Indigenous Population Profile, 2021 Census of Population
About this product
Product description
Catalogue number and how to cite
Catalogue number: 98-510-X2021001
How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. Indigenous Population Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue number 98-510-X2021001. Ottawa. Released June 21, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/ipp-ppa/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 16, 2024).
Note: The term "Indigenous" replaced "Aboriginal" when referring to the collective term for people who identify as First Nations, Métis or Inuit. Its usage aligns with the Government of Canada and is coherent with standard terminology used in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
Topics
Data are from the 2021 Census of Population and include characteristics for:
- Age
- Commuting
- Education
- Ethnocultural and religious diversity
- Families, households, and marital status
- Housing
- Income
- Indigenous peoples
- Labour
- Language
- Language of work
- Mobility and migration
For a complete list of characteristics by topic and corresponding footnotes, refer to the Indigenous Population Profile metadata.
Geographic levels
The Indigenous Population Profile provides 2021 Census data for various levels of geography. These geographic levels include:
- Canada
- Province or territory
- Census division (CD)
- Census subdivision (CSD) (non-suppressed CSDs only)
- Census metropolitan area (CMA) and census agglomeration (CA)
- Designated place (DPL) (Métis settlements only)
- Inuit regions
- First Nation or Indian band and Tribal Council areas
About the data
Incompletely enumerated reserves and settlements
In 2021, a total of 63 census subdivisions defined as reserves and settlements were incompletely enumerated. For these reserves and settlements, dwelling enumeration was either not permitted or could not be completed because of the various reasons below.
This represents an increase compared with the 14 census subdivisions defined as reserves and settlements that were incompletely enumerated in the 2016 Census. Health and safety restrictions put in place to slow the spread of COVID-19 and natural events (including evacuations because of forest fires) contributed to the incomplete enumeration of many reserves and settlements.
The 2021 Census population and dwelling counts are not available for the 63 incompletely enumerated reserves and settlements, and are not included in 2021 Census tabulations. Data for geographic areas containing one or more of these reserves and settlements are noted accordingly. Because of the missing data, users are cautioned that—for the affected geographic areas—comparisons (e.g., percentage change) between 2016 and 2021 may not be precise. The impact of the missing data for higher-level geographic areas (Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations) is usually very small. However, the impact can be significant for lower-level geographic areas (e.g., census divisions), where incompletely enumerated reserves and settlements account for a higher proportion of the population. This is especially true for lower-level geographic areas where a particular reserve or settlement was incompletely enumerated for the 2021 Census but enumerated for the 2016 Census and, vice versa.
Table 1 provides the list of incompletely enumerated reserves and settlements for the 2021 Census, along with population counts from the last two censuses (where available).
Table 2 shows, in alphabetical order, the list of incompletely enumerated reserves and settlements for the 2021 Census by province, census division and, where applicable, census metropolitan area or census agglomeration.
Province | Incompletely enumerated reserves and settlements, 2021 | Enumeration status for the 2021 Census (reasons for absence of data) | Population, 2016 | Population, 2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Quebec | Listuguj | Permission not given | 1,514Table 1 Note 1 | 1,865 |
Kahnawake | Permission not given | .. | .. | |
Akwesasne | Permission not given | 2,378Table 1 Note 1 | .. | |
Kanesatake | Permission not given | .. | .. | |
Doncaster | Permission not given | .. | .. | |
Lac-Rapide | Permission not given | .. | .. | |
Pakuashipi | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 237 | 312 | |
Romaine 2 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 977 | 1,016 | |
Ontario | Akwesasne (Part) 59 | Permission not given | 1,693Table 1 Note 1 | .. |
Six Nations (Part) 40 | Permission not given | .. | 946 | |
Six Nations (Part) 40 | Permission not given | .. | 6,213 | |
Walpole Island 46 | Permission not given | 1,589 | .. | |
Chippewas of the Thames First Nation 42 | Permission not given | .. | 762 | |
Oneida 41 | Permission not given | .. | 1,282 | |
Wahta Mohawk Territory | Permission not given | .. | .. | |
Rankin Location 15D | Permission not given | .. | .. | |
Goulais Bay 15A | Permission not given | .. | .. | |
Obadjiwan 15E | Permission not given | 0 | ... | |
Fort Albany (Part) 67 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 1,404 | 1,520 | |
Pikangikum 14 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | .. | .. | |
Muskrat Dam Lake | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 281 | 260 | |
Manitoba | Swan Lake 7 | Permission not given | 347 | 371 |
Little Grand Rapids 14 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 810 | 847 | |
Poplar River 16 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 866 | 848 | |
Pauingassi First Nation | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 307Table 1 Note 1 | 388 | |
Oxford House 24 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 1,955 | 1,864 | |
Granville Lake | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 10 | 16 | |
Churchill 1 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 324 | 321 | |
Pukatawagan 198 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 1,844Table 1 Note 1 | 1,826 | |
Brochet 197 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 506 | 406 | |
Shamattawa 1 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 1,019 | 998 | |
Saskatchewan | Kinoosao-Thomas Clark 204 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 10 | 40 |
Alberta | Eden Valley 216 | Permission not given | 596 | 587 |
Tsuu T'ina Nation 145 | Permission not given | 2,271Table 1 Note 1 | 1,777 | |
Big Horn 144A | Permission not given | 237 | 134 | |
Saddle Lake 125 | Permission not given | .. | .. | |
Stoney 142, 143, 144 | Permission not given | 3,713 | 3,494 | |
Stoney 142B | Permission not given | 10 | ... | |
Thebathi 196 | Permission not given | 15 | 30 | |
Thabacha Náre 196A | Permission not given | 28 | 0 | |
British Columbia | Peters 1 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 30 | 27 |
Barnston Island 3 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 49 | 47 | |
Hesquiat 1 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 5 | 5 | |
Refuge Cove 6 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 44 | 72 | |
Basque 18 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 0 | 5 | |
Kumcheen 1 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 41 | 39 | |
Kloklowuck 7 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 5 | 5 | |
Spences Bridge | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 5 | 0 | |
Shawniken 4B | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 16 | 15 | |
Salmon River 1 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 39 | 45 | |
Canim Lake 1 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 228 | 224 | |
Lohbiee 3 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 91 | 118 | |
Canim Lake 2 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 5 | 5 | |
Chilco Lake 1 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 5 | 43 | |
Chilco Lake 1A | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 25 | 0 | |
Tanakut 4 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 15 | 5 | |
Lezbye 6 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 20 | 0 | |
Alexandria | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 40 | 52 | |
Garden | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 5 | 10 | |
S1/2 Tsimpsean 2 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 88 | 83 | |
Omineca 1 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 5 | 10 | |
Francois Lake 7 | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 10 | 10 | |
Uncha Lake 13A | Dwelling enumeration could not be completed | 10 | 5 | |
.. not available for a specific reference period ... not applicable
Notes: |
Name | Type | Province | Census division | CMA/CA |
---|---|---|---|---|
Akwesasne | IRI | Quebec | Le Haut-Saint-Laurent | ... |
Akwesasne (Part) 59 | IRI | Ontario | Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry | ... |
Alexandria | IRI | British Columbia | Cariboo | Quesnel |
Barnston Island 3 | IRI | British Columbia | Greater Vancouver | Vancouver |
Basque 18 | IRI | British Columbia | Thompson-Nicola | ... |
Big Horn 144A | IRI | Alberta | Division No. 9 | ... |
Brochet 197 | IRI | Manitoba | Division No. 23 | ... |
Canim Lake 1 | IRI | British Columbia | Cariboo | ... |
Canim Lake 2 | IRI | British Columbia | Cariboo | ... |
Chilco Lake 1 | IRI | British Columbia | Cariboo | ... |
Chilco Lake 1A | IRI | British Columbia | Cariboo | ... |
Chippewas of the Thames First Nation 42 | IRI | Ontario | Middlesex | ... |
Churchill 1 | IRI | Manitoba | Division No. 23 | ... |
Doncaster | IRI | Quebec | Les Laurentides | ... |
Eden Valley 216 | IRI | Alberta | Division No. 6 | ... |
Fort Albany (Part) 67 | IRI | Ontario | Kenora | ... |
Francois Lake 7 | IRI | British Columbia | Bulkley-Nechako | ... |
Garden | IRI | British Columbia | Cariboo | ... |
Goulais Bay 15A | IRI | Ontario | Algoma | ... |
Granville Lake | S-É | Manitoba | Division No. 23 | ... |
Hesquiat 1 | IRI | British Columbia | Alberni-Clayoquot | ... |
Kahnawake | IRI | Quebec | Roussillon | Montréal |
Kanesatake | S-É | Quebec | Deux-Montagnes | Montréal |
Kinoosao-Thomas Clark 204 | IRI | Saskatchewan | Division No. 18 | ... |
Kloklowuck 7 | IRI | British Columbia | Thompson-Nicola | ... |
Kumcheen 1 | IRI | British Columbia | Thompson-Nicola | ... |
Lac-Rapide | IRI | Quebec | La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau | ... |
Lezbye 6 | IRI | British Columbia | Cariboo | ... |
Listuguj | IRI | Quebec | Avignon | Campbellton |
Little Grand Rapids 14 | IRI | Manitoba | Division No. 19 | ... |
Lohbiee 3 | IRI | British Columbia | Cariboo | ... |
Muskrat Dam Lake | IRI | Ontario | Kenora | ... |
Obadjiwan 15E | IRI | Ontario | Algoma | ... |
Omineca 1 | IRI | British Columbia | Bulkley-Nechako | ... |
Oneida 41 | IRI | Ontario | Middlesex | ... |
Oxford House 24 | IRI | Manitoba | Division No. 22 | ... |
Pakuashipi | S-É | Quebec | Minganie--Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent | ... |
Pauingassi First Nation | IRI | Manitoba | Division No. 19 | ... |
Peters 1 | IRI | British Columbia | Fraser Valley | ... |
Pikangikum 14 | IRI | Ontario | Kenora | ... |
Poplar River 16 | IRI | Manitoba | Division No. 19 | ... |
Pukatawagan 198 | IRI | Manitoba | Division No. 23 | ... |
Rankin Location 15D | IRI | Ontario | Algoma | Sault Ste. Marie |
Refuge Cove 6 | IRI | British Columbia | Alberni-Clayoquot | ... |
Romaine 2 | IRI | Quebec | Minganie--Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent | ... |
S1/2 Tsimpsean 2 | IRI | British Columbia | Skeena-Queen Charlotte | Prince Rupert |
Saddle Lake 125 | IRI | Alberta | Division No. 12 | ... |
Salmon River 1 | IRI | British Columbia | Columbia-Shuswap | ... |
Shamattawa 1 | IRI | Manitoba | Division No. 23 | ... |
Shawniken 4B | IRI | British Columbia | Thompson-Nicola | ... |
Six Nations (Part) 40 | IRI | Ontario | Haldimand-Norfolk | ... |
Six Nations (Part) 40 | IRI | Ontario | Brant | Brantford |
Spences Bridge | IRI | British Columbia | Thompson-Nicola | ... |
Stoney 142, 143, 144 | IRI | Alberta | Division No. 15 | ... |
Stoney 142B | IRI | Alberta | Division No. 15 | ... |
Swan Lake 7 | IRI | Manitoba | Division No. 4 | ... |
Tanakut 4 | IRI | British Columbia | Cariboo | ... |
Thabacha Náre 196A | IRI | Alberta | Division No. 16 | Wood Buffalo |
Thebathi 196 | IRI | Alberta | Division No. 16 | ... |
Tsuu T'ina Nation 145 | IRI | Alberta | Division No. 6 | Calgary |
Uncha Lake 13A | IRI | British Columbia | Bulkley-Nechako | ... |
Wahta Mohawk Territory | IRI | Ontario | Muskoka | ... |
Walpole Island 46 | IRI | Ontario | Lambton | ... |
... not applicable IRI = Indian reserve S-É = Indian settlement CMA = Census metropolitan area CA = Census agglomeration The definition of residence on reserve includes some census subdivisions for which a First Nation has signed a modern treaty or a self-government agreement that provides them land ownership. Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2021. |
About First Nations or Indian bands and Tribal Councils within this profile
First Nations or Indian bands are included within this profile and are defined using census subdivisions or designated places. The list uses information from Indigenous Services Canada and shows communities (census subdivisions or designated places) that are affiliated with First Nations or Indian bands. People who live in the communities do not all belong to the specific First Nation or Indian band.
Tribal Councils are groups made up of several First Nation communities that represents the interests of those First Nations. The tribal council may administer funds or deliver common services to those First Nations. Membership in a tribal council tends to be organized along geographic, political or cultural and linguistic lines.
The 'Search' function allows you to type the name of the First Nation or Indian band in the 'Place name search' box and obtain information on the grouping of communities affiliated with the First Nation or Indian band.
About Inuit regions within this profile
Inuit regions are included within this profile and are defined using census subdivisions, except for 'Nunavut Inuit region,' which represents the Nunavut territory.
'Inuit Nunangat' is the Inuktitut expression for 'Inuit homeland,' an expanse comprising more than one third of Canada's land mass, extending from northern Labrador to the Northwest Territories. In recent years, four Inuit land claims have been signed across Inuit Nunangat.
Inuit Nunangat is comprised of four Inuit regions. These four regions are:
- Nunatsiavut: This is the most easterly region, in northern Labrador, was created through the 2005 Labrador Inuit Land Claim Agreement and includes about 72,500 square kilometers of land and the adjacent ocean zone.
- Nunavik: This region in northern Quebec was established through the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement. This was the first modern land claims agreement in Canada, signed in 1975. Nunavik covers 660,000 square kilometers of land.
- Nunavut: The 1993 Nunavut Land Claims Agreement led to the creation of the territory of Nunavut in 1999. It was formed out of the eastern part of the Northwest Territories. The territory spans 2 million square kilometers.
- Inuvialuit region: In 1984, the Inuvialuit Final Agreement (IFA) was signed, giving ownership to 90,650 square kilometers of land in the Northwest Territories to the Inuvialuit (Inuit of the western Arctic).
List of Inuit regions and the census subdivisions they include
About Métis settlements within this profile
Métis Settlements are included within this profile and are defined using designated places. There are 10 Métis settlements in northern Alberta: Gift Lake part A, Gift Lake part B, Kikino part A, Kikino part B, Paddle Prairie, Buffalo Lake, Elizabeth, Fishing Lake, East Prairie and Peavine. The Alberta Métis Settlement Act of 1990 transferred the land title to the Métis people and legally established the Métis Settlements General Council, along with eight settlement corporations.
Random rounding
To ensure confidentiality, the values, including totals, are randomly rounded either up or down to a multiple of '5' or '10.' To understand these data, you must be aware that each individual value is rounded. As a result, when these data are summed or grouped, the total value may not match the individual values since totals and sub-totals are independently rounded. Similarly, percentages, which are calculated on rounded data, may not necessarily add up to 100%.
Area and data suppression
In addition to random rounding, area and data suppression has been adopted to further protect the confidentiality of individual respondents' personal information.
Area and data suppression results in the deletion of all information for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. For example, areas with a population of less than 40 persons are suppressed.
For more information, refer to Geographic areas not released.
Note on data quality and disclosure control
For information on data quality, as well as random rounding, data suppression, and other methods of disclosure control, please consult the Guide to the Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-510-X, and the reference guides for the individual topics.Data quality indicators
Digit | Description | Flag | Flag description |
---|---|---|---|
First (0XXXX) |
Incomplete enumeration flag | 0 | Default. Not applicable. |
1 | Incompletely enumerated reserve or settlement (suppressed). | ||
2 | Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated reserves or settlements. | ||
Second (X0XXX) |
Short-form data quality flag | 0 | Default. Data quality index showing a short-form total non-response rate lower than 10%. |
1 | Data quality index showing a short-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 10%, but lower than 20%. | ||
2 | Data quality index showing a short-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 20%, but lower than 30%. | ||
3 | Data quality index showing a short-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 30%, but lower than 40%. | ||
4 | Data quality index showing a short-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 40%, but lower than 50%. | ||
5 | Data quality index showing a short-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 50% (use with caution). | ||
9 | Short-form data suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. | ||
Third (XX0XX) |
Short-form income confidentiality suppression flag | 0 | Default. Short-form income data not suppressed. |
9 | Short-form income data suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. | ||
Fourth (XXX0X) |
Long-form data quality flag | 0 | Default. Data quality index showing a long-form total non-response rate lower than 10%. |
1 | Data quality index showing a long-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 10%, but lower than 20%. | ||
2 | Data quality index showing a long-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 20%, but lower than 30%. | ||
3 | Data quality index showing a long-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 30%, but lower than 40%. | ||
4 | Data quality index showing a long-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 40%, but lower than 50%. | ||
5 | Data quality index showing a long-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 50% (use with caution). | ||
9 | Long-form data suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. | ||
Fifth (XXXX0) |
Long-form income confidentiality suppression flag | 0 | Default. Long-form income data not suppressed. |
9 | Long-form income data suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. |
2021 Census gender note
Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).
Gender includes the following concepts:
- gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
- gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.
A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.
Some people may not identify with a specific gender.
Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "+" symbol.
"Men+" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.
"Women+" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.
For additional information, see Filling the gaps: Information on gender in the 2021 Census.
- Date modified: