennonite 200 115 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,095 77,735 77,360 0.4 0.4 0.4
Swiss 980 490 495 0.1 0.1 0.1 145,570 72,015 73,555 0.4 0.4 0.4
Finnish 995 500 500 0.1 0.1 0.1 144,055 69,270 74,785 0.4 0.4 0.4
Sri Lankan 7,370 3,610 3,765 1.0 1.0 1.0 132,410 65,175 67,240 0.4 0.4 0.4
Croatian 7,955 4,085 3,875 1.1 1.2 1.1 130,820 64,915 65,905 0.4 0.4 0.4
Japanese 2,875 1,315 1,560 0.4 0.4 0.4 129,425 56,850 72,580 0.4 0.3 0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.133 10,410 5,095 5,315 1.5 1.5 1.5 120,125 60,575 59,550 0.3 0.3 0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 415 205 205 0.1 0.1 0.1 111,605 53,700 57,905 0.3 0.3 0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.135 725 365 355 0.1 0.1 0.1 110,735 54,730 56,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Muslim 10,055 5,150 4,910 1.4 1.5 1.4 105,620 54,095 51,525 0.3 0.3 0.3
Egyptian 9,950 5,160 4,795 1.4 1.5 1.3 105,245 55,230 50,020 0.3 0.3 0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 3,455 1,660 1,795 0.5 0.5 0.5 104,765 51,375 53,395 0.3 0.3 0.3
Tamil 6,505 3,305 3,200 0.9 0.9 0.9 102,170 51,165 51,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Icelandic 200 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 101,990 50,370 51,620 0.3 0.3 0.3
Colombian 3,820 1,830 1,985 0.5 0.5 0.5 100,555 47,995 52,560 0.3 0.3 0.3
Moroccan 530 205 325 0.1 0.1 0.1 99,980 50,835 49,150 0.3 0.3 0.3
Czech 1,485 670 815 0.2 0.2 0.2 98,925 47,495 51,430 0.3 0.3 0.3
Syrian 6,385 3,210 3,180 0.9 0.9 0.9 98,250 49,385 48,865 0.3 0.3 0.3
Guyanese 6,165 2,920 3,240 0.9 0.8 0.9 97,210 46,270 50,940 0.3 0.3 0.3
Afghan 4,085 2,055 2,035 0.6 0.6 0.6 96,810 48,255 48,550 0.3 0.3 0.3
Black, n.o.s.137 4,015 1,875 2,140 0.6 0.5 0.6 94,585 44,335 50,250 0.3 0.2 0.3
Serbian 4,680 2,395 2,290 0.7 0.7 0.6 93,360 46,945 46,410 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ojibway 300 165 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,220 44,610 47,600 0.3 0.2 0.3
Newfoundlander 750 390 360 0.1 0.1 0.1 91,670 45,665 46,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hong Konger 2,595 1,195 1,400 0.4 0.3 0.4 81,680 39,485 42,195 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ontarian 1,060 510 550 0.1 0.1 0.2 80,555 39,675 40,880 0.2 0.2 0.2
Persian 1,685 930 755 0.2 0.3 0.2 80,340 41,415 38,925 0.2 0.2 0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 5,460 2,545 2,910 0.8 0.7 0.8 77,405 37,655 39,750 0.2 0.2 0.2
Turkish 3,150 1,655 1,495 0.4 0.5 0.4 76,745 39,955 36,795 0.2 0.2 0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.138 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,675 37,315 39,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bangladeshi 2,740 1,415 1,330 0.4 0.4 0.4 75,425 39,085 36,335 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algerian 355 190 170 0.0 0.1 0.0 73,770 38,035 35,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Brazilian 1,630 745 895 0.2 0.2 0.2 71,755 34,670 37,085 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nigerian 2,470 1,225 1,245 0.3 0.4 0.3 69,540 34,680 34,860 0.2 0.2 0.2
Armenian 1,295 600 690 0.2 0.2 0.2 68,850 34,105 34,745 0.2 0.2 0.2
Slovak 1,385 710 670 0.2 0.2 0.2 68,210 33,475 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 1,275 605 675 0.2 0.2 0.2 66,780 31,525 35,255 0.2 0.2 0.2
Somali 2,165 935 1,230 0.3 0.3 0.3 65,555 31,555 33,995 0.2 0.2 0.2
Taiwanese 1,415 620 800 0.2 0.2 0.2 64,020 29,280 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iraqi 5,695 2,875 2,820 0.8 0.8 0.8 59,300 29,865 29,435 0.2 0.2 0.2
Salvadorean 940 440 500 0.1 0.1 0.1 59,280 29,150 30,130 0.2 0.2 0.2
African Caribbean 3,695 1,620 2,075 0.5 0.5 0.6 59,050 26,385 32,670 0.2 0.1 0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 3,210 1,500 1,710 0.5 0.4 0.5 58,870 27,845 31,025 0.2 0.2 0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 4,730 2,425 2,310 0.7 0.7 0.6 58,840 30,560 28,280 0.2 0.2 0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 3,050 1,345 1,705 0.4 0.4 0.5 57,195 25,715 31,475 0.2 0.1 0.2
Algonquin 85 60 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,070 27,025 29,040 0.2 0.2 0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.143 4,120 1,935 2,185 0.6 0.6 0.6 52,085 23,685 28,395 0.1 0.1 0.2
Lithuanian 1,160 535 625 0.2 0.2 0.2 52,040 24,510 27,530 0.1 0.1 0.1
South African 1,030 510 520 0.1 0.1 0.1 49,840 24,885 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Australian 475 255 220 0.1 0.1 0.1 46,765 24,165 22,595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Palestinian 6,080 3,100 2,980 0.9 0.9 0.8 45,905 23,930 21,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chilean 1,225 565 660 0.2 0.2 0.2 45,685 22,520 23,165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Congolese 285 130 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,260 22,000 23,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nova Scotian 365 140 225 0.1 0.0 0.1 44,720 21,700 23,025 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ethiopian 740 360 385 0.1 0.1 0.1 42,545 20,675 21,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 1,565 715 850 0.2 0.2 0.2 42,405 20,105 22,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peruvian 1,580 725 855 0.2 0.2 0.2 42,295 19,925 22,370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yoruba 1,220 650 570 0.2 0.2 0.2 42,075 21,740 20,330 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cambodian (Khmer) 295 140 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,950 19,835 22,115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Berber 180 80 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,700 22,325 19,370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albanian 3,830 1,895 1,935 0.5 0.5 0.5 41,620 21,050 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 2,985 1,500 1,485 0.4 0.4 0.4 40,670 20,210 20,455 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 2,070 980 1,090 0.3 0.3 0.3 39,440 19,500 19,940 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovenian 2,470 1,190 1,280 0.3 0.3 0.4 38,595 18,785 19,815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Western European, n.o.s.145 300 170 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,520 18,935 19,585 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Brunswicker 105 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,670 18,235 19,435 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 2,210 1,130 1,080 0.3 0.3 0.3 36,970 19,580 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Eritrean 490 240 250 0.1 0.1 0.1 36,290 18,185 18,110 0.1 0.1 0.1
African Canadian 1,315 665 650 0.2 0.2 0.2 35,395 17,140 18,250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israeli 360 190 175 0.1 0.1 0.0 35,345 18,410 16,940 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mohawk 180 110 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,330 16,485 16,845 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 320 140 185 0.0 0.0 0.1 33,135 15,355 17,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bulgarian 1,395 705 700 0.2 0.2 0.2 33,085 16,235 16,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albertan 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,575 16,525 16,055 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ghanaian 1,540 745 795 0.2 0.2 0.2 31,720 15,650 16,065 0.1 0.1 0.1
Barbadian 1,380 600 785 0.2 0.2 0.2 31,440 15,265 16,175 0.1 0.1 0.1
African American 780 330 445 0.1 0.1 0.1 31,430 15,700 15,730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 750 390 360 0.1 0.1 0.1 30,565 14,635 15,930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisian 155 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,465 16,585 13,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.148 1,540 780 765 0.2 0.2 0.2 30,220 15,225 14,995 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cuban 965 475 500 0.1 0.1 0.1 30,065 14,830 15,235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 2,125 1,065 1,060 0.3 0.3 0.3 28,490 14,320 14,170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Venezuelan 930 420 505 0.1 0.1 0.1 28,395 13,220 15,175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,225 13,490 14,735 0.1 0.1 0.1
