Indigenous Population Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table: Canada [Country]

Population

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Gender Information - gender

Age groups Information - Age

Residence on or off reserve Information - Residence on or off reserve

The table shows indigenous identities (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers), by gender, age groups and residence on or off reserve.
Characteristic	Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Canada [Country] Map : Canada [Country] Related data - Canada
	Total - Gender, Total - Age groups, Total - Residence on or off reserve
	Total - Indigenous identity¹	Indigenous identity²	Single Indigenous responses³	First Nations (North American Indian)	Métis	Inuk (Inuit)	Multiple Indigenous responses⁴	Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁵	Non-Indigenous identity
Age
Total - Average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	36,328,480	1,807,250	1,743,165	1,048,400	624,220	70,540	28,860	35,225	34,521,230
Average age	41.4	33.6	33.6	32.5	35.9	28.9	30.6	40.5	41.8
Median age	41.2	30.8	30.8	29.2	34.0	25.4	27.0	40.4	41.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	30,335,920	1,348,040	1,299,245	764,750	486,620	47,875	20,210	28,580	28,987,880
Married or living common law	17,493,375	611,495	588,575	323,210	243,095	22,275	8,715	14,205	16,881,875
Married	13,596,490	383,365	368,410	189,105	168,325	10,985	5,300	9,655	13,213,130
Living common law	3,896,880	228,135	220,165	134,105	74,770	11,290	3,420	4,550	3,668,745
Not married and not living common law	12,842,550	736,545	710,665	441,545	243,525	25,595	11,500	14,380	12,106,000
Never married	8,793,495	568,620	549,775	349,650	178,405	21,720	9,000	9,845	8,224,875
Separated	726,020	42,120	40,650	23,995	15,670	980	575	890	683,900
Divorced	1,873,615	76,960	73,685	39,450	32,930	1,310	1,295	1,975	1,796,650
Widowed	1,449,415	48,845	46,550	28,445	16,525	1,585	625	1,665	1,400,570
Household and family characteristics
Total - Household and family characteristics including detailed information on stepfamilies for the population in private households - 25% sample data	36,328,480	1,807,250	1,743,165	1,048,400	624,220	70,540	28,860	35,225	34,521,230
Married spouses and common-law partners	17,161,815	603,950	581,350	318,375	240,945	22,025	8,635	13,970	16,557,860
Married spouses	13,264,930	375,815	361,185	184,275	166,175	10,735	5,220	9,420	12,889,110
Common-law partners	3,896,880	228,130	220,165	134,100	74,770	11,290	3,415	4,550	3,668,745
Parents in a one-parent family	1,679,005	145,000	140,750	96,285	38,590	5,875	1,980	2,270	1,534,005
Parents in a one-parent family (men+)⁶	379,855	32,605	31,640	21,540	8,595	1,505	405	560	347,250
Parents in a one-parent family (women+)⁷	1,299,150	112,395	109,115	74,745	29,995	4,370	1,575	1,710	1,186,755
Total - Children in census families	10,639,800	715,570	691,315	430,415	228,200	32,695	12,710	11,550	9,924,235
Living in a two-parent family	7,996,350	407,620	392,730	222,375	149,705	20,650	7,815	7,075	7,588,730
In a non-stepfamily	6,995,925	309,670	298,390	161,740	119,910	16,740	5,920	5,360	6,686,260
In a stepfamily⁸	1,000,420	97,950	94,335	60,635	29,800	3,905	1,895	1,715	902,475
In a simple stepfamily⁹	450,630	35,125	33,785	20,280	12,280	1,220	620	720	415,505
In a simple stepfamily: with a stepparent (man+)⁶	289,570	25,800	24,815	14,860	9,100	855	480	515	263,775
In a simple stepfamily: with a stepparent (woman+)⁷	161,060	9,325	8,970	5,420	3,180	370	150	205	151,735
In a complex stepfamily¹⁰	549,790	62,830	60,560	40,355	17,520	2,685	1,275	995	486,965
In a complex stepfamily: with a stepparent (man+)⁶	207,200	23,715	22,845	15,145	6,800	905	450	415	183,485
In a complex stepfamily: with a stepparent (woman+)⁷	111,830	10,785	10,375	6,695	3,185	490	200	220	101,035
In a complex stepfamily: with two biological or adoptive parents	230,765	28,325	27,340	18,520	7,535	1,285	625	365	202,440
Living in a one-parent family	2,547,735	281,055	272,455	186,960	74,455	11,040	4,535	4,070	2,266,680
Living in a one-parent family: with a parent (man+)⁶	543,830	61,290	59,325	40,405	15,995	2,920	880	1,080	482,535
Living in a one-parent family: with a parent (woman+)⁷	2,003,900	219,765	213,125	146,555	58,455	8,115	3,655	2,985	1,784,135
Living with at least one grandparent and without parents	95,720	26,895	26,130	21,085	4,040	1,005	360	405	68,825
Living with at least one grandparent and without parents: with two grandparents	43,550	11,620	11,275	8,825	1,885	565	185	165	31,930
Living with at least one grandparent and without parents: with one grandparent	52,175	15,275	14,855	12,260	2,155	435	175	240	36,895
Total - Persons not in census families	6,847,855	342,730	329,755	203,325	116,480	9,945	5,530	7,440	6,505,130
Foster children	43,535	19,650	19,185	15,530	2,685	970	335	120	23,885
Persons living with other relatives	887,425	65,205	63,290	46,125	14,345	2,820	845	1,070	822,220
Persons living with non-relatives only	1,522,400	77,480	74,550	45,420	27,525	1,605	1,385	1,545	1,444,925
Persons living alone	4,394,495	180,400	172,730	96,255	71,925	4,550	2,970	4,700	4,214,095
Registered or Treaty Indian status
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	36,328,480	1,807,250	1,743,165	1,048,400	624,220	70,540	28,860	35,225	34,521,230
Registered or Treaty Indian¹²	831,720	831,720	793,055	753,115	39,115	835	7,405	31,255	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	35,496,760	975,530	950,105	295,290	585,110	69,705	21,450	3,975	34,521,230
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹³	36,328,480	1,807,250	1,743,165	1,048,400	624,220	70,540	28,860	35,225	34,521,230
Indigenous ancestry (only)¹⁴	985,195	874,310	856,050	637,640	164,680	53,725	9,385	8,880	110,885
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)¹⁵	963,710	854,300	840,805	630,975	157,145	52,680	4,695	8,800	109,410
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	763,230	672,165	660,605	627,440	31,450	1,710	2,980	8,580	91,065
Métis single ancestry	146,005	129,690	128,110	3,040	124,975	90	1,410	170	16,315
Inuit single ancestry	54,470	52,440	52,090	495	715	50,880	305	45	2,030
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)¹⁶	21,490	20,015	15,245	6,660	7,540	1,045	4,690	80	1,475
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	17,665	16,410	12,895	5,850	7,040	10	3,455	60	1,255
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	2,435	2,305	1,585	710	80	790	705	20	130
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	1,075	1,005	575	45	345	190	420	0	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	325	300	190	65	75	55	110	0	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries¹⁷	1,219,280	754,500	732,660	346,660	371,640	14,365	17,340	4,495	464,785
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries¹⁸	1,183,355	724,090	709,230	341,225	354,500	13,505	10,425	4,435	459,265
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	801,630	439,025	427,435	336,705	89,860	875	7,440	4,150	362,600
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	362,125	270,955	268,020	4,305	263,625	80	2,660	275	91,170
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,595	14,110	13,775	215	1,010	12,545	320	15	5,485
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries¹⁹	35,930	30,405	23,435	5,435	17,140	860	6,915	60	5,525
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	31,815	27,190	21,340	4,785	16,540	20	5,795	50	4,625
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,785	2,115	1,530	595	220	715	580	10	670
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,005	825	430	10	315	105	395	0	180
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	330	275	130	55	65	20	145	0	50
Non-Indigenous ancestry only²⁰	34,124,000	178,445	154,455	64,100	87,900	2,450	2,130	21,855	33,945,555
Indigenous ancestry responses
Total - Indigenous ancestry responses for the population in private households - 25% sample data²¹	36,328,480	1,807,250	1,743,165	1,048,400	624,220	70,540	28,860	35,225	34,521,230
North American Indigenous origins	2,204,475	1,628,805	1,588,710	984,300	536,320	68,090	26,725	13,370	575,670
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.²²	194,840	115,675	112,360	87,335	23,850	1,170	1,480	1,835	79,165
First Nations (North American Indian) origins	1,426,945	1,045,500	1,014,685	890,165	121,500	3,025	19,765	11,045	381,450
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.²³	632,340	445,545	432,755	398,765	33,440	550	8,780	4,010	186,795
Abenaki	18,420	5,320	5,075	3,280	1,800	0	125	115	13,095
Anishinaabe origins	189,715	150,910	146,760	125,925	20,705	125	2,900	1,255	38,805
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.²⁴	14,260	12,790	12,465	11,195	1,270	0	245	75	1,475
Algonquin	56,070	30,390	28,835	18,425	10,340	70	1,005	545	25,685
Odawa	1,345	1,215	1,205	1,120	85	0	10	0	125
Ojibway	92,215	81,545	79,655	72,360	7,270	25	1,330	555	10,670
Oji-Cree	13,525	13,395	13,285	12,870	390	25	90	25	130
Potawatomi	1,355	1,200	1,185	1,140	40	0	10	0	150
Saulteaux	14,265	13,675	13,380	11,950	1,420	0	260	35	590
Anishinaabe origins, n.i.e.²⁵	790	550	500	220	280	0	25	25	240
Apache	1,265	405	375	290	85	0	30	0	860
Atikamekw	8,395	6,480	6,340	5,890	445	10	45	95	1,925
Blackfoot origins	23,200	18,485	18,105	16,385	1,675	45	250	125	4,715
Blackfoot, n.o.s.²⁶	18,550	14,040	13,740	12,155	1,540	45	220	85	4,505
Blood (Kainai)	3,745	3,590	3,535	3,425	100	0	15	45	155
Piikani	420	415	395	375	20	0	20	0	0
Siksika	410	390	390	385	0	0	0	0	20
Blackfoot origins, n.i.e.²⁷	225	190	190	175	20	0	0	0	30
Cherokee	10,825	3,390	3,230	2,375	840	10	145	15	7,435
Cheyenne	565	275	265	210	55	0	0	0	290
Choctaw	680	250	245	205	35	0	10	0	430
Cree origins	250,330	223,745	218,020	174,070	43,350	605	4,325	1,405	26,575
Cree, n.o.s.²⁸	219,855	193,855	188,730	146,795	41,335	605	3,945	1,180	26,000
Moose Cree	735	655	635	550	80	0	15	0	90
Plains Cree	16,570	16,300	15,965	14,825	1,140	0	220	115	265
Swampy Cree	5,055	4,915	4,765	4,330	435	0	70	80	135
Woodland Cree	7,410	7,310	7,210	6,800	410	0	75	25	100
Cree origins, n.i.e.²⁹	1,205	1,205	1,165	1,160	10	0	30	0	0
Delaware (Lenape)	1,185	935	900	855	40	0	25	10	250
Dene origins	47,565	45,895	44,395	40,445	3,300	650	1,130	370	1,675
Dene, n.o.s.³⁰	18,745	18,360	17,745	16,080	1,535	135	450	160	385
Beaver (Dunne-za)	1,420	1,310	1,290	1,215	70	0	20	0	115
Carrier (Dakelh)	4,815	4,730	4,605	4,550	55	0	95	30	85
Chilcotin (Tsilhqot'in)	2,595	2,460	2,390	2,375	10	0	35	30	140
Chipewyan (Denesuline)	5,355	4,815	4,685	3,630	1,020	35	110	25	535
Dene Tha' (Slavey)	1,700	1,660	1,605	1,505	95	0	50	0	45
Gwich'in	3,230	3,170	2,920	2,205	265	450	230	20	60
Kaska	985	980	970	970	0	0	10	0	10
Sahtú (North Slavey)	385	380	365	295	65	0	15	0	10
Tahltan	2,150	2,120	2,080	2,045	35	0	25	15	30
Tlicho (Dogrib)	2,025	2,000	1,910	1,820	85	0	50	45	25
Tlingit	1,900	1,770	1,750	1,725	15	10	15	0	130
Tse'khene (Sekani)	675	650	630	630	0	0	0	10	25
Tsuut'ina (Sarcee)	320	315	295	265	30	0	20	0	0
Tutchone	1,145	1,145	1,130	1,100	25	0	0	10	0
Wet'suwet'en	1,610	1,560	1,535	1,510	20	0	0	20	50
Dene origins, n.i.e.³¹	675	635	630	605	25	0	10	0	35
Gitxsan	5,075	4,950	4,905	4,900	0	0	20	20	130
Haida	4,725	4,260	4,145	4,045	95	0	80	30	465
Haisla	1,495	1,430	1,400	1,375	15	10	0	35	60
Heiltsuk	1,615	1,580	1,520	1,505	15	0	25	35	35
Huron (Wendat)	15,915	6,980	6,775	4,095	2,675	0	155	55	8,930
Innu origins	28,960	18,620	17,835	13,795	3,310	735	430	355	10,340
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.³²	28,225	17,970	17,270	13,295	3,275	700	385	320	10,255
Naskapi	820	735	650	575	40	30	45	40	90
Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins	55,195	30,855	29,590	24,835	4,715	40	725	535	24,345
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.³³	17,950	6,505	6,175	4,260	1,915	0	190	135	11,450
Cayuga	1,070	905	900	885	20	0	0	0	165
Mohawk	33,330	21,260	20,345	17,580	2,725	40	535	380	12,070
Oneida	2,070	1,765	1,760	1,720	40	0	0	0	310
Tuscarora	555	440	435	425	0	0	0	10	120
Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, n.i.e.³⁴	780	505	495	480	15	0	0	15	275
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	815	725	710	625	80	0	10	10	90
Kwakwaka'wakw origins	2,720	2,590	2,535	2,490	50	0	35	20	130
Kwakwaka'wakw, n.o.s.³⁵	615	605	600	590	10	0	0	0	15
Kwakiutl	725	690	665	635	30	0	15	10	35
Laich-kwil-tach	305	305	300	300	0	0	0	10	0
'Namgis	665	605	590	590	0	0	15	0	60
Quatsino	145	135	135	135	0	0	10	0	10
Kwakwaka'wakw origins, n.i.e.³⁶	435	425	415	415	0	0	0	0	15
Maliseet	7,225	4,170	4,060	3,650	410	0	40	65	3,050
Mi'kmaq origins	122,345	70,640	66,815	55,155	11,390	270	1,495	2,325	51,710
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.³⁷	111,605	62,775	59,645	48,190	11,220	235	1,415	1,715	48,830
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10,755	7,865	7,170	6,965	170	35	80	615	2,885
Navajo	755	445	440	385	45	10	0	0	305
Nisga'a	4,995	4,890	4,770	4,760	10	0	30	85	105
Nuu-chah-nulth origins	2,900	2,800	2,765	2,760	0	0	15	20	100
Nuu-chah-nulth, n.o.s.³⁸	725	690	690	690	0	0	0	0	35
Ahousaht	490	485	475	475	0	0	10	0	0
Ditidaht	285	285	285	285	0	0	0	0	0
Tla-o-qui-aht	205	205	205	205	0	0	0	0	0
Tseshaht	315	315	310	310	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth origins, n.i.e.³⁹	1,105	1,045	1,015	1,015	0	0	15	15	60
Nuxalk	1,055	1,035	1,010	1,010	0	0	20	10	20
Passamaquoddy	560	240	240	190	50	0	0	0	320
Salish origins	25,690	23,005	22,480	22,000	475	0	355	180	2,680
Salish, n.o.s.⁴⁰	2,220	1,875	1,850	1,795	60	0	0	25	345
Coast Salish origins	13,035	11,430	11,140	10,915	225	0	220	65	1,610
Coast Salish, n.o.s.⁴¹	4,175	3,710	3,570	3,475	95	0	120	20	465
Chemainus (Stz'uminus)	285	265	265	265	0	0	0	0	20
Cowichan	1,750	1,575	1,570	1,565	15	0	0	0	170
Homalco	530	120	120	120	0	0	0	0	405
Musqueam	490	450	450	440	0	0	10	0	40
Penelakut	675	560	545	545	0	0	0	10	115
Shíshálh (Sechelt)	210	205	195	175	20	0	0	0	0
Snuneymuxw	665	635	625	625	0	0	0	10	35
Squamish	1,735	1,590	1,555	1,530	25	0	35	0	145
Stó:lo	1,685	1,590	1,540	1,510	35	0	30	15	95
WSÁNEC (Saanich)	215	215	215	215	0	0	0	0	0
Coast Salish origins, n.i.e.⁴²	1,290	1,170	1,130	1,095	35	0	25	10	125
Interior Salish origins	11,310	10,585	10,355	10,160	195	0	135	90	725
Interior Salish, n.o.s.⁴³	385	325	325	320	10	0	0	0	55
Nlaka'pamux (Thompson)	2,170	2,110	2,060	2,035	25	0	20	30	60
Okanagan (Syilx)	2,425	2,285	2,215	2,160	55	0	40	25	140
Secwepemc (Shuswap)	5,115	4,710	4,620	4,525	95	0	65	30	400
St'at'imc (Lillooet)	1,945	1,900	1,880	1,870	10	0	15	0	45
Interior Salish origins, n.i.e.⁴⁴	45	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	35
Siouan origins	16,565	14,290	13,990	12,495	1,495	10	195	100	2,275
Sioux, n.o.s.⁴⁵	5,650	3,930	3,865	3,065	800	0	40	30	1,720
Assiniboine	1,305	1,235	1,205	1,075	130	0	25	0	70
Dakota	5,465	5,225	5,125	4,865	260	0	70	35	240
Lakota	1,130	895	865	700	160	0	30	0	235
Stoney (Nakoda)	3,495	3,480	3,400	3,230	170	0	45	35	15
Tsimshian	4,945	4,800	4,770	4,715	55	10	15	15	145
Wuikinuxv	195	195	195	195	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) origins, n.i.e.⁴⁶	3,605	1,785	1,685	1,320	360	0	70	25	1,820
Inuit origins	82,005	73,370	70,305	2,180	2,825	65,305	2,985	85	8,635
Inuit, n.o.s.⁴⁷	76,680	68,320	65,535	1,790	2,395	61,355	2,740	50	8,360
Inuvialuit	4,050	3,970	3,770	345	20	3,410	160	35	80
Inuit origins, n.i.e.⁴⁸	1,360	1,175	1,075	50	405	610	95	10	195
Métis	560,340	446,650	431,695	18,145	412,980	570	14,390	560	113,690
Non-Indigenous origins	35,343,280	932,935	887,115	410,765	459,535	16,815	19,475	26,345	34,410,340
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁹	36,328,480	1,807,250	1,743,165	1,048,405	624,220	70,540	28,855	35,225	34,521,230
English only	25,081,420	1,482,525	1,434,760	903,365	471,390	60,000	22,735	25,035	23,598,895
French only	4,016,085	95,925	89,980	55,215	33,480	1,285	1,415	4,525	3,920,160
English and French	6,547,150	222,750	212,505	87,715	119,135	5,650	4,645	5,605	6,324,400
Neither English nor French	683,820	6,055	5,925	2,105	215	3,605	70	60	677,765
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,328,480	1,807,250	1,743,165	1,048,405	624,220	70,540	28,855	35,225	34,521,230
English	27,451,560	1,583,635	1,531,390	944,800	524,215	62,380	25,240	27,005	25,867,930
French	7,728,465	208,145	196,825	97,080	97,585	2,155	3,410	7,910	7,520,320
English and French	479,760	9,915	9,485	4,650	2,360	2,475	165	265	469,845
Neither English nor French	668,685	5,555	5,460	1,880	60	3,530	40	50	663,130
Indigenous mother tongue
Total - Indigenous mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,328,480	1,807,250	1,743,165	1,048,405	624,220	70,540	28,855	35,225	34,521,230
Official languages	28,437,180	1,660,025	1,598,565	941,530	619,810	37,225	28,210	33,250	26,777,160
English	21,226,105	1,462,440	1,411,785	855,540	520,825	35,420	24,855	25,800	19,763,670
French	7,546,925	218,995	207,215	93,970	111,110	2,130	3,970	7,815	7,327,930
Non-official languages	8,968,265	187,335	183,800	139,265	6,785	37,760	1,070	2,460	8,780,930
Indigenous languages⁵²	185,510	184,170	180,900	137,955	5,290	37,650	910	2,360	1,340
Algonquian languages	123,130	122,590	120,030	116,220	3,525	290	530	2,025	545
Blackfoot	4,945	4,935	4,905	4,900	10	0	0	25	10
Cree-Innu languages	82,630	82,240	80,115	76,715	3,120	285	435	1,690	390
Atikamekw	6,300	6,290	6,190	6,155	30	0	15	85	15
Cree languages	66,205	65,865	64,850	61,805	2,970	70	350	665	340
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	190	190	180	180	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	700	695	690	680	10	0	0	0	10
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	3,855	3,845	3,725	3,650	70	0	15	105	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	3,135	3,125	3,095	2,925	165	10	10	20	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	6,730	6,710	6,580	5,830	745	0	90	40	20
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	3,760	3,730	3,690	3,325	365	0	30	10	30
Cree, n.o.s.	47,850	47,575	46,900	45,215	1,625	65	195	485	275
Innu (Montagnais)	9,435	9,405	8,715	8,400	110	205	50	640	30
Naskapi	740	735	405	395	0	0	25	310	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,935	6,890	6,805	6,795	10	0	15	65	45
Mi'kmaq	6,495	6,450	6,375	6,360	10	0	15	60	45
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	445	440	435	435	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	28,890	28,790	28,465	28,065	395	0	80	240	105
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	1,085	1,085	1,030	1,025	0	0	10	45	0
Oji-Cree	11,930	11,915	11,880	11,880	0	0	0	35	15
Ojibway languages	15,890	15,805	15,575	15,185	390	0	75	160	85
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	765	760	750	740	10	0	10	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	130	130	130	125	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	2,585	2,565	2,525	2,365	165	0	0	30	25
Ojibway, n.o.s.	12,500	12,445	12,260	12,045	215	0	55	130	50
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	25	25	25	25	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	16,375	16,215	15,925	14,905	985	30	110	185	155
Northern Athabaskan languages	16,235	16,090	15,800	14,780	985	30	110	185	145
Dakelh (Carrier)	1,000	990	970	970	0	0	10	15	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	220	220	220	210	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	9,815	9,740	9,630	8,730	895	0	60	50	70
Gwich'in	230	220	215	200	10	10	0	0	10
Slavey-Hare languages	1,850	1,815	1,785	1,755	35	0	15	15	30
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	470	470	465	460	10	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	340	330	320	305	10	0	10	0	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	1,040	1,020	1,010	990	20	0	0	10	15
Tahltan languages	285	285	285	285	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	115	115	110	110	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	175	175	170	170	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	1,785	1,790	1,670	1,630	30	0	30	90	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	60	60	60	60	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	630	630	615	615	0	0	0	10	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	90	90	90	90	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	175	175	175	150	15	0	0	10	0
Northern Tutchone	80	75	75	75	0	0	0	10	0
Southern Tutchone	70	70	70	45	15	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	40	40	40	40	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	180	175	170	170	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	75	70	70	70	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	65	60	60	60	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	110	110	110	110	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	38,355	37,855	37,605	230	45	37,325	235	20	495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	805	790	770	10	0	755	10	10	15
Inuinnaqtun	495	485	475	0	0	475	10	0	15
Inuvialuktun	305	300	295	10	0	280	0	10	0
Inuktitut	37,520	37,050	36,815	215	45	36,550	225	15	470
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	45	35	25	0	0	25	10	0	10
Iroquoian languages	690	680	650	650	0	0	0	25	15
Cayuga	120	115	115	115	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	500	490	460	460	0	0	0	25	10
Oneida	80	80	80	80	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	60	55	55	55	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	1,005	1,000	970	190	785	0	25	0	10
Salish languages	1,720	1,665	1,645	1,640	0	0	0	30	50
Halkomelem	415	400	395	395	0	0	0	10	10
Lillooet	125	125	125	125	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	225	215	215	215	0	0	0	10	10
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	425	405	405	405	0	0	0	0	15
Squamish	50	50	50	50	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	175	175	170	170	0	0	0	0	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	240	240	230	230	0	0	0	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	80	70	70	65	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	1,745	1,735	1,685	1,645	40	0	0	50	15
Assiniboine	220	210	210	210	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	915	910	910	870	40	0	0	0	0
Stoney	545	540	520	520	0	0	0	20	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	185	185	150	150	0	0	0	30	0
Tsimshian languages	1,590	1,550	1,515	1,510	10	0	0	30	40
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	775	760	755	755	10	0	0	10	15
Nisga'a	615	595	570	570	0	0	0	25	15
Tsimshian	210	200	195	195	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages	1,025	1,010	990	990	0	0	10	10	15
Haisla	215	215	215	210	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	195	195	195	195	0	0	0	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	255	255	245	245	0	0	0	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	325	315	315	315	0	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	35	35	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	90	90	85	80	0	0	0	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	385	380	370	345	15	10	0	15	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,782,960	3,275	3,005	1,355	1,525	125	170	105	8,779,680
Indigenous languages spoken at home
Total - Indigenous languages spoken at home for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁵³	36,328,480	1,807,250	1,743,165	1,048,405	624,220	70,540	28,855	35,225	34,521,230
Official languages	33,712,255	1,756,905	1,693,995	1,019,960	623,180	50,850	28,645	34,265	31,955,345
English	26,947,855	1,603,040	1,549,325	940,620	559,470	49,230	26,230	27,480	25,344,815
French	8,143,045	208,995	197,250	99,805	94,830	2,610	3,875	7,870	7,934,045
Non-official languages	8,197,065	186,080	182,190	135,520	8,850	37,820	1,395	2,495	8,010,985
Indigenous languages⁵²	180,775	178,090	174,760	132,305	4,830	37,625	1,055	2,275	2,685
Algonquian languages	119,630	118,375	115,715	112,240	3,170	305	630	2,025	1,255
Blackfoot	4,970	4,930	4,875	4,865	0	0	15	40	40
Cree-Innu languages	79,770	79,040	76,800	73,845	2,660	290	515	1,720	730
Atikamekw	6,105	6,090	5,995	5,950	40	0	10	85	20
Cree languages	63,660	63,005	61,875	59,245	2,530	105	430	705	650
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	225	225	210	205	0	0	15	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	730	725	725	710	15	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	4,075	4,060	3,920	3,870	45	0	35	105	20
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	3,290	3,255	3,205	3,020	185	10	30	25	30
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	7,575	7,445	7,245	6,460	770	10	155	40	130
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	3,515	3,440	3,380	3,075	300	0	55	15	70
Cree, n.o.s.	44,400	44,000	43,320	42,020	1,215	80	160	520	405
Innu (Montagnais)	9,435	9,375	8,665	8,395	85	180	55	650	55
Naskapi	785	765	430	420	0	0	25	315	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	7,460	7,350	7,235	7,175	55	10	30	85	110
Mi'kmaq	7,040	6,935	6,835	6,770	55	10	30	75	110
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	430	425	420	420	0	0	0	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	28,170	27,775	27,465	27,000	455	0	115	190	400
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	1,045	1,040	990	975	15	0	10	45	10
Oji-Cree	12,425	12,390	12,335	12,330	10	0	15	40	30
Ojibway languages	14,860	14,500	14,290	13,845	435	0	105	110	360
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	1,370	1,290	1,230	1,160	75	0	50	10	85
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	150	150	150	140	10	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	2,135	2,035	1,995	1,890	105	0	10	30	100
Ojibway, n.o.s.	11,385	11,210	11,095	10,840	250	0	40	70	175
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	60	55	55	55	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15,140	14,845	14,615	13,700	895	25	80	150	290
Northern Athabaskan languages	15,005	14,750	14,515	13,600	895	25	80	150	260
Dakelh (Carrier)	1,020	1,010	1,000	1,000	0	0	10	10	10
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	95	100	100	90	10	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	9,215	9,120	9,040	8,210	825	10	45	40	95
Gwich'in	150	140	140	125	0	15	0	0	10
Slavey-Hare languages	1,580	1,535	1,520	1,485	35	0	0	10	45
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	415	415	415	405	10	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	250	240	240	230	10	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	910	880	870	845	30	0	0	10	30
Tahltan languages	250	240	235	235	0	0	0	0	10
Kaska (Nahani)	110	105	110	110	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	145	140	135	135	0	0	0	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	1,710	1,700	1,600	1,565	30	0	25	85	10
Tse'khene (Sekani)	40	40	40	40	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	555	550	535	535	0	0	0	10	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	155	155	155	155	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	175	135	135	135	0	0	0	0	40
Northern Tutchone	60	60	60	60	0	0	0	0	10
Southern Tutchone	65	50	50	50	0	0	0	0	20
Tutchone, n.o.s.	40	25	25	25	0	0	0	0	15
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	170	125	120	120	0	0	0	0	45
Tlingit	75	55	55	55	0	0	0	0	20
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	60	45	45	45	0	0	0	0	10
Haida	155	135	130	120	0	0	10	0	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	38,665	37,880	37,620	235	50	37,335	255	0	785
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	705	675	670	10	0	665	0	0	30
Inuinnaqtun	535	505	505	0	0	500	0	0	25
Inuvialuktun	175	175	165	10	0	165	0	0	0
Inuktitut	37,960	37,205	36,955	225	45	36,680	250	0	750
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	35	30	30	0	0	20	0	0	10
Iroquoian languages	1,090	1,020	985	965	15	0	30	0	70
Cayuga	160	150	150	150	0	0	0	0	15
Mohawk	790	745	715	700	10	10	20	0	45
Oneida	150	140	135	135	0	0	0	0	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	25	25	25	15	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	130	130	130	125	10	0	0	0	0
Michif	1,075	1,055	990	155	835	0	60	0	25
Salish languages	1,900	1,790	1,775	1,750	15	10	10	10	115
Halkomelem	605	580	575	575	0	0	0	0	25
Lillooet	155	150	150	150	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	65	60	55	55	0	0	0	0	10
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	515	490	485	485	0	0	0	0	30
Squamish	125	125	125	125	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	95	80	80	80	0	0	0	0	15
Syilx (Okanagan)	250	220	215	210	0	10	0	0	30
Salish languages, n.i.e.	105	90	85	75	10	0	0	0	15
Siouan languages	1,630	1,605	1,560	1,520	45	0	0	45	25
Assiniboine	195	195	195	195	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	775	775	770	745	20	0	0	0	0
Stoney	530	520	515	495	20	0	0	10	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	245	235	200	200	0	0	0	30	15
Tsimshian languages	1,430	1,390	1,360	1,360	0	0	0	20	40
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	595	580	580	580	0	0	0	0	15
Nisga'a	640	620	600	595	0	0	0	25	15
Tsimshian	220	210	205	205	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	920	865	835	825	10	0	30	0	55
Haisla	110	105	105	100	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	135	135	135	135	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	295	270	260	260	0	0	0	0	25
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	340	330	305	305	0	0	20	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	40	30	30	30	0	0	0	0	10
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	100	85	80	75	0	0	0	10	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	345	330	325	315	0	10	0	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	8,017,955	9,055	8,440	4,045	4,150	245	380	235	8,008,905
Knowledge of Indigenous languages
Total - Knowledge of Indigenous languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,328,480	1,807,250	1,743,165	1,048,405	624,220	70,540	28,855	35,225	34,521,230
Official languages	35,644,655	1,801,195	1,737,240	1,046,300	624,005	66,935	28,790	35,165	33,843,460
English	31,628,570	1,705,270	1,647,260	991,085	590,525	65,655	27,375	30,640	29,923,300
French	10,563,235	318,670	302,485	142,935	152,615	6,935	6,055	10,135	10,244,565
Non-official languages	10,724,695	263,655	257,685	194,935	21,365	41,385	2,205	3,770	10,461,040
Indigenous languages⁵²	243,160	237,420	233,110	183,790	8,315	41,005	1,395	2,915	5,740
Algonquian languages	163,815	160,980	157,620	151,365	5,845	410	880	2,485	2,835
Blackfoot	6,685	6,585	6,525	6,505	20	0	15	45	95
Cree-Innu languages	105,850	104,230	101,475	96,215	4,885	385	710	2,040	1,620
Atikamekw	6,810	6,740	6,625	6,565	55	10	0	105	70
Cree languages	87,870	86,475	84,950	80,170	4,650	130	610	915	1,395
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	415	400	390	360	35	0	15	0	15
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	895	885	885	860	20	0	0	0	10
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	4,875	4,790	4,620	4,490	120	0	50	120	90
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	4,675	4,580	4,520	4,240	275	10	35	25	95
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	12,000	11,735	11,450	10,130	1,315	10	215	70	270
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5,110	5,015	4,925	4,390	535	0	70	25	90
Cree, n.o.s.	61,000	60,160	59,225	56,705	2,415	105	250	685	840
Innu (Montagnais)	10,740	10,595	9,775	9,360	165	250	80	740	145
Naskapi	1,035	1,010	565	545	15	0	25	415	30
Eastern Algonquian languages	10,035	9,760	9,620	9,510	100	10	40	105	270
Mi'kmaq	9,240	9,000	8,865	8,765	95	10	40	95	245
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	820	790	785	780	0	0	0	10	25
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	42,865	42,020	41,550	40,630	905	20	160	310	840
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	1,955	1,925	1,855	1,800	50	0	10	55	30
Oji-Cree	15,300	15,210	15,135	15,105	30	0	15	55	95
Ojibway languages	26,165	25,440	25,100	24,255	825	20	140	200	725
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	2,040	1,890	1,830	1,725	105	0	50	10	145
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	220	215	215	195	20	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	3,630	3,505	3,455	3,230	215	0	20	30	125
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20,715	20,265	20,020	19,505	510	0	75	165	455
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	165	115	115	115	0	0	0	0	45
Athabaskan languages	20,390	19,815	19,510	18,305	1,155	45	110	190	580
Northern Athabaskan languages	20,135	19,610	19,315	18,105	1,155	45	110	190	525
Dakelh (Carrier)	1,555	1,530	1,515	1,515	0	0	10	10	25
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	275	270	270	265	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	11,555	11,370	11,250	10,210	1,040	0	70	50	185
Gwich'in	295	275	275	240	0	30	0	0	20
Slavey-Hare languages	2,325	2,215	2,200	2,135	65	10	0	15	115
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	775	750	745	740	0	0	0	0	30
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	415	380	380	360	15	0	0	0	30
Slavey, n.o.s.	1,210	1,155	1,145	1,100	40	10	0	10	55
Tahltan languages	475	450	445	445	0	0	0	10	25
Kaska (Nahani)	250	225	225	220	0	0	0	10	20
Tahltan	235	235	230	230	0	0	0	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	2,140	2,115	1,990	1,945	45	0	25	100	25
Tse'khene (Sekani)	130	130	130	130	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	870	855	835	830	0	0	10	10	20
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	175	175	170	170	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	315	255	255	245	0	0	0	0	65
Northern Tutchone	140	130	130	130	0	0	0	0	10
Southern Tutchone	140	95	95	90	0	0	0	0	40
Tutchone, n.o.s.	50	30	30	30	0	0	0	0	15
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	295	240	240	235	0	0	0	0	50
Tlingit	150	120	120	120	0	0	0	0	25
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	115	85	85	85	0	0	0	0	30
Haida	245	220	215	205	10	0	10	0	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	42,800	41,375	41,045	330	75	40,640	310	25	1,425
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,140	1,100	1,080	15	10	1,065	15	0	45
Inuinnaqtun	790	750	740	0	0	740	10	0	40
Inuvialuktun	350	350	340	10	10	330	0	0	0
Inuktitut	41,680	40,320	40,005	315	70	39,620	295	20	1,355
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	70	50	45	0	0	40	0	0	25
Iroquoian languages	2,055	1,865	1,780	1,755	20	0	35	50	190
Cayuga	230	220	220	220	0	0	0	0	15
Mohawk	1,600	1,435	1,355	1,340	15	10	35	50	165
Oneida	215	200	195	190	0	0	0	0	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	65	60	60	50	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	215	210	205	200	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	1,905	1,845	1,765	280	1,485	0	75	0	60
Salish languages	5,305	5,000	4,935	4,890	45	10	25	45	300
Halkomelem	1,415	1,345	1,330	1,315	10	0	0	10	70
Lillooet	595	580	580	580	0	0	0	0	15
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	510	470	465	465	0	0	0	10	45
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	1,090	1,050	1,030	1,025	0	0	20	10	45
Squamish	355	345	345	340	0	0	0	0	10
Straits	325	290	280	280	0	0	0	15	35
Syilx (Okanagan)	705	665	650	645	0	10	0	10	45
Salish languages, n.i.e.	360	305	300	285	20	0	0	10	55
Siouan languages	2,960	2,890	2,815	2,745	70	0	0	70	70
Assiniboine	370	350	350	350	0	0	0	0	20
Dakota	1,530	1,505	1,485	1,435	50	0	0	15	25
Stoney	925	915	895	870	20	0	0	20	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	320	310	275	270	0	0	0	30	15
Tsimshian languages	2,665	2,590	2,530	2,520	10	0	0	50	75
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,140	1,110	1,100	1,095	0	0	0	10	30
Nisga'a	1,110	1,080	1,040	1,045	0	0	0	40	30
Tsimshian	465	445	430	430	0	0	10	0	20
Wakashan languages	2,210	2,085	2,030	2,020	10	0	30	25	125
Haisla	295	285	275	275	0	0	0	10	10
Heiltsuk	340	325	325	325	0	0	0	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	820	760	740	735	0	0	0	10	65
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	700	665	640	640	0	0	20	0	35
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	50	45	45	45	0	0	0	0	10
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	645	585	575	560	10	0	0	0	60
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	855	785	765	720	30	15	0	20	70
Non-Indigenous languages	10,485,600	28,620	26,845	12,890	13,440	515	890	880	10,456,980
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,328,480	1,807,250	1,743,165	1,048,405	624,220	70,540	28,855	35,225	34,521,230
Buddhist	356,975	1,675	1,595	770	810	15	40	35	355,295
Christian	19,373,325	849,815	817,415	451,270	315,815	50,335	12,330	20,075	18,523,515
Christian, n.o.s.⁵⁶	2,760,760	109,095	105,125	56,620	44,825	3,680	2,105	1,870	2,651,660
Anabaptist	144,145	2,060	1,930	890	1,035	0	45	85	142,080
Anglican	1,134,315	110,520	106,845	62,085	18,385	26,380	1,170	2,500	1,023,795
Baptist	436,940	14,880	14,065	7,050	6,690	320	350	460	422,065
Catholic	10,880,360	485,315	466,465	256,790	197,420	12,255	6,810	12,040	10,395,040
Christian Orthodox	623,010	1,790	1,750	785	925	45	15	25	621,215
Jehovah's Witness	137,255	6,520	6,270	3,100	3,105	70	160	80	130,740
Latter Day Saints	87,725	5,035	4,850	2,430	2,365	60	70	120	82,695
Lutheran	328,045	9,165	8,770	2,990	5,685	95	170	225	318,880
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	100,655	4,170	3,985	2,465	1,260	265	40	145	96,485
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	399,025	28,420	27,670	18,360	6,770	2,540	385	365	370,605
Presbyterian	301,400	4,360	4,090	2,310	1,700	85	50	215	297,040
Reformed	79,870	810	770	510	260	0	0	40	79,060
United Church	1,214,185	42,140	40,455	23,430	15,640	1,385	405	1,280	1,172,050
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	745,650	25,535	24,360	11,455	9,755	3,150	555	620	720,115
Hindu	828,195	220	200	160	40	0	15	0	827,975
Jewish	335,295	1,610	1,410	760	610	35	40	165	333,685
Muslim	1,775,715	1,840	1,750	830	895	30	55	30	1,773,875
Sikh	771,790	160	160	85	60	15	0	0	771,630
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	80,685	77,590	76,190	72,795	2,860	545	740	655	3,095
Other religions and spiritual traditions	229,015	24,770	23,755	15,860	7,520	375	705	310	204,240
No religion and secular perspectives	12,577,475	849,565	820,680	505,875	295,610	19,200	14,930	13,950	11,727,910
Mobility status
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago for the population aged 1 year and over in private households - 25% sample data⁵⁷	35,986,480	1,781,525	1,718,320	1,032,610	616,850	68,865	28,330	34,865	34,204,960
Non-movers	31,600,930	1,533,180	1,478,630	888,115	528,615	61,895	23,620	30,930	30,067,750
Movers	4,385,555	248,345	239,695	144,495	88,235	6,970	4,710	3,945	4,137,210
Non-migrants	2,572,400	158,270	152,675	92,475	55,400	4,805	3,090	2,515	2,414,125
Migrants	1,813,155	90,070	87,020	52,015	32,840	2,165	1,620	1,430	1,723,085
Internal migrants	1,519,200	88,660	85,700	51,365	32,245	2,085	1,605	1,355	1,430,540
Intraprovincial migrants	1,250,235	71,925	69,520	42,200	26,030	1,290	1,205	1,200	1,178,310
Interprovincial migrants	268,965	16,730	16,180	9,165	6,215	795	395	155	252,230
External migrants	293,955	1,415	1,320	650	590	80	20	75	292,545
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago for the population aged 5 years and over in private households - 25% sample data⁵⁸	34,504,330	1,669,740	1,610,435	963,375	584,270	62,795	26,085	33,225	32,834,590
Non-movers	21,061,090	963,725	929,220	553,160	335,560	40,500	13,365	21,135	20,097,365
Movers	13,443,245	706,015	681,215	410,210	248,715	22,290	12,720	12,085	12,737,225
Non-migrants	5,773,890	351,460	339,165	203,685	121,305	14,170	6,465	5,835	5,422,425
Migrants	7,669,355	354,555	342,050	206,525	127,405	8,120	6,255	6,245	7,314,800
Internal migrants	5,976,960	351,005	338,655	204,360	126,250	8,055	6,185	6,160	5,625,960
Intraprovincial migrants	5,055,615	295,160	284,715	174,940	104,085	5,695	5,100	5,340	4,760,460
Interprovincial migrants	921,345	55,845	53,940	29,420	22,165	2,360	1,085	820	865,505
External migrants	1,692,390	3,550	3,395	2,165	1,160	70	70	85	1,688,840
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data⁵⁹	30,335,920	1,348,035	1,299,245	764,750	486,625	47,875	20,210	28,580	28,987,880
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,474,175	443,960	429,975	280,660	123,215	26,095	5,545	8,445	5,030,210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,899,580	398,535	385,990	254,330	107,820	23,840	4,945	7,595	4,501,045
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate or diploma⁶⁰	574,595	45,430	43,985	26,330	15,395	2,255	595	850	529,170
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate⁶¹	24,861,745	904,080	869,275	484,090	363,405	21,775	14,670	20,135	23,957,670
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,097,295	405,605	390,725	228,045	151,375	11,305	6,520	8,360	7,691,690
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree⁶²	16,764,450	498,470	478,555	256,045	212,035	10,475	8,145	11,775	16,265,980
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data⁵⁹	30,335,920	1,348,035	1,299,245	764,750	486,625	47,875	20,210	28,580	28,987,880
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,899,580	398,535	385,990	254,330	107,820	23,840	4,945	7,595	4,501,045
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate⁶³	8,097,295	405,605	390,725	228,045	151,375	11,305	6,520	8,360	7,691,690
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,339,045	543,900	522,530	282,375	227,430	12,730	8,745	12,625	16,795,145
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,252,800	404,950	390,065	213,510	166,145	10,415	6,400	8,485	8,847,850
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,641,560	125,695	121,155	66,525	51,260	3,370	1,735	2,805	2,515,865
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma⁶⁴	1,458,165	67,075	64,605	38,255	24,510	1,845	940	1,525	1,391,085
Apprenticeship certificate⁶⁵	1,183,395	58,620	56,545	28,270	26,750	1,525	790	1,280	1,124,770
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma⁶⁶	5,714,490	248,790	239,495	129,600	103,430	6,470	4,220	5,075	5,465,700
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	896,750	30,470	29,420	17,380	11,455	580	445	600	866,285
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,086,250	138,950	132,470	68,870	61,285	2,320	2,345	4,140	7,947,295
Bachelor's degree	5,295,360	101,910	97,390	50,355	45,335	1,705	1,690	2,825	5,193,450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	556,510	9,060	8,595	4,405	4,070	130	180	280	547,455
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	214,110	1,810	1,705	680	1,010	20	25	70	212,300
Master's degree	1,740,605	23,200	22,050	11,855	9,770	425	350	800	1,717,405
Earned doctorate⁶⁷	279,660	2,975	2,715	1,575	1,100	45	95	170	276,680
Major field of study
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	30,335,920	1,348,035	1,299,245	764,750	486,625	47,875	20,210	28,580	28,987,880
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree⁶⁹	12,996,875	804,140	776,710	482,380	259,190	35,140	11,465	15,955	12,192,735
Education	1,113,020	37,980	36,355	20,295	15,175	885	595	1,035	1,075,035
13. Education	1,113,020	37,980	36,355	20,295	15,175	885	595	1,035	1,075,035
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	631,255	16,105	15,370	8,095	6,940	330	410	325	615,145
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,790	1,920	1,800	890	850	60	95	30	72,865
50. Visual and performing arts	556,470	14,185	13,575	7,205	6,095	275	315	295	542,285
Humanities	926,560	19,310	18,300	10,580	7,315	415	380	625	907,250
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	106,345	1,780	1,675	1,150	415	110	55	45	104,565
23. English language and literature/letters	184,605	3,290	3,070	1,685	1,330	55	80	135	181,320
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	316,050	7,570	7,220	4,545	2,545	135	150	195	308,480
30A Interdisciplinary humanities⁷⁰	18,940	385	365	180	185	0	15	15	18,550
38. Philosophy and religious studies	57,740	1,045	1,000	535	450	15	0	40	56,700
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,505	2,165	2,070	1,110	910	55	30	60	75,340
54. History	108,935	2,160	2,025	950	1,040	35	30	105	106,770
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	56,440	915	875	420	445	10	0	30	55,530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,016,125	60,525	58,065	33,545	23,095	1,425	1,065	1,395	1,955,600
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	29,435	3,705	3,620	2,645	700	270	55	40	25,725
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	233,405	5,115	4,890	2,595	2,230	65	80	140	228,290
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	344,150	18,300	17,540	11,030	6,055	460	320	440	325,850
22. Legal professions and studies	325,780	8,865	8,555	4,655	3,745	160	145	165	316,920
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences⁷¹	49,855	1,400	1,320	685	600	35	25	60	48,450
42. Psychology	327,965	8,875	8,540	4,465	3,950	125	145	190	319,090
45. Social sciences	705,540	14,260	13,600	7,475	5,815	315	290	365	691,280
Business, management and public administration	3,758,250	106,895	102,735	56,815	43,125	2,795	1,640	2,520	3,651,360
30.16 Accounting and computer science	5,335	235	230	100	125	0	0	0	5,100
44. Public administration and social service professions	272,240	20,030	19,470	12,430	6,655	385	290	270	252,210
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,480,675	86,630	83,030	44,280	36,345	2,400	1,350	2,250	3,394,045
Physical and life sciences and technologies	719,720	10,595	10,095	4,635	5,240	225	155	345	709,120
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	297,050	4,490	4,290	1,985	2,225	75	70	125	292,565
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155,960	2,610	2,465	1,165	1,265	35	35	105	153,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences⁷²	35,380	580	540	300	230	10	15	30	34,800
40. Physical sciences	196,620	1,975	1,885	795	1,035	55	25	60	194,645
41. Science technologies/technicians	34,710	945	910	390	475	45	10	25	33,765
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	804,230	12,985	12,380	6,250	5,890	235	240	365	791,245
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	643,145	11,060	10,550	5,300	5,045	210	220	285	632,085
25. Library science	43,085	955	900	455	440	10	15	40	42,125
27. Mathematics and statistics	99,360	800	775	425	330	15	0	20	98,560
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences⁷³	18,640	170	145	70	75	0	0	15	18,470
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,506,120	119,260	115,000	58,925	53,105	2,970	1,680	2,580	3,386,855
04. Architecture and related services	135,025	1,730	1,675	780	890	15	20	30	133,290
14. Engineering	900,470	6,260	5,945	2,780	3,035	130	90	220	894,220
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	726,155	25,030	24,070	11,655	11,770	645	420	535	701,125
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	580	15	15	10	10	0	0	0	565
46. Construction trades	703,900	38,425	37,175	21,120	14,885	1,175	455	795	665,480
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	659,485	28,790	27,760	13,440	13,590	725	440	595	630,690
48. Precision production	380,505	19,015	18,360	9,150	8,925	280	250	405	361,490
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	407,540	15,200	14,620	7,565	6,655	395	220	360	392,340
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields⁷⁴	262,580	6,835	6,510	3,190	3,245	80	120	200	255,745
03. Natural resources and conservation	144,960	8,365	8,105	4,375	3,415	320	95	160	136,595
Health and related fields	2,444,500	86,080	82,710	42,820	38,480	1,415	1,455	1,910	2,358,420
30.37 Design for human health	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	180,785	5,185	4,955	2,370	2,440	145	100	135	175,600
51. Health professions and related programs⁷⁴	2,194,395	80,255	77,175	40,195	35,715	1,265	1,355	1,735	2,114,140
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	5,255	100	95	40	55	0	0	0	5,155
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	64,025	535	490	215	270	10	0	40	63,495
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,006,425	58,705	56,665	32,695	22,330	1,635	890	1,155	947,720
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	548,525	28,345	27,380	15,375	11,485	525	440	525	520,180
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,965	80	65	40	30	0	0	10	3,885
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	6,900	310	295	125	170	0	0	10	6,590
43. Security and protective services	227,835	13,730	13,280	7,770	5,295	220	210	235	214,105
49. Transportation and materials moving	219,200	16,250	15,640	9,390	5,360	890	235	375	202,955
Other⁷⁵	5,300	260	235	155	75	0	10	15	5,045
Labour force status
Total - Labour force status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	30,335,920	1,348,035	1,299,245	764,750	486,625	47,875	20,210	28,580	28,987,880
In the labour force	19,310,345	801,500	773,150	424,920	321,125	27,100	12,785	15,565	18,508,850
Employed	17,321,700	680,430	656,115	354,005	279,905	22,205	10,705	13,610	16,641,270
Unemployed	1,988,640	121,065	117,035	70,915	41,220	4,895	2,075	1,955	1,867,580
Not in the labour force	11,025,575	546,540	526,100	339,835	165,495	20,770	7,430	13,015	10,479,030
Participation rate	63.7	59.5	59.5	55.6	66.0	56.6	63.3	54.5	63.9
Employment rate	57.1	50.5	50.5	46.3	57.5	46.4	53.0	47.6	57.4
Unemployment rate	10.3	15.1	15.1	16.7	12.8	18.1	16.2	12.6	10.1
Class of worker
Total - Class of worker for the labour force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁷	19,310,340	801,495	773,145	424,920	321,130	27,105	12,780	15,565	18,508,845
Class of worker - not applicable⁷⁸	486,865	37,420	36,385	24,395	10,140	1,855	510	525	449,445
All classes of worker⁷⁹	18,823,485	764,075	736,760	400,520	310,990	25,250	12,275	15,040	18,059,405
Employee	16,103,455	688,230	664,135	366,605	273,375	24,160	10,820	13,275	15,415,220
Self-employed⁸⁰	2,720,030	75,845	72,625	33,920	37,615	1,095	1,455	1,765	2,644,185
Occupation
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data⁸¹	19,310,340	801,495	773,145	424,920	321,130	27,105	12,780	15,565	18,508,845
Occupation - not applicable⁷⁸	486,865	37,420	36,385	24,395	10,140	1,855	510	525	449,445
All occupations⁷⁹	18,823,485	764,075	736,760	400,520	310,990	25,250	12,275	15,040	18,059,405
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	254,765	8,275	7,975	4,825	2,850	300	130	170	246,490
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,303,180	110,445	106,515	56,285	46,370	3,865	1,675	2,255	3,192,730
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,587,980	30,830	29,525	13,665	15,145	710	500	805	1,557,155
3 Health occupations	1,504,100	50,505	48,520	24,100	23,360	1,055	830	1,155	1,453,595
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,322,350	118,900	114,925	68,735	41,890	4,295	1,950	2,020	2,203,455
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	596,785	19,735	18,900	10,160	7,810	930	485	355	577,045
6 Sales and service occupations	4,616,055	197,680	190,400	105,965	77,550	6,885	3,455	3,825	4,418,375
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,239,500	164,945	159,295	84,185	69,330	5,780	2,355	3,300	3,074,550
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	541,235	32,015	31,050	16,485	13,810	750	470	495	509,220
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	857,535	30,750	29,660	16,115	12,865	680	430	655	826,790
Industry
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data⁸²	19,310,340	801,495	773,145	424,920	321,130	27,105	12,780	15,565	18,508,845
Industry - not applicable⁷⁸	486,865	37,420	36,385	24,395	10,140	1,855	510	525	449,445
All industries⁷⁹	18,823,485	764,075	736,760	400,520	310,990	25,250	12,275	15,040	18,059,405
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	434,800	20,855	20,125	10,645	9,040	445	250	475	413,945
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	239,035	21,445	20,825	9,975	9,760	1,090	340	280	217,590
22 Utilities	147,750	8,185	7,895	3,715	3,670	510	110	180	139,565
23 Construction	1,469,085	74,395	71,790	37,925	32,310	1,550	1,050	1,555	1,394,690
31-33 Manufacturing	1,540,490	42,930	41,230	20,870	19,820	535	660	1,035	1,497,565
41 Wholesale trade	610,300	16,080	15,365	6,785	8,295	285	270	440	594,220
44-45 Retail trade	2,149,640	87,750	84,345	44,620	36,625	3,105	1,660	1,745	2,061,885
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	981,035	34,625	33,445	16,670	15,390	1,385	470	710	946,400
51 Information and cultural industries	400,460	9,575	9,130	4,350	4,515	265	225	215	390,890
52 Finance and insurance	815,220	15,320	14,685	6,555	7,935	190	295	345	799,900
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	343,940	9,975	9,595	4,590	4,360	640	150	240	333,965
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,571,160	31,210	29,710	14,415	14,595	700	655	840	1,539,950
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45,455	850	805	345	425	35	15	20	44,605
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	792,600	36,205	35,025	20,515	13,525	980	565	615	756,395
61 Educational services	1,413,315	60,520	58,510	33,595	22,650	2,265	895	1,120	1,352,795
62 Health care and social assistance	2,446,370	113,155	109,270	62,645	43,190	3,440	1,715	2,175	2,333,215
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	350,710	17,150	16,475	9,475	6,435	565	320	355	333,560
72 Accommodation and food services	1,085,270	47,100	45,405	25,910	18,335	1,160	945	750	1,038,170
81 Other services (except public administration)	797,935	33,650	32,375	16,535	14,935	905	600	670	764,290
91 Public administration	1,188,915	83,110	80,760	50,395	25,170	5,195	1,075	1,275	1,105,805
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Work activity during the reference year for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data⁸³	30,335,915	1,348,040	1,299,245	764,755	486,620	47,870	20,215	28,580	28,987,880
Did not work⁸⁴	11,140,775	571,255	550,150	358,155	170,450	21,550	7,885	13,215	10,569,520
Worked	19,195,140	776,785	749,090	406,595	316,170	26,325	12,330	15,365	18,418,360
Worked full time⁸⁵	15,059,915	607,525	586,215	320,855	244,215	21,140	9,210	12,105	14,452,390
Worked full year, full time	10,215,385	382,900	369,495	200,795	154,795	13,900	5,515	7,880	9,832,485
Worked part year, full time	4,844,530	224,630	216,720	120,065	89,420	7,240	3,685	4,220	4,619,900
Worked part time⁸⁶	4,135,225	169,255	162,875	85,740	71,955	5,185	3,120	3,255	3,965,965
Worked full year, part time	1,076,075	41,710	40,030	19,975	18,705	1,355	795	875	1,034,365
Worked part year, part time	3,059,150	127,555	122,845	65,765	53,245	3,830	2,330	2,380	2,931,600
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	39.3	39.3	39.0	39.7	39.2	38.1	39.9	41.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁷	17,321,700	680,425	656,120	354,005	279,905	22,205	10,705	13,605	16,641,275
Worked at home	4,214,860	99,325	94,905	46,365	46,635	1,905	1,905	2,505	4,115,540
Worked outside Canada	58,330	855	820	455	335	35	20	15	57,475
No fixed workplace address	2,201,740	114,965	110,935	61,625	46,495	2,815	1,835	2,200	2,086,775
Usual place of work	10,846,765	465,285	449,455	245,555	186,440	17,455	6,945	8,880	10,381,485
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data⁸⁸	10,846,765	465,285	449,455	245,560	186,440	17,455	6,945	8,885	10,381,485
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,397,115	292,830	283,030	153,495	115,100	14,435	4,555	5,235	6,104,290
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,343,635	110,075	106,460	59,210	45,185	2,065	1,475	2,145	2,233,565
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,007,950	55,810	53,645	29,570	23,340	740	805	1,365	1,952,140
Commute to a different province or territory	98,060	6,570	6,320	3,285	2,815	220	115	135	91,490
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data⁸⁹	13,048,505	580,250	560,390	307,180	232,935	20,270	8,780	11,085	12,468,255
Car, truck or van	10,950,750	489,950	473,345	257,965	203,500	11,890	7,080	9,520	10,460,800
Car, truck or van - as a driver	10,106,600	437,935	422,855	227,200	186,635	9,020	6,295	8,790	9,668,660
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	844,150	52,010	50,495	30,765	16,865	2,865	785	725	792,140
Public transit	1,000,505	26,205	25,175	15,090	9,575	510	510	515	974,300
Walked	672,820	41,795	40,355	23,400	12,040	4,920	770	675	631,020
Bicycle	138,615	5,325	5,100	2,765	2,230	100	115	110	133,290
Other method	285,820	16,975	16,405	7,965	5,595	2,845	305	265	268,845
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data⁹⁰	20,630,520	857,770	827,065	454,930	342,935	29,205	13,660	17,045	19,772,750
English	14,942,170	699,790	676,420	369,640	290,555	16,230	11,245	12,130	14,242,380
French	3,164,895	65,810	61,740	33,855	27,230	650	965	3,105	3,099,080
Non-official language	169,205	6,935	6,740	4,165	80	2,495	20	185	162,265
Indigenous⁵²	6,935	6,885	6,685	4,140	50	2,490	20	185	50
Non-Indigenous	162,265	55	55	25	25	10	0	0	162,215
English and French	1,682,510	43,825	41,545	17,575	23,465	505	1,110	1,165	1,638,685
English and non-official language(s)	570,220	35,955	35,440	25,535	1,135	8,765	245	270	534,265
French and non-official language(s)	20,935	3,260	3,110	2,955	85	70	30	120	17,670
English, French and non-official language(s)	69,340	2,145	2,035	1,175	385	480	45	65	67,190
Multiple non-official languages	11,265	45	40	30	0	0	0	0	11,215
Indigenous languages used at work
Total - Indigenous languages used at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households - 25% sample data⁹¹	20,630,520	857,770	827,065	454,930	342,935	29,205	13,660	17,045	19,772,750
Official languages	20,450,060	850,785	820,290	450,735	342,855	26,700	13,635	16,860	19,599,275
English	17,264,235	781,720	755,440	413,925	315,540	25,980	12,645	13,635	16,482,520
French	4,937,670	115,040	108,435	55,555	51,165	1,710	2,155	4,455	4,822,630
Non-official languages	840,950	48,350	47,360	33,865	1,685	11,815	350	640	792,605
Indigenous languages⁵²	49,255	46,935	46,030	33,325	920	11,790	295	605	2,320
Algonquian languages	31,710	30,645	29,915	29,250	585	80	180	550	1,065
Blackfoot	1,265	1,215	1,200	1,200	0	0	10	0	50
Cree-Innu languages	21,180	20,575	19,945	19,425	445	70	145	485	605
Atikamekw	1,585	1,555	1,530	1,525	10	0	10	15	30
Cree languages	15,955	15,470	15,210	14,790	400	25	105	160	485
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	35	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	275	270	270	260	0	0	0	0	10
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	1,580	1,505	1,445	1,440	0	0	15	50	70
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	700	650	630	585	45	0	20	0	50
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	1,355	1,225	1,175	1,025	150	0	25	15	135
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	760	700	695	635	55	0	0	0	55
Cree, n.o.s.	11,290	11,135	10,995	10,835	140	20	45	95	155
Innu (Montagnais)	3,440	3,345	3,115	3,030	35	45	20	210	90
Naskapi	255	250	110	105	0	0	15	125	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,440	2,315	2,290	2,285	0	0	10	25	120
Mi'kmaq	2,285	2,175	2,155	2,150	0	0	10	20	110
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	155	140	135	135	0	0	0	0	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	6,960	6,620	6,550	6,395	145	10	40	35	340
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	195	190	185	175	10	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	3,315	3,275	3,265	3,260	10	0	0	10	40
Ojibway languages	3,520	3,205	3,150	3,015	130	10	35	20	310
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	530	410	395	370	20	0	20	0	115
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	20	20	20	15	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	250	245	240	220	25	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	2,760	2,560	2,530	2,435	85	10	20	15	195
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	2,940	2,765	2,715	2,605	105	0	15	30	180
Northern Athabaskan languages	2,880	2,745	2,700	2,590	105	0	15	30	140
Dakelh (Carrier)	120	100	100	100	0	0	0	10	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	1,725	1,650	1,630	1,540	95	0	10	10	70
Gwich'in	45	45	45	40	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	325	325	325	315	10	0	0	0	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	80	80	75	75	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	60	55	55	55	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	190	190	190	185	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	35	35	30	30	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	415	405	390	390	0	0	0	15	10
Tse'khene (Sekani)	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	105	100	95	95	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	45	35	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	55	30	30	30	0	0	0	0	25
Northern Tutchone	20	15	10	15	0	0	0	0	10
Southern Tutchone	35	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	15
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	30	30	30	25	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	30	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	20
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	35	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	25
Haida	70	45	45	35	10	0	0	0	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	12,555	11,910	11,825	70	40	11,715	80	0	650
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	145	125	125	0	0	120	0	0	20
Inuinnaqtun	115	110	105	0	0	105	0	0	10
Inuvialuktun	30	15	15	0	0	15	0	0	15
Inuktitut	12,425	11,795	11,715	70	40	11,600	75	0	635
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	195	155	140	135	0	0	0	0	45
Mohawk	180	140	130	130	0	0	0	0	40
Oneida	20	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	70	45	40	35	0	0	0	0	30
Michif	220	190	175	15	160	0	25	0	20
Salish languages	800	600	575	545	25	0	15	10	210
Halkomelem	285	215	205	190	15	0	10	0	75
Lillooet	25	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	10
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	40	40	40	30	0	0	0	0	10
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	165	125	120	120	0	0	0	0	40
Squamish	55	40	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	40	30	25	25	0	0	0	0	15
Syilx (Okanagan)	95	65	60	60	0	0	0	0	35
Salish languages, n.i.e.	110	75	75	70	10	0	0	0	30
Siouan languages	285	230	225	225	0	0	0	0	50
Assiniboine	45	35	35	35	0	0	0	0	10
Dakota	170	145	145	140	0	0	0	0	25
Stoney	90	65	70	70	0	0	0	0	25
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	270	250	245	245	0	0	0	0	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	75	70	70	70	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	125	115	110	105	0	0	0	0	10
Tsimshian	70	65	65	65	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	245	180	180	180	0	0	0	0	70
Haisla	15	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	20	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	95	60	55	55	0	0	0	0	40
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	120	85	85	85	0	0	0	0	25
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	60	55	55	50	0	0	0	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	45	45	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	791,835	1,490	1,390	590	775	25	65	35	790,345
Income statistics for individuals
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data⁹²	30,335,920	1,348,040	1,299,245	764,750	486,620	47,875	20,210	28,580	28,987,880
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,242,935	1,270,445	1,223,900	712,850	465,395	45,655	19,040	27,505	27,972,495
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	34,800	34,800	32,400	39,200	33,200	34,800	36,000	41,200
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,450	44,920	44,880	41,880	49,400	45,640	44,440	46,920	54,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,257,325	1,271,490	1,224,905	713,425	465,820	45,655	19,055	27,530	27,985,830
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	32,400	32,400	30,600	35,600	31,400	32,400	33,200	37,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,920	39,400	39,400	37,800	41,800	39,640	38,480	40,040	45,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,047,020	1,002,600	964,990	527,840	399,330	37,825	15,440	22,170	25,044,420
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	29,800	29,800	27,400	34,000	23,600	28,200	30,600	35,600
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,240	42,120	42,120	39,720	45,440	40,640	40,560	43,800	50,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,127,690	879,120	847,485	466,235	347,870	33,375	13,645	18,000	20,248,565
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	30,800	30,800	28,400	34,800	26,200	29,000	31,800	37,600
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,280	42,240	42,240	39,960	45,280	42,080	40,240	43,240	50,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,397,570	1,139,040	1,097,525	646,980	408,500	42,045	16,965	24,550	24,258,525
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	11,300	11,200	12,100	9,900	10,700	11,300	12,300	9,700
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,170	13,020	13,020	13,760	11,850	13,000	12,940	13,020	11,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,179,395	190,935	184,200	110,140	68,580	5,480	2,915	3,815	2,988,465
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	6,000	6,000	6,000	5,960	6,700	6,000	6,240	5,720
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	7,340	7,330	7,340	7,220	8,610	7,270	7,860	7,030
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,346,150	454,795	439,360	272,085	149,670	17,610	6,985	8,445	7,891,355
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	9,500	9,500	10,000	8,000	10,000	9,500	8,000	8,000
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	9,790	9,810	10,160	9,120	10,060	9,760	9,200	8,870
Employment income statistics for earners
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data⁹³	30,335,920	1,348,040	1,299,245	764,750	486,620	47,875	20,210	28,580	28,987,880
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data⁹⁴	9,912,810	367,245	354,325	190,310	150,610	13,410	5,290	7,625	9,545,565
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)⁹⁵	63,600	56,400	56,400	52,000	61,600	62,400	58,000	58,000	64,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)⁹⁶	77,200	64,700	64,600	59,900	70,200	68,700	65,600	68,700	77,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data⁹⁷	8,426,645	362,160	348,865	186,035	151,385	11,445	6,320	6,975	8,064,485
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	17,200	17,200	16,400	18,400	15,800	15,100	17,800	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,160	26,760	26,760	25,420	28,360	27,720	25,300	26,640	29,280
Composition of total income
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data⁹⁸	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)⁹⁹	82.2	74.0	74.0	70.2	79.0	73.8	74.0	75.2	82.4
Employment income (%)¹⁰⁰	66.8	65.0	65.2	62.4	68.6	67.4	64.8	60.3	66.8
Government transfers (%)¹⁰¹	17.8	26.0	26.0	29.9	21.0	26.2	26.0	24.8	17.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.3	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	8.9	8.9	10.5	6.8	9.4	9.2	7.0	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	7.8	7.8	9.3	5.9	8.5	8.1	6.0	4.6
Total income groups
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁰²	30,335,920	1,348,040	1,299,245	764,750	486,620	47,875	20,210	28,580	28,987,880
Without total income	1,092,985	77,595	75,350	51,905	21,225	2,220	1,175	1,075	1,015,385
With total income	29,242,935	1,270,445	1,223,900	712,850	465,395	45,655	19,040	27,505	27,972,495
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,439,665	151,240	146,430	97,920	41,555	6,950	2,145	2,665	2,288,430
$10,000 to $19,999	3,446,105	173,950	167,450	104,025	56,925	6,505	2,630	3,870	3,272,160
$20,000 to $29,999	4,636,860	221,035	212,820	130,220	75,170	7,430	3,325	4,885	4,415,825
$30,000 to $39,999	3,724,975	172,360	165,975	97,810	62,700	5,465	2,580	3,805	3,552,615
$40,000 to $49,999	3,288,605	141,325	136,005	78,885	52,995	4,125	2,355	2,960	3,147,280
$50,000 to $59,999	2,676,430	109,120	105,065	58,795	43,145	3,125	1,605	2,450	2,567,310
$60,000 to $69,999	2,072,500	78,840	76,135	41,320	32,465	2,350	1,055	1,645	1,993,665
$70,000 to $79,999	1,594,475	57,610	55,455	28,770	24,865	1,820	875	1,280	1,536,865
$80,000 to $89,999	1,237,695	42,730	41,270	20,445	19,200	1,630	550	910	1,194,975
$90,000 to $99,999	966,205	32,465	31,145	15,250	14,490	1,400	565	755	933,735
$100,000 and over	3,159,410	89,770	86,150	39,405	41,895	4,850	1,345	2,275	3,069,640
$100,000 to $149,999	2,103,150	66,895	64,335	29,895	30,560	3,875	965	1,600	2,036,250
$150,000 and over	1,056,260	22,875	21,820	9,505	11,335	970	380	675	1,033,385
After-tax income groups
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁰³	30,335,920	1,348,040	1,299,245	764,750	486,620	47,875	20,210	28,580	28,987,880
Without after-tax income	1,078,595	76,550	74,340	51,330	20,800	2,215	1,155	1,050	1,002,050
With after-tax income	29,257,325	1,271,490	1,224,905	713,425	465,820	45,655	19,055	27,530	27,985,830
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,567,410	154,690	149,720	99,500	43,210	7,005	2,190	2,785	2,412,725
$10,000 to $19,999	3,605,250	179,995	173,255	106,990	59,545	6,720	2,750	3,985	3,425,260
$20,000 to $29,999	5,297,355	247,295	237,965	142,915	86,935	8,115	3,795	5,530	5,050,060
$30,000 to $39,999	4,441,060	194,305	186,905	107,590	73,285	6,030	3,025	4,380	4,246,750
$40,000 to $49,999	3,798,395	154,495	148,755	83,350	60,835	4,570	2,390	3,345	3,643,900
$50,000 to $59,999	2,831,845	110,980	106,995	59,220	44,395	3,380	1,615	2,370	2,720,865
$60,000 to $69,999	2,018,700	75,230	72,550	38,205	31,875	2,465	1,060	1,615	1,943,470
$70,000 to $79,999	1,431,800	52,235	50,305	25,865	22,465	1,975	765	1,155	1,379,565
$80,000 to $89,999	1,026,375	35,455	34,225	16,970	15,530	1,725	520	715	990,915
$90,000 to $99,999	644,435	22,405	21,600	11,105	9,200	1,295	305	505	622,030
$100,000 and over	1,594,695	44,410	42,635	21,725	18,540	2,365	640	1,135	1,550,290
Employment income groups
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data⁹³	30,335,920	1,348,040	1,299,245	764,750	486,620	47,875	20,210	28,580	28,987,880
Without employment income	9,208,230	468,915	451,765	298,515	138,750	14,495	6,570	10,585	8,739,315
With employment income	21,127,690	879,120	847,485	466,235	347,870	33,375	13,645	18,000	20,248,565
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,951,500	139,170	134,135	78,850	48,665	6,620	2,225	2,815	2,812,330
$5,000 to $9,999	1,739,815	83,235	80,140	46,320	30,225	3,595	1,450	1,645	1,656,580
$10,000 to $19,999	2,494,160	117,000	112,830	64,300	44,035	4,490	1,915	2,255	2,377,160
$20,000 to $29,999	1,959,915	92,485	89,140	51,475	34,590	3,075	1,385	1,960	1,867,430
$30,000 to $39,999	1,907,310	85,970	82,965	48,110	32,460	2,390	1,270	1,740	1,821,340
$40,000 to $49,999	1,855,535	77,270	74,675	41,665	31,010	2,000	1,130	1,470	1,778,265
$50,000 to $59,999	1,645,215	65,765	63,390	34,515	27,025	1,855	975	1,405	1,579,445
$60,000 to $69,999	1,367,435	51,140	49,435	25,500	22,305	1,630	715	995	1,316,295
$70,000 to $79,999	1,099,675	40,030	38,555	19,400	17,735	1,425	605	870	1,059,645
$80,000 to $89,999	929,165	32,460	31,335	15,185	14,850	1,300	455	670	896,705
$90,000 to $99,999	760,545	25,170	24,195	11,195	11,850	1,145	440	540	735,370
$100,000 and over	2,417,420	69,425	66,695	29,720	33,120	3,860	1,090	1,645	2,347,995
Income statistics in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁰⁴	30,335,920	1,348,040	1,299,245	764,750	486,620	47,875	20,210	28,580	28,987,880
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,599,665	1,230,130	1,184,965	688,170	453,315	43,475	18,360	26,805	27,369,535
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	31,000	31,000	27,400	37,200	29,800	30,800	33,200	39,600
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,350	41,360	41,280	37,160	47,400	43,080	41,280	44,480	52,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,618,280	1,230,830	1,185,640	688,550	453,615	43,480	18,380	26,815	27,387,450
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	29,200	29,200	26,400	33,600	28,400	28,800	30,200	35,200
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,920	35,840	35,800	33,120	39,800	37,280	35,440	37,680	43,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,709,140	997,980	960,695	528,110	395,215	37,370	15,235	22,045	24,711,165
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	31,000	31,000	28,200	35,600	25,400	30,200	32,400	36,800
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,040	41,720	41,680	38,040	46,600	40,760	41,240	44,320	51,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,242,575	895,170	863,265	478,140	350,795	34,330	13,635	18,270	20,347,405
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	31,400	31,400	28,800	36,000	26,000	30,600	33,200	38,400
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,560	41,480	41,440	38,040	46,080	41,200	41,120	43,680	50,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,191,860	1,036,340	998,700	589,345	371,575	37,780	15,150	22,490	22,155,520
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,240	5,640	5,600	6,200	4,680	5,840	5,040	8,100	4,200
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,950	8,890	8,880	9,280	8,220	9,260	8,570	9,580	7,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,430,165	155,080	149,945	89,990	55,070	4,885	1,975	3,165	2,275,085
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,720	6,550	6,550	6,600	6,240	8,500	5,720	6,200	5,680
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,560	7,980	7,990	8,030	7,760	9,730	7,600	7,880	7,530
Employment income statistics for earners in 2019
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁰⁵	30,335,920	1,348,040	1,299,245	764,750	486,620	47,875	20,210	28,580	28,987,880
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data⁹⁴	9,831,805	364,425	351,700	188,685	149,690	13,325	5,220	7,500	9,467,385
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)⁹⁵	60,000	52,800	52,800	48,400	58,400	56,400	54,400	55,600	60,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)⁹⁶	73,200	61,300	61,150	56,350	66,900	64,400	62,400	66,100	73,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data⁹⁷	7,934,985	341,720	329,140	175,125	143,265	10,750	5,915	6,665	7,593,260
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	22,400	22,400	21,200	23,800	19,400	20,800	23,600	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	31,840	31,840	30,120	34,000	31,680	30,520	31,760	35,360
Composition of total income in 2019
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	81.8	81.8	78.6	85.8	81.4	82.8	82.0	87.8
Employment income (%)	71.8	73.0	73.2	71.2	75.2	75.6	74.0	67.0	71.6
Government transfers (%)	12.3	18.1	18.1	21.4	14.2	18.7	17.1	18.1	12.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	2.4	2.5	2.8	2.0	2.5	2.0	2.1	1.2
LIM low-income status
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁰⁶	36,328,475	1,807,250	1,743,165	1,048,405	624,220	70,545	28,855	35,225	34,521,230
0 to 17 years	7,201,545	551,630	533,310	339,835	166,935	26,545	10,225	8,095	6,649,910
0 to 5 years	2,226,135	167,725	161,920	103,650	49,035	9,235	3,340	2,465	2,058,415
18 to 64 years	22,540,335	1,083,260	1,046,285	618,130	388,290	39,865	16,330	20,645	21,457,075
65 years and over	6,586,605	172,360	163,565	90,435	68,995	4,135	2,305	6,485	6,414,240
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,017,150	340,030	329,270	237,535	80,055	11,685	4,890	5,870	3,677,120
0 to 17 years	849,370	130,870	127,215	96,770	25,305	5,140	2,040	1,615	718,500
0 to 5 years	280,185	45,195	43,715	33,385	8,285	2,050	860	620	234,985
18 to 64 years	2,171,850	173,340	168,065	119,740	42,530	5,805	2,425	2,845	1,998,510
65 years and over	995,925	35,820	33,990	21,025	12,220	745	425	1,405	960,105
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	18.8	18.9	22.7	12.8	16.6	16.9	16.7	10.7
0 to 17 years (%)	11.8	23.7	23.9	28.5	15.2	19.4	19.9	19.9	10.8
0 to 5 years (%)	12.6	27.0	27.0	32.2	16.9	22.2	25.7	25.2	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	16.0	16.1	19.4	11.0	14.6	14.9	13.8	9.3
65 years and over (%)	15.1	20.8	20.8	23.2	17.7	18.0	18.4	21.7	15.0
Individual MBM poverty status
Total - Individual MBM poverty status in 2020 for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁰⁷	36,328,475	1,807,245	1,743,170	1,048,405	624,220	70,545	28,855	35,225	34,521,230
Poverty rate (%)¹⁰⁸	8.1	11.8	11.8	14.1	9.2	10.2	13.2	9.4	7.9
LICO low-income status
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 25% sample data¹⁰⁹	35,838,140	1,424,465	1,367,095	716,050	616,370	34,680	27,220	30,145	34,413,675
0 to 17 years	7,048,530	414,195	397,985	220,880	165,055	12,050	9,585	6,625	6,634,340
0 to 5 years	2,176,925	123,855	118,730	66,390	48,390	3,950	3,105	2,020	2,053,075
18 to 64 years	22,258,270	868,695	835,465	431,945	383,350	20,170	15,450	17,780	21,389,575
65 years and over	6,531,335	141,580	133,650	63,225	67,965	2,455	2,190	5,740	6,389,760
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,858,295	91,665	88,050	56,505	29,535	2,010	1,945	1,670	1,766,625
0 to 17 years	318,055	26,660	25,635	17,760	7,265	610	665	360	291,395
0 to 5 years	98,555	9,235	8,770	6,135	2,390	245	290	175	89,315
18 to 64 years	1,339,930	61,080	58,725	36,715	20,680	1,330	1,170	1,190	1,278,850
65 years and over	200,310	3,930	3,695	2,030	1,595	70	115	120	196,380
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2	6.4	6.4	7.9	4.8	5.8	7.2	5.5	5.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.5	6.4	6.4	8.0	4.4	5.0	6.9	5.5	4.4
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	7.5	7.4	9.3	4.9	6.2	9.4	8.8	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	7.0	7.0	8.5	5.4	6.6	7.6	6.7	6.0
65 years and over (%)	3.1	2.8	2.8	3.2	2.3	2.9	5.1	2.1	3.1

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. Canada [Country] (table). Indigenous Population Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-510-X2021001. Ottawa. Released June 21, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/ipp-ppa/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 17, 2024).

Date modified:: 2023-06-08

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Indigenous Population Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table: Canada [Country]