Latvian 440 170 265 0.1 0.0 0.1 28,140 13,515 14,620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bengali 1,560 780 780 0.2 0.2 0.2 26,675 13,830 12,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cameroonian 75 20 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,535 12,960 13,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Guatemalan 565 280 285 0.1 0.1 0.1 26,460 13,920 12,540 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 1,180 520 660 0.2 0.1 0.2 26,330 11,910 14,415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Laotian 380 140 240 0.1 0.0 0.1 25,875 12,500 13,375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 755 405 355 0.1 0.1 0.1 25,575 11,860 13,715 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Irish 545 280 265 0.1 0.1 0.1 25,200 12,495 12,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.150 240 145 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,420 12,265 12,155 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Columbian 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,325 12,230 12,095 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ecuadorian 1,305 560 745 0.2 0.2 0.2 24,255 11,510 12,745 0.1 0.1 0.1
Franco Ontarian 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,110 11,540 12,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Argentinian 790 420 375 0.1 0.1 0.1 23,500 11,665 11,840 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 385 195 195 0.1 0.1 0.1 23,455 11,080 12,375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kurdish 490 260 230 0.1 0.1 0.1 23,130 12,670 10,460 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 220 95 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,020 11,040 11,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jatt 690 380 310 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,785 11,695 11,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
North American, n.o.s.151 185 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,785 11,680 11,105 0.1 0.1 0.1
Coptic 3,860 1,895 1,960 0.5 0.5 0.5 22,570 11,405 11,165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Thai 300 125 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,275 8,525 13,750 0.1 0.0 0.1
Dominican 560 260 300 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,125 10,615 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 1,005 480 530 0.1 0.1 0.1 21,975 11,215 10,765 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,565 10,595 9,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian 1,120 600 520 0.2 0.2 0.1 19,685 9,730 9,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Igbo 465 225 235 0.1 0.1 0.1 19,305 9,890 9,415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Byelorussian 535 225 310 0.1 0.1 0.1 18,850 9,055 9,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dene, n.o.s.152 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,745 9,030 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,545 8,975 9,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Abenaki 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,420 8,545 9,870 0.1 0.0 0.1
Moldovan 220 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 8,850 9,340 0.1 0.0 0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 80 55 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,955 8,625 9,330 0.0 0.0 0.1
New Zealander 85 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,755 9,275 8,470 0.0 0.1 0.0
Sudanese 945 460 485 0.1 0.1 0.1 17,485 8,825 8,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,465 8,710 8,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 165 70 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,315 7,300 10,020 0.0 0.0 0.1
Malaysian 605 275 330 0.1 0.1 0.1 17,050 7,935 9,115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plains Cree 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,570 8,255 8,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 290 140 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,315 8,565 7,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,910 7,715 8,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,780 7,505 8,280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 705 345 360 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,660 7,485 8,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,650 7,290 8,360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,340 8,155 7,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 720 310 410 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,055 7,180 7,875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 245 130 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,010 7,255 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,265 6,730 7,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,260 6,525 7,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,110 6,810 7,295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 25 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,910 7,435 6,470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 340 175 165 0.0 0.1 0.0 13,840 6,730 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 805 410 400 0.1 0.1 0.1 13,755 7,020 6,730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 515 245 280 0.1 0.1 0.1 13,565 6,510 7,055 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,525 6,610 6,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 580 255 325 0.1 0.1 0.1 13,245 5,800 7,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 1,360 710 655 0.2 0.2 0.2 13,225 7,055 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,095 6,530 6,565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 50 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,065 6,175 6,885 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 100 60 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 6,150 6,740 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 665 335 330 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,890 5,965 6,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 965 465 490 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,490 6,580 5,910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 725 370 355 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,115 6,080 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 840 415 430 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,080 5,905 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 190 125 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,710 5,980 5,730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 195 85 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,920 5,370 5,550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,825 5,080 5,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 65 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,750 5,130 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 840 375 470 0.1 0.1 0.1 10,490 4,710 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 75 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,275 4,950 5,325 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 125 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,015 4,975 5,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,955 5,115 4,840 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 110 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,915 5,165 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 175 95 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,835 5,135 4,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 1,205 650 555 0.2 0.2 0.2 9,825 5,195 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 510 255 250 0.1 0.1 0.1 9,795 4,725 5,065 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 2,125 1,045 1,080 0.3 0.3 0.3 9,700 4,710 4,990 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 135 90 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,455 4,705 4,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 310 160 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,350 4,650 4,700 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 195 100 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,165 4,435 4,725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 230 105 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,150 4,385 4,760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 275 170 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,090 4,240 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 640 305 335 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,970 4,235 4,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,400 4,270 4,125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,315 4,220 4,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 620 275 345 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,310 3,765 4,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 170 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,285 3,910 4,375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 70 50 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,255 4,425 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 370 150 215 0.1 0.0 0.1 8,140 3,945 4,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 490 255 230 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,115 3,995 4,130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,080 3,830 4,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 265 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,945 4,265 3,680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 90 50 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,745 4,030 3,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 475 195 280 0.1 0.1 0.1 7,660 3,870 3,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 350 155 190 0.0 0.0 0.1 7,640 3,835 3,805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 145 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,635 3,690 3,950 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,535 3,305 4,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 85 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,480 3,865 3,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,415 3,615 3,800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,390 3,700 3,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 235 105 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,285 3,340 3,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,225 3,355 3,875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,220 3,515 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 125 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,810 3,630 3,180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 740 405 335 0.1 0.1 0.1 6,670 3,730 2,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 160 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,545 3,225 3,320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 165 85 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,500 3,265 3,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 145 55 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 2,945 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,255 3,085 3,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 630 325 305 0.1 0.1 0.1 6,165 3,020 3,145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 180 105 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,060 2,755 3,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,050 3,065 2,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 2,995 2,995 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 330 180 150 0.0 0.1 0.0 5,980 2,965 3,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,945 3,010 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,925 2,855 3,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 712,825 349,880 362,950 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 14,300 6,575 7,725 2.0 1.9 2.1 356,975 157,435 199,540 1.0 0.9 1.1
Christian 355,735 166,755 188,980 49.9 47.7 52.1 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 53.3 50.9 55.7
Christian, n.o.s.162 51,655 23,720 27,935 7.2 6.8 7.7 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 7.6 7.4 7.8
Anabaptist 325 160 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 144,145 70,095 74,050 0.4 0.4 0.4
Anglican 14,605 6,670 7,935 2.0 1.9 2.2 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 3.1 2.9 3.4
Baptist 5,865 2,680 3,185 0.8 0.8 0.9 436,940 200,325 236,615 1.2 1.1 1.3
Catholic 216,650 102,975 113,675 30.4 29.4 31.3 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 29.9 29.0 30.9
Christian Orthodox 25,625 12,390 13,235 3.6 3.5 3.6 623,010 301,055 321,955 1.7 1.7 1.8
Jehovah's Witness 1,905 795 1,110 0.3 0.2 0.3 137,255 59,505 77,750 0.4 0.3 0.4
Latter Day Saints 370 155 210 0.1 0.0 0.1 87,725 41,365 46,360 0.2 0.2 0.3
Lutheran 2,235 1,070 1,170 0.3 0.3 0.3 328,045 150,115 177,925 0.9 0.8 1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 955 410 545 0.1 0.1 0.2 100,655 46,640 54,020 0.3 0.3 0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 8,315 3,670 4,650 1.2 1.0 1.3 399,025 180,870 218,155 1.1 1.0 1.2
Presbyterian 5,900 2,600 3,300 0.8 0.7 0.9 301,400 136,440 164,960 0.8 0.8 0.9
Reformed 385 190 195 0.1 0.1 0.1 79,870 39,250 40,620 0.2 0.2 0.2
United Church 10,595 4,650 5,945 1.5 1.3 1.6 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 3.3 3.0 3.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 10,350 4,615 5,730 1.5 1.3 1.6 745,650 345,540 400,110 2.1 1.9 2.2
Hindu 62,520 31,705 30,805 8.8 9.1 8.5 828,195 430,135 398,060 2.3 2.4 2.2
Jewish 1,380 670 710 0.2 0.2 0.2 335,295 164,220 171,070 0.9 0.9 0.9
Muslim 120,965 61,075 59,880 17.0 17.5 16.5 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 4.9 5.0 4.7
Sikh 24,505 12,645 11,860 3.4 3.6 3.3 771,790 394,345 377,445 2.1 2.2 2.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,685 38,460 42,230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions 4,465 1,895 2,575 0.6 0.5 0.7 229,015 97,645 131,370 0.6 0.5 0.7
No religion and secular perspectives 128,940 68,550 60,390 18.1 19.6 16.6 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 34.6 36.9 32.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 707,075 346,910 360,170 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 633,415 309,810 323,605 89.6 89.3 89.8 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 87.8 87.8 87.8
Movers 73,665 37,095 36,565 10.4 10.7 10.2 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 12.2 12.2 12.2
Non-migrants 40,870 20,605 20,260 5.8 5.9 5.6 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 7.1 7.2 7.1
Migrants 32,795 16,490 16,305 4.6 4.8 4.5 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 5.0 5.0 5.0
Internal migrants 20,565 10,300 10,270 2.9 3.0 2.9 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 4.2 4.2 4.2
Intraprovincial migrants 18,310 9,135 9,180 2.6 2.6 2.5 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 3.5 3.5 3.5
Interprovincial migrants 2,255 1,165 1,090 0.3 0.3 0.3 268,965 135,215 133,750 0.7 0.8 0.7
External migrants 12,230 6,195 6,035 1.7 1.8 1.7 293,955 147,585 146,370 0.8 0.8 0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 681,500 333,955 347,540 100.0 100.0 100.0 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 456,750 221,515 235,235 67.0 66.3 67.7 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 61.0 61.0 61.1
Movers 224,750 112,445 112,305 33.0 33.7 32.3 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 39.0 39.0 38.9
Non-migrants 95,470 47,010 48,460 14.0 14.1 13.9 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 16.7 16.7 16.8
Migrants 129,280 65,430 63,845 19.0 19.6 18.4 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 22.2 22.3 22.2
Internal migrants 66,180 33,250 32,930 9.7 10.0 9.5 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 17.3 17.2 17.4
Intraprovincial migrants 58,050 29,165 28,880 8.5 8.7 8.3 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 14.7 14.5 14.8
Interprovincial migrants 8,130 4,080 4,050 1.2 1.2 1.2 921,345 459,695 461,650 2.7 2.7 2.6
External migrants 63,100 32,190 30,910 9.3 9.6 8.9 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 4.9 5.1 4.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 603,590 293,930 309,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 85,715 41,455 44,255 14.2 14.1 14.3 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 18.0 19.6 16.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 517,875 252,470 265,405 85.8 85.9 85.7 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 82.0 80.4 83.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 392,425 190,630 201,800 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 31,170 16,370 14,795 7.9 8.6 7.3 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 11.6 13.6 9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 361,255 174,250 187,005 92.1 91.4 92.7 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 88.4 86.4 90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 603,595 293,930 309,665 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 80,295 38,365 41,930 13.3 13.1 13.5 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 16.2 17.1 15.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 152,265 75,105 77,160 25.2 25.6 24.9 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 26.7 27.1 26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 371,030 180,455 190,575 61.5 61.4 61.5 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 57.2 55.9 58.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 140,395 69,350 71,040 23.3 23.6 22.9 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 30.5 31.1 29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 22,470 15,685 6,785 3.7 5.3 2.2 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 8.7 12.2 5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 12,560 8,035 4,525 2.1 2.7 1.5 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 4.8 5.6 4.1
Apprenticeship certificate169 9,915 7,645 2,270 1.6 2.6 0.7 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 3.9 6.6 1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 99,290 45,265 54,020 16.4 15.4 17.4 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 18.8 16.4 21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 18,635 8,405 10,225 3.1 2.9 3.3 896,755 372,560 524,195 3.0 2.5 3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher 230,635 111,100 119,535 38.2 37.8 38.6 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 26.7 24.8 28.5
Bachelor's degree 150,240 70,305 79,935 24.9 23.9 25.8 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 17.5 15.7 19.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 14,805 7,085 7,720 2.5 2.4 2.5 556,510 243,200 313,310 1.8 1.6 2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 6,385 2,840 3,545 1.1 1.0 1.1 214,105 108,000 106,105 0.7 0.7 0.7
Master's degree 53,970 27,540 26,430 8.9 9.4 8.5 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 5.7 5.5 5.9
Earned doctorate171 5,235 3,325 1,910 0.9 1.1 0.6 279,660 165,795 113,870 0.9 1.1 0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 392,425 190,625 201,800 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 28,030 14,815 13,215 7.1 7.8 6.5 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 9.9 11.4 8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 78,470 40,065 38,405 20.0 21.0 19.0 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 23.0 24.4 21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 285,925 135,740 150,185 72.9 71.2 74.4 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 67.1 64.2 70.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 100,800 48,525 52,275 25.7 25.5 25.9 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 34.3 34.7 33.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 14,275 9,840 4,440 3.6 5.2 2.2 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 9.6 13.3 6.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 7,945 4,985 2,960 2.0 2.6 1.5 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 5.4 6.1 4.7
Apprenticeship certificate169 6,335 4,855 1,480 1.6 2.5 0.7 836,220 693,830 142,395 4.3 7.2 1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 73,650 33,000 40,655 18.8 17.3 20.1 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 21.4 18.7 24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 12,870 5,690 7,180 3.3 3.0 3.6 623,090 261,035 362,050 3.2 2.7 3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher 185,125 87,220 97,905 47.2 45.8 48.5 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 32.9 29.5 36.1
Bachelor's degree 117,405 54,135 63,275 29.9 28.4 31.4 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 21.3 18.8 23.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 11,615 5,300 6,320 3.0 2.8 3.1 430,875 179,230 251,645 2.2 1.9 2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 5,270 2,220 3,045 1.3 1.2 1.5 167,730 75,120 92,615 0.9 0.8 0.9
Master's degree 46,915 23,305 23,610 12.0 12.2 11.7 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 7.4 6.9 7.9
Earned doctorate171 3,925 2,265 1,660 1.0 1.2 0.8 209,445 115,530 93,915 1.1 1.2 0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 603,595 293,925 309,665 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 232,560 113,475 119,090 38.5 38.6 38.5 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 42.8 44.1 41.6
Education 16,285 2,885 13,400 2.7 1.0 4.3 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5
13. Education 16,285 2,885 13,400 2.7 1.0 4.3 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 11,500 4,615 6,885 1.9 1.6 2.2 631,255 274,065 357,190 2.1 1.8 2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 1,255 870 390 0.2 0.3 0.1 74,785 53,390 21,395 0.2 0.4 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 10,245 3,750 6,495 1.7 1.3 2.1 556,470 220,680 335,790 1.8 1.5 2.2
Humanities 20,955 6,080 14,880 3.5 2.1 4.8 926,560 354,120 572,440 3.1 2.4 3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 2,275 430 1,845 0.4 0.1 0.6 106,345 23,460 82,885 0.4 0.2 0.5
23. English language and literature/letters 5,070 1,090 3,980 0.8 0.4 1.3 184,600 53,020 131,580 0.6 0.4 0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 8,405 2,345 6,060 1.4 0.8 2.0 316,050 119,215 196,830 1.0 0.8 1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 415 165 250 0.1 0.1 0.1 18,935 6,835 12,095 0.1 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 1,165 505 655 0.2 0.2 0.2 57,745 33,040 24,700 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 875 535 345 0.1 0.2 0.1 77,510 46,140 31,365 0.3 0.3 0.2
54. History 2,110 945 1,160 0.3 0.3 0.4 108,935 58,310 50,620 0.4 0.4 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 650 65 580 0.1 0.0 0.2 56,440 14,090 42,345 0.2 0.1 0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law 45,905 15,190 30,720 7.6 5.2 9.9 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 6.6 4.5 8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 460 90 365 0.1 0.0 0.1 29,430 7,065 22,365 0.1 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 5,165 1,940 3,220 0.9 0.7 1.0 233,400 88,205 145,200 0.8 0.6 0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 6,885 605 6,280 1.1 0.2 2.0 344,150 27,905 316,240 1.1 0.2 2.0
22. Legal professions and studies 7,270 2,580 4,695 1.2 0.9 1.5 325,785 115,335 210,445 1.1 0.8 1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 945 300 655 0.2 0.1 0.2 49,855 16,000 33,850 0.2 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 6,385 1,400 4,985 1.1 0.5 1.6 327,965 79,295 248,665 1.1 0.5 1.6
45. Social sciences 18,800 8,280 10,525 3.1 2.8 3.4 705,540 336,960 368,580 2.3 2.3 2.4
Business, management and public administration 96,290 44,420 51,865 16.0 15.1 16.7 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 12.4 10.0 14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,335 1,705 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 4,050 855 3,195 0.7 0.3 1.0 272,240 55,995 216,245 0.9 0.4 1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 92,115 43,510 48,610 15.3 14.8 15.7 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 11.5 9.6 13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies 20,495 8,910 11,580 3.4 3.0 3.7 719,715 353,540 366,175 2.4 2.4 2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 8,070 2,930 5,140 1.3 1.0 1.7 297,055 121,615 175,435 1.0 0.8 1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 5,710 2,395 3,320 0.9 0.8 1.1 155,955 72,245 83,705 0.5 0.5 0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 485 125 360 0.1 0.0 0.1 35,380 14,950 20,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
40. Physical sciences 5,500 3,210 2,290 0.9 1.1 0.7 196,620 130,745 65,875 0.6 0.9 0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians 725 250 475 0.1 0.1 0.2 34,710 13,985 20,730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 27,715 18,035 9,680 4.6 6.1 3.1 804,230 531,435 272,795 2.7 3.6 1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 22,495 15,350 7,140 3.7 5.2 2.3 643,145 454,370 188,775 2.1 3.1 1.2
25. Library science 555 65 495 0.1 0.0 0.2 43,085 7,100 35,985 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 3,920 2,115 1,800 0.6 0.7 0.6 99,360 57,560 41,800 0.3 0.4 0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 750 505 245 0.1 0.2 0.1 18,640 12,400 6,240 0.1 0.1 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 71,895 60,780 11,110 11.9 20.7 3.6 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 11.6 21.1 2.4
04. Architecture and related services 3,545 2,195 1,345 0.6 0.7 0.4 135,020 81,930 53,090 0.4 0.6 0.3
14. Engineering 36,150 28,610 7,535 6.0 9.7 2.4 900,475 723,080 177,395 3.0 4.9 1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 13,540 11,765 1,780 2.2 4.0 0.6 726,155 638,355 87,800 2.4 4.3 0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 190 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 7,195 7,010 185 1.2 2.4 0.1 703,905 683,060 20,845 2.3 4.6 0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 7,525 7,390 125 1.2 2.5 0.0 659,480 640,895 18,590 2.2 4.3 0.1
48. Precision production 3,925 3,795 125 0.7 1.3 0.0 380,505 363,710 16,795 1.3 2.4 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 4,515 2,245 2,270 0.7 0.8 0.7 407,545 234,360 173,175 1.3 1.6 1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 3,035 1,515 1,520 0.5 0.5 0.5 262,580 140,520 122,070 0.9 0.9 0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation 1,475 730 750 0.2 0.2 0.2 144,960 93,845 51,115 0.5 0.6 0.3
Health and related fields 42,145 10,725 31,420 7.0 3.6 10.1 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 8.1 3.3 12.7
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 3,210 1,755 1,460 0.5 0.6 0.5 180,785 89,005 91,780 0.6 0.6 0.6
51. Health professions and related programs178 37,475 8,300 29,175 6.2 2.8 9.4 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 7.2 2.4 11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 85 25 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 1,425 3,825 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 1,370 640 730 0.2 0.2 0.2 64,030 34,630 29,400 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 13,215 6,525 6,695 2.2 2.2 2.2 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 3.3 3.5 3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 7,370 2,235 5,140 1.2 0.8 1.7 548,520 151,115 397,410 1.8 1.0 2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 45 40 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,965 3,520 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 80 80 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,900 6,210 690 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 3,740 2,430 1,315 0.6 0.8 0.4 227,835 160,930 66,905 0.8 1.1 0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving 1,975 1,745 230 0.3 0.6 0.1 219,205 199,190 20,010 0.7 1.3 0.1
Other179 115 45 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 1,640 3,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 392,425 190,625 201,800 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 106,500 54,885 51,620 27.1 28.8 25.6 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0
Education 11,560 1,965 9,595 2.9 1.0 4.8 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9
13. Education 11,560 1,965 9,595 2.9 1.0 4.8 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 8,915 3,535 5,385 2.3 1.9 2.7 490,455 210,500 279,955 2.5 2.2 2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 885 610 275 0.2 0.3 0.1 54,645 38,170 16,475 0.3 0.4 0.2
50. Visual and performing arts 8,035 2,920 5,110 2.0 1.5 2.5 435,815 172,330 263,480 2.2 1.8 2.6
Humanities 15,740 4,380 11,360 4.0 2.3 5.6 649,695 241,235 408,465 3.3 2.5 4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 1,635 290 1,345 0.4 0.2 0.7 79,235 16,400 62,835 0.4 0.2 0.6
23. English language and literature/letters 3,930 820 3,110 1.0 0.4 1.5 134,815 37,610 97,210 0.7 0.4 1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 6,355 1,685 4,665 1.6 0.9 2.3 216,725 80,505 136,220 1.1 0.8 1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 295 120 175 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,910 4,540 8,370 0.1 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 875 380 495 0.2 0.2 0.2 41,640 23,645 17,990 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 600 330 270 0.2 0.2 0.1 48,920 29,245 19,675 0.2 0.3 0.2
54. History 1,580 710 880 0.4 0.4 0.4 78,415 40,800 37,615 0.4 0.4 0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 475 50 425 0.1 0.0 0.2 37,045 8,490 28,555 0.2 0.1 0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law 35,395 11,250 24,145 9.0 5.9 12.0 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 8.1 5.2 10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 360 55 310 0.1 0.0 0.2 23,895 5,520 18,370 0.1 0.1 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 4,080 1,495 2,580 1.0 0.8 1.3 196,475 72,125 124,350 1.0 0.7 1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 5,075 425 4,650 1.3 0.2 2.3 270,970 20,095 250,875 1.4 0.2 2.5
22. Legal professions and studies 5,945 1,935 4,000 1.5 1.0 2.0 261,265 82,850 178,420 1.3 0.9 1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 690 225 465 0.2 0.1 0.2 37,830 12,160 25,670 0.2 0.1 0.3
42. Psychology 4,965 1,045 3,925 1.3 0.5 1.9 249,205 55,840 193,365 1.3 0.6 1.9
45. Social sciences 14,285 6,070 8,215 3.6 3.2 4.1 549,090 254,250 294,840 2.8 2.6 3.0
Business, management and public administration 77,165 34,975 42,190 19.7 18.3 20.9 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 15.0 11.9 18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,995 1,335 2,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 3,250 675 2,570 0.8 0.4 1.3 213,140 40,230 172,910 1.1 0.4 1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 73,815 34,255 39,565 18.8 18.0 19.6 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 13.9 11.4 16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies 14,800 6,070 8,730 3.8 3.2 4.3 513,555 241,780 271,785 2.6 2.5 2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 5,935 2,075 3,855 1.5 1.1 1.9 227,460 90,390 137,075 1.2 0.9 1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 4,130 1,695 2,435 1.1 0.9 1.2 108,350 48,075 60,280 0.6 0.5 0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 395 95 300 0.1 0.0 0.1 14,270 5,690 8,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
40. Physical sciences 3,820 2,045 1,775 1.0 1.1 0.9 140,510 88,540 51,970 0.7 0.9 0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians 520 155 365 0.1 0.1 0.2 22,960 9,090 13,870 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 23,755 15,380 8,380 6.1 8.1 4.2 667,305 445,970 221,330 3.4 4.6 2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 19,785 13,395 6,385 5.0 7.0 3.2 554,185 392,835 161,350 2.8 4.1 1.6
25. Library science 365 50 315 0.1 0.0 0.2 27,610 4,720 22,885 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 2,945 1,495 1,455 0.8 0.8 0.7 70,940 39,000 31,940 0.4 0.4 0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 665 445 220 0.2 0.2 0.1 14,565 9,415 5,155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 52,980 43,585 9,400 13.5 22.9 4.7 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 13.3 23.8 3.2
04. Architecture and related services 2,735 1,625 1,105 0.7 0.9 0.5 105,845 61,230 44,605 0.5 0.6 0.4
14. Engineering 28,390 21,810 6,580 7.2 11.4 3.3 724,235 568,385 155,850 3.7 5.9 1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 9,660 8,210 1,460 2.5 4.3 0.7 536,600 464,510 72,090 2.7 4.8 0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 160 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 4,845 4,735 115 1.2 2.5 0.1 510,105 493,000 17,100 2.6 5.1 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 4,905 4,850 55 1.2 2.5 0.0 467,225 452,385 14,840 2.4 4.7 0.1
48. Precision production 2,430 2,345 80 0.6 1.2 0.0 266,690 253,110 13,585 1.4 2.6 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 3,300 1,565 1,735 0.8 0.8 0.9 314,120 170,440 143,680 1.6 1.8 1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 2,120 985 1,135 0.5 0.5 0.6 199,335 99,700 99,635 1.0 1.0 1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation 1,180 585 595 0.3 0.3 0.3 114,780 70,745 44,040 0.6 0.7 0.4
Health and related fields 32,480 8,230 24,245 8.3 4.3 12.0 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 9.4 3.9 14.8
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 2,185 1,235 945 0.6 0.6 0.5 139,280 67,885 71,385 0.7 0.7 0.7
51. Health professions and related programs178 29,165 6,500 22,665 7.4 3.4 11.2 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 8.4 2.9 13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 945 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 1,040 465 575 0.3 0.2 0.3 48,115 23,255 24,860 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 9,740 4,790 4,950 2.5 2.5 2.5 772,450 399,835 372,615 3.9 4.2 3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 5,475 1,620 3,855 1.4 0.8 1.9 414,520 112,935 301,590 2.1 1.2 3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,955 2,575 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 35 35 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,850 3,415 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 2,810 1,865 945 0.7 1.0 0.5 183,025 128,295 54,725 0.9 1.3 0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving 1,395 1,250 150 0.4 0.7 0.1 168,105 152,620 15,485 0.9 1.6 0.2
Other179 85 20 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,075 1,150 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 392,425 190,625 201,800 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 106,500 54,885 51,620 27.1 28.8 25.6 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 285,925 135,745 150,180 72.9 71.2 74.4 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 67.1 64.2 70.0
Location of study inside Canada 165,130 78,780 86,350 42.1 41.3 42.8 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 53.6 51.2 55.9
Same as province or territory of residence 154,900 73,590 81,310 39.5 38.6 40.3 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 47.3 44.9 49.5
Different than province or territory of residence 10,235 5,190 5,040 2.6 2.7 2.5 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 6.3 6.3 6.4
Location of study outside Canada182 120,795 56,965 63,830 30.8 29.9 31.6 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 13.5 13.0 14.0
Americas 14,140 7,285 6,850 3.6 3.8 3.4 483,810 238,040 245,775 2.5 2.5 2.5
United States of America 7,865 4,460 3,405 2.0 2.3 1.7 279,005 143,575 135,435 1.4 1.5 1.4
Mexico 725 310 420 0.2 0.2 0.2 36,400 16,175 20,230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cuba 335 180 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,345 4,275 4,070 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,620 5,645 4,970 0.1 0.1 0.0
Jamaica 705 285 425 0.2 0.1 0.2 12,780 6,110 6,670 0.1 0.1 0.1
Brazil 715 310 405 0.2 0.2 0.2 40,050 18,445 21,605 0.2 0.2 0.2
Colombia 1,285 560 725 0.3 0.3 0.4 31,165 13,875 17,295 0.2 0.1 0.2
Peru 305 100 205 0.1 0.1 0.1 7,780 3,025 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 430 180 250 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,655 5,330 7,320 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Americas 1,760 900 860 0.4 0.5 0.4 45,000 21,575 23,425 0.2 0.2 0.2
Europe 19,045 9,715 9,330 4.9 5.1 4.6 543,725 281,205 262,520 2.8 2.9 2.6
Belgium 100 60 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,795 4,260 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 445 230 215 0.1 0.1 0.1 97,770 53,930 43,840 0.5 0.6 0.4
Germany 310 195 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,450 12,070 10,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Netherlands 160 100 60 0.0 0.1 0.0 10,825 6,065 4,765 0.1 0.1 0.0
Switzerland 130 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,470 4,420 4,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 140 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,160 2,465 2,700 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 140 60 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,055 4,165 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 4,260 1,915 2,350 1.1 1.0 1.2 25,215 11,115 14,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romania 1,195 595 600 0.3 0.3 0.3 32,250 16,190 16,060 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian Federation 945 440 510 0.2 0.2 0.3 36,095 16,250 19,845 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ukraine 2,345 1,070 1,270 0.6 0.6 0.6 36,405 16,635 19,775 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ireland96 300 165 135 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,040 9,175 6,865 0.1 0.1 0.1
United Kingdom87 4,830 2,785 2,045 1.2 1.5 1.0 151,900 81,980 69,920 0.8 0.9 0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina 350 185 165 0.1 0.1 0.1 6,030 2,915 3,115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 160 105 60 0.0 0.1 0.0 8,895 5,055 3,840 0.0 0.1 0.0
Serbia86 510 280 235 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,745 4,470 4,280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 2,710 1,390 1,320 0.7 0.7 0.7 60,615 30,055 30,560 0.3 0.3 0.3
Africa 7,200 3,365 3,830 1.8 1.8 1.9 216,815 111,010 105,805 1.1 1.2 1.1
Nigeria 1,080 565 515 0.3 0.3 0.3 33,280 16,395 16,880 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algeria 135 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,230 17,020 16,210 0.2 0.2 0.2
Morocco 135 35 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,640 12,125 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisia 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 7,100 5,555 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egypt 4,010 1,895 2,110 1.0 1.0 1.0 30,255 15,145 15,115 0.2 0.2 0.2
South Africa, Republic of 345 170 180 0.1 0.1 0.1 19,060 9,900 9,160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Africa 1,445 600 845 0.4 0.3 0.4 64,700 33,325 31,385 0.3 0.3 0.3
Asia 79,475 36,085 43,390 20.3 18.9 21.5 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 6.9 6.2 7.6
Iran88 675 280 395 0.2 0.1 0.2 66,630 30,180 36,450 0.3 0.3 0.4
Iraq 2,420 1,075 1,345 0.6 0.6 0.7 16,515 8,250 8,265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israel 115 65 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,355 5,725 5,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lebanon 965 460 505 0.2 0.2 0.3 19,565 9,355 10,210 0.1 0.1 0.1
Syria89 1,630 785 845 0.4 0.4 0.4 16,405 7,885 8,520 0.1 0.1 0.1
Turkey 345 190 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 11,855 6,595 5,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
China90 7,260 3,335 3,925 1.9 1.7 1.9 201,100 87,370 113,720 1.0 0.9 1.1
Taiwan 290 105 180 0.1 0.1 0.1 14,520 4,750 9,770 0.1 0.0 0.1
Hong Kong91 585 270 315 0.1 0.1 0.2 18,325 7,445 10,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Japan 385 160 225 0.1 0.1 0.1 18,605 5,280 13,325 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korea, South92 1,295 545 755 0.3 0.3 0.4 53,575 20,575 33,000 0.3 0.2 0.3
Philippines 10,950 4,120 6,830 2.8 2.2 3.4 305,795 115,370 190,420 1.6 1.2 1.9
Viet Nam 635 245 390 0.2 0.1 0.2 12,500 4,490 8,005 0.1 0.0 0.1
Bangladesh 1,020 425 595 0.3 0.2 0.3 25,000 11,360 13,645 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sri Lanka 1,070 450 620 0.3 0.2 0.3 15,085 7,090 7,995 0.1 0.1 0.1
India 33,070 15,960 17,110 8.4 8.4 8.5 405,850 199,380 206,475 2.1 2.1 2.1
Pakistan 12,165 5,510 6,655 3.1 2.9 3.3 75,155 35,055 40,100 0.4 0.4 0.4
Other locations of study in Asia 4,600 2,105 2,495 1.2 1.1 1.2 64,385 28,650 35,735 0.3 0.3 0.4
Oceania 930 510 420 0.2 0.3 0.2 47,960 24,495 23,460 0.2 0.3 0.2
Australia 825 445 380 0.2 0.2 0.2 38,525 19,270 19,250 0.2 0.2 0.2
New Zealand 85 65 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,785 4,300 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,655 930 730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 603,595 293,930 309,665 ... ... ... 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 ... ... ...
In the labour force 385,915 203,180 182,735 ... ... ... 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 ... ... ...
Employed 332,000 178,160 153,840 ... ... ... 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 ... ... ...
Unemployed 53,920 25,025 28,900 ... ... ... 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 217,670 90,745 126,925 ... ... ... 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 ... ... ...
Participation rate 63.9 69.1 59.0 63.9 69.1 59.0 63.7 67.7 59.8 63.7 67.7 59.8
Employment rate 55.0 60.6 49.7 55.0 60.6 49.7 57.1 60.9 53.4 57.1 60.9 53.4
Unemployment rate 14.0 12.3 15.8 14.0 12.3 15.8 10.3 9.9 10.7 10.3 9.9 10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 603,595 293,925 309,665 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 228,605 97,045 131,565 37.9 33.0 42.5 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 36.7 32.9 40.4
Worked 374,990 196,885 178,105 62.1 67.0 57.5 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 63.3 67.1 59.6
Worked full year full time187 206,735 115,850 90,885 34.3 39.4 29.3 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 33.7 38.3 29.3
Worked part year and/or part time188 168,250 81,035 87,215 27.9 27.6 28.2 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 29.6 28.8 30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year 40.4 41.4 39.4 40.4 41.4 39.4 41.0 41.7 40.3 41.0 41.7 40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 385,915 203,180 182,740 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 14,625 6,740 7,880 3.8 3.3 4.3 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All classes of workers191 371,295 196,440 174,860 96.2 96.7 95.7 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
Employee 315,540 158,960 156,585 81.8 78.2 85.7 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 83.4 80.9 86.1
Permanent position 265,785 135,880 129,905 68.9 66.9 71.1 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 69.6 68.3 70.9
Temporary position 49,760 23,075 26,680 12.9 11.4 14.6 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 13.8 12.7 15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more) 17,885 8,340 9,545 4.6 4.1 5.2 867,740 386,965 480,775 4.5 3.8 5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 31,870 14,740 17,135 8.3 7.3 9.4 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 9.3 8.8 9.9
Self-employed192 55,755 37,480 18,270 14.4 18.4 10.0 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 14.1 16.7 11.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 385,915 203,180 182,740 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 14,625 6,740 7,880 3.8 3.3 4.3 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All occupations191 371,295 196,440 174,860 96.2 96.7 95.7 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 4,955 3,545 1,410 1.3 1.7 0.8 254,760 177,450 77,315 1.3 1.8 0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 82,165 30,460 51,705 21.3 15.0 28.3 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 17.1 10.6 24.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 48,950 36,505 12,445 12.7 18.0 6.8 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 8.2 11.9 4.2
3 Health occupations 23,720 5,615 18,105 6.1 2.8 9.9 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 7.8 3.0 13.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 34,620 10,620 24,005 9.0 5.2 13.1 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 12.0 7.5 17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 9,330 4,340 4,985 2.4 2.1 2.7 596,785 275,420 321,360 3.1 2.7 3.5
6 Sales and service occupations 90,300 41,455 48,850 23.4 20.4 26.7 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 23.9 20.6 27.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 56,875 50,440 6,435 14.7 24.8 3.5 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 16.8 29.3 3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 2,295 1,860 435 0.6 0.9 0.2 541,235 416,960 124,270 2.8 4.1 1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 18,080 11,595 6,485 4.7 5.7 3.5 857,540 612,415 245,120 4.4 6.1 2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 385,915 203,180 182,740 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 14,625 6,740 7,880 3.8 3.3 4.3 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All industries191 371,295 196,440 174,860 96.2 96.7 95.7 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 690 335 355 0.2 0.2 0.2 434,800 295,160 139,640 2.3 2.9 1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 545 370 180 0.1 0.2 0.1 239,030 195,605 43,425 1.2 1.9 0.5
22 Utilities 1,805 1,230 580 0.5 0.6 0.3 147,750 109,475 38,270 0.8 1.1 0.4
23 Construction 23,065 19,635 3,430 6.0 9.7 1.9 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 7.6 12.6 2.2
31-33 Manufacturing 34,185 22,925 11,260 8.9 11.3 6.2 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 8.0 10.9 4.8
41 Wholesale trade 19,520 11,220 8,305 5.1 5.5 4.5 610,295 406,960 203,335 3.2 4.0 2.2
44-45 Retail trade 42,635 21,055 21,585 11.0 10.4 11.8 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 11.1 10.2 12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 28,765 20,565 8,200 7.5 10.1 4.5 981,030 742,515 238,515 5.1 7.4 2.6
51 Information and cultural industries 9,985 6,130 3,860 2.6 3.0 2.1 400,460 237,940 162,520 2.1 2.4 1.8
52 Finance and insurance 28,545 13,615 14,930 7.4 6.7 8.2 815,225 358,145 457,080 4.2 3.6 4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 8,800 4,805 3,990 2.3 2.4 2.2 343,940 186,230 157,710 1.8 1.9 1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 46,330 27,865 18,460 12.0 13.7 10.1 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 8.1 8.7 7.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises 2,070 840 1,235 0.5 0.4 0.7 45,455 21,495 23,955 0.2 0.2 0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 17,160 9,250 7,905 4.4 4.6 4.3 792,600 457,880 334,725 4.1 4.6 3.6
61 Educational services 23,330 6,850 16,485 6.0 3.4 9.0 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 7.3 4.3 10.6
62 Health care and social assistance 36,230 7,465 28,765 9.4 3.7 15.7 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 12.7 4.7 21.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 4,520 2,460 2,055 1.2 1.2 1.1 350,710 180,205 170,500 1.8 1.8 1.8
72 Accommodation and food services 17,960 7,950 10,015 4.7 3.9 5.5 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 5.6 4.8 6.6
81 Other services (except public administration) 12,585 5,825 6,755 3.3 2.9 3.7 797,935 373,775 424,165 4.1 3.7 4.6
91 Public administration 12,565 6,060 6,495 3.3 3.0 3.6 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 6.2 6.0 6.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 407,720 213,305 194,410 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 372,730 196,180 176,550 91.4 92.0 90.8 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 72.4 73.0 71.8
French 625 165 460 0.2 0.1 0.2 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 15.3 14.9 15.8
Non-official language 4,415 2,320 2,095 1.1 1.1 1.1 169,205 89,515 79,685 0.8 0.8 0.8
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,935 3,590 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 4,415 2,320 2,095 1.1 1.1 1.1 162,265 85,925 76,345 0.8 0.8 0.8
English and French 5,885 2,050 3,835 1.4 1.0 2.0 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 8.2 8.0 8.3
English and non-official language(s) 23,060 12,160 10,905 5.7 5.7 5.6 570,220 291,000 279,220 2.8 2.7 2.8
French and non-official language(s) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,935 9,955 10,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 695 270 425 0.2 0.1 0.2 69,340 34,190 35,145 0.3 0.3 0.4
Multiple non-official languages 290 155 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 11,265 5,960 5,305 0.1 0.1 0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 407,720 213,305 194,410 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 402,080 210,520 191,560 98.6 98.7 98.5 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 97.8 97.8 97.8
Official languages 393,335 206,105 187,230 96.5 96.6 96.3 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 96.3 96.3 96.3
English 391,975 205,765 186,205 96.1 96.5 95.8 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 77.0 77.4 76.5
French 1,360 340 1,025 0.3 0.2 0.5 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 19.3 18.9 19.7
Non-official languages 8,750 4,420 4,330 2.1 2.1 2.2 310,455 161,825 148,635 1.5 1.5 1.5
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,435 9,725 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,600 6,020 5,575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,115 4,715 4,400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 585 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 3,170 2,815 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,695 2,500 2,205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 875 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 435 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 430 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,585 830 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 490 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 340 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610 295 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 410 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 410 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 535 255 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,630 3,200 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,605 3,200 3,405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 50 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 8,750 4,420 4,330 2.1 2.1 2.2 291,025 152,095 138,925 1.4 1.4 1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages 775 455 325 0.2 0.2 0.2 9,265 5,300 3,955 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 185 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 155 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 760 440 315 0.2 0.2 0.2 8,785 5,080 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 730 420 310 0.2 0.2 0.2 7,190 4,250 2,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 325 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 240 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 70 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 240 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 165 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 555 265 285 0.1 0.1 0.1 9,770 4,135 5,635 0.0 0.0 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 495 215 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 555 265 285 0.1 0.1 0.1 9,260 3,905 5,350 0.0 0.0 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 150 60 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,760 2,180 2,580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 140 60 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,205 1,895 2,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 185 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375 170 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 165 70 100 0.0 0.0 0.1 3,010 1,410 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 140 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 130 55 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,685 1,255 1,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 3,850 1,975 1,865 0.9 0.9 1.0 112,395 64,055 48,335 0.5 0.6 0.5
Albanian 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 170 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 295 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 1,270 585 685 0.3 0.3 0.4 10,085 4,390 5,695 0.0 0.0 0.1
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 15 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 1,265 585 685 0.3 0.3 0.4 9,995 4,375 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.1
Bulgarian 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 55 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 60 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 690 325 370 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,265 1,000 1,265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 165 60 105 0.0 0.0 0.1 5,240 2,085 3,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 100 70 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 485 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 25 25 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 95 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 280 115 160 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,265 620 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,250 8,060 6,190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,480 5,695 4,790 0.1 0.1 0.0
German 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,615 3,655 2,970 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,560 1,405 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 520 530 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,540 2,245 1,290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 965 515 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 420 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 1,275 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 445 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 1,600 910 690 0.4 0.4 0.4 55,455 32,965 22,490 0.3 0.3 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages 1,550 880 670 0.4 0.4 0.3 48,020 28,910 19,100 0.2 0.3 0.2
Bengali 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 290 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,115 515 600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 155 95 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,235 1,145 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 790 505 280 0.2 0.2 0.1 40,840 25,480 15,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 80 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 510 235 275 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,725 1,265 1,465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,430 4,045 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 145 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,110 3,825 3,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 445 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,715 2,980 2,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 595 400 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 890 440 450 0.2 0.2 0.2 30,795 17,685 13,105 0.1 0.2 0.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 730 900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 335 200 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 6,970 4,070 2,895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 375 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 480 205 285 0.1 0.1 0.1 21,455 12,465 8,990 0.1 0.1 0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,560 1,225 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 280 135 145 0.1 0.1 0.1 14,345 7,125 7,225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 210 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 795 1,210 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,590 620 970 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 110 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 2,810 1,390 1,420 0.7 0.7 0.7 128,375 64,180 64,190 0.6 0.6 0.6
Chinese languages 2,810 1,390 1,420 0.7 0.7 0.7 128,045 63,990 64,055 0.6 0.6 0.6
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 2,085 990 1,090 0.5 0.5 0.6 76,040 37,760 38,280 0.4 0.4 0.4
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 210 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 705 380 320 0.2 0.2 0.2 50,950 25,725 25,225 0.2 0.2 0.3
Chinese, n.o.s. 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 240 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 175 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 85 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 310 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,345 695 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 660 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 215 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 25 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 5,635 2,785 2,850 1.4 1.3 1.5 453,880 231,205 222,675 2.2 2.2 2.2
English and French 1,205 410 800 0.3 0.2 0.4 321,975 163,305 158,675 1.6 1.5 1.6
English and non-official language(s) 4,275 2,310 1,965 1.0 1.1 1.0 115,955 60,210 55,745 0.6 0.6 0.6
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,280 2,795 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 75 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,405 3,795 3,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,100 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 407,720 213,305 194,410 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 382,635 201,070 181,565 93.8 94.3 93.4 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 90.6 90.8 90.5
English 4,345 1,905 2,440 1.1 0.9 1.3 902,625 474,755 427,875 4.4 4.4 4.3
French 4,090 1,510 2,575 1.0 0.7 1.3 589,755 288,955 300,800 2.9 2.7 3.0
Non-official language 13,100 6,985 6,110 3.2 3.3 3.1 331,375 168,035 163,335 1.6 1.6 1.6
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 7,740 10,450 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 13,100 6,985 6,110 3.2 3.3 3.1 313,185 160,295 152,885 1.5 1.5 1.5
English and French 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,940 1,445 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 475 230 245 0.1 0.1 0.1 33,125 15,680 17,445 0.2 0.1 0.2
French and non-official language(s) 465 190 275 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,615 11,475 11,135 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 210 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 2,590 1,390 1,195 0.6 0.7 0.6 50,740 25,425 25,315 0.2 0.2 0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 331,995 178,160 153,845 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 111,685 54,295 57,390 33.6 30.5 37.3 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 24.3 22.1 26.8
Worked outside Canada 1,970 1,415 555 0.6 0.8 0.4 58,335 40,295 18,035 0.3 0.4 0.2
No fixed workplace address 37,480 27,985 9,490 11.3 15.7 6.2 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 12.7 18.3 6.6
Usual place of work 180,870 94,460 86,405 54.5 53.0 56.2 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 62.6 59.1 66.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 180,870 94,460 86,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 106,490 51,600 54,890 58.9 54.6 63.5 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 59.0 55.5 62.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 13,235 8,050 5,185 7.3 8.5 6.0 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 21.6 22.1 21.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 60,820 34,625 26,190 33.6 36.7 30.3 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 18.5 21.3 15.8
Commute to a different province or territory 325 185 135 0.2 0.2 0.2 98,060 60,210 37,850 0.9 1.1 0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 218,345 122,445 95,900 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 180,545 106,435 74,110 82.7 86.9 77.3 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 83.9 86.4 81.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver 162,185 100,155 62,030 74.3 81.8 64.7 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 77.5 81.5 72.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 18,365 6,280 12,085 8.4 5.1 12.6 844,155 343,100 501,050 6.5 4.9 8.3
Public transit 24,890 10,415 14,480 11.4 8.5 15.1 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 7.7 6.0 9.6
Walked 6,350 2,555 3,800 2.9 2.1 4.0 672,815 296,610 376,205 5.2 4.2 6.2
Bicycle 715 535 180 0.3 0.4 0.2 138,615 92,195 46,415 1.1 1.3 0.8
Other method 5,845 2,515 3,335 2.7 2.1 3.5 285,820 144,225 141,595 2.2 2.1 2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 218,345 122,445 95,900 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 41,835 19,835 22,000 19.2 16.2 22.9 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 32.0 28.4 36.2
15 to 29 minutes 83,990 46,080 37,910 38.5 37.6 39.5 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 34.8 34.5 35.3
30 to 44 minutes 53,060 32,770 20,290 24.3 26.8 21.2 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 19.1 20.8 17.0
45 to 59 minutes 18,620 11,505 7,115 8.5 9.4 7.4 910,610 542,485 368,125 7.0 7.7 6.1
60 minutes and over 20,845 12,255 8,585 9.5 10.0 9.0 926,120 599,115 327,005 7.1 8.5 5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 218,345 122,445 95,900 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 14,260 10,325 3,935 6.5 8.4 4.1 938,820 701,960 236,865 7.2 10.0 3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 33,810 21,380 12,425 15.5 17.5 13.0 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 17.4 20.9 13.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 48,570 26,455 22,115 22.2 21.6 23.1 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 26.3 25.3 27.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 47,655 23,700 23,950 21.8 19.4 25.0 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 20.8 16.9 25.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 36,895 19,025 17,875 16.9 15.5 18.6 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 12.7 10.6 15.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 37,155 21,555 15,605 17.0 17.6 16.3 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 15.5 16.3 14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 138,965 71,460 67,505 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 11,435 5,845 5,585 8.2 8.2 8.3 897,205 456,120 441,085 12.2 12.1 12.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 127,535 65,615 61,925 91.8 91.8 91.7 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 87.8 87.9 87.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 104,945 54,040 50,900 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 9,225 4,725 4,500 8.8 8.7 8.8 682,190 346,420 335,770 12.7 12.5 12.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 5,965 3,005 2,955 5.7 5.6 5.8 467,685 234,475 233,215 8.7 8.5 8.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 3,260 1,720 1,540 3.1 3.2 3.0 214,500 111,950 102,550 4.0 4.1 3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 95,720 49,315 46,400 91.2 91.3 91.2 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 87.3 87.5 87.1

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 17, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Date modified: